非谓语动词having been done和done作状语有什么区别？请给出些例子
1.都与主语是动宾，也就是被动关系，前一个是发生在谓语动词之前，后一个表完成，那都是发生在谓语动词之前的，那还要怎么区分呢？是时间长短的区别吗？两者的确很难区分，主要区别有以下两点。1）having been done一般强调被动的动作，而且该动作必须和主句动作之间有着明显的时间/逻辑上的先后/因果关系，且隐含having been done的动作不会再进行的意味。
2）done做状语时更多时候强调的是一个可以延续的状态，而且它所表示的情况可以和主句动作同时存在。
2. 例如：
1）Having been kept in the fridge for two hours, the food has gone bad.
此题强调先有“be kept in the fridge”，才导致了后面的“go bad”.
前后动词有明显的先后/因果关系，且隐含了“这食物不会再放在冰箱里保存”的含义了。
2）Frightened by the news, he felt dizzy.
其实frighteded by the news是由“he was frightened by the news”变化而来的，强调的更多是一种状态。其实在“他感到眩晕”的同时，他还在“感到害怕”。
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验)
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)
(3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
(1)不定式作表语
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish 等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．
(3)分词作表语
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有：
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求：
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语
attempt企图enable能够neglect忽视
afford负担得起demand要求long渴望
arrange安排destine注定mean意欲，打算
begin开始expect期望omit忽略，漏
appear似乎，显得determine决定manage设法
cease停止hate憎恨，厌恶pretend假装
ask问dread害怕need需要
agree同意desire愿望love爱
swear宣誓volunteer志愿wish希望
bear承受endeavor努力offer提供
beg请求fail不能plan计划
bother扰乱；烦恼forget忘记prefer喜欢，宁愿
care关心，喜欢happen碰巧prepare准备
decide决定learn学习regret抱歉，遗憾
choose选择hesitate犹豫profess表明
claim要求hope希望promise承诺，允许
start开始undertake承接want想要
consent同意，赞同intend想要refuse拒绝
decide决定learn学习vow起
contrive设法，图谋incline有…倾向propose提议
seek找，寻觅try试图
2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式ask要求，邀请get请，得到prompt促使
allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢，宁愿
announce宣布force强迫press迫使
bride 收买inspire鼓舞request请求
assist协助hate憎恶pronounce断定，表示
advise劝告exhort告诫，勉励pray请求
authorize授权，委托help帮助recommend劝告，推荐bear容忍implore恳求remind提醒
beg请求induce引诱report报告
compel强迫invite吸引，邀请，summon传唤
command命令intend想要，企图show 显示
drive驱赶mean意欲，打算train训练
cause引起instruct指示require要求
deserve应受leave使，让tell告诉
direct指导like喜欢tempt劝诱
entitle有资格order命令warn告诫
enable使能够need需要urge激励，力说
encourage鼓励oblige不得不want想要
condemn指责，谴责lead引起，使得teach教
entreat恳求permit允许wish希望
(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语
acknowledge承认，自认cease 停止mention说到，讲到
admit 承认tolerate忍受dislike不喜欢，讨厌
advocate：提倡，主张complete完成dread可怕
appreciate 感激，欣赏confess坦白endure忍受
avoid避免contemplate细想enjoy享有，喜爱
bear忍受defer拖延envy嫉妒
can't help不禁delay延迟escape逃跑，逃避
can't stand受不了deny否认excuse借口
consider 考虑detest嫌恶fancy幻想，爱好
favor 造成，偏爱mind 介意repent悔悟
figure描绘，计算miss错过resent怨恨
finish完成，结束不得pardon原谅，饶恕resist抵抗，阻止
forgive原谅permit 允许resume恢复
imagine设想postpone延迟，延期risk冒险
involve卷入，包含practise 实行，实践suggest建议
hate讨厌prevent阻止save营救，储蓄
keep保持quit放弃停止stand坚持，忍受
loathe非常讨厌，厌恶recall回想
例如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。
(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别
1）forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做）
forget doing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）
2）stop to do 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事
3）remember to do 记住去做某事（未做）
remember doing记得做过某事(已做)
4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾
regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔
5）try to do努力、企图做某事
try doing试验、试一试某种办法
6) mean to do打算，有意要…
mean doing意味着
7）go on to do 继而（去做另外一件事情）
go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情）
8）propose to do 打算（要做某事）
proposing doing建议（做某事）
9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为；+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念
（注)如果这些动词前有should一词，其后宾语只跟不定式，不能跟动名词。例如：
I should like to see him tomorrow．
10) need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义；+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
You must remember to leave tomorrow．你可要记着是明天动身。
I don't regret telling her what I thought．我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过)
I regret to have to do this，but I have no choice．我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没办法。(未做但要做) You must try to be more careful．你可要多加小心。
Let's try doing the work some other way．让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作。
I didn't mean to hurt your feeling．我没想要伤害你的感情。
This illness will mean (your) going to hospital．得了这种病(你)就要进医院。
4．不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
(1）不定式作定语
1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系
He was the last one to leave school yesterday．昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。
The train to arrive was from London．将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。
2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系
Get him something to eat．给他拿点儿东西吃。
She has a lot of work to do in the morning．早上他有很多工作要做。
3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。
