阶段综合·检测训练
(用时:120分钟满分:150分)
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题,每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小
A.Have a meeting.
B.See the manager.
C.Do some translation.
A.Satisfied.
B.Disappointed.
C.Worried.
A.She went to a multicultural fair.
B.She had dinner in a Thai restaurant.
C.She learned a native American dance.
A.At a library.
B.At a computer lab.
C.At a print shop.
A.To take a picture of her.
B.To ask for a new ID card.
C.To fill out a form.
答案:B
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题 5 秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
A.Teacher and student.
B.Classmates.
C.Strangers.
答案:C
7.Where is the Language Arts building?
A.On the right of the bridge.
B.At the end of Campus Centre Walk.
C.Opposite the Physical Education building.
答案:C
A.On Tuesdays and Thursdays.
B.On Mondays and Wednesdays.
C.On Mondays and Thursdays.
答案:A
9.What will the speakers do?
A.Go to work together.
B.Find another part-time job.
C.Talk with Mr Parker.
答案:C
A.She finds school difficult.
B.She has lost much weight.
C.She doesn’t feel very well.
答案:C
11.What advice does the man give the woman?
A.Drink less coffee.
B.Sleep at least six hours every night.
C.Eat fruits at least three times per week.
答案:A
12.What exercise does the man suggest the woman take?
A.Running.
B.Dancing.
C.Walking.
答案:C
A.His daily activities.
B.His family members.
C.His opinions on some social problems.
答案:A
14.What does Mr Miller do every morning?
A.He has a cup of tea.
B.He does some exercise.
C.He watches morning news.
答案:B
15.How long does Mr Miller sleep at night?
A.For about six hours.
B.For about seven hours.
C.For about eight hours.
答案:B
16.What does Mr Miller like to do on weekends?
A.Attend to some emergency.
B.Have a rest by himself.
C.Stay with his family.
答案:C
A.His success in acting.
B.The change of his profession.
C.The importance of his first performance.
答案:B
18.What do we know about the speaker after his first performance?
A.He became a little disappointed.
B.He thought of giving up acting.
C.He hardly tried out for other roles.
答案:A
19.What did the speaker do in 1991?
A.He earned a big fortune.
B.He set up a film company.
C.He became an office clerk.
答案:C
20.What does the speaker mean in the end?
A.He is not physically healthy.
B.He suffers a lot in his job.
C.He gets along well with the actors.
答案:B
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出最佳选项。
A
Charlie Chaplin was one of the greatest and widely loved silent movie stars.From Easy Street(1917) to Modern Times(1936),he made many of the funniest and most popular films of his time.He was best known for his character,the naive and lovable Little Tramp.The Little Tramp,a well meaning man in a raggedy suit with cane,always found himself wobbling into awkward situations and strangely wobbling away.More than any
other figure,it is this kind-hearted character that we associate with the time before the talkies(sound films).
Born in London in 1889,Chaplin first visited America with a theater company in 1907.Appearing as “Billy” in the play Sherlock Holmes,the young Chaplin toured the country twice.On his second tour,he met Mack Sennett and was signed to Keystone Studios to act in films.In 1914 Chaplin made his first one-reeler,Making a
Living.That same year he made thirty-four more short films,including Caught in a Cabaret,Caught in the Rain,The Face on the Bar-Room Floor,and His Trysting
Place.These early silent shorts allowed very little time for anything but physical comedy,and Chaplin was a master at it.
Though Chaplin is of the silent movie era,we see his achievements carried through in the films of today.With the appearance of the feature-length(达到正片应有的长
度)talkies,the need for more subtle acting became apparent.To maintain the audience’s attention throughout a six-reel film,an actor needed to move beyond constant comedy.Chaplin had demanded this depth long before anyone else.His
strictness and concern for the processes of acting and directing made his films great and led the way to a new,more sophisticated cinema.
21.Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?
A.“The little Tramp” was the only character that Charlie Chaplin act ed.
B.Charlie Chaplin signed to Keystone Studios in 1906.
C.Charlie Chaplin made five short films in 1914.
D.Charlie Chaplin has a great effect on today’s sound film.
解析:细节理解题。A项错在only一词,B项错在1906这一时间,C项错在five这一数字上。D项的内容可以从文章最后一段归纳出来。
答案:D
22.What is the right order according to the passage?
a.Charlie Chaplin made the film Easy Street.
b.The film Caught in the Rain was made.
c.Charlie Chaplin first visited America.
d.Charlie Chaplin met Mack Sennett.
e.Modern Times was made.
A.d,c,a,e,b
B.d,c,b,a,e
C.c,d,b,a,e
D.c,d,a,b,e
解析:排列顺序题。把握文章的细节,尤其是时间的顺序。c发生在1907年,d发生在第二次游历美国时,b发生在1914年,a发生在1917年,e发生在1936年。
答案:C
23.Which word can best describe Charlie Chaplin according to the passage?
A.Lovable.
B.Kind-hearted.
C.Strict.
D.Awkward.
解析:归纳判断题。根据文章对卓别林生平及事业的介绍,特别是最后一段中“his strictness”一词的提示,我们可以判断出:卓别林是一位工作严谨的艺术家。
答案:C
24.What do you think is the passage about?
A.Life of Chaplin.
B.Works of Chaplin.
C.Characters of Chaplin.
D.An introduction of Chaplin.
解析:主旨大意题。本文介绍了卓别林的生平,特别是在电影艺术方面的成就和贡献,D项的归纳最为贴切,最为全面。
答案:D
B
Being that I worked in a grocery store for 7 years,I know quite a bit about impulsive purchases.In fact,I helped(sadly to say) push certain products by placing them in a certain fashion.Through the experience,I tend to know some of the best ways to counter(抵制)the impulsive nature of buying things that are unnecessary.
The following is a 3-point list to counter the need to buy something shoved in your face...
Don’t bring the kids
You wouldn’t believe(or maybe you parents would) how much more junk(无用的东西) parents buy for their kids that is completely impulsive.Working as a checker at a grocery store,I quickly learned that most of the time kids were with their
parents,the parents would buy something else within 10 feet of the check stand.
Bring exact cash
I like to use my debit card(借记卡) because I am able to track every penny better,but holding and letting go of cash is much tougher for me personally.So,if I am going through a tough time budgeting properly,I will bring the allotted(限定
的)amount of cash to the place of business and only allow that to be used.
Ignore salesman
If you are at a department store and someone asks if you need help,try to ignore their push as much as possible.Sure,if you know nothing about laptops,get their advice,but even then I suggest doing your research pre-shop.Salesman could care less what you want.It’s all about what their quota(指标) or commission(回扣) is.Ignore them.
25.Why does the author write the passage?
A.To talk about her own shopping experiences.
B.To give readers some advice about resisting buying unnecessary things.
C.To complain about some bad experiences.
