2015年寒假高二英语课程专题之一------动词时态语态
He tol
常用被动语态的构成
一般现在时am/is/are done 过去进行时was/were being done
一般过去时was/were done 现在完成时have/has been done
一般将来时shall/will be done 过去完成时had been done
过去将来时should/would be done 将来完成时will/would have been done 现在进行时am/is/are being done 含有情态动词的can/must/may be done
用法注意点
被动语态的句型
句型例句注意点
主语（受动者）＋be＋过去分词＋
（by＋施动者）
He was scolded by the English teacher.
主语＋get＋过去分词＋其它成分
The boy got drowned last summer.
She got fired because of her faults. 使用这种结构不能带有“by+施动者”
带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为被动句She lent me a bike. 被动：
①I was lent a bike(by her).
②A bike was lent to me(by her).
其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以
是间接宾语。
情态动词＋be＋过去分词
This problem must be worked out in
half an hour.
双重被动式：主语＋被动式谓语＋不定式的被动式＋其它成分These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room.
主动表示被动的几种情况
不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词有：cut,sell,read,write, fill,cook,lock,wash等。This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。
These books sell well.这些书好卖。
The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。Meat won’t k eep long in such hot weather.
肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。
The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。
一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look,smel l,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out 等。The apples taste good.这些苹果尝起来味道不错。
The flower smells wonderful.这花闻起来很不错。
The news proved/turned out true.这消息后来证明时真的。Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来很软。
主语+need/want/require表示需要被……的
时候，常用动名词的主动式表示被动或用不定式的被动式。The car needs repairing.=The car needs to be repaired. 这车需要修理。
be worth doing表示某事值得去做。The Great Wall is worth visiting.长城值得一游。
不可变为被动语态的几种情况
不可变为被动的特别句举例原因
I teach myself French. 反身代词不可作主语
We help each other/one another. 相互代词不可作主语
He lost heart.
lose heart,make a face,keep silence这类动宾结构的固定短语只能
用于主动式，不能用被动式。
She took part in the sports meet.
take part in, belong to, own, have, hate, fail, contain等表状态动词
虽然是及物动词但是没有被动语态。
常用被动语态的固定句型
It is believed/said/reported/hoped/supposed that…据信/据说/据报道/人们希望/人们认为……
It must be pointed out that…必须指出……It is generally considered that…一般认为……It is well known that…大家都知道……It must be admitted that…必须承认……
其它
含有短语动词在被动语态中介词不能丢Much attention must be paid to your handwriting.
特别注意以下句子的结构：
Every minute must be made full use of to study Englsih.
容易误用为被动语态的动词（短语）leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out,
come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart
历年高考考查的时态涉及了12种。
对一般现在时的考查
①Planning so far ahead _____ no sense—so many things will have changed by next year..
A. made
B. is making
C. makes
D. has made
【解析】答案为C。前句表示现在的情况make no sense，后句表示到将来会产生的后果will have changed。一般现在时表示主语的特征或状态。is making和has made
表示具体的动作过程，故不选。因此选C项。句意：计划这么超前毫无意义——
到明年许多事情会发生变化的。
②Look at the pride on Tom’s face. He _______ to have been praised by the manager just now.
A. seemed
B. seems
C. had seemed
D. is seeming 【解析】答案为B。look at祈使句交代的时间是现在，seem表心理判断，没有进行时态，故选B。句意：看Tom脸上骄傲的表情，他似乎刚才受到了经理的表扬。
对现在进行时的考查
①—I hear you ______ in a pub. What’s it like?
—Well, it’s very hard work and I’m always tired, but I don’t mind.
A. are working
B. will work
C. were working
D. will be
working
【解析】答案为A。对话所用的现在时表明现在还在酒吧里上班，用现在进行时描述现阶段长期重复的一个动作。故选A项。句意：“我听说你在酒吧里上班，这份工
作怎么样？”“这是份辛苦活，老感到累，不过我不介意。”
②I’ll go to the library as soon as I finish what I _____.
A. was doing
B. am doing
C. have done
D. had been doing
【解析】答案为B。主句是将来时，时间状语从句用现在时。finish与选项C.have done 矛盾，故选B项。句意：我一完成眼下正在做的事情就去图书馆。
③That price of music sounds quite familiar. Who _________the piano upstairs?
