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成人学士学位英语考试复习资料(词汇、短词、阅读、作文)

一、时态和语态

1. 如何解答时态问题

例1:You’ve already missed too many classes this term. You ______ just last week.

A. missed

B. would miss

C. had missed

D. have missed

例2:Anne asked Tom ______ the key.

A. when he left

B. where he had left

C. how he left

D. why did he left

考试重点:

2. 与完成时有关的时态

★现在完成时 (have done) since, for/ in the past few months, up to now

例1:Collecting toy cars as a hobby becomes increasingly popular during the past fifty years.

A B C D

例2:

A. has been taught

B. was being taught

C. has been taught

D. had been taught.

★过去完成时 (had done)

例3:Anne asked Tom ______ the key.

A. when he left

B. where he had left

C. how he left

D. why did he left

例4:The chemistry class_____ for five minutes when we hurried there.

A. had been on

B. had begun

C. has been on

D. would began

★将来完成时 (will have done) by

例5:We’

A. had already started

B. have already

C. will already have started

D. have already been started.

★现在完成进行时 (have been doing)

例6:

it right.

A. had leaked

B. is leaking

C. leaked

D. has been leaking

★过去完成进行时 (had been doing)

★将来完成进行时(will have been doing )

例7

A. I will study

B. I will have been studied

C. I had studied

D. I will have been studying.

3. 在时间和条件状语从句中不用将来时态

▲用一般现在时代替一般将来时

例1

A. will heat

B. will be heated

C. is heated

D. has heated

例2:

A. will come

B. would come

C. shall come

D. come

▲用现在完成时代替将来完成时

例3:

A. will finish

B. has finished

C. finish

D. would finish

注意:

例4:No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she______ them.

A. tries

B. will try

C. are trying

D. have tried

4. 考试小窍门

◆考试中如果遇到与完成时态相关的选项,要重点加以研读,一般说来是正确答案。

二、情态动词

+do 对现在情况的推测

must

+have done 对过去情况的推测

例1:

A. might fall

B. must fall

C. must have fallen

D. can have fallen

★can’t/could’t表示否定的推测,意思是“不可能”

+do 对现在情况的推测

can’t/couldn’t

+have done 对过去情况的推测

★ may/might not表示可能性很小的推测,意思是“也许…”

+do 对现在情况的推测

may/might

+have done 对过去情况的推测

3. 情态动词的完成时虚拟语气的用法

needn’t have done should have done should not have done

ought to have done could have done

4. 考试小窍门

在遇到情态动词加完成时和情态动词加原形同时出现的情况下,一般说来情态动词加完成时是正确答案。

×Must do √ Must have done

三、虚拟语气

考试重点:

1. 条件句中的虚拟语气

例1:I would ask George to lend us the money if I ______ him.

A. had known

B. have known

C. knew

D. would know

例2:If a better material ______, the strength of the part would have been increased.

A. had been used

B. had been using

C. being used

D. using

条件句中的虚拟语气需要注意以下三点:

? 如果条件句中有were, had, should时,可以把if省略,然后把这三个单词提前,形成倒装。

例3:_____ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.

A. If he took

B. if he should take

C. Were he to take

D. Had he taken

? 含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的应用

三级考试中经常出现的三个句型:

But for/without…,…………, otherwise/or………, but/though….

A. did not finish

B. could not finish

A. will not finish D. would not have finished

A. is

B. will be

C. would have been

D. would be

例6:

A. would have come

B. would come

C. could come

D. had come

例7:We would have made a lot of money, but we halfway

A. gave up

B. had given up

C.would give up

D. were to give up

? 错综时间条件句

例8:

2. (should )+动词原形在某些从句中的应用

? 1)当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest, request, insist, desire , demand, propose, order, command, arrange等动

? 2) It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/等后的主语从句中

例3:

? 3) advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, reques t等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如:

3. wish后的宾与从句中应当用虚拟语气

4. if only 引导的感叹句中

5. as if/as though引导的状语从句中

6. would rather后的句子的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式

7. it is (high) time that ….句型中, 从句的谓语动词用过去式

四、非谓语动词

1. 不定式

?不定式的逻辑主语

例1:

例2:

例3:

?不定式的时态和语态

例4:The magnificent museum is said _____ about a hundred years ago.

A. to be built

B. to have been built

C. to have built

D. to have being built

?使用不带to的不定式

1)why not do表示委婉的建议

A. ask

B. you ask

C. to ask

D. your asking

2)使役动词have, make, let的后面接不定式做宾语补足语时,用省to的不定式。

例2:The teacher has

A. to write

B. written

C. writing

D. write

例3:While he was climbing the high mountain, he had

A. broke

B. break

C. broken

D. breaking

例4:There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make

A. hearing

B. being told

C. to hear

D. heard

3)表示生理感觉的动词如see, watch, notice, observe, hear后面接不定式做宾语补足语时,用省to的不定式。

例5:With tears on her face, the old lady watched

A. send

B. to be sent

C. being sent

D. sending

4)do something but/except do

例6:There is nothing we can do _____ wait.

A. but

B. rather than

C. in spite of C. besides.

5)记住下列不带to的短语

can’t but can’t help but had better

2. 动名词

1. 有些动词后面既可以接动名词又可以接不定式,但意思有差异

remember forget regret stop go on mean

2. 后面跟动名词的固定句式

have trouble/problems/difficult doing something feel like

spend/was te…doing something can’t help need/deserve/want

be worth what about/how about

3. 分词

例2:Your experiment reports must be checked with care before_______

A. handed them in

B. them handing in

C. being handed in

D. handing them in

例3:_______ in the air fuels give off heat.

A. T burn

B. Burned

C. T be burned

D. Being burned

五、状语从句

考试重点:

1.时间状语从句

★ while/

when/

as/

until

★一…就…

no sooner…than/

hardly…when/

scarcely…when

★ the moment

the minute

the instant

★固定句型

It is/has been ….since…

1. 原因状语从句

now that in that

2. 条件状语从句

unless as long as provided that 3. 让步状语从句

as though

althoug

h

even if even

though

while whateve

r

例1:If you read the book a second time, and you will probably have quite a different

A B C

understanding of the events described in it.

D

例2:Hard as he worked, but Mr. Brown couldn’t keep the shop properly.

A B C D

六、平行结构

and, or, but

比较级

例1:I enjoy eating in good restaurants and to go to the theater afterwards.

A B C D

例2:It usually takes much less time to fly from one country to another than traveling by train.

A B C D

例3:The rooms were then empty and most of them have been shut up.

A B C D

Prefer引出的平行结构:

Prefer something to something

e.g : I prefer you to speak English in the class.