D.To tell us she has the habit of buying things that are unnecessary.
解析:主旨大意题。根据第一段的说明我们可以推断出作者的写作目的是给出几个抵制冲动消费的方法。
答案:B
26.Why does the author like to use debit card?
A.Because her debit card is convenient.
B.Because she has not much cash.
C.Because she can know where every her penny goes.
D.Because she has many debit cards.
解析:细节理解题。第二个建议中作者提到使用借记卡的优点在于能够追踪每一分钱的去向。
答案:C
27.Which statement about the passage is WRONG?
A.Parents always bring something else for their children.
B.The author will bring the exact cash to buy things when going through a tough time.
C.Salesmen care much about what you want,so you can follow their advice.
D.The author worked in a grocery store for 7 years.
解析:细节理解题。根据Ignore salesman可以直接作出判断。第三条建议中作者也提到不要相信推销人员的建议,因为他们只关注销售额和自己的回扣,而不太注意消费者的真正需要。
答案:C
C
Counterfeit(假的) medicines are a widespread problem in developing countries.Like other counterfeits,they look like real products.But counterfeit drugs may contain too little or none of the active ingredients of the real thing.
People do not get the medicine they need.And in some cases counterfeits cause death.Twenty children in Bangladesh died last year after being given acetaminophen(对乙酰氨基酚).The medications contained ingredients that looked,smelled and tasted like the real thing.The medicine was produced by a local drug company that used a dangerous substitute to save money.
The problem of counterfeit medicines is especially serious in Africa,Asia and Latin America.The WHO estimates that up to thirty percent of medicines on sale in many of those countries are counterfeit.The problem is less widespread among industrialized countries.The WHO says counterfeits make up less than one percent of the illegal drug market in countries like the United States,Canada,Japan,and New Zealand.
But the agency also says as much as fifty percent of the medicine sold on the Internet is counterfeit.
Much is being done to fight counterfeit drugs.Several companies are developing ways to make counterfeits easier to identify.And there are existing methods,like a machine that can quickly identify chemicals in pills to confirm if the pills are real.Other ideas include things like special tracking codes for drug packages.People could send a text message with the code and get a message back,which proves that what they bought is listed in a database.Some drug makers and other companies put three-dimensional images called holograms(全息图)on their products as a security device.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f4893621.html,st year twenty children in Bangladesh died because of .
A.online medicines
B.unreal drugs
C.acetaminophen
D.unclean water
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知,20名儿童服用了看似真药的假药而死亡。
答案:B
29.We can draw a conclusion from the passage that .
A.it is very cheap and convenient to buy medicines online
B.medicine companies don’t pay much attention to counterfeit drugs
C.more and more people will buy products online
D.we had better not buy medicines online
解析:推理判断题。第四段说明网上所出售的药物50%是假药,因此可以推断网上购药不可靠。
答案:D
30.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A.It reveals the reasons why counterfeit drugs are widespread.
B.Some measures are being taken to fight counterfeit drugs.
C.Special tracking codes for drug packages are used to identify counterfeits.
D.It shows the danger of counterfeit drugs.
解析:主旨大意题。该段的首句就是主题句,也是段落的中心大意。
答案:B
31.Which of the following country may have serious problems of counterfeit medicines?
A.Canada.
B.Japan.
C.New Zealand.
D.India.
解析:推理判断题。假药问题在发展中国家中比较严重。第三段说明了“The problem of counterfeit medicines is especially serious in Africa,Asia and Latin America.”,日本和印度同属于亚洲国家,该段落的最后一句话中将日本排除在外。
答案:D
D
Eleven-year-olds are to learn Shakespeare using the approaches taken by
actors,and English teachers will be encouraged to let pupils walk around the classroom rather than read the plays while pupils are sitting at their desks.
Within the English curriculum(课程) you tend to look at a play text as a piece of literature rather than performance.But you can’t possibly understand Shakespeare’s language if you’re just reading it in your head.Shakespeare is difficult; it’s not a 21st century text.You have to use different ways to understand it.
The new teaching way focuses on how actors come to unde rstand Shakespeare’s language.In fact actors have the same nervousness about Shakespeare’s language as young people in schools do.But in six to eight weeks they get to a place of complete confidence about the play.Pupils can do as well.
Exercises devised are to let children aged 11 to 14 imitate the methods of professional actors.Written and oral assessments developed alongside the lessons will show how well students have understood the texts.
In one task pupils will work on creating four key physical figures of
king,warrior(勇士),lover and joker,finding which lines of their chosen character go with those features first and then acting them out.Through this they can examine how a character such as Macbeth can switch dramatically within one scene from soldier to kingly figure to trick planner.It’s really creative but you’re still getting a really wonderful model of understanding.It’s miles away from a “chalk and talk” method.
Educators think Shakespeare should be a central part of every young person’s education.Developing a love of Shakespeare at a young age often leads to a lifelong passion for literature and helps to improve a child’s reading and writing.
32.How will young people learn Shakespeare?
A.Reading them aloud.
B.Reciting them.
C.Cooperating with actors.
D.Acting them out.
解析:细节理解题。参考文章第一段首句。学生通过表演,而不是单纯的阅读,来理解莎士比亚的作品。
答案:D
33.You cannot understand Shakespeare’s words easily because.
A.they are pieces of literature
B.their expressions are different
C.ordinary people cannot understand them
D.they are performances
解析:细节理解题。参考文章第二段中“Shakespeare is difficult; it’s not a 21st century text.You have to use different ways to understand it.”这段话。difficult和different 为关键词。
答案:B
34.The underlined sentence “It’s miles away from a ‘chalk and talk’ method.” in Paragraph 5 means .
A.chalk and talk are far away from each other
B.it is much better than the traditional way
C.chalk and talk are quite different
D.by chalk and talk we can understand Shakespeare
解析:句意理解题。要结合语境来理解该句话的意思。文章第五段说明了这种新的学习方式非常具有创造性,有助于学生对作品的真正理解。因此我们可以判断该方式比传统的“粉笔加讲授的填鸭式”教学方法好得多。
答案:B
35.What’s the best title of the reading passage?
A.The New Approach to Shakespeare
B.The Introduction to Shakespeare
C.How to Act Shakespeare’s Plays
D.Shakespeare’s Works in the English Curriculum
解析:主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一种新的学习方式:通过表演来学习莎士比亚的作品。因此A
项为正确标题。
答案:A
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。
A greeting is a friendly expression or gesture used when meeting or welcoming someone.Greetings usually happen before a conversation and sometimes accompanied by some greeting behaviors such as a small kiss or a hug and handshake.Though the time to greet someone is short,36 .Just as the Chinese saying goes “A kind word could warm one for three winters;a bad attitude would make one cold even in hot s ummer.”
The following are some greetings in different countries.
