2004年职称英语等级考试试题答案及题解理工类(A级)
第l部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth．
A take out
B break off
C push in
D dig up
2 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September．
A play
B show
C send
D tell
3 This table is strong and durable．
A long-lasting
B extensive
C far-reaching
D eternal
4 He endured great pain before he finally expired
A fired
B resigned
C died
D retreated
5 The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror．
A smiling
B laughing
C shouting
D staring
6 The index is the government?s chief．gauge of future economic activity
A measure
B opinion
C method
D decision
7 It?s sensible to start any exercise program gradually at first．
A workable
B reasonable
C possible
D available
8 A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water．
A boiled
B polluted
C mixed
D sweetened
9 You have to be patient if you want to sustain your position
A maintain
B better
C acquire
D support
10 She stood there，trembling with fear．
A jumping
B crying
C moving
D shaking
11 Medical facilities are being upgraded．
A expanded
B repaired
C improved
D transferred
12 Rock climbing is hazardous
A interesting
B dangerous
C attractive
D useful
13 John is eligible for this job．
A accepted
B recommended
C rejected
D recommended
14 In order to improve our standard of living，we have to accelerate production．
A involve
B decrease
C speed up
D give up
15 Mary looked pale and weary．
A worried
B ugly
C silly
D exhausted
第2部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在
答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Mother Nature Shows Her Strength
Tornadoes(龙卷风)and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening．The storms were dramatic and dangerous．George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel (漏斗状的)cloud was behind him．“I stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloud．It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while．It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared．”Snyder said．
Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern 0hio on Saturday．In Trumbull County，a tornado turned trees onto their sides．Some trees fell onto houses and cars．Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down．Amanda Sym check was having a party when the storm began．“I knew something was wrong, ”he said．“I saw the sky go green and pink(粉红色)．Then it sounded like a train
rushing toward the house．I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection．”
The tornado caused a 10t of damage to cars and houses in the area．It will take a long time and much money to repair everything．There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms．The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes．The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river．More than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull County．The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses．Many streets had to be closed to Cars and trucks because of the high water．This made it difficult for fire trucks，police Cars，and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble．Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety．Some people reported five feet of water in their homes．Local and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated(撤走)．’The Red Cross served meals to them．“This was a really intense storm，”said Snyder．“People were afraid．Mother Nature can be fierce．We were lucky this time．No one was killed”
16 The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening．
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
17 George Snyder was a firefighter．
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
18 Amanda Sym check was having a party in the basement when the storm began.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
19 Power supply system was not damaged during the storm．
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
20 There had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years．
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
21 Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people．
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
22 Several people were missing during the storm．
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项
中为第1--~4段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27,-~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选
择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Earth Angels
1 Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts(烟头)were littering
her hometown beach in Isle of Palms，South Carolina．When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate，she decided to take action．Joying launched a“No Butts on the Beach” campaign．She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches dean．With the help of others．Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice．cream buckets．The buckets were filled with sand。and placed at a11 public-access areas of the beach．The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach．Two years later。Joying says the buckets are fun and the beach is nearly free of cigarette debris(残片)．
2 People who 1ive in or visit Steamboat Springs，Colorado．have Carter Dunham to thank for
a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife．Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River．The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High Schoo1. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife．Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there．They also made decisions about．among other things。where fences and parking areas should be built．
3 Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil．It started as a project for their 4H Club after one
of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria。Texas．They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water--a real danger in rural areas．where people live off the water on their 1and．The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue．Now．the“Don’t Be Crude”program runs oil．collection sites--tanks that hold up to 460 gallons--where people in the community can dispose of their oil．
4 Five years ago．11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream：for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water．His dream began in the first grade when he
1earned that people were dying because they didn?t have clean water，and that as 1ittle as$70 could build a well．“We really take water for granted，”says Ryan，of Kemptville，Ontario，in Canada．“In other countries．you have to plan for it．”Ryan earned the first$70 by doing extra chores(零工)，but with the help of others，he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars．His efforts led to the start of the Ryan?s Well Foundation，which raises money for clean water
and health．related services for people in African countries and developing countries．
23 Paragraph 1
24 Paragraph 2
25 Paragraph 3
26 Paragraph 4
A Provide Clean Water
B Dig 0il Wells
C Save Clean Water
D Don?t Litter
E Don?t B e Crude
F Protect Wildlife
27 Joying placed the buckets at all public-access areas to
28 People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to
29 Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to
30 Ryan，with the help of others，is fulfilling his dream of help African people to
第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇
Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success．few nations can match Germany．Since the 1 940s．the nation’s vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science．And though German prosperity(繁荣)has faltered(衰
退1 over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline，it still has an enviable(令人羡慕的)record for turning ideas into profit．Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society，a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought．after technologies．But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition．Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer，and technology parks are springing up all over．These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies．Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success．but it is not without its critics．These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science，eventually starving industry of flesh ideas．If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家)，the argument goes，then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity．driven，flee and widely available will Suffer．Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years．
Ⅵmile this debate continues．new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany?s research networks，which bear famous names such as Helmholtz，Max Planck and Leibniz．Yet it is the fourth network，the Fraunhofer Society，that plays the greatest role in technology transfer．Founded in 1949,the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe?s largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 1 2，000 people．It continues to grow．Last year, it Swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin．Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia．
31 What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?
A Technology transfer．
B Good management
C Hard work．
D Fierce competition
32 Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research?