1、a number of, the number of

a number of +可数名词,谓语用复数,意为许多,大量的……

the number of +可数名词,谓语用单数,意为……的数目

2、able, capable, competent

able为常用词,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知识与时间等,搭配是be able to do s.th。如:A cat is able to see in the dark. (猫在黑暗中能看见东西。)

capable 指满足一般要求的能力,搭配是be capable of +doing。

competent 指“胜任”,“合格”,或受过专业技术等训练的,但不是超群的能力。如:A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. (医生应该能治多种病。)

3、above all;after all;at all; in all

above all意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”,常位于句首或句中,作插入语,起强调作用。如:But above all tell me quickly what I have to do.可首先快些告诉我该做什么。

after all意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到底”,在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。如:After all,your birthday is only two weeks away.毕竟,两周后就是你的生日。

He is,after all,a small child.他毕竟还是个小孩子。

He failed after all.他终于失败了。

at all用于否定句时,意为“丝毫;根本”,用于疑问句时意为“究竟;到底”,用于条件句时,常译为“当真;实在”。用于肯定句中,表示说话人的某种情绪或情感(如怀疑或惊奇等),意为“竟然”等。如:

He doesn’t like you at all.他根本不喜欢你。

Are you going to do it at all?你究竟做不做这件事?

If you do it at all,do it well.若你真要做这件事,就得做好。

I was surprised at his coming at all.他竟然来了,我很惊讶。

in all意为“总共”,既可放在句首,也可放在句末。如:

There are 25,000 Inuit in all.(=In all, there are 25,000 Inuit.) 这儿共有25,000因努伊特人。

4、aboard, abroad, board, broad

aboard 在船(或飞机,车)上。如:I never went aboard a ship.

abroad 副词,在国外或海外。如:He often goes abroad.

board 为动词,上(船,飞机,车)。如:The passengers are boarding the plane now.

broad 为形容词,宽广的。如:He has very broad shoulders.

5、accept, receive

accept 接受,receive“接到”,“收到”。如:I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t accept it.

(昨天我收到了一个请柬,但并没有接受邀请。)

6、accident, incident, event

accident事故。如:a traffic accident (交通事故)

incident“附带事件”,在政治上特指引起国际争端或战争的事件,事变。

event “事件”,指特别重要的事件,通常是由以前的努力而产生的结果,也指国家和社会的事件。

7-accurate, correct, exact, precise

accurate准确的,精确的。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火车站的钟应该是准确的。)correct“正确的”,指符合一定的标准或准则,含有“无错误的”意味。它的反义词是incorrect, wrong.

exact“精确的”,“恰好的”,比“大体上正确”更进一步,表“丝毫不差”。它的反义词是inexact。

precise强调“精确”,“精密”。

8、accuse, charge, sue

accuse 指责,指控,常与of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of carelessness.

charge 常与with搭配。如:The police charged the driver with reckless driving.

sue 常与for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house.

9、acquire, require, inquire

adopt (1)收养。如:Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. (他们自己没有孩子,所以决定收养一个小女孩。)(2)采纳,采用,通过。如:He adopted our suggestion.(他采纳了我们的建议。)

adopt与adapt词形相近,后者的意思是“使适合”,“改编”等。

11、advantage, benefit, profit

advantage 常指一种使某人处于比其他人相对有利的地位,机会或时机。如:He had the advantage of good education.

(受过良好的教育对他十分有利。)

profit 多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year? (你去年赚钱了吗?)

benefit 指物质利益或精神方面的好处。如:I get no personal benefit from the business.(我个人从这家企业中并不获益。)

12、1affect, effect

affect影响(动词)。如Smoking affects health.

effect效果,影响(名词)。如:Government policy will not have any effect on us.

13、afford, provide, supply

都有“提供,供给”的意思。

afford一般只用于抽象事物。

provide 和supply意思相同,两个词都和with连用,构成provide /supply somebody with something的结构。14、ago, before

ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”,常与一般过去时连用,不可以单独使用。

before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成时连用,可以单独使用。

例如,I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。

He told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。

15、agree on;agree to;agree with

agree on作“就……取得一致意见”解。例如:

The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.

上月,就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议。

agree to有两层含义和用法:

其一是to作为动词不定式符号,其后跟动词原形,作“同意(答应)做某事”解。

例如: My father agreed to buy a new pen for me.父亲答应给我买支新钢笔。

其二是to作为介词,之后跟表示“计划/条件/建议等一类的名词或代词”。例如:

They have a greed to our plan.他们已同意我们的计划。

agree with作“同意某人的意见”解,其后可跟表示人的名词或代词,也可跟表示“意见”或“说的话”的名词或从句。例如:

He agreed with my opinions.他同意了我的意见。

We agreed with what he said at the meeting.我们同意他在会上讲的话。

16、alive, living, live

alive 指虽有死的可能,但仍活着,一般只作表语。

living可用于人或物,作定语时可前可后。

live只做前置定语,用于动物和个别事物前。

17、almost, nearly

一般说来,almost比nearly 表示的意思更接近“开始”、“完成” (目标)等。

在all, every, always 前,两者都可用。如:He is almost (nearly) smoking. (他几乎每天抽烟。)

almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing 连用,而nearly却不能。如:Almost no one believed her. (几乎没人相信他。)

18、alone, lonely

alone只表“独自”的客观状态,没有感情色彩,只作表语;lonely表“孤独”,:“寂寞”,能作定语和表语。

如:When she is left alone, she feels lonely. (剩下她一人时她就感到寂寞。)

all together 全都在一起。如:We played the game all together. (我们大家都一起来玩游戏吧。)

20、although; though; as

三者均可表示“尽管;虽然”,引导让步状语从句。although用法较正式,语气较强;though较常用;as则主要用于倒装句。它们的用法有如下几点值得注意:

? 状语从句由although, though或as引导,主句之前不可有but, and, so, however等并列连词,但可有yet或still等副词。although与though常可互换。例如:

Although/Though he believes it, yet he will not act.他虽然相信它,但却不肯有所行动。

? as表示“尽管;虽然”,只能用于倒装句,即:将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前。though也可这么用。例如:

Young as/though he is, he knows a lot.他虽然年纪不大,却懂得很多。

注意:如果表语是单数名词,要省略a。例如:

Child as/though he is, he can speak two foreign languages.虽然他是个孩子,但他会说两门外语。

? though可以放在句末,表示“但是”,although却不能。例如:

They said they would come; they did not, though.他们说他们会来,可是他们并没有来。

? although只用来陈述“事实”,不能表示“假设”。因此可以说even though“即使”以及as though“好像(=as if)”,不能说even although或as although。例如:

I believe you are on duty—even though you’re in plain clothes.尽管你穿着便衣,我相信你是在值勤。

21、among, between

among 在……中间(三者或三者以上之间)。如:Our house is hidden among trees.

between在两者之间。如:It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese.