1.America:Firm handshakes should last 3-5 seconds.37 .When greeting multiple people,make eye contact with the person whose hand you are taking,and then go on to the next.They are not used to standing too closely.
2.United Kingdom:A handshake is the most common form of greeting for both men and women.When people are already familiar,verbal greetings are used.Personal space is important and people can feel uncomfortable if someone stands too close to them.
38 .
3.Australia:A handshake is the preferred greeting.When speaking to an Australian,keep an arm’s length distance from the person.39 ,and eye contact should be maintained as well.
4.Canada:A handshake is traditional.Men usually wait for women to offer
theirs.Direct,but not too intense eye contact is acceptable,especially to convey sincerity.The standard distance between two people should be two feet.40 .
A.Touching is generally avoided
B.people still greet each other with a “hello”
C.French Canadians,however,may stand slightly closer
D.its influence is long and profound
E.When people already know each other well,they needn’t greet
F.Good eye contact shows interest,sincerity and confidence
G.Maintaining personal space is important in this culture
答案:36~40 DFAGC
第三部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
It is a true story behind a well-known piece of art.
In a village near Nuremberg lived a family with eighteen children.Merely to keep food on the table,the father worked eighteen hours a day.Despite their 41 condition,two of the children had a dream to seek their talent for 42 ,but they knew well their father would never be able to send 43 of them to Nuremberg to study at the Academy.
The two boys finally worked out an agreement.They would toss(扔,掷)a coin.The
44 would work in the nearby mines to support his brother.Albrecht 45 the toss and went off to Nuremberg.Albert went into the dangerous mines,and for the next four years,financed his brother,46 work at the academy was almost an 47
success.Albrecht’s woodcut and oils were 48 better than those of his professors and he soon was earning considerable fees 49 his works.
When the young 50 returned home,the family held a festive dinner.Albrecht rose to toast to his beloved brother,“Now,Albert,it is your 51 to seek your dream and I will support you.”
All heads turned to the far end of the table,where Albert sat,tears streaming down his pale face,while he 52 and repeated,“No...no.”Finally,Albert rose and 53 the tears from his cheeks.He said softly,“I 54 go to Nuremberg,brother.It is too late for me.Look what four years in the mines have done to my hands!The bones in every finger have been smashed at least once,and I cannot even hold a glass to 55 your toast.”
Today,Albrecht’s masterful works 56 in every great museum in the world,but chances are great 57 you,like most people,are familiar with only one of
them.Albrecht drew his brother’s abused hands with palms toget her and thin 58 stretched skyward.He 59 it“The Praying Hands”.
Next time you see that touching creation,take a second look.Let it be your reminder,if you still need one,that no one ever makes it 60 !
41.A.hopeful B.lucky
C.disappointed
D.hopeless
解析:hopeful“有希望的”;lucky“幸运的”;disappointed“失望的”;hopeless“无望的,绝望的”。根据上一句“Merely to keep food on the table,the father worked eighteen hours a day”可以推知这是一个贫困得似乎毫无希望的家庭,故D项正确。
答案:D
42.A.music B.art
C.mining
D.farming
解析:根据文章第一段“It is a true story behind a wel l-known piece of art”可知,这里指兄弟俩具有艺术才华(talent for art)。
答案:B
43.A.all B.both
C.each
D.either
解析:结合前面的“their hopeless condition”以及下一段中第三句“The 44 would work in the nearby mines to support his brother”可推断出,他们两人谁都不可能被父亲送去艺术学校学习。故选either,意为“两者都不”。
答案:D
44.A.painter B.loser
C.winner
D.failure
解析:句意:输了的人要去附近的矿井去工作以资助他的兄弟。由上一句可知两人决定用扔硬币的方式决出胜负,自然是输了的人先去工作、挣钱。
答案:B
45.A.lost B.got
C.won
D.beat
解析:根据后面的“...and went off to Nuremberg”可知,阿尔布莱希特去了纽伦堡,即是赢的那一个。win the toss“猜中所掷硬币朝上的一面”。故C项正确。
答案:C
46.A.who B.his
C.whom
D.whose
解析:此处用whose引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作定语修饰work(作品),whose work at the academy为定语从句的主语。
答案:D
47.A.random B.immediate
C.attractive
D.ordinary
解析:random“任意的,随意的”;immediate“立即的”;attractive“吸引人的”;ordinary“平凡的”。由下句中的“...and he soon was earning considerable fees...”可推知阿尔布莱希特的作品很快就取得了成功,故B项正确。
答案:B
48.A.far B.quite
C.very
D.more
解析:句意:阿尔布莱希特的木版画和油画画得甚至比他的教授们还要好,他的作品很快就卖了不少钱。修饰形容词比较级better要用far。故A项正确。
答案:A
49.A.for B.to
C.in
D.at
解析:介词for表原因,意为“由于,因为”,符合语境。
答案:A
50.A.miner B.worker
C.artist
D.professor
解析:句意:当这位年轻的艺术家返回家乡的那天,家人为他准备了一顿丰盛的大餐。miner“矿工”;worker“工人”;artist“艺术家”;professor“教授”。根据上文可知阿尔布莱希特是艺术家,故C项正确。
答案:C
51.A.luck B.turn
C.move
D.moment
解析:句意:阿尔伯特,现在轮到你去追求梦想了,我将帮助你。It’s one’s turn to do
sth.“轮到某人做某事”,是固定句型,符合语境。
答案:B
52.A.sobbed B.nodded
C.smiled
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f4893621.html,ughed
解析:sob“啜泣,呜咽”;nod“点头”;smile“微笑”;laugh“笑”。根据上文“...tears streaming down his pale face”可知这里指他抽泣着说,故A项正确。
答案:A
53.A.recovered B.wept
C.wiped
D.handed
解析:recover“恢复”;weep“哭泣”;wipe“擦,消除”;hand“交、递”。根据语境可知此处表示阿尔伯特终于站起来擦干脸上的泪,故C项正确。
答案:C
54.A.can’t B.mustn’t
C.can
D.have to
解析:根据下文的描述可知阿尔伯特的手已经不能再作画了,故此处指“不能”去纽伦堡。故A项正确。
答案:A
55.A.hold B.return
C.move
D.turn
解析:句意:我的每根手指都至少骨折过一次,我甚至不能举杯回敬你。根据语境可知B项
return“回应”正确。
答案:B
56.A.hang B.represent
C.present
D.visit
解析:hang“悬挂”;represent“代表”;present“颁发;表现”;visit“参观”。根据语境可知此处表示“今天,阿尔布莱希特的大师级作品悬挂在世界各大博物馆中”,故A项正确。
答案:A
57.A.when B.that
C.which
D.as
解析:根据语境可知此处表示“但是,你很可能像大多数人一样,只对他的一幅作品很熟
悉”,chances are (that)...“可能……”是固定句型,符合语境。
答案:B
58.A.figures B.hands
C.fingers
D.arms
解析:句意:阿尔布莱希特请他的兄弟双手合十,指尖向上,然后画下了这双手。根据语境可知此处表示手掌合着,手指向上,故C项正确。
答案:C
59.A.said B.loved
C.told
D.called
解析:阿尔布莱希特叫这幅画《祈祷的手》。根据语境可知D项call“把……叫做”正确。
答案:D
60.A.yet B.out
C.alone
D.before
解析:句意:让它提醒你,如果你还需要提醒的话,那就是没有人能靠一己之力获得成功。yet“然而”;out“在外”;alone“独自地,单独地”;before“之前”。根据语境可知此处表示没有人能够独自成功,故C项正确。
答案:C
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Karen:Thanks for 61 (stay) tuned to our programme.Our next item is really 62 (interest).Twins are quite the fashion nowadays—there are books about twins,websites about twins;twins even have their own festivals and clubs.We63 (send) our reporter,Trevor Williams,to America to find out firsthand information about a very special twins place.Trevor,can you hear me?
