Unit 2 English around the world
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018·长郡中学高三实验班选拔)On Wednesday, nearly 300 kids will take part in the National Spelling Bee. Fewer will make it to the following day's semi-finals, where one mistake means elimination(淘汰). I'd bet that many of them will be silently praying—not on the first word. I knew __it__ because I was there 17 years ago.
I was a 14-year-old girl then. My mother and I had flown from Kentucky to Washington, but the capital was no strange to her. My older sister had already competed at the national level.
When my sister was 14 and I was 12, we trained together. We began with the Suggested List given out at school—hundreds of words printed on a poster that could be folded up like a map. When the words along the creases(褶痕) began to disappear, we bought additional spelling lists.
Sometimes my mother tested us, reading words most English teachers wouldn't know how to pronounce, let alone my Indian-born mother. When she pointed out the misspelled words, I blamed her accent for my errors!
When it was my turn, I approached the microphone and waited for my first word.
The announcer was somewhere to my left, a man who pronounced clearly. “Barbican，” he said.
It seemed that my competitors were secretly complaining about the relative ease of my word. Would they laugh at me if I couldn't spell it? Would my mother be disappointed in me? That last syllable could go two ways: C-A-N or C-O-N. Which one was right? Finally I decided on C-O-N.
Of course, I was eliminated and guided to the Comfort Room, where parents couldn't enter. Inside, recent losers were sitting around a table abundant with junk food.
We casually mentioned the words that defeated us, like a special ceremony to welcome each new arrival. Then we changed the subjects if we'd already moved on from missed words and lost opportunities.
Eventually, I went out and saw my mother.
“Well，” she said, “__I_guess_you_won't_be_doing_this_again.__” Yes, next year I would be 15 and not allowed to take part in the competition.
语篇导读
本文为记叙文，讲述了“我”14岁时参加全国英文拼字大赛的经历。
1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A．The difficulty of the first word. B．The fierce competition.
C．The nervousness of the kids. D．The strict rules.
解析C代词指代题。根据第一段最后两句可知，参加比赛的孩子都很紧张，所以默默祈祷，千万别在第一个单词就被淘汰；而“我”知道孩子们紧张是因为“我”在17年前有过这样的经历。据此可知，it指代孩子们的紧张，故选C项。
2．The author failed probably because ________.
A．she was unable to relax B．the announcer had an accent
C．her competitors disturbed her D．she didn't practise hard enough
解析A推理判断题。根据第七段前三句可以判断，“我”无法放松，心里想得很多，所以影响发挥而被淘汰，故选A项。
3．What did the author do in the Comfort Room?
A．She met her mother. B．She comforted new arrivals.
C．She talked with other losers. D．She watched the competition.
解析C细节理解题。根据第九段可知，在the Comfort Room里，“我”在和其他淘汰者聊天，故选C项。
4．Why did the author's mother say the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?
A．She was disappointed in the author.
B．The author would be beyond the age limit.
C．She didn't want the author to suffer again.
D．The author had no interest in the competition.
解析B细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可以判断，“我”由于超过年龄限制，不能再参赛，故选B项。
B
(2018·湖北重点中学新高三起点)
How to avoid a boring conversation
What excuses should you use to avoid talking to people you don't want to talk to? Here are tips and inoffensive ways to get out of unwanted conversations.
ⅰ.Go for a refill(续杯)．
It is natural for anyone at a party to be excused to get a refill.
5．____________ And once you excuse yourself, make a move fast before the person requests you to get a refill for him as well.