I need a pen to write with．我需要一支笔写字。
There is nothing to worry about．没有什么值得发愁的。
4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如：
ability能力，本领drive赶，驾驶movement运动，活动
ambition抱负，野心effort努力，尝试need需要，需求
campaign战役，运动failure失败，不及格opportunity机会
chance机会force力，压力，要点promise许诺，希望
courage勇气intention意向，意图reason理由，原因
decision决定method方法，方式light光，光线，亮光
determination决心，决定motive动机，目的struggle奋斗，努力，
tendency倾向，趋势wish希望，愿望，祝愿
5）被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next，second, last, only和not a，the等限定词时候，只能用不定式。
6）不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。
John will do anything but work on a farm．除了农活，约翰什么都愿意干。
7）如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语，或者其形容词要器接不定式做补语，则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如：tend to do---tendency to do；decide to do = decision to do；be curious to do = curiosity to do His wish to buy a car came true．他要买辆车的愿望实现了。
Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us．
他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave．
他总是第一个到来，最后一个离去。
(2)分词作定语
分词作定语时有下面几个特点：
1)现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含意。
2)现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。
He rushed into the burning house．他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。
The child standing over there is my brother．站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。
The room facing south is our classroom．朝南的房间是我们的教室。
Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗?
He is an advanced teacher．他是个先进教师。
3）下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语，但不具有被动意义，这点要注意：
departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled,
newly-arrived, recently-come
(3)不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系
一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如：
Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?
你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？
Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?
你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？
5．不定式和分词作状语的区别
（1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。
现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。
He went out shutting the door behind him.
他出去后将门随手关上。
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。
Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.
在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。
(2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别
1)分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的。
They stood by the roadside talking about the plan．他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)
They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan．他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)
2)分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。
Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch．由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因) Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before．他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)
Reading carefully，you'll learn something new．只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)
His family was too poor to support him．他的家庭太穷，不能维持他的生活。(结果)
The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf．这男孩个子不够高，手伸不到书架。(结果)
We are glad to hear the news．我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)
（3）下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的：
a：not/never too…to, too…not to , but/only too… to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义
b：做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾，常见的不定式动词有：find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。
c：不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，否则用for引导主语。
6．非谓语动词常考的其它结构
（1)疑问词+不定式结构
疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如：
When to start has not been decided．何时动身尚未决定。(主语)
I don't know what to do．我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)
The difficulty was how to cross the river．困难在于如何过河。(表语)
I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。（双重宾语）
注）A.有时疑问词前可用介词，如：
I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。
B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语，只能跟疑问词（如：how, what）+不定式：
While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.
(2)介词except和but作“只有…，只能…”讲时跟不定式结构（but与不带to的不定式连用）。
When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.
(3)不带to的不定式
1）在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有：
feel 觉得observe 注意到，看到overhear听到
watch注视listen to听perceive察觉，感知
notice注意see看见look at看hear听
On seeing the young child fell into the lake，Eric sprang to his feet，and went on the rescue.
2)另一类是某些使役动词，如make, let，have等。如：
Let him do it.让他做吧。
I would have you know that I am ill．我想要你知道我病了。
(注)：
①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时．其后的不定式一般需带to，如：
He was seen to come．
The boy was made to go to bed early.
