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供应链管理 第三版 Unit1 习题与答案

供应链管理 第三版 Unit1 习题与答案
供应链管理 第三版 Unit1 习题与答案

Chapter 1

Understanding the Supply Chain

True/False

1. A supply chain includes only the organizations directly involved in supplying

components needed for manufacturing.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Moderate

2. A supply chain consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, in fulfilling a

customer request.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Moderate

3. A supply chain could be more accurately described as a supply network or

supply web.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Moderate

4. The objective of every supply chain is to maximize the overall value generated.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Easy

5. The objective of every supply chain is to maximize the value generated for the

manufacturing component of the supply chain.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Moderate

6. Every supply chain must include all 5 stages.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Easy

7. The cycle view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chain are

divided into a series of activities performed at the interface between successive stages.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Moderate

8. The cycle view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chain are

divided into 2 categories depending on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customer orders.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Moderate

9. The push/pull view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chain

are divided into 2 categories depending on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customer orders.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Easy

10. The push/pull view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chain

are divided into a series of activities performed at the interface between

successive stages.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Easy

11. The objective of the customer arrival process is to maximize the conversion of

customer arrivals to customer orders.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Moderate

12. The objective of the customer arrival process is to ensure that orders are quickly

and accurately entered and communicated to other affected supply chain

processes.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Moderate

13. The objective of customer order entry is to ensure that orders are quickly and

accurately entered and communicated to other affected supply chain processes.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Moderate

14. The objective of customer order entry is to maintain a record of product receipt

and complete payment.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Hard

15. The replenishment cycle occurs at the retailer/distributor interface.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Hard

16. The replenishment cycle occurs at the distributor/manufacturer interface.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Hard

17. The replenishment cycle is initiated when a supermarket runs out of stock of a

particular item.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Hard

18. The replenishment cycle is initiated when customers load items intended for

purchase into their carts.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Hard

19. The manufacturing cycle occurs at the distributor/manufacturer interface.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Moderate

20. The manufacturing cycle occurs at the manufacturer/supplier interface.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Moderate

21. The production scheduling process in the manufacturing cycle is similar to the

order entry process in the replenishment cycle.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Hard

22. The production scheduling process in the manufacturing cycle is similar to the

order fulfillment process in the replenishment cycle.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Hard

23. The procurement cycle occurs at the manufacturer/supplier interface.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Easy

24. The procurement cycle occurs at the retailer/distributor interface.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Easy

25. The cycle view of the supply chain is useful when considering operational

decisions, because it specifies the roles and responsibilities of each member of the supply chain.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Moderate

26. The cycle view of the supply chain is useful when considering operational

decisions, because it categorizes processes based on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customer orders.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Moderate

27. The push/pull view of the supply chain is useful when considering strategic

decisions relating to supply chain design, because it categorizes processes

based on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customer orders.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Moderate

28. The push/pull view of the supply chain is useful when considering strategic

decisions relating to supply chain design, because it specifies the roles and

responsibilities of each member of the supply chain.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Moderate

29. Pull processes may also be referred to as reactive processes.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Easy

30. Pull processes may also be referred to as speculative processes.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Easy

31. Push processes may also be referred to as speculative processes.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Easy

32. Push processes may also be referred to as reactive processes.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Easy

33. All supply chain activities within a firm belong to one of three macro processes –

CRM, ISCM and SRM.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Easy

34. There is a close connection between the design and management of supply

chain flows and the success of a supply chain.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Easy

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following is not a stage within a typical supply chain?

a. Customers

b. Retailers

c. Wholesalers/Distributors

d. Manufacturers

e. All of the above are stages within a typical supply chain.