必修一Unit 1Friendship Ⅰ.常考单词必背 1．upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt.(upset，upset) 使不安；使心烦；打翻，碰倒；打乱 She was upset about losing her job. 她正为失去工作而心烦意乱。 Losing the ring upset her very much. 遗失戒指使她很心烦意乱。 [快速闪记] be upset about/over/at sth 为某事心烦 upset oneself about sth 为某事而烦恼 2．ignore vt.不理睬；忽视 Either she didn't see me wave or she ignored me on purpose.要么她没看见我招手，要么就是故意不理我。 [快速闪记] ignorant adj.不了解的，无知的 ignorance n．不了解，无知 3．concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到n．担心；关注；(利害)关系 The accident was concerned with the bus driver. 这次事故与公交车司机有关。 There is some cause for concern but no need for alarm. 是有点令人忧虑，但不必惊慌。 [快速闪记] concerned adj.担心的；关注的 be concerned about/for关心；担忧；挂念
be concerned with牵涉到……，与……有关 as/so far as...be concerned关于；至于；就……而言 4．power n．能力；力量；权力 The power was cut off and the street was entirely in darkness.断电后街道完全陷入了黑暗。 She was the one who had the power to hire or fire people.有权雇用或解雇人的是她。[快速闪记] (1)come to power上台，当权，表示动作，不能和一段时间连用。 (2)be in power当权，执政，表示状态，可以和一段时间连用。 (3)have the power to do sth 具有做某事的能力、权力 beyond/out of one's power某人力所不能及 5．settle vi.安家；定居；停留vt.使定居；安排；解决 They calmed down and settled their problem soon. 他们镇静下来并很快把问题解决了。 Mr.Wang settled down in America soon after he got there.王先生到美国后不久就定居下来了。 [快速闪记] (1)settle down舒适地坐下；安静下来；定居下来 settle down to sth/doing sth开始认真对待某事；定下心来做某事 (2)settlement n．解决；协议 6．suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历 We'll suffer hunger one day if we don't care about the farmland.如果我们不关注农田，将来我们会挨饿的。 [快速闪记] suffering n．痛苦；苦难sufferer n．患病者；受难者 7．pack vi.& vt.捆扎；包装；打行李n．小包；包裹 As soon as I graduated，I packed my bags and moved to the west of China.一毕业我就收拾行李去了中国西部。 A pack of reporters were waiting outside for the latest news.一群记者在外面等待最
高三英语第一轮复习计划 一、多听老师的，少自作主张 虽然同学们之前经历过很多考试，但高考对于我们来讲还是有些陌生。就算有些学生在高一、高二已经做过高考题，对于自己的知识缺陷到底有哪些，高考的重点是什么也不一定有非常清晰的了解。而高三的英语第一轮复习主要就是从语法和词法两个方面帮助大家 梳理知识，并对应试策略加以指导。教高三的教师大都有着非常丰富的高考经验，也都会制定详细的教学计划，因此我们在安排自己的复习内容时要尽量和老师同步，把当天复习的内容彻底搞清楚，并辅以相应的练习加以巩固。遇到不会的，应该第一时间请教老师，千万不要留到最后甚至弃置不管。 二、多用碎时间，少搞大突击 英语学科是非常适合利用零碎时间来学习的。五分钟的时间能干什么?也许别的学科可以安排的复习活动并不多，但是英语却有很多。比如我们可以背单词，可以做一篇速读，可以朗读一篇文章，可以做若干个单项选择，可以听听力，可以翻看任何英语的杂志、报刊甚至小说等。总而言之，时间是海绵里的水，挤挤总是有的。当然，如果我们要复习一个比较重要的语法项目，或者做一套英语试题的时候，我们也需要相对完整的时间，但基于语言学习的灵活性，同学们要培养语言学习的意识。Learning is anytime, anywhere with anyone。(学习无处不在)有些学生在制定自己的复习计划时，把一个星期中的七天分别给了不同的科目，这样做是不太科学的。正确的做