22、answer, reply, respond

用作动词,都可表“回答”,“答复”。

answer是常用词,后可接letter(回信),question(回答问题),doorbell(开门),telephone(接电话),advertisement(应征广告)等。

reply较正式,一般只作不及物动词,可与to连用。如:He has replied to my letter.(他回答了我信中提的问题。)

respond作“回答”解,用得较少,也同to 搭配。如:He quickly responded to the question. (他很快就回答了问题。)

另外,respond还可表“对……反应”,“响应”。

23、approve, prove

approve(1)赞成,同意。如:I don’t approve of wasting tim e.(我不赞成浪费时间。)

(2)批准,通过。如:The minister approved the building plan. 部长批准了建筑计划。

prove和approve词形相似,prove是“证明”,“表明是”等。

24、arise/rise/raise/ arouse

arise是一个不及物动词,意思是“起源于(和from连用)和“出现”。

rise是一个不及物动词,意思是“上升”,该词是不及物动词:rise, rose, risen

raise是一个及物动词,意思是“举起”。

arouse的意思是“引起,导致”。

Black smoke rose from the chimney.

He is too weak to raise that heavy box.

Accidents usually arise from carelessness .

A crisis has arisen in their marrige.

Matt’s behavior was arousing the interest of the neighbors.

25、as (so) far as; as (so) long as

? as(so)far as的意思是“就……而言(所知)”,as (so) far as sth.is concerned是其中一种具体用法,意为“就某事而言”;as (so) long as意为“只要”,引导条件状语从句。如:

As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs.

就中国的旅游业而言,需要做的工作还很多。

26、as though;even though;though

? as though(=as if),意为“好像;似乎”,引导方式状语从句或表语从句。如:

He spoke as though(as if)he had been here before.他说话的口气好像他以前来过这里。

It looks as if(as though)it is going to rain.看起来好像要下雨。

? even though(=even if),意为“即使”,引导让步状语从句。though也引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”;even though有退一步设想的意味,与though不同。though引导的句子所说的是事实,even though引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。例如:

He will not tell the secret even though(even if)he knows it.即使他知道这个秘密,他也不肯说出来。

He will not tell the secret though he knows it.他虽然知道这个秘密,但他不会说出来。

27、assure, ensure, insure

assure的意思是“使(某人)确信”,一般用作:assure sb. of /that…,后面不能直接跟that从句。

ensure的意思是“保证”,后面可以接双宾语,也可以接that从句。

insure的意思是“给…上保险”。例如:

He assured me that it was true.

We can’t ensure you a good post.

My house is insured against fire.

28、at the beginning;in the beginning

? at the beginning 在……初;在……开始的时候。常与of连用。例如: Students usually have a study plan at the beginning of term.学生们在开学初制定学习计划。

? in the beginning 相当于at first,表示“起初、开始”时,含“起初是这种情况,而后来却不是这种情况”之意,不与of连用。例如: In the beginning,some of us took no interest in physics.起初我们有些人对物理不感兴趣。

29、at the time; at that time; at one time; at a time

? at the time通常用于过去时句子中,指某件事情发生的“当时”、“那时”。例如:

Many people saw the strange thing happen at the time.当时,许多人都看到了这件奇怪的事情的发生。

有时,at the time的后面可接“of...”短语。这时,它表示“在(某事态)发生的时候”或“在……的时代”。例如:

Were you in San Francisco at the time of the big earth quake in 1989﹖

1989年旧金山发生地震时,你在那里吗?

? at that time 则通常指前文明确提到的某个时期、时候。通常其后不带“of...”短语。例如:

In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan.At that time

(=At the 17th century) the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded.

? at one time=during a period of time in the past意为“过去有一段时期”,“曾经”。例如:

They used to be good friends at one time.他们曾经是好朋友。

? at a time则意为“一次”,表示一个时间单位。它常与表示数量的词语连用,表示频率。例如:

Don’t speak all at once.One at a time, please.不要同时一起说。一次只一个人说。

Take the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time.这些药每天服三次,每次服三粒。

30、awake, wake, waken

都可作动词。

awake既可及物,也可不及物,多用于比喻。

wake常指“睡醒”,多为不及物动词。

waken多用作及物动词,常指“吵醒”,“惊醒”。

31、await, wait

award, reward作动词。award意为“授予(奖品,奖金等)”,后面可跟双宾语;reward意为“报酬”,“酬谢”,只能跟人或以人的行为作宾语。

award, prize, reward作名词时,award常指奖金,奖品;prize多指在竞赛、竞争中获胜所赢得的奖;reward则指为某项劳动或行为所付的酬金。

33、because/since/as/for

? 这四个词都是表示原因或理由的连接词,但是as,because,since是从属连词,引导原因状语从句,for是并列连词,所引导的不是原因状语从句,而是表示理由的对等句子,是对前面所讲内容补充和说明。在语气上由强至弱依次为because→since→as→for。because引导的从句多置于句末,表示直接的原因或理由,表示产生那种结果的必然的因果关系,在回答why的提问时,必须用because作答。

如:We stayed at home because it rained.因为下雨我们呆在家里。

? as与since引导的从句多置于句首,不过as表示十分明显的原因,只说明一般的因果关系,可译为“因为、由于”;而since则表示稍加分析、对方已知的原因,一般可译为“既然”。如:

As he was not feeling well,I decided to go there alone.由于他身体欠佳,我决定独自去那里。

Since everyone is here,let's start.既然大家都到了,咱们就开始吧。

? for引导的从句一般放在句末,其前用逗号,它所叙述的理由是间接的,即推测性理由,或是对前面叙述的事实或看法的补充说明。如:

There must be nobody in the classroom,for the light is off.

教室里一定没有人,因为灯灭了。(推测性理由)

34、beat, win

beat表在比赛和战斗中打败对手,后接对手作宾语。

Win作及物动词时,其宾语为游戏、比赛、战斗、奖金等名词。如:He has won the race.(他赢得了赛跑的胜利。)35、beside, besides

beside在……旁边。如:Come and sit beside me.

besides除……之外。如:I have two other umbrellas besides this one.