A. has played
B. played
C. plays
D. is playing
【解析】答案为D。在听的过程中才发出谁在弹钢琴的疑问，sound用的是现在时，交代的时间是现在，
故选D项。句意：那首乐曲听起来相当熟悉。是谁在楼上弹钢琴？
对现在完成时的考查
①—I didn’t ask for the name list. Why ______on my desk?
—I put it there just now in case you needed it.
A. does it land
B. has it landed
C. will it land
D. had it landed 【解析】答案为B。问句中谈论的事情即“放”的动作发生在过去，强调的是对话发生时的情况，需要使用现在完成时，故选择B项。句意：“我没有要名单，怎么名单
在我桌上？”“我刚才放在那里的，以备你用得着。”
②His first novel ________ good reviews since it came out last month.
A. receives
B. is receiving
C. will receive
D. has received 【解析】答案为D。since自从……以来，引导含有过去时的从句时，主句用现在完成时。
故选D。句意：他的第一本小说自上个月出版以来受到了好评。
③—John, what ________________in your hand ?
—Look, It’s a birthday gift for my grandma.
A. had you held
B. are you holding
C. do you hold
D. will you hold
【解析】答案为B。两人对话以现在时间为参考点，现在(说话人说话时）对方hold这个动作正在发生，故用现在进行时。句意：约翰，你手里拿的是什么？”“看，这
是给我奶奶的生日礼物。”
④It is the most instructive lecture that I ________since I came to this school.
A .attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended 【解析】答案为D。since自从……以来，引导过去时的从句时，主句用现在完成时。选D。句意：自从我到这个学校以来，这是我所听到的最有教育意义的演讲。
对现在完成进行时的考查
⑤Tom ________ in the library every night over the last three months.
A. works
B. worked
C. has been working
D. had been working
【解析】答案为C。题干中出现的over the last three months，是明显提示用现在完成进行时或现在完成时。故选C项。句意：在过去的三个月里，Tom每天晚上都在
图书馆里学习。
对一般过去时的考查
①If you don’t like the drink you ______just leave it and try a different one.
A. ordered
B. are ordering
C. will order
D. had ordered
【解析】答案为A。don’t like the drink是现在时，点饮料是过去的动作，因此，用过去时或现在完成时，故选A项。句意：如果你不喜欢你所点的饮料，就把它放那
儿，试试另一种。
②—That must have been a long trip.
—Yeah, it __________ us a whole week to get there.
A. takes
B. has taken
C. took
D. was taking 【解析】答案为C。题干中must have done是对过去的肯定推测，提示时间在过去，描述过去的情况，排除A和B项，D项was taking进行时态表将来，但事实上事
情已发生，这与题意不符，因此选C项。句意：“那一定是长途旅行。”“是的，
我们花了整整一周时间才赶到那儿。”
③—Bob has gone to California.
—Oh, can you tell me when he _________?
A. has left
B. left
C. is leaving
D. would leaving
【解析】答案为B。Bob has gone to California去的动作已经发生。这说明他离开的动作一定发生在过去，因此使用一般过去时。选B项。句意：“Bob已经去了加利福
尼亚。”“噢，你能告诉我他什么时候离开的？”
④When I got on the bus, I _____ I had left my wallet at home.
A. was realizing
B. realized
C. have realized
D. would realize
【解析】答案为B。I had left my wallet at home发生在realized之前，前一句When I got on the bus给出的时间起点是过去时，故选B项。句意：当我上了车的时候，我
才意识到把钱包忘在家里了。
⑤In 1942, Columbu s_______ on one of the Bahama Islands, but he mistook it for an island off
India.
A. lands
B. landed
C. has landed
D..had landed
【解析】答案为B。in 1492是过去时的标志，后面叙述的是在这一年里发生的事情。题目没有明确说明“登陆”是发生在“误解”之前的动作，因此，这两个行为都统一在
1492年里，排除D，故选B。句意：在1492年，哥伦布登上了巴哈马群岛，但
他误以为是印度的岛屿。
对过去进行时的考查
①I wasn’t sure if he was real ly interested or if he ______ polite.