法是每天复习两至三科为宜，而英语虽然持续时间不需要很长，但每天都接触确实十分必要的。A little bit every day makes perfect(点滴铸就完美)。 三、多接触英语，少钻研语法 近几年的高考越来越重视同学们运用英语的能力，逐渐削弱了对于语法的考察。纵观一份高考英语试卷，单纯考察语法的题目几乎没有。善于观察的学生更会发现，即使是在语法聚集的单项选择题中，也是强调语境的理解。此外，还逐渐加大了词义、词语辨析的考察。完形填空的四个选项是没有语法的错误的，考察大家是否能够根据文章的意思，选择用法上最恰当的词。阅读理解更是考察大家对于篇章的理解。当然，语法并不是不重要，有很多重点的项目是需要同学们掌握的。只是提醒大家在复习的时候，要做到从语言的使用入手，而不是只对语法规则感兴趣。 四、多做高考题，少扣模拟题 要想熟悉高考的思路，最重要的一环就是做题。近五年的高考试题，特别是有些地区新课标执行起来题型发生了变化，就更需要我们适应它。在做高考题的时候，应该注意以下几个方面： 1、时间的把控。这需要同学们一次性完成一整套试题，特别留意一下每部分自己的答题时间，并科学规划，保证在规定的时间内提前五分钟完成，留有检查的余地。 2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
配餐作业(三十) 种群的特征种群数量变化 A组·全员必做题 1.(2016·宁夏银川统考)种群密度是种群最基本的数量特征，下列有关种群密度的调查研究的叙述正确的是( ) A．年龄组成和性别比例均是通过影响出生率和死亡率来间接影响种群密度的 B．研究种群数量“S”型增长曲线在渔、牧、养殖生产上的应用时，人们发现种群数量保持在K/2左右时可获得最大的增长速率 C．标志重捕法可用于调查蚜虫、跳蝻的种群密度 D．采用样方法调查草地中蒲公英时，不统计样方线上的个体 解析本题主要考查种群密度、种群数量增长曲线的相关内容，意在考查考生的识记、理解和分析应用能力。年龄组成可通过影响出生率和死亡率间接影响种群的密度，性别比例可通过影响出生率间接影响种群的密度；根据“S”型增长曲线的变化规律可知，种群数量在K/2时，种群增长速率最大；蚜虫、跳蝻的活动范围较小，因此可用样方法调查其种群密度；采用样方法调查草地中蒲公英时，应统计相邻两样方线上的个体。 答案 B 2．(2016·陕西西安质检)下列关于种群的出生率和死亡率的叙述，正确的是( ) A．依据种群年龄组成可预测种群的出生率和死亡率的关系 B．当种群数量为K/2时，种群出生率与死亡率相等 C．比较三种年龄结构类型的种群，稳定型的出生率最高 D．出生率和死亡率是种群最基本的数量特征 解析种群的年龄组成有增长型、稳定型和衰退型三种类型，种群的出生率和死亡率的关系依次为大于、等于和小于，A正确、C错误；种群数量为K/2时，种群数量的增长速率最快，此时种群的出生率大于死亡率，B错误；种群最基本的数量特征是种群密度，D错误。 答案 A 3．(2016·河南郑州模拟)如图所示某种群数量增长曲线，下列关于各阶段种群数量变化的表述，不准确的是( ) A．第1阶段种群数量缓慢增长 B．第2阶段种群数量增长速率先升后降 C．第3阶段种群数量缓慢增长，接近K值 D．第4阶段种群数量在K值上下波动
高考真题题组训练(八) Ⅰ.阅读理解(2016全国Ⅱ,B) Five years ago,when I taught art at a school in Seattle,I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student,and said:“Make something out of the Tinkertoys.You have 45 minutes today-and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.” A few students hesitated to start.They waited to see what the rest of the class would do.Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided.Another group built something out of their own imaginations. Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.I was delighted at the presence of such a student.Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students. Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside.I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare,“But I’m just not creative.” “Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?” “Oh,sure.” “So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.”The student would tell something wildly imaginative.Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.“That’s pretty creative.Who does that for you?” “Nobody.I do it.” “Really-at night,when you’re asleep?” “Sure.” “Try doing it in the daytime,in class,okay?” 1.The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to .