②在动词find与help之后，不定式可带to亦可不带to，如:
He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season．他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏，感到惊讶。
3)在do nothing／anything／everything but(except)结构中。例如：
Last night I did nothing but watch TV．昨天晚上，我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。
但是，如果谓语动词不是“do nothing，anything，eve rything”，那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking．医生除了让他戒烟，其它什么都没有说。
There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent．除了保持沉默以外，他们没有别有别的办法。
（4）不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构
1)不定式的逻辑主语为：for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式。例如：
I found it impossible for him to do the job alone．我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。
(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如：
It was wise of him to do that．他那样做是明智的。
2)动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词。例如：
Tom insisted on my going with them．他坚持要我和他们一起去。
He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。
3)某些形容词，如：careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等
It is very kind of you to help me．你帮助我太好了。
间或也可用for + there to be表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是to be）。
It's a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。
7．非谓语动词中的有关句型
（1）动名词作主语的句型
1）Doing...+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth.
It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。
It is a great fun playing football．打篮球很有趣。
It is a waste of time trying to explain．设法解释是浪费时间。
3)It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth．
It is useless speaking.光说没用。
It is nice seeing you again．真高兴又遇到了你。
It is good Playing chess after supper．晚饭后弈棋挺好。
It is expensive running this car．开这种小车是浪费。
一. 接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语的常用动词 1．afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 2．agree to do sth. 同意做某事 3．arrange to do sth.安排做某事 4．ask to do sth. 要求做某事 5．choose to do sth. 选择做某事 6．decide to do sth. 决定做某事 7．demand to do sth. 要求做某事 8．determine to do sth. 决心做某事 9．expect to do sth. 期待做某事 10．fail to do sth. 未能做某事 11．happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 12．help to do sth. 帮助做某事 13．hope to do sth. 希望做某事 14．learn to do sth. 学习做某事 15．manage to do sth. 设法做某事 16．need to do sth. 需要做某事 17．offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 18．plan to do sth. 计划做某事 19．prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 20．pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 21．promise to do sth. 答应做某事 22．refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 23．want to do sth. 想要做某事 24．wish to do sth. 希望做某事 三．接不定式作宾补的常用动词 1.advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 2.allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 3.ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事 4.beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 5.cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 6.drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事 7.elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事 8.encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 9.expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 10.forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 11.force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 12.get sb. to do sth. 使（要）某人做某事 13.hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事 14.help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 15.intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事 16.invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 17.leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事 18.like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事 19.need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事20.order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 21.permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 22.persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 23.request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 24.remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 25.teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事 26.tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 27.trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事 28.want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 29.warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事 30.wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 注：不要受汉语意思的影响，下面的是正确的搭配：1. 