36、besides;except;but

? 三者都可以用作介词。用于肯定句中时,except/but意为“除……外(不再有)”;besides意为“除……外(还有)”。请比较:

All of them have seen the film except/but Wu Dong.除了吴东外,他们都看过了那部影片。

All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong.除了吴东看过那部影片外,他们也都看过了。

? except后接名词、代词、-ing或不定式时,可以与but互换;except后接副词、介词短语时,一般不能为but 所替换。如:

I’ll do everything except/but cook.除了做饭,我什么事情都干。

This window is never opened except in summer.除了在夏天,这个窗子从不打开。

? 用在否定句中,三者可以互换。如:

There aren’t any other people to do the work except/but/besides you.

除了你,没人能做这工作。

37、be known as; be known for; be known to; be known in

? be known as 意为“作为……而著名”,其后的名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。如:

Liu Huan is known as a singer.刘欢作为一个歌手而出名。

We’re sure you’ll be well-known as an artist.我们相信你会成为一位著名的画家。

? be known for 意为“因……而著名”,其后所接内容表示某人或物的特点、特长等。如:

Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers.桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。

Mr Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day.

盖尔多夫先生因在同一天组织两场大型的流行音乐会而出名。

? be known to “为……所了解/知道”,其后接表示人的词语。“(人们都)知道”,其后接动词原形。如:He is known to all in our village.村子里的人都了解他。

He was known to have invented many things.=It was known that he had invented many things.

39、bring/take/fetch/carry

bring (vt.)带来:表示从别处把某人或某物拿到说话者处。

take (vt.) 取走:表示将某物从讲话者处带走

fetch (vt.) 去取:表示到某地将某物或某人拿到讲话者处。

carry (vt.) 携带:表示用人力或交通工具把某物或某人,从一地带到另一地。该动词不含方向意味。

The ball went over the fence and one of the players asked a boy to fetch it.

The city’s underground carries more people than the buses.

You had better take an umbrella with you in case of rain.

Waiter, bring me a bottle of beer please.

40、cause, reason

cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接of sth./doing sth

reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being lat

41、chance, opportunity, occasion

chance多指偶然的机会,意外的机会,带有侥幸的意味。如:Even so, it was a lucky chance that he could do it.(即使如此,那也是他凭着侥幸才做到这点。)

opportunity主要指能够去做某事,尤其是达到自己目的,实现某种愿望的好机会。如:You should make the most of your opportunities of seeing the country and learning the language.(你应该尽量利用你的机会去看看这个国家,学习它的语言。)

occasion主要指“时机”,“场合”,也含有“机会”的意思。如:The flags are hung out on the occasion of the National Day.(每逢国庆节,国旗都悬持出来了。)

42、childish, childlike

childish幼稚的。如:It was very childish of him to lose his temper over something so unimportant.

childlike孩子般天真的。如:When she won the gold medal, there was childlike smile on her face.

43、cloth, clothing

cloth布。如:I need three yards of cloth to make a suit.

clothing衣服(总称)。如:You’d better give all the old clothing away.

44、compare…with; compar…to; compared with/to

? compare…with意为“把……与……相比”,侧重指两者间的区别。

如:Compare this car with that one, and you will find the differences between them.

把这辆汽车与那辆汽车相比较,你就会发现它们之间的区别。

? compare…to…意为“把……比作……”,着重注意两者间的相似点。如:

This song compares our country to a big family.这首歌把我们的国家比作一个大家庭。

? compare既可以单独用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作不及物动词时,以compare with…形式出现,表示“与……相比”。如:

Living here can’t compare with living in Shanghai.在这儿生活不能和在上海(生活)相比。

If you compare the two words, you can tell the difference between them.

如果你比较这两个单词,你就会辨别出它们之间的不同。

? compared with…和compared to…都可用作状语,意义基本相同,可互换。如:

Compared to/with him, you are lucky.与他相比,你是幸运的。

It was a small town then, compared to/with what it is now.和现在比起来,那时它还是个小镇。

45、compose, consist, constitute

compose为常用词,常用被动语态,如用主动语态,主语应用复数形式。如:Twelve men compose a jury.(十二人组成陪审团。)

consist表一个整体由几个部分组成(只能用主动语态)。如:The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Island.(联合王国是由大不列颠及北爱尔兰组成。)

constitute为正式用词,与consist相反,表由哪些部分构成整体。如:Twelve months constitute a year.(一年有十二个月。)

47、 consistent, constant, continual, continuous

consistent一致的,符合的。如:His action is always consistent with his words.

constant不断的,表示持续和惯常的重现,往往没有变化。如:He attributes his health to his constant exercise.

continual频频的,不停的,时断时续,中间可有间歇。如:Continual smoking is bad for health.

continuous不断延伸的,连续不断的,强调中间无间断。如:Everything in the universe undergoes continuous development and change.

48、cost/take/spend/pay

cost (vt.)花费:指花费金钱、劳力和时间。主语通常是事或物,可跟双宾语。

take (vt.) 花费:指花费时间。主语通常是一件事,也可以跟双宾语。

spend (vt.) 花费:指花费时间和金钱,主语总是人。可以形成spend…on sth./in doing sth. 结构。

pay (vt.&vi.) 付钱,后面可以跟双宾语,也可以当不及物动词使用,形成pay for sth.结构。比较:Electricity will cost more than it did last year.

It will take me two days to finish the work.

In the past few years the factory spent a lot of money improving its working conditions.

Dick’s uncle has to pay for his education as his father has come down in the world.

49、 crack, crash

crack(使)破裂,砸开。如:I can crack it, but I can’t break it. (我能把它弄裂,但不能把它弄破。)crash摔坏,坠毁。如:The plane crashed shortly after the take-off.(飞机起飞不久就坠毁了。)

50、 cure, treat

cure治愈,医治。如:The medicine will cure of your disease.(这药能治好你的病。)

cure表示治好,treat只表示“给……治病”。

51、 current, present

均可表“现在”,“目前”。

current强调在现阶段正在流行,通用,但不一定是最新的。如:current English (当代英语)

present为常用词,指现在正在通用的,在时间上比current的范围更窄。如:What’s your present address?(你现住址是哪里?)

52、 custom, habit

均可表习惯。

custom为正式用词,多指社团或人们的习惯行为方式。

habit为常用词,多指个人因多次重复而形成做某事的趋势或意愿。如:He has the bad habit of biting his nails.

(他有咬手指的坏习惯。)

53、 damage; destroy; ruin

这三个词都有“破坏;损坏”的意思,区别如下:

? damage意为“损坏、破坏”。它可用于表示损坏或破坏具体的物品,一般暗示损坏后价值或效益会降低,这种损坏是部分性的,通常指损坏的程度不那么严重,还可以修复再用。也可用于表示损坏抽象的东西,有时该词也用于借喻。如:

The car was not damaged badly in the accident, but five people were seriously hurt.