高考英语第一轮复习提纲 一、阅读理解 阅读部分考查考生阅读理解能力，而所谓阅读理解能力即是指对文章的整体和局部信息的理解和掌握情况。整体指的是文章的主旨 要义、作者的态度、意图、上下文的逻辑关系等，局部则是指分散 于文中的特定信息。我们要通读全文，详读题干，甄别选项，将题干、选项和文中具体信息结合起来，并综合运用其它解题方法、技巧，准确、快速作答。要排除个别生词的干扰，把握整体，着眼中 心大意。遇到不顺的文章先搁置，不影响整体战略。要用熟悉的做 题策略答题。 二、“七选五”阅读 注意语句的衔接，两个相邻的句子能够衔接，它们必定有信息的重叠(词语或意义)，正如两条绳子要想连结到一起，必须得打个结，我们在做题时就是要特别注意把握这些信息的结点。 三、完形填空 完形填空要求考生在掌握文章主旨大意和正确理解句与句、段与段之间的内在联系的基础上，准确判断动词、名词、形容词、副词 等的运用。考生要通览全文，了解文章脉络，特别注意第一段话对 全篇的辐射作用。注意对每个小题的四个选项进行对比甄别，根据 上下文结构和语境做出准确判断，我们要左顾右盼，瞻前顾后，上 下求索，在上下文语境中进行词语辨析。 四、短文改错 通览全文，了解大意，然后以句子为单位进行降级处理，排正求错。可将句子进行成分划分，分为主语、谓语、宾语等几个部分， 然后逐一排查，找出病疾，对症下药。看看主、谓、宾、状等成分 是否有误，看看主语和谓语、谓语和宾语的搭配是否正确，如此等等。
五、书面表达 认真审题，列全要点，确定时态。适量运用较为复杂结构的句子，但把握好准确、自然。适当分段。要特别注意内容要点、应用词汇 和语法结构的丰富性和准确性，上下文的连贯性，以及单词拼写、 标点符号和书写规范，确保审题准确到位，语言地道流畅，书写工 整大方，卷面干净整洁。 六、语篇型语法填空 1、给出动词基本形态，可以考虑三个方向：进行词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词等);填写谓语部分，可能需要填写两个或三个词;或是填写非谓语动词; 2、给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化， 转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀); 3、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词; 4、不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。我们要按 照上下文逻辑、意思进行填充，一般应按照如下的思路进行填空： 先考虑介词、连词、冠词、代词，然后考虑连接副词，最后考虑名 词和形容词(考虑到一些比较基本的搭配，同时也考虑到词性词形变 化的规律，有些名词、形容词的填空往往无法给出提示词)。
1 2013年高考英语一轮复习学案专题15: 完形填空 【备考策略】 一、完形填空的题型特点 近几年来的完形填空题有以下几个特点 1. 短文难度基本稳定与高中英语教材课文难易基本相当。 2. 短文选材一般为故事性文章极少采用其他题材的文章。但往往不按时间顺序平铺直叙有插叙或倒叙有时还夹有描述和议论。 3. 短文的第一句不设空格提供给考生一个思路以便考生做题。 4. 考查内容主要是逻辑上的通顺极少是考语法所以每题四个选项大多属同一语法范畴。 5. 短文长度基本稳定一般在250~300个单词左右。 二、完形填空选项设置的几个特点 1. 同义、近义词辨析型。多倾向考查动词、名词、形容词。(平时要多把这几类词性的词归纳记忆) 2. 固定搭配型。多倾向考查动词和介词或副词、名词和介词、形容词和介词典型句子结构的搭配。 2 3. 常用语法。时态和语态、从句连词。 4. 根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项型
三、完形填空的解题步骤 时间分配 1)通读全文领会大意(2-3分钟); 2)逐句阅读选出答案(6-7分钟); 3)猜测难点、整体复查(2-3分钟)。 1. 跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。先跳过空格通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文 获得整体印象做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨较好地把握短文大意。要在阅读理解短文意思的基础上才开始判定选择切忌仓促下笔。 2. 结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基础上再结合所给备选项细 读全文联系上、下文内容注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示以词、句的意义为先再从分析句子结构入手根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选排除干扰项、初步选定答案。 3. 瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。对比 较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做一下子不能确定答案的先跳过这一空格继续往下做最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文 随着对短文理解的深入可以降低试题的难度提高选择的正确率。 3 4. 复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完成各道题选择后把所选的答案代入原文再把全文通读一篇逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章语法结构是否正确是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。 四、做完形填空选择题时应注意如下几点