Answer: e

Difficulty: Easy

2. Which of the following is not a stage within a typical supply chain?

a. Customers

b. Retailers

c. Wholesalers/Distributors

d. Merchandisers

e. Component/Raw material suppliers

Answer: d

Difficulty: Easy

3. Supply chain profitability is

a. not correlated to the value generated by the various stages of the supply

chain.

b. the total profit to be shared across all supply chain stages.

c. the difference between the revenue generated from the customer and the

overall cost across the supply chain.

d. the total revenue generated by the distributor stage of the supply chain.

e. b and c only

Answer: e

Difficulty: Difficult

4. Successful supply chain management requires which of the following decision

phases?

a. supply chain strategy/design

b. supply chain planning

c. supply chain operation

d. all of the above

e. a and b only

Answer: d

Difficulty: Moderate

5. The decision phases in a supply chain include

a. production scheduling.

b. customer relationship management.

c. supply chain operation.

d. supply chain orientation.

e. all of the above

Answer: c

Difficulty: Moderate

6. The cycle view of a supply chain holds that

a. the processes in a supply chain are divided into 2 categories.

b. the processes in a supply chain are divided into a series of activities

performed at the interface between successive stages.

c. all processes in a supply chain are initiated in response to a customer

order.

d. all processes in a supply chain are performed in anticipation of customer

orders.

e. None of the above are true.

Answer: b

Difficulty: Moderate

7. The push/pull view of a supply chain holds that

a. the processes in a supply chain are divided into a series of activities

performed at the interface between successive stages.

b. all processes in a supply chain are initiated in response to a customer

order.

c. all response in a supply chain are performed in anticipation of customer

orders.

d. the processes in a supply chain are divided into 2 categories depending

on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customer

orders.

e. None of the above are true.

Answer: d

Difficulty: Moderate

8. Which of the following is not a cycle in the supply chain cycle view?

a. Analysis cycle

b. Customer order cycle

c. Replenishment cycle

d. Manufacturing cycle

e. Procurement cycle

Answer: a

Difficulty: Moderate

9. Which of the following is not a cycle in the supply chain cycle view?

a. Customer order cycle

b. Replenishment cycle

c. Manufacturing cycle

d. Procurement cycle

e. All of the above are part of the supply chain cycle view.

Answer: e

Difficulty: Moderate

10. The customer order cycle occurs at the

a. customer/retailer interface.

b. retailer/distributor interface.

c. distributor/manufacturer interface.

d. manufacturer/supplier interfac

e.

e. none of the above

Answer: a

Difficulty: Easy

11. Which of the following is not a process in the customer order cycle?

a. Customer arrival

b. Customer qualification

c. Customer order entry

d. Customer order fulfillment

e. Customer order receiving

Answer: b

Difficulty: Moderate

12. Customer arrival refers to

a. the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes a

decision regarding a purchase.

b. the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and the

retailer allocating product to the customer.

c. the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.

d. the process where the customer receives the product and takes

ownership.

e. none of the above

Answer: a

Difficulty: Moderate

13. The objective of the customer arrival process is to

a. get the correct orders to customers by the promised due date at the

lowest possible cost.

b. maintain a record of product receipt and complete payment.

c. maximize the conversion of customer arrivals to customer orders.

d. ensure that orders are quickly and accurately entered and communicated

to other affected supply chain processes.

e. none of the above

Answer: c

Difficulty: Easy

14. Customer order entry is

a. the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes a

decision regarding a purchase.

b. the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and the

retailer allocating product to the customer.

c. the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.

d. the process where the customer receives the product and takes

ownership.

e. none of the above

Answer: b

Difficulty: Moderate

15. The objective of customer order entry is to

a. get the correct orders to customers by the promised due date at the

lowest possible cost.

b. maintain a record of product receipt and complete payment.

c. maximize the conversion of customer arrivals to customer orders.

d. ensure that orders are quickly and accurately entered and communicated

to other affected supply chain processes.

e. none of the above

Answer: d

Difficulty: Easy

16. Customer order fulfillment refers to

a. the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes a

decision regarding a purchase.

b. the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and the

retailer allocating product to the customer.

c. the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.

d. the process where the customer receives the product and takes

ownership.

e. none of the above

Answer: c

Difficulty: Moderate

17. The objective of customer order fulfillment is to

a. get the correct orders to customers by the promised due date at the

lowest possible cost.

b. maintain a record of product receipt and complete payment.

c. maximize the conversion of customer arrivals to customer orders.

d. ensure that orders are quickly and accurately entered and communicated

to other affected supply chain processes.

e. none of the above

Answer: a

Difficulty: Easy

18. Customer order receiving is

a. the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes a

decision regarding a purchase.

b. the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and the

retailer allocates product to the customer.

c. the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.

d. the process where the customer receives the product and takes

ownership.