A It is free．
B It is profit—driven．
C It is widely available．
D It is curiosity—driven．
33 The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in
A Asia．
B USA．
C Europe．
D Africa．
34 When was the Fraunhofer Society founded?
A In 1940.
B Last year．
C After the unification．
D In 1949.
35 The word “expertise?? in line 3 could be best replaced by
A “experts”．
B “scientists”．．
C “scholars”．
D “special knowledge”．
第二篇
Superconductor Ceramic(陶瓷)
An underground revolution begins this winter．with the flip(轻击)of a switch，30，000 homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive electricity transmitted by ice．cold high．performance cables．Other American cities are expected to follow Detroit?s example in the years ahead．which could conserve enormous amounts of power．The new electrical cables at the Frisbie power station in Detroit are revolutionary because they are made of superconductors．A superconductor is a material that transmits electricity with little or no resistance．Resistance is the degree to which a substance resists electric current．All common electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical resistance．They convert at least some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heat．Superconductors don?t·No one understands how superconductivity works．It just does．
Making superconductors isn?t easy．A superconductor material has to be cooled to an extremely low temperature to 10se its resistance．The first superconductors，made more than 50 years ago，had to be cooled to一263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistance．Newer superconducting materials 10se their resistance at一143 degrees Celsius．
The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic material
that contains copper．oxygen．bismuth(铋)。strontium(锶)．and calcium(钙)．A ceramic is a hard．strong compound made from clay or minerals．The superconducting ceramic has been fashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwise around a long tube filled with liquid nitrogen．Liquid nitrogen is supercold and lowers the temperature of the ceramic tape to the point where it conveys electricity with zero resistance．
The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance．Because cooled superconductors have no resistance．they waste much less power．0ther cities are watching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cable and conserve power．too．
36 What is the benefit of the revolution mentioned in the first paragraph?
A With a flip of swish．electricity can be transmitted．
B Other American cities can benefit from the high·performance cables．
C Great amounts of power can be conserved．
D Detroit will first receive electricity transmitted by the new electrical cables
37 Compared to common electrical conductors，superconductors
A have little or no electrical resistance．
B Can be used for along time．
C are not energy-efficient．
D can be made easily．
38 At what temperature does the superconducting ceramic lose its resistance?
A-143 degree Celsius．
B一263 degree Celsius．
C As long as it is ice-cold．
D Absolute zero．
39 What element enables the ceramic tape to lower its temperature?
A Copper．
B Liquid nitrogen．．
C Clay．
D Calcium．
40 According to the last paragraph，which of the following statements is NOT true?
A Other cities hope they Can also conserve power．
B Other cities hope they Can use superconducting cables soon．
C Superconductors waste less power because of their low resistance．
D The Fribie experiment is not successful．
第三篇
The Science of the Future
Until recently，the“science of the future”was supposed to be electronics and artificial intelligence．Today it seems more and more likely that the next great breakthroughs in technology will be brought through a combination Of those two sciences with organic chemistry and genetic engineering．This combination is the science of biotechnology．
Organic chemistry enables us to produce marvelous synthetic(合成的)materials．However,
it is still difficult to manufacture anything that has the capacity of wool to conserve heat and also
tO absorb moisture．Nothing that we have been able to produce so far comes anywhere near the combination of strength．1ightness and flexibility that we find in the bodies of ordinary insects．Nevertheless．scientists in the laboratory have already succeeded in“growing”a material that has many of the characteristics of human skin．The next step may well be“biotech hearts and eyes”which can replace diseased organs in human beings．These will not be rejected by the body, as is the case with organs from humans．
The application of biotechnology to energy production seems even more promising．In 1996
the famous science．fiction writer，Arthur C．Clarke，many of whose previous predictions have come true。said that we may soon be able to develop remarkably cheap and renewable sources of energy．Some of these power sources will be biological．Clarke and others have warned us repeatedly that sooner or later we will have to give up our dependence on non-renewable power sources．Coal，oil and gas are indeed convenient．However，using them also means creating dangerously high levels of pollution．It will be impossible to meet the growing demand for
energy without increasing that pollution to catastrophic(灾难性的)levels unless we develop
power sources that are both cheaper and cleaner．
It is attempting to think that biotechnology or some other “science of the future” can solve
our problems．Before we surrender to that temptation we should remember nuclear power．Only a few generations ago it seemed to promise limitless，cheap and safe energy．Today those promises 1ie buried in a concrete grave in a place called Chernobyl，in the Ukraine．Biotechnology is
unlikely．however, to break its promises in quite the same or such a dangerous way．
41 According to the passage，the science of the future is likely to be
A electronics．
B biotechnology．
C genetic engineering．
D nuclear technology．
42 Organic chemistry helps to produce materials that are
A as good as w001.