2021年高考生物大一轮复习阶段排查4 [基础排查] 代全为红花的实验，能支持孟德尔遗传方1．红花亲本与白花亲本杂交的F 1 式而否定融合遗传方式( ) 2．用豌豆杂交时，须在开花前除去母本的雌蕊( ) 3．孟德尔根据亲本中不同个体表现型来判断亲本是否纯合( ) 4．假定五对等位基因自由组合，则杂交组合AaBBCcDDEe×AaBbCCddEe产生的子代中，有一对等位基因杂合、四对等位基因纯合的个体所占比率是1/32( ) 5．F1黄色圆粒豌豆(YyRr)产生基因型YR的卵细胞和基因型YR的精子数量之比1∶1() 6．基因型为aaX B X b表示纯合子( ) 7．人的前额V形发尖与平发际是由常染色体上单基因控制的一对相对性状(如图)。约翰是平发际，他的父母亲都是V形发尖。约翰父母生一个平发际女孩的概率是1/8( ) 8．某男性遗传病患者与一个正常女子结婚，医生告诫他们只能生男孩，据此推测该病的遗传方式为伴X显性遗传( ) 9．基因型为AaBb的植株自交，得到的后代中表现型与亲本不相同的概率为9/16( ) 10．红眼雌果蝇与白眼雄果蝇交配，子代雌、雄果蝇都表现红眼，这些雌雄果蝇交配产生的后代中，红眼雄果蝇占1/4，白眼雄果蝇占1/4，红眼雌果蝇占1/2。由此可推知眼色和性别表现自由组合( ) 11．如图为色盲患者的遗传系谱图，其中Ⅱ4与正常女性婚配，生育患病男孩的概率是1/8( ) 12．某种群中，AA的个体占25%，Aa的个体占50%，aa的个体占25%。若种群中的雌雄个体自由交配，且aa的个体无繁殖能力，则子代中AA∶Aa∶aa是3∶2∶3() 13．基因A、a和基因B、b分别位于不同对的同源染色体上，一个亲本与aabb测交，子代基因型为AaBb和Aabb，分离比为1∶1，则这个亲本基因型为AABb( )
高考真题题组训练(四) Ⅰ.阅读理解(2016全国Ⅲ,C) If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around.It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month.The day itself is on October 21,but since it has caught on,events now spread out over most of October around Britain. Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see,and often taste,a wide variety of apples.To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets,it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence,such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.Although it doesn’t taste of anything special,it’s still worth a try,as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else. There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions.One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette,but you’ll need a warm,sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it,so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it. At the events,you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions,and because these are family affairs,children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games. Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit,including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园).If you want to have a real orchard experience,try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale,near Faversham in Kent. 1.What can people do at the apple events? A.Attend experts’ lectures. B.Visit fruit-loving families. C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard. D.Taste many kinds of apples. 2.What can we learn about Decio?