原谅某人做某事excuse [forgive] sb. for doing sth. 2. 希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. 3. 建议某人做某事advise sb. to do sth. 4. 安排某人做某事arrange for sb. to do sth 5. 要求某人做某事demand of sb. to do sth. 6. 感谢某人做某事thank sb. for doing sth. 7. 祝贺某人做某事congratulate sb. on doing sth. 8. 阻止某人做某事prevent sb. from doing sth.。 三、接动名词（不接不定式）作宾语的常用动词 1.admit doing sth. 承认做某事 2.allow doing sth. 允许做某事 3.appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事 4.avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 5.consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 6.delay doing sth. 推迟做某事 7.deny doing sth. 否认做某事 8.discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事 9.dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 10.enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事 11.escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事 12.finish doing sth. 完成做某事 13.forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事 14.forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事 15.give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 16.imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 17.keep doing sth. 保持做某事 18.mind doing sth. 介意做某事 19.miss doing sth. 错过做某事 20.permit doing sth. 允许做某事 21.practice doing sth. 练习做某事 22.prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事 非谓语动词单词用法及部分单词辨析
非谓语动词固定搭配87个 一、接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语 afford to do sth 担负得起做某事I afford to buy a new house. agree to do sth 赞同做某事I agreed to look after the dog. ask to do sth 要求做某事She asked to have a look at the photos. choose to do sth 选择做某事He chose to do it by himself. decide to do sth 决定做某事We decide to have a try. expect to do sth 期待做某事I expect to go camping. hope to do sth 希望做某事I hope to see you soon. learn to do sth 学习做某事I will learn to drive. manage to do sth 设法做某事Finally we managed to finish everything on time. fail to do sth 未能做某事Little Tom failed to come to the party. offer to do sth 自动提出做某事She always offers to help. plan to do sth 计划做某事We plan to set out early tomorrow morning. would like to do sth 想要做某事I would like to go for a walk after dinner. can’t wait to do sth 等不及要做某事I can’t wait to start the journey! promise to do sth 承诺做某事I promise to be home before 9. refuse to do sth 回绝做某事She refuse to answer the question. want to do sth 想要做某事I want to share my secret with you. wish to do sth 希望做某事I wish to welcome the star. happen to do sth 碰巧做某事I happened to see them in the street. need to do sth 需要做某事I need to get a haircut. 辨析（needs to do & needs doing）be able to do 有能力做某事She was able to take care of herself at the age of 6. have to do sth 不得不做某事I have to say goodbye to smartphone. make sure to do sth 确保做某事Make sure to take the umbrella when it rains. 一组更喜欢... prefer to do sth 更喜欢做某事I prefer to stay at home. Prefer doing to doing更喜欢做某事，比起做某事I prefer staying at home to going out. Prefer to do rather than do. 更喜欢做某事，比起做某事I prefer to stay at home than go out. Would rather do than do更喜欢做某事，比起做某事I would rather stay at home than go out. 一组use： used to do sth 过去常常做某事I used to go to school by car, now I go on foot. Be used to do sth 被用来做某事Keys are used to open the doors. Be used to doing 习惯于做某事When I was a student, I was used to getting up early. 二、接不定式、动名词作宾补v sb to do sth （否定形式not + to do） advise sb. to do sth 建议某人做某事The doctor advised him to do more exercise. allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事Mom doesn’t allow me to go out after 10. ask sb. to do sth 请（叫）某人做某事The teacher asks us not to waste time. encourage sb. to do sth 鼓舞某人做某事My friend encouraged me to have a try. expect sb. to do sth 期待某人做某事Parents always expect their kids to be the best. help sb. to do sth 帮助某人做某事=help sb do sth = help sb with sth invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事They invited a famous singer to sing a song. need sb to do sth 需求某人做某事The animals need us to take care of them.