e. none of the above

Answer: d

Difficulty: Moderate

19. The replenishment cycle occurs at the

a. customer/retailer interface.

b. retailer/distributor interface.

c. distributor/manufacturer interface.

d. manufacturer/supplier interfac

e.

e. none of the above

Answer: b

Difficulty: Easy

20. The processes involved in the replenishment cycle include

a. retail order receiving.

b. retail order entry.

c. retail order trigger.

d. retail order fulfillment.

e. all of the above

Answer: e

Difficulty: Moderate

21. The processes included in the replenishment cycle include all of the following

except

a. retail order receiving.

b. retail order entry.

c. retail order trigger.

d. retail order fulfillment.

e. none of the above

Answer: e

Difficulty: Moderate

22. The processes included in the replenishment cycle include

a. order arrival.

b. production scheduling.

c. retail trigger.

d. manufacturing.

e. receiving.

Answer: c

Difficulty: Moderate

23. The replenishment cycle is initiated when

a. the customer walks into the supermarket.

b. the customer calls a mail order telemarketing center.

c. customers load items intended for purchase into their carts.

d. a supermarket runs out of stock of a particular item.

e. a product is received into stock at a store.

Answer: d

Difficulty: Hard

24. The manufacturing cycle occurs at the

a. customer/retailer interface.

b. retailer/distributor interface.

c. distributor/manufacturer interface.

d. manufacturer/supplier interfac

e.

e. none of the above

Answer: c

Difficulty: Easy

25. The processes involved in the manufacturing cycle include

a. receiving.

b. manufacturing and shipping.

c. production scheduling.

d. order arrival.

e. all of the above

Answer: e

Difficulty: Moderate

26. The processes involved in the manufacturing cycle include

a. order trigger.

b. production scheduling.

c. order fulfillment.

d. order entry.

e. manufacturing order analysis.

Answer: b

Difficulty: Moderate

27. The production scheduling process in the manufacturing cycle is similar to the

a. order receiving process in the replenishment cycle.

b. order fulfillment process in the replenishment cycle.

c. order entry process in the replenishment cycle.

d. order trigger process in the replenishment cycl

e.

e. none of the above

Answer: c

Difficulty: Hard

28. The manufacturing and shipping process in the manufacturing cycle is equivalent

to the

a. order receiving process in the replenishment cycle.

b. order fulfillment process in the replenishment cycle.

c. order entry process in the replenishment cycle.

d. order trigger process in the replenishment cycl

e.

e. none of the above

Answer: b

Difficulty: Hard

29. The procurement cycle occurs at the

a. customer/retailer interface.

b. retailer/distributor interface.

c. distributor/manufacturer interface.

d. manufacturer/supplier interfac

e.

e. none of the above

Answer: d

Difficulty: Easy

30. The relationship between the manufacturer and supplier during the procurement

cycle is very similar to the relationship between

a. customer and retailer.

b. retailer and distributor.

c. retailer and manufacturer.

d. distributor and manufacturer.

e. manufacturer and customer.

Answer: d

Difficulty: Moderate

31. The cycle view of the supply chain is useful when considering operational

decisions, because

a. it categorizes processes based on whether they are initiated in response

to or in anticipation of customer orders.

b. it specifies the roles and responsibilities of each member of the supply

chain.

c. processes are identified as either reactive or speculative.

d. it focuses on processes that are external to the firm.

e. it focuses on processes that are internal to the firm.

Answer: b

Difficulty: Hard

32. The push/pull view of the supply chain is useful when considering strategic

decisions relating to supply chain design, because

a. it categorizes processes based on whether they are initiated in response

to or in anticipation of customer orders.

b. it specifies the roles and responsibilities of each member of the supply

chain.

c. it clearly defines the processes involved and the owners of each process.

d. it focuses on processes that are external to the firm.

e. it focuses on processes that are internal to the firm.

Answer: a

Difficulty: Hard

33. Which of the following statements about pull processes is accurate?

a. May also be referred to as speculative processes.

b. Execution is initiated in anticipation of customer orders.

c. At the time of execution, demand must be forecast.

d. May also be referred to as reactive processes.

e. None of the above are accurate.