2019届高考英语第一轮总复习教案 高考英语一轮重点复习 module 8 unit5一．重点单词1. interrupt v.i’m sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?很抱歉打扰你, 我想问问他们是怎么在这里生活的？ 1）阻断, 中断his studies were interrupted by the war. don’t interrupt him, for he hasn’t finished yet.2）打岔; 插嘴it is rude to interrupt.“don’t interrupt,” he said.区别: interrupt 和disturbinterrupt v. 打扰，打断，阻碍。常有“使……停止(中断)”的意思。his speech was constantly interrupted by applause. disturb v. 打扰, 妨碍。常指失去了正常的状态或导致困难产生。bad dreams disturbed her sleep.2. suggest vt. to make evident indirectly; imply 意为“暗示, 意味, 表明”her pale face suggests that she was ill. 她苍白的脸色表明她病了。the handwriting of the letter suggests that the letter might be from a lady. 从书信的字体上看, 写信人是一位女性。a silence that suggested disapproval.沉默暗示着反对。her face suggest she is happy now. 从她脸上能看出她现在很幸福。his bad manners suggest a lack of family education. 他的无礼反映了他缺乏家教。但当suggest作“建议”讲时, 其用法为:(+doing)/ +(that)… should do…i suggest her going
[即时演练] A 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 These days our society develops rapidly and forces people to rush. It appears that people have got used to being in a hurry. However, it’s better for people to take their time and live their life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done. The main reason that convinces us to oppose doing work in a hurry is the possibility of doing wrongs in a rush. When people do their jobs or take action in a hurry, they can’t make a sound decision and probably regret later. As the saying goes，“Haste makes waste.”We should think carefully before making a decision and do our work less quickly. We should not make mistakes by doing work hurriedly. Slowing down the pace of life helps people enjoy their life better. For example, taking a train to some place certainly will take more time than taking a plane. However, taking a train makes people have enough time to get to know a lot of new friends. Besides, it allows people to fully enjoy the beautiful scenery along the way. On the contrary, being in a hurry will make us lose chances of enjoying our lives. Finally, slower life pace provides better health conditions for us. As is known to all, taking action in a hurry bothers people and raises their stress. People think if they are not in a hurry, they will become a loser and that annoys them. But being in a hurry can hurt people both physically and mentally. According to some studies, people who have a slower pace suffer fewer diseases, tend to be happier and live much longer than those whose life is tense, even if the former finish jobs more slowly than the latter. In short, working quickly will bring about more material benefits to make our society more advanced. Yet, much stress can’t bring enjoyment, friends and health, which are much more important than money and other material advantages. Therefore, take your time and live your life at a slower pace. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ One possible version： To live life at a slower pace is better than to live life in a hurry. There are three reasons for this.Firstly, doing things in a hurry will raise the possibility of making mistakes.Secondly, being in a hurry will not give people enough time to enjoy their life.Thirdly, doing things in a hurry raises people’s pressure and therefore is bad for their health.In brief, it is better for people to live life at a slower pace than to live life in a hurry. B
高考题型提能练(九)Unit 9 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2018·河南省普通高中毕业班适应性测试)Is geography important? Here's a question for you to answer. What have the following countries got in common: Australia, Japan, the United Kingdom, Iceland and Madagascar? Quite easy if you can picture them on the globe —they are all islands. All of these nations are surrounded by sea. What have these five nations got in common? Hungary, Botswana, Kazakhstan, Paraguay and Liechtenstein. They are all landlocked. In other words, in contrast to the first five countries whose coastline forms their border, the second five have no coastline at all. If you are a Hungarian or a Paraguayan, you have to pass through somebody else's country if you want to go to the beach. Liechtenstein is even more of a geographical phenomenon; it is “doubly landlocked” because the countries that surround it — Austria and Switzerland are also landlocked. There is only one other country in the world in a similar position, Uzbekistan, which is surrounded by five other landlocked countries. Go and have a look at the map if you want to know which. So how do countries become landlocked? If you are Swiss or