` 非谓语动词之固定搭配 一，动词不定式to do sth、动名词doing sth做宾语 二，动词不定式to do sth、省略to的动词不定式即动词原形do sth，现在分词doing sth做宾语补足语 I.接不定式（而不接动名词）做宾语的常用动词： V. + to + do 1.agree to do sth. 同意做某事 2.refuse to do sth. 拒接做某事 3.arrange to do sth 安排做某事 4.ask to do sth. 要求做某事 5.beg to do sth. 请求做某事 6.choose to do sth. 选定做某事 7.decide to do sth. 决定做某事 8.learn to do sth. 学习做某事 9.manage to do sth. 设法做某事 10.offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 11.plan to do sth. 计划做某事 12.prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 13.promise to do sth. 答应做某事 14.want to do sth. 想要做某事 15.hope to do sth. 希望做某事 注：有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式，不接动名词： 16.fall to do sth. 未能做某事 17.happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 II.接动名词（而不接不定式）做宾语的常用动词： V. + doing 1.enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事 2.finish doing sth. 完成做某事 3.give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 4.mind doing sth. 介意做某事 5.practice doing sth. 练习做某事 6.keep doing sth. 保持做某事
初中英语非谓语动词技巧(很有用)及练习题 一、非谓语动词 1．We only planned the play for an hour, but in the end, we stayed for three hours. A. watch B. watches C. to watch D. watched 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：我们计划只玩一个小时，但是最终，我们呆了三个小时。plan to do sth计划做某事．根据句意可知选C 【点评】考查不定式作宾语。 2．My parents didn't allow me ______ to the party. A. go B. to go C. goes D. went 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】：本题考点为非谓语动词（固定用法）。allow sb. to do sth.，即“允许某 人做某事”。故答案为B。 3．— Please stay with me this weekend. —I'm sorry, but my father and I planned _________ Beijing a long time ago. A. visit B. visiting C. to visit D. visited 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——这个周末请和我呆在一起吧。——我很抱歉，但是我父亲和 我很久前就计划去参观北京了。plan to do sth.，计划做某事，动词不定式作宾语，故选 C。 【点评】此题考查动词不定式。注意固定短语plan to do sth. 4．—Have you ever heard that China is building a nationwide 5G network? —Right. 5G will allow us ________ English movies faster than ever. A. download B. downloads C. to download D. downloading 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意——你听说了中国正在建造全国5G网络吗？——对，5G将会让我 们比原来更快的速度下载英文电影。allow sb to do sth，允许某人做某事，固定短语，应使 用动词不定式，故答案是C。 【点评】考查动词不定式，注意识记固定搭配allow sb. to do sth结构。 5．I think AI （人工智能） in many fields will to help us solve many problems in the future. A. used, be used B. is used, be used C. used, use D. is used, use
非谓语动词的的固定搭配（一）动词不定式 1.作宾语 want to do sth. decide to do sth. deserve to do sth. hope to do sth. wish to do sth. expect to do sth. learn to do sth. need to do sth. plan to do sth. refuse to do sth. choose to do sth. fail to do sth. manage to do sth. seem to do sth. happen to do sth. promise to do sth. prefer to do sth. agree to do sth. prepare to do sth. used to do sth. would love/like to do sth. can't wait to do sth. can't afford to do sth. get ready to do sth. be pleased /be glad to do sth. be afraid to do sth. be sure to do sth. 2. 作宾语（省略了动词不定式符号to）Why not do sth.…? Could/Would/ Will you please do sth.…? would rather do sth. than do sth. 3. 作宾补 ask sb. to do sth. encourage sb. to do sth. invite sb. to do sth. teach sb. (how) to do sth. wish sb. to do sth. expect sb. to do sth. tell sb. to do sth. want sb. to do sth. allow sb. to do sth. get sb. to do sth. advise sb. to do sth. warn sb. (not) to do sth. order sb. to do sth. beg sb. to do sth. cause sb. to do sth. drive sb. to do sth. force sb. to do sth. leave sb. to do sth. need sb. to do sth. 4. 作宾补（省略了动词不定式符号to） 五看：look at, see, watch, notice, observe 三使：make, let, have 二听：listen to, hear 一感：feel 半帮助：help 1
英语非谓语动词固定搭配及动词词组一. 接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语的常用动词 afford to do sth. 负担得起做 某事agree to do sth. 同意做 某事arrange to do sth.安排做 某事 ask to do sth. 要求做某事 choose to do sth. 决定做某 事decide to do sth. 决定做 某事demand to do sth. 要求 做某事determine to do sth. 决心做某事expect to do sth. 期待做某事fail to do sth. 未能做某事happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事help to do sth. 帮助做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事learn to do sth. 学习做某事manage to do sth. 设法做某事need to do sth. 需要做某事offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事plan to do sth. 计划做某事prepare to do sth. 准备做某事pretend to do sth. 假装做某事promise to do sth. 答应做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事want to do sth. 想要做某事wish to do sth. 希望做某事
二、接不定式作宾补的常用动词 dvise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做 某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某 人做某事ask sb. to do sth.请（叫） 某人做某事beg sb. to do sth. 请 求某人做某事cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事drive sb. to do sth . 驱使某人做某事elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 get sb. to do sth. 使（要）某人做某事hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事help sb. to do sth. 帮助某 人做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打 算要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事