Trevor:Yes,Karen,loud and clear.
Karen:And 64 are you today,Trevor?
Trevor:65 y ou can see,I’m here in the heart of New York City,in an amazing place to eat—Twins Restaurant.
Karen:Well,then Trevor,what can you tell us about the 66 ?
Trevor:Well,Karen,I spoke to the owners,twins Debbie and Lisa Ganz.67 told me that all the waiters and waitresses in their restaurant are identical twins—37 pairs 68 all—and they always work at the same time,at the same tables.
Karen:Don’t the customers get 69 (confuse)?
Trevor:That’s part of the fun!And by the way,if one twin is ill,the 70 one
ne edn’t bother to show up for work.They are only allowed to work in pairs.
Karen:Unbelievable!
答案:61.staying 62.interesting 63.have sent 64.where
65.As 66.restaurant 67.They 68.in 69.confused 70.other
第四部分写作(共两节,满分35分)
第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10
处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Steve was ten years old.He was a very good pupil,nor did he like doing his homework.When he did his homework,he always made a lot of mistake.
One day,his maths teacher went over Steve’s homework,see all his answers were right.He was very surprised instead being pleased.He asked Steve to explain what has happened,“You have got all your answers correctly this time,Steve.Did anyone help you?”
As the matter of fact,Steve’s mother often helped him with her lessons.And that evening,she was not able to because she wasn’t in.So Steve answered,“No,sir,my mother was busy last ni ght,so I had to do the homework all for myself.”
答案:第二句:was后加not
第三句:mistake→mistakes
第四句:see→seeing
第五句:instead后加of
第六句:has→had;correctly→correct
第七句:the→a;her→his
第八句:And→But
第九句:for→by或去掉for
第二节书面表达(满分25分)
假如你是张迪,美国Standford中学学生会主席Terry将于今年感恩节期间组织学生来你校访
:
注意:1.词数:100左右。
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考范文:
Dear Terry,
I am Zhang Di,Chairman of the School Students Union.I’m delighted to express our sincere welcome to you.Here is what we have arranged for you.
On November 26,our school will organize a series of activities,such as appreciating Chinese painting,practicing China Kungfu,and watching Beijing Opera
shows.On the second day,we are to hold a Thanksgiving Party,during which you will introduce the festival to us,watch a show as well as enjoy a thanksgiving dinner.On the last day,we’ll show you around some local places of interest,which are sure to impress you.
I hope you will have a wonderful time here.Looking forward to meeting you soon.
Best wishes,
Yours,
Zhang Di
第一部分语言知识和语言表达(教师) 一.识记现代汉语普通话的字音 教学建议 “识记现代汉语普通话的字音”，除1999年、2000年两年高考未出题外，其余年份均为必考题。分值从2001年开始，稳定为3分。本专题的复习目标，一是让学生明确所考字音的数量范围（3500常用字以内），以便平时复习有的放矢，不盲目扩大范围，不把注意力放到生僻的字词上去；二是明确数量范围内的重点（多音字；形近字；声旁已不能正确表音的形声字；字形毫无关联的同音字；读音正确，但声调易读错的字；易读错的生活常用字），平时多留意这几方面的字音；三是明确语音考题的类型，有针对性地训练和指导，提高解答这几种类型的题目的能力。 关于本考点所涉及的考题类型及解题的要点，已在以下几个栏目中作了详细的介绍和说明。 “问题磁场”部分一定要让学生多思考，在思考中有所悟；“案例探究”则要讲解充分，善于举一反三。教师要结合自己的知识和经验，在教学中有所拓展，有所完善。本书只是提供一个知识与思路的平台。 问题磁场使用指导 一、使用指导 本栏目贴近学生生活和兴趣，根据考点涉及的知识设题，意在让学生经过思考对本专题的内容有所了解，引出问题，为后面的探究作铺垫。使用时要让学生自己去思考，暴露出知识和能力上的缺陷，教师可根据需要再补充几个思考题加以拓展，在点拨中可初步引出相关的知识和解题要领。 二、问题磁场 1．下列加点字的读音正确吗？做完题目后想一想，这些字音你平时是不是这样读的，从中应吸取什么教训。 匕．首bì卑鄙． bì痱．子fēi 泡．沫pāo 车辆． liǎng 肄．业yí后裔．yī成绩． jī足迹．jī撒手 锏．jiàn 期刊 ．．qí kàng 宁．