A. was just being
B. will just be
C. had just been
D. would just be
【解析】答案为A。句前wasn’t sure表明说话的起点是过去时，was really interested和was just being polite都是相一致的过去时。故选A项。句意：我不能肯定他是
真正感兴趣呢还是仅仅为了表示礼貌。
②The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant ______ in his place but
luckily, everything was going on smoothly.
A. gave
B. gives
C. was giving
D. had given
【解析】答案为C。was worried about和everything was going on smoothly都是过去时，排除B选项。经理担心的时候正是助手举办新闻发布会之时，过去进行时表示
过去某时正在进行的动作，排除表示过去完成时的D选项。A选项gave表示过
去发生的动作，这与后面everything was going on smoothly不符，因为事情还在
进展中，故选C。句意：经理担心着他的助手代替他所举办的新闻发布会。幸运
的是，一切进展顺利。
对过去完成时的考查
①She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child _____ everything!
A. had been eating
B. had eaten
C. have eaten
D. have been eating
【解析】答案为B。“吃光”这个动作发生在“发现”之前，前一句交代了过去时间，因此选择过去的过去，用过去完成时。故选B项。句意：她惊讶地发现冰箱里空空
如也；她的孩子把里面的东西全吃光了！
②We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody ______ into the office during the
night.
A. broke
B. had broken
C. has broken
D. was breaking
【解析】答案为B。两个时间点，“有人闯进了办公室”发生在“我们到达”之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时，选B项。句意：我们在早晨到达工作地点时，发现有
人在前一天晚上闯进了我们的办公室。
③Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they____ from China.
A. receive
B. are receiving
C. have received
D. had received 【解析】答案为D。由语境可知，receive动作发生在expressed动作之前，即“过去的过去”，故receive要用过去完成时态，因此D项正确。句意：上个月，日本政府
表达了他们对收到的中国的援助的谢意。
④—What a mistake!
—Yes. I his doing it another way, but without success.
A. was suggesting
B. will suggest
C. would suggest
D. had suggested
【解析】答案为D。下句意思是：是的。我建议他用另一种方式去做，但他不听。语境中隐含了“过去的过去”的意味——失误已经造成，而在失误造成之前我给他提过
建议，所以用过去完成时，故答案为D项。
⑤By the time Jack returned home from England, his son_____ from college.
A. graduated
B. has graduated
C. had been
D. had graduated
【解析】答案为D。by the time到……时候为止，一般与完成时连用。选D。句意：当杰克从英国返回家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
对一般将来时的考查
①—_________leave at the end of this month.
—I don’t think you should do that until ______another job.
A. I’m going to; you’d found
B. I’m going to; you’ve found
C. I’ll; you’ll find
D. I’ll; you’d find
【解析】答案为B。时间状语at the end of this month表示将来，所以要用一般将来时，表示将来要发生的事。时间状语从句用现在完成时代替将来完成时表示动作将来
已经完成，表示直到找到工作才能离开。
②—What are you going to do this afternoon?
—I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film ______quite early, so we _______to the bookstore after that.
A. finished; are going
B. fini shed; go
C. finished; are going
D. finishes; go 【解析】答案为C。上文与下文前一句均为一般将来时，说明电影未开始，故A、B两项排除。“到书店”是在看电影之后，更应用将来时态，故D的第二空错误。
③Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane________.
A. takes off
B. is taking off
C. has taken off
D. took off
【解析】答案为B。现在进行时可用来表示按计划或安排要进行的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。这种用法比较生动，给人一种期待感。根据所提供的情景“Ladies
and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts.”可判断出飞机马上就要起飞了。④—Are you still busy?
—Yes, I _________my work, and it won’t take long.
A. just finish
B. am just finishing
C. have just finished
D. am just going to finish
【解析】答案为B。用进行时态来表示动作即将完成，以示“正忙”。此题易误选D，be going to do表示“打算做……”。
对将来完成时的考查
①－Tommy is planning to buy a car.
－I know. By next month, he ______enough for a used one.
A. saves
B. saved
C. will save
D. will have saved
【解析】答案为D。by next month是将来完成时的标志，全句表示在将来next month之前完成“积攒足够钱”的动作，对将来的时间next month产生影响，能买一辆旧
车。故选D。句意：“Tommy将计划买车。”“我知道，到下个月为止，他积攒的
钱足够买一辆旧车了。”
②On the next birthday. Ann ________married for twenty years.