人教版英语非谓语动词的用法大全及解析百度文库 一、非谓语动词 1．Young people are encouraged to work hard ____their own dreams. A. achieve B. achieves C. to achieve D. achieved 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：鼓励年轻人努力工作，实现自己的梦想。根据句意可知their own dreams是workhard的目的，常用动词不定式来表示目的，故选C。 【点评】考查动词不定式的基本用法——作目的状语。 2．Our teacher often advises us the habit of making notes while reading. A. to develop B. develop C. to developing D. developing 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的老师经常建议我们培养在阅读时做笔记的习惯。Advise sbto do sth建议某人做某事，所以选A。 3．—Julia, your mobile phone is ringing. —Wait a minute. It's dangerous ______ it while crossing the street. A. answering B. answer C. to answer 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：—-朱丽亚，你的手机响了。—等一下。过马路时接电话是危险的。It + be + adj. for （of） sb to do sth 某人做某事……，是固定句式，it是形式主语，不定式结构做真正主语。故选C。 【点评】考查动词不定式做主语的句式。熟记此句式，并能熟练运用。 4． Whenever we kids come over, Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us ________ sure we don't break anything. A. make B. made C. to make D. making 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：无论什么时候我们这些孩子们来到这里，Susan姨妈只是站在那里，看着我们以确保我们不打破什么东西。此处是目的状语，故用动词不定式to make。watch sb do/doing sth看着某人做了/正在做某事，但是make sure的意思是“保证；确保”，在本句中不符合逻辑，故排除AD；watch sth done看着某事被做，也不符合句意，故选
一.接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语的常用动词 afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事 arrange to do sth.安排做某事ask to do sth. 要求做某事 choose to do sth. 决定做某事decide to do sth. 决定做某事 demand to do sth. 要求做某事determine to do sth. 决心做某事 expect to do sth. 期待做某事fail to do sth. 未能做某事 happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事help to do sth. 帮助做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事learn to do sth. 学习做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事need to do sth. 需要做某事 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事plan to do sth. 计划做某事 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 promise to do sth. 答应做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事wish to do sth. 希望做某事 intend to do sth 想要做某事would like to do sth 想要做某事 in order to do 为了做某事seem to do sth 似乎好像做某事 二、接动名词（不接不定式）作宾语的常用动词 admit doing sth. 承认做某allow doing sth. 允许做某事 appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事delay doing sth. 推迟做某事 deny doing sth. 否认做某事discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事 escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事finish doing sth. 完成做某事 forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 keep doing sth. 保持做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事 miss doing sth. 错过做某事permit doing sth. 允许做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事 prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事put off doing sth. 推迟做某事 risk doing sth. 冒险做某事take up doing 着手做某事 stand doing 容忍做某事suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 feel like doing 喜欢做某事can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事 三、接不定式作宾补的常用动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事get sb. to do sth. 使（要）某人做某事hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
最新英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Students surf the internet _______ more information about the university they are dreamt of. A．found B．finding C．having found D．to find 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：学生们上网是为了找到他们理想大学的更多的信息。此处表示目的用不定式，指上网的目的。故选D。 2．Look over there! There is a long, winding path ________ up to the house. A．lead B．leading C．led D．to lead 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：看那边!有一条长长的蜿蜒小路通向那所房子。分析句式可知，这是个there be 句型，因此，此处用非谓语动词，path与lead是主动关系，因此用现在分词，故选B。 3．______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies. A．Having exposed B．Being exposed C．To expose D．Exposed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查动名词。句意：暴露于核辐射中甚至很短时间都会影响人体的基因。分析句子成分发现even for a short time是插入语，may influence是谓语，前面的部分应该是主语，be exposed to“暴露于”，要用动名词Being exposed to。故B选项正确。 4．The lecture, _______at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A．starting B．being started C．to start D．to be started 【答案】A 【解析】 选A start与逻辑主语the lecture之间为主动关系，故排除B、D两项。不定式作定语时，常表示动作尚未发生，故排除C项，此处用现在分词作后置定语，表示主动。 第四步：根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态 非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或v.-ing形式/不定式的