肯níng 压轴．zhóu 危．险wéi 出殡．bīn 台阶．jié倒．水dǎo 召．集zh āo 枉．费心机wàng 亚．洲yǎ复．杂fǔ质．量zhǐ [点拨]以上加点字字音的声母韵母都没有问题，但声调全是错误的。正确的声调分别是：匕．首bǐ卑鄙． bǐ痱．子fèi泡．沫pào 车辆．liàng 肄． 业yì后裔．yì成绩． jì足迹． jì撒手锏． jiǎn 期．刊．qīkān 宁．肯nìng 压轴．zhòu 危．险wēi 出殡．bìn 台阶．jiē倒．水dào 召．集zhào 枉．费心机wǎng 亚．洲yà复．杂fù质．量zhì。以上这些字就全国各方言区而言，有些是所有方言区都容易读错的，有些是南方方言区最容易读错的，而有些则是北方方言区最容易读出问题的——比如最后三个，总是把去声错读成上声。 从中应吸取的教训是：对于一个字，知道它的声母韵母读音是不够的，掌握了声调，才算完全掌握。对于这类字，平时往往会因为读音不太会错而出现麻痹心理，产生盲目的自信，以为自己不会有问题，可问题偏偏出现。因此，平时要多疑多问多查，切莫“大意失荆州”。 2．下面这些字的读音全部错误，你能一一纠正，读出正确的语音吗？说说看，这些字在使用方面有什么特点。 荸．荠bó豆豉．gǔ豇．豆gān 韭．菜fēi 香蕈．táng 冬笋．shǔn 豌．豆wǎn 秕．谷pǐ土坯．p ēi 河浜．bīng 妯娌 ．．yóu lí亲．家qīn 咱俩．liǎng [点拨]这些字的正确读音分别是：荸．荠bí豆豉．chǐ豇．豆jiāng 韭．菜jiǔ香蕈．xùn 冬笋．s ǔn 豌．豆wān 秕．谷bǐ土坯．pī河浜．bāng妯娌 ．．zhóu lǐ亲．家qìng 咱俩． liǎ。 这些字的使用特点是：日常生活中经常用到的名词或名称。这是必须过关的基本语音群，但却很容易读错，尤其是南方方言区的考生。以后在复习时要多加留意。 3．下列加点字的读音正确吗？请你判断、纠正，并对它们的字形特点归纳分析，说说这类字在什么方面易出问题。 恫．吓tóng 侗．族tóng 懒．惰lài蓓．蕾péi嗾．使zǔ沏．茶qiè砌．墙qiè奇葩．bā怯．弱qù 倘．若shàng 倜傥 ．．zhōu dǎng 怄．气qū [点拨]这是一组形声字，它们的声旁应该是 表音的，所以上面全按声旁注音了；但随着时间 的推移，很多形声字的声旁已不能正确表音了， 以上这些字就是，已经没有一个字能按声旁正确 读出了，所以上面的注音全部错误。正确读音分 别是：恫．吓dòng 侗．族dòng懒．惰lǎn蓓．蕾bèi
1 窦娥冤 一、语基落实 1.下列词语中加点的字,注音全都正确的一项是() A.看觑．(qù) 罪愆．(qiān) 燕侣莺俦．(shòu) B.绣闼．(tà)提．防(tí)当垆．涤器(lú) C.忤．逆(wǔ)阑珊．(shān)披枷．带锁(jiā) D.恓．惶(xī)田畴．(chóu)湛．湛青天(zhèn) 解析:A项,“燕侣莺俦”的“俦”应读“chóu”;B项,“提防”的“提”应读“dī”;D项,“湛湛青天”的“湛”应读“zhàn”。 答案:C 2.下列词语中没有错别字的一项是() A.动地惊天顺水推船错堪贤愚两泪涟涟 B.左侧右偏前合后揠孤身只影吞声忍气 C.怕硬欺软啼啼哭哭怨气冲天负屈衔冤 D.苌弘化璧望帝啼鹃古陌荒阡委实冤枉 解析:A项,“堪”应为“勘”;B项,“揠”应为“偃”;D项,“璧”应为“碧”。 答案:C 3.下列句中加点的成语使用不正确的一项是() A.自从窦天章上朝取应之后,一直杳无音信 ．．．．,直到窦娥含冤被杀后,才再次出现,这也给主人公造成了无法弥补的悲哀。 B.我本是要把这本小说当废品扔掉的,听说他们需要这本书,我便顺水推船 ．．．．地把它送给了他们,让他们着实高兴了一阵。 C.困难从来是欺软怕硬 ．．．．的,只要我们具有坚忍不拔的精神、刻苦好学的勇气,任何困难都将为之望而却步。 D.现代住房讲究采光与通风,但有的装修却弄巧成拙,将许多本来光线充足的房间搞得不明不 ．．．暗．,通风效果也大受影响。 解析:D项,“不明不暗”,糊里糊涂,不能用来形容光线是否充足。 答案:D 4.下列语句中没有语病的一项是() A.《窦娥冤》大约是关汉卿四十岁左右时的作品,那时元朝刚刚统一天下,元世祖忽必烈在位,正是元朝“最清明、最鼎盛”的时期。 B.让窦娥临终的三个愿望都实现,也从侧面表现了“神灵”和“天道”还是存在的,世界上还是有“公理”和“正义”的。 C.作者运用浪漫主义的艺术创作手法,通过奇特的构思和想象,让现实生活中不可能发生乃至实现的事在舞台上发生并得以应验。 D.窦娥冤案只是一桩冤案,并无曲折离奇的情节,但这桩冤案却具有普遍的社会意义,它是法制黑暗和官吏昏聩的写照和典型。
考点规范练34生命中的基础化学物质有机合成 及推断 （时间:45分钟满分:100分） 非选择题（共6小题,共100分） 1.（16分）香料G的一种合成工艺如下图所示。 A的分子式为C5H8O,其核磁共振氢谱显示有两组峰,其峰面积之比为1∶1。 已知:CH3CH2CH CH2CH3CHBrCH CH2 CH3CHO＋CH3CHO CH3CH CHCHO＋H2O 请回答下列问题: （1）G中含氧官能团的名称为,B生成C的反应类型为。 （2）A的结构简式为。 （3）写出下列转化的化学方程式: D E。 （4）有学生建议,将M N的转化用酸性KMnO4溶液代替O2,老师认为不合理,原因是。 2.（16分）A（C3H6）是基本有机化工原料。由A制备聚合物C和的合成路线（部分反应条件略去）如图所示。 已知:＋|| ;R—COOH 回答下列问题: （1）A的名称是,B含有的官能团的名称是（写名称）。（2）C的结构简式为,D→E的反应类型为。 （3）E F的化学方程式为。 （4）中最多有个原子共平面。 发生缩聚反应生成有机物的结构简式为。（5）B的同分异构体中,与B具有相同的官能团且能发生银镜反应的共有种;其中核磁共振氢谱为3组峰,且峰面积之比为6∶1∶1的是（写结构简式）。 （6）结合题给信息,以乙烯、HBr为起始原料制备丙酸,设计合成路线（其他试剂任选）。合成路线流程图示例:
CH3CHO CH3COOH CH3COOCH2CH3 3.（16分）双酚A型环氧树脂广泛应用于涂料、玻璃钢、包封等领域,可由下列路线合成而得（部分反应条件和产物略去）: 已知:二酚基丙烷简称双酚A,双酚A型环氧树脂的结构简式为: 回答下列问题: （1）A含有的官能团结构简式为,C的化学名称为。 （2）A B的反应类型为,双酚A的核磁共振氢谱共有个吸收峰。（3）分子中不含碳碳双键的D的同分异构体（不考虑立体异构）共有种。 （4）写出由D和双酚A合成双酚A型环氧树脂的化学方程式: 。 （5）参照上述双酚A型环氧树脂的合成路线,设计一条由环戊二烯为起始原料制备 的合成路线。 4.（18分）有机化合物J是治疗胃溃疡的辅助药物,一种合成路线如下: B C（C8H9Br）D（C8H10O）E G I 回答下列问题: （1）烃B中含氢元素的质量分数为7.69%,其相对分子质量小于118,且反应A→B为加成反应,则B 分子中最多有个原子共平面。 （2）X的名称为;H的官能团名称是。 （3）I→J的反应条件为,反应G→H的反应类型为。 （4）反应C→D的化学方程式为。 （5）化合物I有多种同分异构体,同时满足下列条件的同分异构体有种。 ①能发生水解反应和银镜反应; ②能与FeCl3溶液发生显色反应; ③苯环上有四个取代基,且苯环上一卤代物只有一种