B as good as an insect?s body．
C not as good as natural materials．
D better than natural materials．
43 According to the．passage，it may soon be possible
A to make something as good as human skin．
B to produce drugs without side effects．
C to transplant human organs．
D to make artificial hearts and eyes．
44 In 1996. Arthur C．Clarke predicted that
A biological power sources would be put into use soon．
B oil，gas and coal could be repeatedly used in the future．
C dependence on non—renewable power sources would be reduced soon
D the Chernobyl disaster would happen in two years．
45 What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A Biotechnology can solve all our future energy problems．
B Biological power is cheaper than nuclear power．
C Biological power may not be as dangerous as nuclear power
D Biological power will keep all its promises．
第5部分：补全短文(第46—50题，每题2分，共10分)
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Why Would They Falsely Confess?
Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To most people，it just doesn?t seem logical．But it is logical，say experts。if you understand what call happen in a police interrogation(审讯)room．
Under the right conditions，people?s minds are susceptible(易受影响的)to influence，and the pressure put on suspects during police questioning is enormous．(46)“The pressure is important to understand，because otherwise it's impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn?t do．The answer is：to put all end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess．
Developmental psychologist Mary Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to determine how likely people are to confess to things they didn?t do. (47)the researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting “alt” key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility．
Redlich?s findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely
59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. (48) Of
the 15-to 16-year-olds，72 percent signed confessions，as
13-year-olds．
“There?s no question that young people are more at risk，”says Saul Kassin，a psychology professor at Williams College，who has done similar studies with similar . (49)
Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire ……interrogation” in their experiments consisted
of a simple accusation-not hours of aggressive questioning--and still，most participants falsely decision．”
(50)“In some ways，”says Kassin，“false confession becomes a rational
A In her experiment，participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the“alt” key, because doing So would crash the systems．
B Because of the stress of a police interrogation，they conclude，suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation．
C “It?s a little like somebody?s working on them with a dental(牙齿) drill,” says Franklin Zimring，a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley．
D“But the baseline is that adults are highly vulnerable too．”
E The court found him innocent and he was released．
F Redlich also found that the younger the participant，the more likely a false confession．
第6部分：完形填空(第51--~65题，每题1分，共15分)
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Greatest Mystery Of Whales
The whale is a warm-blooded，air-breathing animal，giving birth to its young alive，sucking them--and，like all mammals，originated on land．There are many
front flippers(鳍状肢)，used for steering and stability, are traces of feet．
(51)of this．Its
Immense strength is——(52)into the great body of the big whales，and in fact most
of a whale?s body is one gigantic muscle．The blue whale?s pulling strength has been estimated (53)400 horsepower．One specimen was reported to have towed(拖)a whaling
vessel for seven hours at the (54) of eight knot (节).
An angry whale will (55) A famous example of this was the fate of
Whaler Essex, (56)was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century．More recently, steel ships have (57)their plates buckled(使弯曲)in the same way．Sperm whales(抹香鲸)were known to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush Them.
The greatest (58)of whales is their diving ability．The sperm whale dives to the Bottom for his (59)food，the octopus(章鱼)．In that search he is known to go as far Down as 3,200 feet, where the．(60)is 1,400 pounds，to a square inch．Doing so he Will (61)underwater long as one hour．Two special skills are involved in this storing up enough (62)(all whales are air—breathed)and tolerating the great change in pressure．Just how he does it scientists have not (63)．It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special (64)of blood vessels，rather than just held in the lungs．And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort of compensating mechanism that (65)adjusts the internal pressure of his body．But since you can’t bring a live whale into the laboratory for study, no one knows just how these things work．
51 A aspects B signs C ways D reasons
52 A worked B divided C built D moved
53 A at B in C of D with
54A number B degree C distance D rate
55A abandon B attack C leave D board
56A as B who C which D t}1at
57A had B operated C Seen D caught
58A interest B job C danger D mystery
59A favorite B fast C new D sufficient
60A depth B pressure C level D size
61A set B become C remain D rest ．
62A heat B energy C food D oxygen
63A witnessed B determined C applied D calculated 64A system B place C arrangement D equipment 65A mentally B artificially C manually D automatically