复习专题非谓语动词易错大盘点 一、非谓语动词 1．— Would you like to go swimming with me, Tom? — Sorry, but our teachers always tell us in the river. A. don't swim B. not swimming C. not to swim D. to not swim 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——你愿意和我一起去游泳吗，汤姆？——对不起，但是我们的 老师总是告诉我们不要在河里游泳。tell sb. not to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事，故答案为 C。 【点评】考查动词不定式。掌握固定搭配中的不定式的用法。 2．—Have you ever heard that China is building a nationwide 5G network? —Right. 5G will allow us ________ English movies faster than ever. A. download B. downloads C. to download D. downloading 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意——你听说了中国正在建造全国5G网络吗？——对，5G将会让我 们比原来更快的速度下载英文电影。allow sb to do sth，允许某人做某事，固定短语，应使 用动词不定式，故答案是C。 【点评】考查动词不定式，注意识记固定搭配allow sb. to do sth结构。 3．I think AI （人工智能） in many fields will to help us solve many problems in the future. A. used, be used B. is used, be used C. used, use D. is used, use 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：我认为被用在许多领域的人工智能在将来将帮助我们解决许多问 题。AI是名词，___ in many fields做名词AI的定语，AI是动作use的承受着，并且句子是 简单句，已经有谓语will，所以用动词过去分词作定语，即used，be used to do sth.被用来 做某事，will是情态动词，所以be还是用原形be，故选A。 【点评】考查动词过去分词及固定搭配，注意平时识记，理解句意。 4．Our English teacher wants us ______ English stories out of class. A. read B. reading C. to read 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事。故选C。 5．We are looking forward to _______ Hollywood in America。（） A. visit B. visited C. visiting
初中英语常见非谓语动词搭配总结 总结初中阶段高频出现的一些动词用法 一. 加to do的高频考查动词 1. afford to do 负担的起做某事 We can’t afford to make any mistakes.我们承担不起任何失误。 2. agree to do 同意做某事 Do you agree to have dinner today? 今天你同意一块吃饭吗？ 3. choose to do 选择做某事 Why do so many choose to leave their country? 为什么有这么多人要离开祖国? 4. decide to do 决定做某事 She decided to accept the offer. 她决定接受这一提议。 5. expect to do 期待做某事 The shop expects to make more money this year. 这家店铺期望今年多赚点钱。 6. hope to do 希望做某事 I hope to see you again sometime next year. 我希望明年某一时候再见到你。 7. hurry to do 急忙做某事 We shall have to hurry to get there in time. 我们将不得不及时赶到那。 8. manage to do 设法做成某事 How do you manage to do such a thing? 你是怎么设法做这样的事? 9. plan to do 打算做某事 Where do you plan to spend your holiday? 你打算去哪里度假？ 10. prefer to do 宁愿做某事
非谓语动词常见搭配： 1. be worth doing sth 值得做某事（主动表被动） 2. be busy doing sth = be busy with sth 忙于做某事 3. stop/ prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 4. avoid doing sth 避免做某事 5. a chance to do sth 一个做某事的机会 6. stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth 停止做某事 7. ask sb (not) to do sth 让某人（不）做某事 8. in order (not) to do sth 为了（不）做某事 9. force sb to do sth 强迫某人做某事 10. mind doing sth 介意做某事 11. wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事 12. hope to do sth/ hope+从句希望做某事 13. try to do sth 努力做某事 try doing sth 尝试做某事 14. make/ let/ have sb do sth 让某人做某事 15. be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 used to do sth 过去常常做某事 be used to do sth 被用来做某事 16. offer to do sth 主动提供做某事 17. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 sb be allowed to do sth 某人被允许做某事 allow doing sth 允许做某事 18. practice doing sth 练习做某事 19. need doing sth = need to be done 需要被做某事 20. prefer to do rather than do= prefer doing to doing= would rather do than do 宁愿做某事，而不愿做某事 21. the way to do sth 做某事的办法 22. look forward to doing sth 期盼做某事 23. spend some money/ time doing sth 花费金钱/时间做某事 24. plan to do sth 计划做某事 25. be pleased /be glad to do sth.很高兴做某事 26. can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事 27. can't afford to do sth. 不能担负起做某事 28. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 29. do/try one's best to do sth.尽全力做某事 30. 形容词/副词+enough to do sth. 足以做某事 31. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 32. find + it + 形容词+to do sth. 发现做某事…… 33. get ready to do sth. 准备做某事 34. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 35. make up one's mind to do sth. 下决心做某事 36. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
一、表格的用法 1.doing 的用法 （1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认 admit 承认advocate提倡/主张consider 考虑 can't help不禁 can't stand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白 dislike不喜欢，讨厌deserve值得 delay 延迟 deny否认 dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶 enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅 fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌 imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许 postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止 resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受
worth值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her.