Answer: d

Difficulty: Easy

34. Which of the following is not an accurate statement about pull processes?

a. May also be referred to as speculative processes.

b. Execution is initiated in response to a customer order.

c. At the time of execution, demand is known with certainty.

d. May also be referred to as reactive processes.

e. All of the above are accurate.

Answer: a

Difficulty: Easy

35. Which of the following statements about push processes is accurate?

a. May also be referred to as speculative processes.

b. Execution is initiated in response to customer orders.

c. At the time of execution, demand is known with certainty.

d. May also be referred to as reactive processes.

e. None of the above are accurate.

Answer: a

Difficulty: Easy

36. Which of the following is not an accurate statement about push processes?

a. May also be referred to as speculative processes.

b. Execution is initiated in anticipation of customer orders.

c. At the time of execution, demand must be forecast.

d. May also be referred to as reactive processes.

e. All of the above are accurate.

Answer: d

Difficulty: Easy

37. Supply chain macro processes include which of the following?

a. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

b. Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM)

c. Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)

d. all of the above

e. none of the above

Answer: d

Difficulty: Easy

38. Supply chain macro processes include which of the following?

a. Internal Relationship Management (IRM)

b. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

c. External Relationship Management (ERM)

d. Supply Chain Relationship Management (SCRM)

e. none of the above

Answer: b

Difficulty: Moderate

39. Supply chain macro processes include which of the following?

a. Internal Relationship Management (IRM)

b. External Relationship Management (ERM)

c. Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)

d. Supply Chain Relationship Management (SCRM)

e. none of the above

Answer: c

Difficulty: Moderate

40. Activities involved in the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) macro

process include

a. planning of internal production and storage.

b. order fulfillment.

c. marketing.

d. supply planning.

e. demand planning.

Answer: c

Difficulty: Hard

41. Activities involved in the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) macro

process include all of the following except

a. demand planning.

b. marketing.

c. sales.

d. order management.

e. call center management.

Answer: a

Difficulty: Hard

42. Activities involved in the Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM) macro

process include

a. marketing.

b. order fulfillment.

c. sales.

d. order management.

e. call center management.

Answer: b

Difficulty: Hard

43. Activities involved in the Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM) macro

process include all of the following except

a. planning of internal production and storage.

b. order fulfillment.

c. supply planning.

d. demand planning.

e. order management.

Answer: e

Difficulty: Hard

44. Activities involved in the Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) macro

process include

a. planning of internal production and storage.

b. order fulfillment.

c. supply planning.

d. supplier evaluation and selection.

e. order management.

Answer: d

Difficulty: Moderate

45. Activities involved in the Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) macro

process include all of the following except

a. negotiation of supply terms.

b. design collaboration.

c. supply planning.

d. supplier evaluation and selection.

e. supply collaboration.

Answer: c

Difficulty: Hard

46. The phenomenal success of 7-Eleven Japan is attributed to

a. being in the right place at the right time.

b. its supply chain design and management ability.

c. having 9000 locations.

d. serving fresh food.

e. none of the above

Answer: b

Difficulty: Moderate

47. A key issue facing Toyota is

a. developing an internet marketing system.

b. whether to specialize in a particular market.

c. design of its global production and distribution network.

d. how to implement model changes.

e. all of the above

Answer: c

Difficulty: Hard

Essay/Problems

1. Explain the 3 decision phases (categories) that must be made in a successful

supply chain.

Answ er: The 3 decision phases that occur within a supply chain are supply chain strategy (or design), supply chain planning and supply chain operation. Decisions relate to the flow of information, product and funds. The difference between

categories depends upon the frequency of each decision and the time frame over which it has an impact. During the supply chain strategy phase, a company

determines what the chain’s configurations will be, how resources will be

allocated, and what processes each stage will perform. This will establish the

structure of the supply chain for several years. Supply chain planning deals with

decisions with a time frame from 3 months up to a year. The planning phase

must work within the constraints established in the strategy phase. Planning

decisions include which markets to supply from which locations, subcontracting

of manufacturing, inventory policies and timing and size of marketing promotions.

The supply chain operation phase operates on a weekly or daily time horizon and deals with decisions concerning individual customer orders.

Difficulty: Hard

2. Describe the cycle view of the processes within a supply chain.

Answ er: The cycle view divides the supply chain into a series of 4 cycles

between the 5 different stages of a supply chain. The cycles are the customer

order cycle, replenishment cycle, manufacturing cycle and procurement cycle.