汽车在事故中损坏不严重,但却有五个人受了重伤。

Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness.长期生病使她的心脏受到轻度损伤。

What they said and did damaged the relations between the two countries.

他们的言行损害了这两个国家之间的关系。

Smoking has damaged his health badly.吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。

? damage还可用作可数或不可数名词。如:

The earthquake did a lot of damages to the city.这场地震给这座城市带来了巨大的破坏。

? destroy意为“破坏;摧毁;消灭;毁灭”,通常指程度非常严重的“毁坏”,一般情况下不可以修复再用。另外,它既可表示毁坏具体的物品,也可表示毁坏抽象的东西。如:

The big fire destroyed the whole house.这场大火把整座房子都烧毁了。

The rain will ruin the crops.这雨会把庄稼毁掉的。

I was ruined by that law case; I'm a ruined man 我被那场官司毁了,我破产了。

54、dependent, independent

dependent依赖的,依靠的(on, upon)。如:Success is dependent on your hard work.

Independent 不依靠的,独立的(of)。如:John was independent of his parents when he was still a child.

55、discover, invent

discover发现。如:A coal mine has been discovered in that area.

invent发明,创造。如:A kind of toothbrush has been invented to relieve toothache.

56、doubt/suspect

doubt意为怀疑某事是不可能或不真实的,肯定句中常跟whether或if引出的宾语从句,否定句和疑问句常跟that 引出的宾语从句。翻译成“不相信”比较恰当。而suspect意为怀疑或认为某件事是真的。常跟that引起的宾语从句。翻译成“猜想…是真的”比较恰当。试比较:

I doubt whether he is a genius.

我看他未必是个天才。

Do you doubt that he is a genius?

你怀疑他是个天才吗?

I suspect that he is a genius.

我猜想他是个天才。

57、effective, efficient

均可表示“有效的”。

effective常用以指物,强调能产生某种预期的效果。如:effective medicine, effective method等。

efficient“效率高的”,“有能力的”,用以指人或物,着重有效地利用时间、精力并取得预期效果。如:The German telephone system is highly efficient. (德国的电话系统效率很高。)

58、economic, economical

economic经济(学)的。如:the economic doctrines of Ricardo(李嘉图的经济学说)

economical节约的,节俭的。如:He is economical of money and time.

59、 electric, electrical, electronic

三词都与电有关

electric着重于发电的,电动的或导电的。如:electric generator(发电机);electric light(电灯)

electrical多指本身不产生电,但是与电有关的。如:electrical engineering(电机工程);an electrical transcription(广播唱片)

electronic 电子的,电子操作的。如:electronic engineering(电子工程学)

60、emergence, emergency

emergence是emerge的名词形式。

Emergency意为“紧急情况”,“突然事件”。

61、everyday, every day

everyday每日的,日常的(作定语)。如:This morning exercise has become my everyday routine.

every day每天(作状语)。如:She gets up early every day.

62、 endure, bear, stand, tolerate, withstand

都表忍受,忍耐。

bear忍受,容忍,指忍受使人悲痛、烦恼或痛苦的事情。如:It is hard to bear to be laughed at.(被人取笑是难以忍受的。)

endure忍耐,书面语,指长时间经受痛苦而不屈服。如:It takes patience to endure hardships. 忍受苦难需要耐力。)

stand忍受,与bear同义,但较口语化。如:She can’t stand having noth ing to do.(没事干,她受不了。)tolerate容忍,容许,指自我克制的态度,对于令人反感的事没有任何抗议。如:I can’t tolerate him if he goes on like that. (他如果继续这样下去的话,我决不会容忍他。)

mistake指判断或理解方面,或指因考虑不周而造成的错误,搭配是make a mistake。

fault表示“过失”,可与error通用,现多用来指缺点,特指缺乏某要素因而不完美。如:There is a fault in this machine.(这台机器有一处毛病。)构成短语 find fault with挑剔,找毛病。

shortcoming 缺点,可指人或事物的本质上不足之处(常用复数)。如:In spite of his shortcomings, I still like him.(尽管他缺点多,我仍然喜欢他。)

64、especially, particularly, specially

均可表“特别地”。

especially一般表示某事物在意义、程度、重要性性超过其他事物。如:I love Italy, especially in summer.

(我喜欢意大利,尤其在夏天。)

particularly往往着重说明与同类事物不同的个别事物。如:The visitors admired his paintings, but particularly the portrait of his daughter.(来访者赞赏他所有的绘画,特别是他女儿的画像。)

specially 多表示“专门地”,“为特别目的的地”,如表“不寻常”,“过分”等,可与especially通用。如:

I made chocolate cake specially for you.(我特地为你做了巧克力蛋糕。)

65、fast, quickly

fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点,quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly

66、fit/suit

两者都是及物动词,表示“适合”。他们的区别在于,前者指的是尺寸大小的适合;而后者表示的是样式、风格、程度的适合。例如:

This straw hat does not fit me; it’s too big.

Her blue coat suits her fair skin.

67、formally, formerly

formally正式地。如:We were required to dress formally for the party.

formerly从前。如:Formerly he worked in a factory, but now he is a teacher.

68、gaze, stare, glance, glimpse

都与“看”有关。

gaze“凝视”,强调由于惊奇、兴趣,目不转睛地注视。

Stare强调由于好奇、害怕或无意地睁大眼睛盯着看看。

glare“怒视”,是凶狠地含有威胁地盯着看。

glimpse“一瞥”,是短暂而急促地看,含有意地匆匆地看一眼,现多用作名词。

[注意]一般表示“看”的单词大多同at搭配构成短,但glimpse却有catch (have) a glimpse of这一搭配。69、hanged, hung

hang, hanged, hanged吊死。如:He hanged himself when he failed.

Hang, hung, hung悬挂。如:His pictures were hung in the museum.

70、hard, hardly

hard努力地。如:Take it easy. You’ve been worki ng too hard.

hardly几乎不,简直不。如:The children can hardly wait to hear the news

71、home, house

home家。如:East or west, home is best.

House房子,住宅。如:Our new house is quite near the station.

72、equal, equivalent, identical, same

皆含相同,相等之意。

equal相同的,相等的,特指“数量,价值等”相同。如:Their ages are equal.

equivalent相等的,特指“价值,效力,意义”等相同的。如:This sentence is equivalent to that.

identical相同的,相等的,侧重于某一细节上完全相同。如:She wore the identical dress on both occasions.

identical相同的,相等的,侧重于某一细节上完全相同。如:She wore the identical dress on both occasion.