课时训练20 种树郭橐驼传 一、夯基训练 1.对下列句子中加点词的解释,不正确的一项是( ) A.郭橐驼,不知始．何名始:当初,原来。 B.凡植木之性,其本欲舒．舒:舒展。 C.其土欲故,其筑欲密．密:结实。 D.见长．人者好烦其令长:年长。 解析:D项,长:治理。 答案:D 2.下列句子中,加点的词与现代汉语意思一致的一项是( ) A.不抑耗其实 ．．而已 B.他植者虽窥伺 ．．效慕 C.吾小人 ．．辍飧饔以劳吏者 D.能顺木之天以致 ．．其性焉尔 解析:A项,“其实”古义为“它的果实”,今义表示所说的是实际情况;C项,“小人”古义为“小民,地位低的人”,今义与“君子”相对,指人格卑鄙的人;D项,“以致”古义为两个词,意为“来使……发展”,今义为连词。 答案:B 3.下列句子中,加点虚词的意义和用法完全相同的一项是( ) A. B. C. D. 解析:A项,动词,像/代词,你,你们;B项,均为连词,却;C项,介词,把/介词,用;D项,副词,尚且/连词,而且。 答案:B 4.下列句子中,句式特点与所给例句不相同的一项是( ) 示例:故不我若也 A.他植者虽窥伺效慕,莫能如也 B.惟兄嫂是依 C.不知始何名 D.又何以蕃吾生而安吾性耶 解析:A项,省略句,其余三项和示例一样,均为宾语前置句。 答案:A 5.下列句子中,加点的词按用法分类正确的一组是( ) ①名．我固当②旦．视而暮．抚③早实．以蕃④其筑．欲密 ⑤非有能硕茂 ．．之也⑥非有能早．而蕃．之也⑦爪．其肤以验其生枯⑧而木之性日．以离矣⑨又何以蕃．吾生而安．吾性耶 A.①③④⑦/②⑧/⑤⑥⑨ B.①②③⑦/④/⑤⑥⑨/⑧ C.①③④⑦/②/⑤⑨/⑥/⑧ D.①②③⑦/④/⑤⑨/⑥⑧
第3节生态系统的物质循环 从容说课 许多同学认为与消耗能量一样，生物也在不断地消耗着物质，本节的“问题探讨”便是针对学生这一认识提出来的。在学习了能量流动之后，学生可以很自然地讨论“问题探讨”所提出的问题，由此开始本节的教学。在讨论中，学生可能会提出如“煤炭、石油等资源难道不能被耗尽吗？”等问题。教师可引导学生解决这一认知冲突：（1）煤炭、石油等是人类从事现代工业活动的物质资源，而非生态系统中生命活动所需的物质资源。（2）煤炭、石油等资源是有限的，这些资源的形成需要相当长的时间，而消耗它们所需的时间却要短得多。事实上，物质循环时时刻刻发生在我们身边。因此，可以让学生联系自身感受物质循环的存在。 基于已有的知识，学生并不难理解“碳循环”的内容，但教师应把握：（1）生产者合成的含碳有机物被各级消费者所利用。（2）碳在生物群落与无机环境之间的循环主要是以二氧化碳的形式进行的。（3）碳循环具有全球性。（4）通过碳循环的实例，提示学生注意，“生态系统的物质循环”中的“生态系统”是指生物圈，其中的物质循环带有全球性，所以又叫生物地球化学循环。 在学生对碳循环理解的基础上，教师可以补充氮循环和硫循环。 关于生态系统物质循环的概念,应当讲清楚以下要点: (1)这里所说的生态系统 是指地球上最大的生态系统——生物圈,也就是说要让学生明确生态系统物质循环 的范围。(2)这里所说的物质主要是指组成生物体的基本化学元素,而不是指由这些元素组成的糖类、脂肪和蛋白质等生物体内所特有的物质。(3)这里所说的循环是指组成生物体的基本化学元素在生物群落与无机环境之间的往返运动,其中伴随着复 杂的物质变化和能量转化,并不是物质的单纯移动。(4)生态系统的物质循环离不开能量的驱动。 应当注意联系生态环境实际,如联系滥伐森林对碳循环的影响、化石燃料的大量燃烧与温室效应、酸雨等，氟利昂、含氮气体的排放与臭氧层空洞等。 “温室效应”是近年来在日常生活中频繁出现的词汇，学生并不陌生，而且切身感受到了温室效应的存在。对温室效应形成原因的讨论，是学生感兴趣的话题。在讨论中，教师应引导学生充分发表自己的观点。 可以通过讨论、列表比较来学习能量流动和物质循环的关系。教师应把握：（1）能量流动和物质循环是生态系统动态变化过程中的两个方面（即一个过程的两个方面，而不是两个过程），两者是同时进行的，彼此相互依存，不可分割。（2）能量流动和物质循环的性质不同：能量流动是单方向的，物质是循环的。（3）能量流动和物质循环都借助于食物链和食物网进行。（4）生态系统中的各种组成成分，正是通过能量流动和物质循环，才能够紧密地联系在一起，形成一个统一的整体。 本小节是以“生态系统的结构”“生态系统的能量流动”以及第三章中物质代谢和能量代谢的知识，特别是绿色植物的“光合作用”和“生物的呼吸作用”等为基础。同时，本小节也是第九章《生态环境的保护》的基础。所以，学好本小节内容，对学习生态系统具有承上启下的作用。 教学重点分析生态系统中的物质循环。 教学难点说明能量流动和物质循环的关系。 教具准备 1.文字资料1：碳循环模型、能量流动和物质循环的模型。 2.文字资料2：氮循环和硫循环示意图。 3.文字资料3：物质循环与能量流动关系表格。 4.文字资料4：课堂问题、例题。 5.挂图：生态系统的碳循环模式图。 6.视频：温室效应等环境问题。 课时安排2课时。
政治八年级上期末测试 （时间：60分钟分值：100分）第Ⅰ卷（选择题共60分）（本大题共20小题，每小题3分，共60分。在每题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的） 1．王辰因迟到受到老师批评。但当老师了解了王辰迟到的原因后，随即表扬了她。对老师的批评与表扬，王辰同学应持的态度是（） A．表扬时飘飘然，批评时垂头丧气 B．只听表扬，拒绝批评 C．对批评不抱怨，对表扬不自满 D．对表扬和批评不要在乎 2．欣赏与赞美是交往的艺术，学会欣赏与赞美，是与人相处的重要内容。把赞美的阳光慷慨地施与别人，既鼓舞了他人，又愉悦了自己。下列说法中不属于欣赏与赞美的句子是（） A．好朋友考试成绩有进步，对他说：“你真行！” B．同桌穿一件新衣服上学，对她说：“真漂亮！” C．班里某位同学出手打人，对他说：“真勇敢！” D．竞选失败的你对成功者说：“祝贺你！” 3．俗话说，“金无足赤，人无完人”“水至清则无鱼，人至察则无徒”。这些人生的哲理名言都告诉我们，在交友的过程中，应该（） A．只看朋友的优点，不看朋友的缺点 B．以宽容的态度对待朋友 C．什么样的人都是可以做朋友的 D．对待朋友的缺点应该睁一只眼、闭一只眼，不要太较真儿 4．在一次中外学生联谊会上，一位意大利学生称赞她的中国同学穿得漂亮，中国同学却说：“哪里哪里，随便穿穿。”这使意大利学生以为中国同学“太虚伪了”。这一事例说明（） A．中外服饰文化存在很大差异 B．中国的服饰文化太落后 C．生活在不同文化背景中的人，会有不同的待人处事的方式 D．中国同学与外国朋友交往缺乏真诚 5．八年级学生郭静迷恋网络游戏，每天背着书包上学，满脑子装的都是游戏，根本无心学习，连过去亲密的同学她也不屑与他们交往。郭静的行为警示我们（） ①上网就会成瘾，应排斥网络②沉迷网络会荒废学业③要正确处理上网和学习的关系④要正确认识网络的两面性，用其所长，避其所短 A．②③④B．①②④ C．③④D．①③④ 6．“在贫困中，她任劳任怨，乐观开朗，用青春的朝气驱赶种种不幸；在艰难里，她无怨无悔，坚守清贫，让传统的孝道充满着每个细节。虽然艰辛填满了四千多个日子，可是她的笑容依然灿烂如花。”这就是对带着瘫痪养母上大学的“临汾最美女孩”孟佩杰的真实写照。她告诉我们（） ①父母对子女的爱是世界上最无私、最伟大的爱②孝敬父母是为人的基本要求，是中华民族的传统美德③孝敬父母要表现在实际行动上④孝敬父母就是要在物质上赡养父母 A．①② B．③④ C．②③ D．①④ 7．小新在一节数学课上听MP3被老师发现。当老师向他走去时，小新把MP3藏了起来，对老师说他根本就没有听歌，并当堂和老师吵闹起来。下列看法正确的是（）A．建立平等的师生关系，老师在课堂上不能批评学生 B．建立民主的师生关系，学生在课堂上可以反驳老师 C．建立和谐的师生关系，学生要正确对待老师的批评