The customer order cycle occurs at the customer/retailer interface and includes

all processes directly involved in receiving and filling the customer. The

replenishment cycle occurs at the retailer/distributor interface and includes all

processes involved in replenishing retailer inventory. The manufacturing cycle

typically occurs at the distributor/manufacturer (or retailer/manufacturer) interface and includes all processes involved in replenishing distributor (or retailer)

inventory. The procurement cycle occurs at the manufacturer/supplier interface

and includes all processes necessary to ensure that the materials are available

for manufacturing according to schedule.

Difficulty: Moderate

3. Explain the push/pull view of the processes within a supply chain.

Answ er: The push/pull view of the supply chain divides supply chain processes

into two categories based on whether they are executed in response to a

customer order or in anticipation of customer orders. Pull processes are initiated in response to a customer order. Push processes are initiated and performed in

anticipation of customer orders. The push/pull boundary separates push

processes from pull processes. This view is very useful when considering

strategic decisions relating to supply chain design, because it forces a more

global consideration of supply chain processes as they relate to the customer.

Difficulty: Moderate

4. Explain the three macro processes within a supply chain.

Answ er: All processes within a supply chain can be classified into three macro

processes which are Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Internal

Supply Chain Management (ISCM), and Supplier Relationship Management

(SRM). Customer Relationship Management (CRM) includes all processes that

focus on the interface between the firm and its customers such as marketing,

sales, call center management and order management. Internal Supply Chain

Management (ISCM) includes all processes that are internal to the firm such as

preparation of demand and supply plans, preparation of inventory management

policies, order fulfillment and planning of capacity. Supplier Relationship

Management (SRM) includes all processes that focus on the interface between a firm and its suppliers such as evaluation and selection of suppliers, negotiation of supply terms and communication regarding new products and orders.

Difficulty: Moderate

5. Explain why supply chain flows are important.

Answ er: Supply chain flows are important, because there is a close connection

between the design and management of supply chain flows (product, information, and cash) and the success of a supply chain. The success of many companies

can be directly traced to the design and management of an appropriate supply

chain. The failure of many businesses can be linked directly to their inability to

effectively design and manage supply chain flows.

Difficulty: Moderate

供应链管理的试题和答案

一、名词解释(每小题5分,共25分) 1.供应链 2.供应链管理 3.生产延迟 4.联合库存管理 5.ECR 二、填空题(每空3分,共30分) 1.供应链就是一个网链结构,由围绕核心企业的供应商、供应商的供应商与用户、用户的用户组成。其主要具有______、______、______与面向用户需求等特征。 2.在对供应链进行构建时应注意考虑________、________、________等方面的问题。 3.作业流程就是指进行一项或多项投入,以创造出顾客所认同的有价值产出的一系列活动。它可以分为________、________两部分。 4.所谓________,就就是向选定的若干个供应商发询价函,让它们报价,然后根据各个供应商的报价来选定供应商的方法。 5.从节点企业与节点企业之间关系的角度来考察,供应链网络结构主要包括链状结构、 ________、核心企业网状结构三种。 三、论述题(每小题12分,共24分) 1.请论述基于供应链的运输决策的要点有哪些? 2、供应链中需求变异放大产生的原因就是什么? 四、案例: 1、在快速响应用户需求的整个供应链上,产品分销环节的地位越来越重要。但就是,传统的分销与库存管理模式并不能满足这一要求。例如:在英国举办的98’供应链管理专题会议上,一位与会者提到,在她的欧洲日杂公司,从渔场码头得到原材料,经过加工、配送到产品的最终销售需要150天时间,而产品加工的整个过程仅仅需要45分钟。以美国食品业的麦片粥为例,产品从工厂到超级市场,途经一连串各有库房的批发商、分销商、集运人,居然要走上104天。 另有统计资料表明,在供应链的增值过程中,只有10%的活动时间就是产生增值的,其它90%的时间都就是浪费的。 请简述产生上述现象的原因并提供解决方案。(11分) 2、请阐述对供应链的理解。供应链有哪几种模式?U8与NC供应链分别就是在哪一个层次上工作?并描述二者的不同。(10分)

供应链管理习题答案

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