A. is
B. has been
C. will be
D. will have been
【解析】答案为D。her next birthday是将来的时间，for twenty years是个时间段。将来完成时表示持续到将来某时的动作或状态，故选D项。句意：等到下次生日的
时候，Ann结婚有二十年了。
对过去将来时的考查
Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition?
A. would sign
B. signed
C. have signed
D. had signed
【解析】答案为A。主句中用了一般过去时，受主句时态的限制，从句中要用过去时态。
根据句子意思：你预测到了会有许多学生报名参加这次舞蹈比赛吗？是过去对将
来的预测，应该用过去将来时。
对进来进行时的考查
①—Ring me at six tomorrow morning, will you?
—Why that early? I ______ .
A. will be sleeping
B. have slept
C. have been sleeping
D. will sleep
【解析】答案为A。根据上文的表示将来的具体时间“at six tomorrow morning”应该用进来进行时。
②—Could you meet me at the airport?
—I’d like to, but I’m afraid I a very important meeting when you return.
A. will have attended
B. was attending
C. am attending
D. will be attending
【解析】答案为D。你返回的那个时候，我将在参加一个重要会议。
对过去完成进行时的考查
When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _____ there.
A. had been lying
B. has been lying
C. was lying
D. has lain
【解析】答案为A。过去完成进行时主要表示持续到过去某时之前的动作。came to苏醒过来是过去时，苏醒前的情况是过去的过去，强调过去的过去里发生的事，故选
A项。句意：当Alice苏醒过来时，她不知道她在那儿躺了多久了。
对于各种时态的被动语态形式的考查，解题时都可以分两步进行：一是根据上下文或所给时间判断时态；二是根据该动词与主语之间的关系判断语态。看具体情况也可以倒过来考虑。
①Experiments of this kind _______ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World
War.
A. have conducted
B. have been conducted
C. had conducted
D. had been conducted
【解析】答案为D。句意为“就在二战爆发前，美国和欧洲都进行过这种实验。”首先考虑语态，主语experiment与conduct构成动宾关系，谓语使用被动形式。题干
中出现the second war是过去的时间点，before the second war是过去的过去，
因此使用过去完成时。选D项。
②After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _____ four days later.
A. rescued
B. was rescued
C. has rescued
D. had been rescued
【解析】答案为B。首先考虑应该用被动语态。排除AC选项。再者题干中没有过去的过去的时间概念，故排除D项。句意：在一次暴风雨中失踪以后，海军中的一员
四天后得救了。
③All visitors to this village _________ with kindness.
A. treat
B. are treated
C. are treating
D. had been treated
【解析】答案为B。表示经常性或习惯性的动作，用一般现在时。来访者与招待存在着被动关系。由于没有交代过去时间，had been treated过去的过去不能用。因此
选B。句意：所有到这个村子的来访者都会受到善意的接待。
④In the last few years thousands of films __________ allover the word.
A. have produced
B. have been produced
C. are producing
D. are being produced
【解析】答案为B。in the last few years在过去的几年时间里，其实是从过去算到现在，是现在完成时的标志。选B项。句意：在过去的几年时间里，全世界制作了成
千上万部电影。
⑤In the near future, more advances in the robot technology ________by scientists.
A. are making
B. are made
C. will make
D. will be made
【解析】答案为D。in the near future表明了将来的时间，more advances与make主谓关系上存在着被动，故选D。句意：在不久的将来，科学家将会在机器人技术上
取得更大的进展。
不及物动没有被动语态
Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will ________ fresh for several days.
A. be stayed
B. stay
C. be staying
D. have stayed 【解析】答案为B。stay是系动词不能用被动语态,故排除A；系动词一般不用于进行时(feel 除外),故排除C；stay为非延续性动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,故排除D。
句意：你为什么不把肉放在冰箱里呢？那样会保质好几天。
1.—Where is Tom?
—Well, he _______you _______here. Otherwise he would come down right now.
A. didn't know; were
B. hasn’t known; are
C. doesn't know; are.
D. hadn't known; were
2.— I wonder if you could go with me to the post office.
—I’d like to, but I ______ my experiment report and have to finish it this afternoon.
A. wrote
B. was writing
C. have written
D. am writing
3.It is reported that many a new house ________ at present in the disaster area.