第一、二单元单元检测 （时间：45分钟满分：100分） 一、选择题（每小题3分，共60分） 1．常言道：“一山不容二虎”，但是俄国二月革命后，出现了“二虎”并存的局面，这两个政权是（）。 ①沙皇政府②临时政府③工人士兵代表苏维埃④人民委员会⑤苏联 A．①② B．③④ C．①⑤ D．②③ 2．新华网莫斯科2010年11月7日电俄罗斯各地民众7日举行游行和集会活动，纪念伟大的社会主义十月革命93周年。下列论述中，不属于俄国十月革命的成果的是（）。 A．推翻了资产阶级临时政府的统治B．俄国退出了第一次世界大战 C．推翻了沙皇的专制统治D．建立了世界上第一个工人士兵苏维埃政府3．2010年度中国“十大流行语”排行榜上，排在前两位的是“上海世博会”“给力”，如果1917年的俄国也有一个“年度十大流行语”排行榜，你认为排在前两位的应是（）。 A．十月革命、人民委员会B．苏联成立、新经济政策 C．农业集体化、新宪法D．“一五”计划、赫鲁晓夫改革 4．2011年1月21日，在列宁逝世87周年纪念日之际，俄罗斯境内再次发起了把列宁的遗体移出红场的运动。列宁为无产阶级革命和建设作出的巨大贡献是（）。 ①废除农奴制改革②领导十月革命胜利③实施新经济政策④制定苏联新宪法 A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．①④ 5．对下图中的两个人物的介绍不正确的是（）。 A．两人都曾经是苏联的最高领导人 B．两人都对社会主义建设道路进行了探索 C．在两个人的共同领导下，苏联完成了两个五年计划 D．两人都对俄国社会主义革命和建设作出了不可磨灭的贡献 6．下图是一幅反映苏联经济发展严重失衡的漫画，造成这种现象的主要原因是（）。 A．战时共产主义政策B．实行新经济政策 C．斯大林模式D．废除农奴制改革 7．沙俄、苏俄、苏联、俄罗斯是以当今俄罗斯为主体的不同时期的国名，下列事件发
《志鸿优化设计》 2019年高考物理（鲁科版）第二轮练习题库：第四章曲线运动万有引力与航天第三节圆周运动 【一】不定项选择题 1．〔2019·上海奉贤区调研〕在相等的两段时间内物体速度的变化量不同的运动是〔〕 A、自由落体运动 B、平抛运动 C、匀速圆周运动 D、匀减速直线运动 2．如下图为一种〝滚轮——平盘无级变速器〞的示意图，它由固定于主动轴上的平盘和可随从动轴移动的圆柱形滚轮组成。由于摩擦的作用，当平盘转动时，滚轮就会跟随转动，如果认为滚轮不会打滑，那么主动轴转速n1、从动轴转速n2、滚轮半径r 以及滚轮距离主动轴中心的距离x之间的关系是〔〕 A、n2＝ n1xr B 、n2＝n1r x C、n2＝n1x2r2 D、n2＝n1xr[来源:1ZXXK] 3．〔2019·河北正定中学月考〕如下图，质量为m的物体从半
径为R的半球形碗边向碗底滑动，滑到最低点时的速度为v。假设物体滑到最低点时受到的摩擦力是Ff，那么物体与碗的动摩擦因数为〔〕 A、Ffmg B、Ffmg＋mv2R C、Ffmg－mv2R D、Ffmv2R 4．上海磁悬浮线路需要转弯的地方有三处，其中设计的最大转 弯处半径达到8 000 m，用肉眼看几乎是一条直线，而转弯处最 小半径也达到1 300 m。一个质量50 kg的乘客坐在以360 km/h 不变速率驶过半径2 500 m弯道的车厢内，以下说法正确的选项是〔〕 A、乘客受到来自车厢的力，大小约为200 N B、乘客受到来自车厢的力，大小约为539 N C、弯道半径设计特别长可以使乘客在转弯时舒适一些[来 源:Z#xx#https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f4893621.html,] D、弯道半径设计特别长可以减小转弯时列车的倾斜程度 5．一般的曲线运动可以分成很多小段，每小段都可以看成圆周 运动的一部分，即把整条曲线用一系列不同半径的小圆弧来代替。如图〔a〕所示，曲线上的A点的曲率圆定义为：通过A点和曲线上紧邻A点两侧的两点作一圆，在极限情况下，这个圆就叫 做A点的曲率圆，其半径ρ叫做A点的曲率半径。现将一物体 沿与水平面成α角的方向以速度v0抛出，如图〔b〕所示。那么在其轨迹最高点P处的曲率半径是〔〕
《志鸿优化设计》2019年高考数学人教A版理科二轮练习教学案：第十一章概率与统计11．7随机抽样 考纲要求 1．理解随机抽样的必要性和重要性． 2．会用简单随机抽样方法从总体中抽取样本，了解分层抽样和系统抽样方法． 1．总体、个体、样本、样本容量的概念 统计中所考察对象的全体构成的集合看做总体，构成总体的每个元素作为个体，从总体中抽取的__________所组成的集合叫做样本，样本中个体的____叫做样本容量． 2．简单随机抽样 一般地，设一个总体含有N个个体，从中逐个______地抽取n 个个体作为样本(n≤N)，如果每次抽取时总体内的各个个体被抽到的__________，就把这种抽样方法叫做简单随机抽样． 最常用的简单随机抽样的方法有两种：______和________．．3．系统抽样 当总体中的个体比较多时，首先把总体分成均衡的假设干部分，然后________________ ，从每一部分中抽取一个个体，得到所需要的样本，这种
抽样方法叫做系统抽样． 4 ．分层抽样 一般地，在抽样时，将总体分成互不交叉的层，然后按照 __________，从各层独立地抽取一定数量的个体，将各层取出的个体合在一起作为样本， 这种抽样方法是分层抽样． 1．某社区有500户家庭，其中高收入家庭125户，中等收入家庭280户，低收入家庭95户，为了调查社会购买力的某项指标，要从中抽取一个 容量为100户的样本，记作①；某学校高三年级有12名足球运动员，要从中选出3人调查学习负担情况，记作②.那么完成上述两项调查应采用的抽样方法是()． A、①用分层抽样法，②用简单随机抽样法 B、①用简单随机抽样法，②用系统抽样法 C、①用系统抽样法，②用分层抽样法 D、①用系统抽样法，②用系统抽样法 2．为确保食品安全，质检部门检查一箱装有1 000件包装食品的质量，抽查总量的2%.在这个问题中以下说法正确的选项是()． A、总体是指这箱1 000件包装食品