(她在两种场合穿同样的衣服。)

都是与想象有关的形容词。

imaginable可以想象得到的。如:This is the only solution imaginable.(这是惟一想得出的解决办法。)imaginary假想的,虚构的。如:an imaginary character in a story(故事里的虚构人物)

imaginative富于想象力力的。如:an imaginative artist(想像力丰定的艺术家)

75、in the way; in a way; in no way; on the way

? in the way 意为“挡道;妨碍(某人)”。如:

Tell the boy not to stand in the way.叫那个男孩别挡道碍事。

? in a way 意为“用某种方法(做某事)”。名词way前面常有形容词或this/that修饰。如:

He worked out the problem in a simple way.他用简单的方法算出了这道题。

In this way over several days the artist and his mouse became good friends.

就这样一连过了好几天,艺术家和他的老鼠成了好朋友。

注意:如果in a way单独使用,way前不加任何修饰语,意为“在某种程度上;在某些方面(某一点上)”。如: The article is well written in a way.从某种程度上来说,这篇文章写得不错。? in no way 意为“决不;一点也不”,常用来加强语气。如:

They are in no way similar to each other.他们毫无相似之处。

? on the way 意为“在途中”,其后常接to,表示“在去某地或做某事的路上”。如:

He lost his ticket on the way to the cinema.他在去电影院的路上把票弄丢了。

76、indifferent, different

indifferent冷漠的,不关心的,同to搭配。如:He was indifferent to his personal appearance.(他从前不注意自己的外表。)

different跟……不一样,同from搭配。如:This book is different from that one.(这本书跟那本不一样。)77、industrial, industrious

industrial工业的,产业的。如:Italy is becoming an industrial nation.(意大利逐步成为工业国。)industrious勤劳的,勤奋的。如:He is an industrious student.(他是个用功的学生。)

78、influence, effect

都有“影响”之意。

influence可作动词、名词,指对某人的思想行为、性格等产生影响。如:She was influenced by her middle school teachers.(她受中学时的老师影响。)

effect用作动词意为“造成”,“产生”,用作名词强调由于影响而产生特殊效果。如:The effects of the medicine are very good.(药效很好。)

79、last, latest, final, ultimate

last最后的,与first相对,还可指“上一次的”。如:My seat is in the last row.

latest最近的,指时间上。如:the latest news(最新消息)

final最后的,指在一系列的事物中是最后的,而且是结论性的,决定性的。如:The judgment has become final.

(这已是最后的判断。)

ultimate 最终的,最后的,用于正式场合,含有最高的和最有权威的结果。如:He never considered the ultimate result of his action.(他从未考虑其行为的后果。)

80、late; lately; later; latest

? late可作形容词或副词,意为“迟(的);晚(的)”。如: He often comes late for school.他上学常迟到。 They were late for the film.他们看电影迟到了。

? lately是副词,意为“最近;近来”相当于recently,常与现在完成时连用。如: I haven’t heard from him lately.我最近没收到他的来信。

? later为late的比较级,意为“较迟的(地)”。另外,还可用作副词,意为“后来”。如: He goes home later than anybody.他回家比谁都晚。 See you later.回头见。

? latest为late的最高级,意为“最迟的(地)”;也相当于newest,意为“最新的”。如: I go to bed latest in the family.我是家里睡觉最迟的。 Here is the latest news from a broad.下面是来自国外的最新消息。

lie(躺) lay lain lying

lie(说谎) lied, lied lying

lay (放置) laid laid laying

例如:

Mr. Brown lay down to take a rest.

He laid his hand on my shoulder.

82、literal, literary, literate

literal文字上的,字面的。如:a literal interpretation of a passage(对一段文章的字面解释)

literary文学的。如:literary works(文学作品)

literary有文化的(反义词是illiterate),如:people applying for the job should be computer literate.

(申请这份工作的人应会使用电脑。)

83、much, very

都可表示“很”。

much用来修饰动词意义很强的过去分词;very一般修饰形容词或已失去动作意义的过去分词。

一些只作表语的形容词,一般多用much修饰。

very much是much的加强语,因此,能用much的地方,都能用very much。

修饰形容词原级用very,修饰比较级用much。

much可修饰名词,very不能。

84、occur/happen/take place/break out

均表示“发生”。

以上各词均是不及物动词,因此不可接宾语。但可以用作:sth. occur to sb.或者sth .happen to sb。但两者的意思有所不同,sth occur to sb. 或者it occurs to sb that…的意思是“某人想到了…例如:

The possibility that she might be wrong never occurred to him.

Didn’t it occur to you that your husband might be late?

happen to的意思是“某人遇到/被卷入…”例如:

A traffic accident happened to Tom last night.

A strange thing happened to me on my way home yesterday.

注意:英语中表示出现的词,如:appear, emerge, turn up, show up等也都是不及物动词,而在汉语中,表示上述两种意思的词有时候可以跟宾语,而英语中是不可以的。例如:

我的家乡发生了很大变化。

译文:Many changes have taken place in my hometown.

on the way, in the way

on the way在前往…的路上,in the way挡路 The chair is in the way.

85、one another;each other

? 两者均表示“互相;彼此”,为代词,仅作动词或介词的宾语,不作其它成分。两者虽可换用,但each other 多用于两者之间的关系,one another多用于三者或三者以上之间的情况。例如: We both see each other at the office every day.我们俩每天在办公室碰面。 The six blind men couldn’t agree with one another.这六个瞎子各执己见。 They hate each other/one another.他们互相憎恨。

86、out of question, out of the question

out of question毫无疑问的,out of the question不可能的

66.

87、persist, insist

persist坚持,后面常接介词in。如:He persisted in carrying on his work in spite of great fatigue.(他虽然疲倦极了,可仍坚持工作。)

insist坚持,后面接介词on,也可直接连用that引导的名词从句。如:He insisted on my going there with him.

(He insisted that I should go there with him.)

88、persuade sb.to do sth.; advise sb.to do sth.; try to persuade sb.to do sth.