专题五七选五 Passage 1[2017丙卷(全国Ⅲ)] Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock. 16 Here’s how to make one. ?17 In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make. ?Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. 18 That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer. ?Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. 19 ?Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 20 If not, take another look at other methods you could try. A. Get a sleep specialist. B. Find the right motivation. C. A better plan for sleep can help. D. And consider setting a second alarm. E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up. F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day. G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee. Passage 2[2017北京] Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 71 One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
配餐作业(三十一) 群落的结构和演替 A组·全员必做题 1．(2016·山东潍坊统考)下列关于种群和群落的说法，正确的是( ) A．种群密度能准确地反映种群数量的变化趋势 B．沙丘和冰川泥上开始的演替属于次生演替 C．种群的环境容纳量是指种群的最大数量 D．群落中的物种组成是区分群落的重要依据 解析种群密度不能准确地反映种群数量的变化趋势，年龄组成可预测种群数量未来的变化趋势，A错误；沙丘、冰川泥上开始的演替属于初生演替，B错误；种群的环境容纳量是在一定环境条件下，该环境所能容纳的种群最大数量，C错误；不同群落中物种组成有差异，群落中的物种组成是区分群落的重要依据，D 正确。 答案 D 2．(2016·山东潍坊统考)下列调查内容与调查方法对应关系错误的是( ) A．调查土壤中蚯蚓的种群密度——样方法 B．调查土壤中小动物类群丰富度——显微计数法 C．调查湖泊中鲫鱼的种群密度——标志重捕法 D．探究培养液中大肠杆菌种群数量的变化——抽样检测法 解析蚯蚓的活动能力弱，因此可采用样方法调查土壤中蚯蚓的种群密度，A正确；调查土壤中小动物类群丰富度的方法是取样器取样法，B错误；鲫鱼活动能力强，活动范围广，可采用标志重捕法调查湖泊中鲫鱼的种群密度，C正确；大肠杆菌属于微生物，使用抽样检测法调查培养液中大肠杆菌种群数量的变化，D 正确。 答案 B 3．(2016·安徽合肥质检)为解决合肥市民饮用水源而建设的大房郢水库已经是相对稳定的生态系统，下列关于大房郢水库的种群和群落的叙述，错误的是( ) A．水库中所有的鲫鱼是一个种群，可通过标志重捕法调查种群密度 B．水库中群落演替到相对稳定阶段后，群落内的物种组成不再发生变化 C．水库浅水区域和深水区域有不完全相同的生物分布，构成群落的水平结构 D．不同水层分布的动物不同，与群落中植物垂直结构造成多样栖息空间和食物条件有关 解析生活在同一地域的同种生物的总和称为种群，故生活在水库的全部鲫鱼为一个种群，由于鲫鱼的活动能力强，活动范围广，所以可通过标志重捕法调查其种群密度，A正确；水库中群落演替到相对稳定阶段后，群落内的物种组成也会发生变化，B错误；群落的结构包括垂直结构和水平结构，水库浅水区域和深水区域生物分布不同，构成群落的水平结构，C正确；动物的垂直分层由植物的分层决定，因为植物为动物提供食物和栖息空间，D正确。 答案 B 4．下列关于生物群落结构及群落演替的叙述不正确的是( ) A．生物群落中植物的垂直分层与光照强度有关
题型四语法填空 {} 语法填空解题流程 {} 语法填空答题技巧 形式一有提示词类 (一)提供动词类 当设空处提供动词原形，设空处一般考查动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词或词类转化。其解题步骤为： [典例1][2016·全国Ⅰ]But for tourists like me，pandas are its top __61__(attract)． [剖析]考查名词。句意：对于像我一样的游客，大熊猫是最大的吸引。形容词top“头等的；最重要的”后面跟名词形式。故填attraction。 [典例2][2016·全国Ⅰ]My ambassadorial duties will include __67__(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. [剖析]include为及物动词，后面应用动名词形式作宾语。故填introducing。
[典例3][2016·全国Ⅱ]Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __63__ (be) often acceptable. [剖析]分析句子结构可知，动名词短语Leaving the less...until tomorrow作主语，故63处应为谓语动词且应用单数形式。故填is。 (二)词性转换类 词性转换多以派生词变化为主，如：形容词与副词间的相互转化形容词与名词间的相互转化；形容词与动词间的相互转化；动词与名词间的相互转化等。其解题步骤为： [典例1][2016·全国Ⅰ]The title will be __63__(official)given to me at a ceremony in London. [剖析]考查副词。修饰动词应用副词形式。应填officially。 [典例2][2016·全国Ⅱ]Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of __62__ (achieve)． [剖析]考查名词。介词of后应用名词作宾语。故填achievement。 特别提醒：1.括号中所给词为形容词或副词时，也有可能是考查其比较等级。 [典例1]The__68__(hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.He controls you! [剖析]分析句子结构以及根据句意可知，此处为“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构，表示“越……，就越……”，故答案为harder。 2．括号中所给词为名词时，有可能不是考查词性转换，而是考查单复数。 [典例2]．..for most of us the __69__(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river. [剖析]由定冠词the可知，此处应填名词，由谓语动词are和require可知此处应用复数形式changes。 3．有个别空可能是词义转换题，词性不一定要变，主要是考查与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-，im-等，在词根后加-less等。