【志鸿优化设计】2016届高考英语一轮复习 Modules1-3 Deep South The Renaissance Foreign Food考点规范练39（含解析）外研版选修8 Ⅰ.阅读理解 In 1975,George Carlin appeared on a popular TV show,Saturday Night Live,with his famous words about blue food.“Why is there no blue food?I can’t find blue foo d—I can’t find the flavor of blue! I mean yellow is lemon;orange is orange and red is cherry.Where is the blue food?” Well,Carlin pretty much has it right—there’s not no blue food,but there’s certainly not a lot of it.Fresh-picked blueberries are blue,though they become purple when they are turned into jam.The blue in blueberries—like the purple in grapes and the red in tomatoes—is found in nature.But it isn’t a hot color for food.People don’t seem to prefer blue food.Some diet programs even suggest that those determined to lose weight should make their food blue. Eating,in part,begins with our eyes.Charles Spence—an experimental psychologist from Oxford University—points out that color can change our taste https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f4893621.html,monly,we consider red-colored foods up to 20% sweeter than they actually are,and green foods as being more sour.Spence suggests: human expectations may be influenced by our long history of watching—green fruits can become sweet as they grow up and turn red. But what about blue?Except blueberries,much of the blue food we see these days is dyed blue artificially.Food producers argue that artificial color doesn’t do much harm to health.A lot of studies show that some physical problems of kids are related to food dyes—while other studies show no effects at all.Blue birthday cake or even blue-dyed chicken can be served on the dinner table.So what? 1.George Carlin’s words are placed at the beginning of the passage to . A.show the author’s opinion B.introduce a TV show C.tell a famous person D.lead in the topic 2.Which of the following statements of blue is true? A.Blueberries are always blue,whether fresh or not. B.The blue in blueberries is found unnatural. C.Blue is not a very popular color for foods. D.People often feel cold when they eat blueberries. 3.Eating sometimes begins with our eyes because . A.our taste experience can be influenced by color B.red-colored food are 20% sweeter than green food C.people prefer red-colored food to green food D.before eating,people watch food for a long time 4.The underlined part in Para.4 is closest in meaning to “”. A.is eaten up B.has grown up C.is changed in color D.is harmful to Ⅱ.完形填空 In America,people will buy a case or two of bottled water when buying the week’s groceries.When they are going to a soccer game or activity,it’s 1 for them to grab a bottle of cold water out of the fridge with them.In fact,Americans buy more bottled water 2 any other nation in the world,about 29 billion bottles a year.
《志鸿优化设计》2019年高考数学（人版）二轮练习教学案：第11章概率与统计11．4抽样方法 考纲要求 1．理解随机抽样的必要性和重要性． 2．会用简单随机抽样法从总体中抽取样本；了解分层抽样和系统抽样方法，或根据分层抽样比计算总体或样本中的个体数．1．简单随机抽样 (1)定义 从个体数为N的总体中__________取出n(n＜N)个个体作为 ________，如果每个个体都有__________被取到，那么这样的抽样方法称为简单随机抽样． (2)分类 简单随机抽样???，. 2 ．系统抽样的步骤 假设要从容量为N的总体中抽取容量为n(n＜N)的样本，系统抽样的步骤为： (1)采用______的方式将总体中的N个个体编号． (2)将编号按间隔k分段，当N n是整数时，k＝________；当N n不是整数时，从总体中__________，使剩下的总体中个体
的个数N′能被n整除，这时k＝__________，并将剩下的总体重新编号． (3)在第一段中用简单随机抽样确定______的个体编号l. (4)按照一定的规那么抽取样本，通常将编号为l，______， ______，…，________的个体抽出． 3．分层抽样 当总体由________的几个部分组成时，为了使______更客观地反映总体情况，我们常常将总体中的个体按________分成 __________的几部分，然后按各部分在总体中__________实施抽样，这种抽样方法叫分层抽样． 1． ．某中学进行了该学年度期末统一考试，该校为了了解高一年级1 000名学生的考试成绩，从中随机抽取了100名学生的成绩单，就这个问题来说，下面说法正确的序号是__________．． ① 1 000名学生是总体 ②每个学生是个体 ③1 000名学生的成绩是一个个体 ④样本的容量是100 2．老师在班级50名学生中，依次抽取学号为 5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50的学生进行作业检查，这种抽样方法是