She advised her parents to give up smoking, but they wouldn’t listen.她劝她的父母戒烟,但他们不愿听。

? try to persuade sb.to do sth.意为“尽力说服某人干某事”,相当于advise sb.to do sth。如:

I tried to persuade him to continue his study, but I failed.我尽力劝他继续学习,但没有成功。

89、prefer…to…;prefer to… rather than…

? 两个动词短语均可作“喜欢……而不喜欢……”或“宁愿……而不愿……”解,其后均可接名词。例如: I prefer volleyball to basketball(=I prefer to volleyball rather than basketball).我喜欢排球而不喜欢篮球。

? 主要区别在于:prefer…to…之后接动词时,均用-ing形式。例如: He prefers walking to cycling.他宁愿步行而不愿骑自行车。

? 而prefer to…rather than…之后接动词时,均要用动词原形。例如: Liu Hulan preferred to die rather than surrender before the enemy.刘胡兰在敌人面前宁死不屈。 Xiao Wu prefers to work rather than sit idle.小吴喜欢工作而不喜欢闲坐。

90、preserve, conserve, reserve

preserve坚持,后面常接介词in。如:The ship is equipped with special refrigerating devices to preserve food for the whole voyage.(船上设有特殊冷藏设备,在整个航程中保存食物。)

conserve保存,储藏,强调采取措施精心保护某物,防止不必要的浪费,损失或变化。如:He is conserving his energy for the last twenty-meter dash.(他正在为最后20米冲刺保存实力。)

reserve留存(在资金,人力,原料等),保留(权力等)。如:Reserve enough money for your home fare.(留足你回家的路费。)

91、probable, possible, likely

probable很可能的,大概的,语气较possible强。如:It is probable that the cost will be greater than we think.(花费很可能比我们料想的要多。)

possible强调客观上可能性,但常带有“实际可能性很小”的暗示。如:It’s possible, though not probable, that he will accept these terms. (他有可能接受这些条件,但希望很小。)

likely暗示从表面迹象来判断“有可能的”。如:It is likely that he will come.(他多半会来。)

92、realize/recognize/identify

realize的意思是“认识到,实现”。recognize的意思是“认出”。identify的意思是“辨认”。例如:Does he realize his error yet?

We must work hard to realize the plan.

He recognized his long lost brother at a glance.

I recognized his voice through telephone though we have not seen for many years.

Can you identify your own baggage among the hundreds of others?

93、respectable, respected, respectful, respective

都是形容词。

respectable可尊敬的,值得尊重的。如:His parents were poor but respectable.(他父母虽穷却令人尊敬。)respected表示受人尊敬的,可用于对年长的人,权威性的意见等。

respectful指“充满敬意的”,是主动性的尊重他人。如:The students were very respectful towards the great man.(这些学生对这位伟人十分敬仰。)

respective表“各自分别的”,修饰名词时,名词一般用复数。如:They went back to their respective houses.

(他们回了各自的家。)

94、say, speak, talk, tell

say着重所说的话,可用作及物动词,带宾语从句。

Speak着重开口发声,不着重所说的内容,一般作不及物动词,用作及物动词,宾语只能是某种语言等少数几个名词,不能接that从句。

Talk表示通过谈话方式交换意见、思想、消息等,一般只作不及物动词。

Tell表示告诉,有时兼含“嘱咐”,“命令”等。Tell the truth说真话,tell a lie说谎,tell a story讲故事等为固定搭配。Tell是及物动词,但其后不跟that从句。

96、so,such

(1)so修饰形容词或副词;such修饰名词,

例如,My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。

He is such a boy.他是一个这样的孩子。

(2)so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词,其结构是“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”.

such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词,名词前可以有形容词作定语,其结构是“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”,“such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”,

.例如,He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.他是一个如此聪明的孩子。

It is such cold weather.这么冷的天气。(正)

It is so cold weather.(误)

They are such good students.他们是那么好的学生。(正)

They are so good students. (误)

(3)如果可数名词复数前有many,few或不可数名词前有much,little修饰,用so不用such.

例如,so many(如此多的);so few(如此少的)可以加可数名词复数

so much(如此多的);so little(如此少的)可以加不可数名词

97、sometime,sometimes,some time, some times

sometime:某一时间,某一时刻,可指将来时,也可指过去时

sometimes:有时,不时的

some time:一段时间

some times:几次,几倍

.例如,We’ll have a test sometime next month.下个月的某一时间,我们要进行一次测试。

Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.有时我们很忙,有时不忙。

He stayed in Beijing for some time last year.他去年在北京呆了一段时间。

I have been to Beijing some times.我去过北京好几次。

98、sometimes, some time, sometime, some times

词形相近,但意义和用法不同。

sometimes有时。如:I sometimes play tennis.(我有时打网球。)

some times有几次。如:I have been to the Great Wall for some times.(我去长城有好几次了。)

sometime某个时候,指过去或将来的不确定时间。如:I will buy a car sometime in the future.(将来我会买车的。)

some time一段时间。如:I have been a teacher for some time.(我当老师已有些年头了。)

99、submit, surrender, yield

都有“让步,屈服”之意。

submit表示“甘心忍受”,作及物动词时,宾语为反身代词,但一般为不及物动词,后接介词to 。

surrender“投降”,强调“被迫投降,压力很大”,是不及物动词,后接介词to;用作及物动词时,表因战败或被迫“交出”,“放弃”某些事物。

yield“投降”,与surrender 大致同义,但是指“温和的让步”。

100、free, vacant, empty

free空的,指清除了或缺少了某物,与of 或from连用。如:She is free from anxiety.(她无忧无虑。)She is free of him.(她摆脱了他。)

empty空的,指里面什么东西都没有。如:The case is empty.(这是个空箱子。)

vacant空闲的,指地方没有被占用。如:One day, man can make full use of vacant space.(将来,人们会充分利用浩瀚的天空。)

empty,vacant和相同的名词连用时,含义不同。如an empty house指房子里既无家具也无人,空荡荡的。而a vacant house指房子没有被人占用,里面可有家具,也可无家具。

2009年成人学位英语考试同义词近义词辨析108题(11)

Salary工资,指按月或年支付给脑力劳动者的工资。如:The family lives on his salary.(全家人靠他的工资生活。)

Wage工资,指定期支付给体力劳动者或临时工的工资,常用复数。如:He works at wages of ten dollars a week.

(他每周工资10美元。)

102、sit/seat/set

sit是不及物动词,意思是“坐”,又是不规则动词,变化形式为:sit, sat, sat.

seat是及物动词,意思是“使…坐”。例如:

The baby sits at the table.

The baby is seated at the table.

103、warn sb. of, warn sb. against

warn sb. of提醒某人注意某事,warn sb. against提醒某人不要做某事 warm him against swimming in that part of the river

104、weather, climate

weather一天内具体的天气状况,climate长期的气候状况 The climate here is not good for you.

105、work, job

二者均指工作。work不可数,job可数 a good job

106、wear, put on, dress

wear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等,可用进行时,dress接人,be dressed in, put on表动作 It's cold outside.

Put on your warm clothes.