A. are being built
B. were being built
C. was being built
D. is being built
4.—How is your new job?
—Not so good at the moment. I ______ it very much.
A. won't enjoy
B. am not enjoying
C. didn't enjoy
D. wasn't enjoying
5.When I was at college, I _______ three foreign languages but I ________ all except a few words
of each.
A. spoke; had forgotten
B. had spoken; had forgotten
C. spoke; have forgotten
D. had spoken; have forgotten
6.Zhang Ning is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class, and she _____ English for a year.
A. is studying
B. will study
C. studies
D. has been studying
7.—It’s many years since I saw you last；I _____ you at all.
—I wouldn’t have, either, if someone ______ you by the name.
A. didn’t recognize; hadn’t called
B. didn’t recognize; didn’t call
C. haven’t recognized; didn’t call
D. recognized; had called
8—What do you think of the Eiffel Tower?
—Splendid. When I was in France，I it.
A. have visited
B. had visited
C. could visit
D. visited
9.— My mum is not in Beijing now. She has gone to Paris.
— Oh, can you tell me when she ______?
A. is leaving
B. would leave
C. has left
D. left
10.—The iPhone 4s has been on the market for some time. Have you got one?
—Yes, I ______ one during my visit to Hong Kong.
A. have bought
B. bought
C. had bought
D. would buy
11.Sorry. I would have come earlier，but I that you were waiting.
A. didn't know
B. hadn’t known
C. don’t know
D. hav en’t known
12.—You've got your flat furnished, haven't you?
—Yes. I ______ some used furniture at the Sunday Market and it was a real bargain.
A. will buy
B. have bought
C. had bought
D. bought
13.She ______ volleyball regularly for many years when she was young.
A. was playing
B. played
C. has played
D. had played
14.—Remember the first time we met?
—Sure. You _______ in the supermarket.
A. had shopped
B. have shopped
C. were shopping
D. shopped
15.He’s alread y gone home. But before he left. He _________all the mistakes in his paper
A. would correct
B. has corrected
C. corrected
D. had corrected
16.Before I began this job, I _____ a baby sitter for two years.
A. have been
B. was
C. would be
D. had been
17.Until we have discussed all the details, no decision _______ about any new operations.
A. will be made
B. is made
C. is being made
D. has been made
18.—How can I get the main idea of a news article quickly?
—Just look through the first and last paragraph, and you ___what it is mainly about.
A. see
B. will see
C. are seeing
D. have seen
19.His carelessness cost him nearly all the money he _ .
A. saved
B. has saved
C. had saved
D. saves
20.It was a pity that when we got to the cinema, the movie _________, so we saw only the end of
it.
A. was finishing
B. has just finished
C. just finished
D. had just finished
21.By the time Pierce comes back from the meeting, we here for three hours.
A. will be waiting
B. is waiting
C. will wait
D. will have waited
22.When you reach the other end of the bridge, I ______ right there to show you the way.
A. wait
B. have waited
C. was waiting
D. will be waiting
23.We’d better take umbrellas—I’m sure it _____ when we arrive in London; it’s always wet there
at this time of year.
A. will rain
B. is raining
C. will be raining
D. would rain
24.They ________ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ________ it as no good results have come out so far.
A. had been working; are still working
B. had worked; were still working
C. have been working; have worked
D. have worked; are still working
25.—I have just received another message, telling me I have won a big prize.
—Don't jump on it. You ________.
A. should be cheated
B. are being cheated
C. are cheating
D. must have cheated
26.The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front________ to arrive.
A. will be expected
B. is expecting
C. expects
D. is expected
27.The most delicious cake in the world ____ by Mom. Please wait an hour to enjoy it.
A. makes
B. is made
C. is going to make
D. is being made
28.In the past few years tho usands of films _______all over the world.
A. have produced
B. have been produced
C. are producing
D. are being produced
29.In the weeks before the Academy Awards ceremony, movie reviewers make predictions about
which movies
and actors ______.
A. have awarded
B. will award
C. are awarded
D. will be awarded
30.The stone under her feet rolled; and as she was ________into the river, she called out for help.
A. being jumped
B. jumped
C. pulling
D. being pulled
答案：
1---5CDBBC 6—10 DADDB 11---15 ADBCD 16---20 DABCA 21---25 DDCCA 26—30 DDBDB