107、worth, worthless, worthwhile, worthy

worth值……钱,值得……的。如:This house is worth a lot of money.(这房值很多钱。)The radio program is worth listening to. (这广播节目值得听。)

worthless无价值的,无用的(可作定语和表语,无比较级)。如:These stamps are worthless.(这些邮票无价值。)Don’t read worthless books.(不要读些没用的书。)

worthwhile值得的(可作定语和表语)。如:That is a worthwhile program.(那是一个值得听的节目。)So few movies are worthwhile nowadays.(当今有价值的电影很少。)

worthy(1)有价值的,可尊敬的(常作定语)。如:The teacher was a worthy man.(那位老师是可尊敬的人。)(2)值得的(常作表语)。如:The man is worthy of praise.(这人值得称赞。)它的动词句式是be worthy to be done (be worth doing).

108、zone, district, area, region, belt

zone地带,地区,区域,指某一特定的地方或区域。如:Most of China is in the temperate zone.(中国的大部分地区在温带。)

district区,行政区,指一国家或城市按行政区的划分。如:the economic development district(经济开放区)area面积,范围,一般用语,没有明确的外围界限,也可指占地面积。如:The factory covers an area of 500 mu.

(这工厂占地50亩。)

region地区,指较大范围内的区域,一般按自然条件和自身特点划分。如:an autonomous region(自治区)belt地带,通常指狭长的地带。如:The northern part of the country is usually regarded as the wheat belt.

(这国家的北部通常被看作小麦种植地带。)

passenger n. 乘客

injury vt 损害,毁坏;伤害seatbelt n 安全带

at a speed of 以……的速度vehicle n 交通工具,车辆responsibility n 责任

reverse vt 倒车

collection n 收藏,征收court n 法庭,庭院

legal adj 法律的,合法的document n 文件

local adj 当地的,地方的deliver vt 递送;演讲invitation n 邀请intelligence n 智力

vary vt 改变,变化sharper n 磨具

mental adj 智力的,精神的favorable adj 成的

creative adj 创造性的

tend vi 趋向,往往是

trend n 趋势

lowest adj 最低的,最小的appear v 出现,看来

affect vt 影响

base vt 以……为基础

n 基础

increase v 增加,增长

decrease v 减少,降低

village n 村庄

set down 放下,制定community n 团体,社区typical adj 典型的

exist vi 存在,生存condition n 条件,情形common adj 普通的,共同的poverty n 贫穷

ignorance n 无知

puzzle vt (使)迷惑

n 迷,难题

suspicious(of) adj 怀疑的,可疑的political adj 政治的

journalist n 记者

share n&vt 分享,参与

plain n 平原,草原

adj 简单的,普通的

bumpy adj (道路)颠簸的

rough adj 粗糙的

climb vt 攀登,攀爬magnificent adj 华丽的,宏伟的suitable adj 适当的,合适的search v&n 搜寻,查究

for prep 为了,因为,对于,适合于 conj 因为

confuse vt 使糊涂

dismiss vt 解散,开除publication n 出版,出版物peaceful adj 和平的,平静的situate vt使位于,使处于(常用于被动)reward n 报酬,酬劳

scale n 比例,范围

create vt 创造

prospect n 前景

provide vt 提供exchange vt 交换,交易

issue n 问题

vt 发行

circulation n 循环,流通individual n 个人,个体

adj 个别的,单独的institution n 制度,协会overseas adj&adv 海外

originally adv 最初,原先stockbroker n 证券经纪人

seek v 寻找,探索

invest v 投资

industry n 工业,产业

function n 功能,作用

authority n 权威,权力continuous adj 连续的,持续的national adj 国家的,国立(有)的properly adv 适当地,完全地frequently adv 频繁地

involve vt 包括,潜心于

rely v 依靠,信赖financial adj 财政的,金融的resources n 资源,财力,智谋depend on 依靠,依赖

obtain vt 获得,得到transfer vt 转移

essential adj 实质的,基本的,必须的arise vi 出现,发生audience n 观众,听众constant adj 不变的,恒常的characteristic adj 典型的 n 特征assume vt 假定

take … for granted 认为……理所当然schedule n 进度表

v 确定时间substance n 物质,实质mass n 大众,大量

swiftly adv 很快地,即刻rapidly adv 迅速地steadily adv 稳定地,有规则地hesitatingly adv 支支吾吾地,踌躇地boldly adv 大胆地

humble adj 卑微的,谦卑的establish vt 建立congress n (代表)大会flight n 飞行,飞机航班

inborn adj 天生的guidance n 指导,指南

direction n 方向

apparently adv 显然地

principal adj 主要的,首要的navigation n 航行

navigate v 航行

landmark n 地标,陆标

range n 山脉,范围course n 过程

recently adv 最近

brood n (动物中鸟或家禽的)一窝, 一伙unworthy adj 不值得的,不足取的respect n&vt 尊敬,尊重detail n 细节,详情action n 动作,行为,作用private adj 私人的,隐私的incident n (小)事件treasure n 珍宝

vt 珍视

silence n 寂静,沉默opportunity n 机会,机遇

participate vt 参与

disregard n&v 漠视,不理conversation n 交谈

former adj 先前的brilliant adj 有才气的,闪耀的charm n 魅力unproductive adj 徒然的,不起作用的annoyance n 厌烦,讨厌之事terribly adv 可怕地,十分

bore vt 使厌烦

outstand v 突出

take delight in 从……获得乐趣enthusiasm n 热情

bet n&v 打赌

rough adj 粗糙的

pay attention to 注意……

skill n 技巧,技能

plate n 盘子

humor n 幽默,诙谐

temper n 脾气,性情

canned adj 罐装的

bake v 烘焙,烤

doorstep n 门阶

canteen n 食堂

pursue vt 追求,继续,从事train vt 培训

n 火车occupation n 职业,占有choice n 选择acquire vt 获得,学到economic adj 经济的,经济学的independence n 独立,自主textile n 纺织品customary adj 习惯的,惯例的widespread adj 普遍的,分布广泛的double adj 双倍的,双重的 v (使)加倍substantial adj 实质的,真实的wage n 工资

dominant adj 占优势的advantage n 有利条件,优势accrue vi 自然增加,产生necessity n 必要性dominant adj 占优势的profound adj 深刻的,意义深远的enormous adj 巨大的,庞大的unfit adj 不适宜的,不适当的research n&v 研究,调查relate vt 讲述,使联系liable adj 有责任的,有义务的contract n 合同characteristic adj 典型的

n 特征

nitrate n 硝酸盐commonly adj 普通地,一般地preserve vt 保护,保持additive adj 附加的

n 添加剂

carcinogenic adj 致癌物(质)的package n 包裹,包

label n 标签

vt 贴标签,分类

process n 过程

vt 处理,加工penicillin n 青霉素domestic adj 家庭的,驯养的penicillin n 青霉素medicinal adj 医学的,医药的purpose n 目的,意图

drug n 药,毒品

procedure n 程序,手续virtually adv 事实上,实际上

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