1. Gear with precise design and high quality closely combines with thermal refining worm.
精密设计高品质齿轮与调质处理蜗杆紧密结合。
2. Utilizing a state of the art process of controlled thermal treatment for hardening and tempering.
先进的可控气氛热处理生产线对产品进行调质处理。
3. Alloy steel 40Cr quenched and tempered to HRC 28 was chosen to investigate the regularities of the change of surface integrity after grinding.
本文叙述了40Cr合金结构钢在调质处理状态(HRC28)下,经磨削加工后表面质量的变化规律。
4. The results show that the main causes of fracture is composition segregation and low strength resut from no quenching and tempering treatment.
结果表明，产生断裂的主要原因是材料内部成分偏析及未按要求对材料进行调质处理导致材料的强度较低。
5. Abstract: The authors give an all-round and systematic exposition of the function of conditioning treatment in the course of wheat processing, its impact on operation and the method of controlling the appropriate moisture content in the wheat to IBK, meanwhile set forth a series of methods of shortening dampening cycles, the direction in developing auto-damping controllers as well as the significance in doing a good conditioning job.
文摘:全面系统地阐述了小麦加工过程中调质处理的作用，对操的影响及最佳入磨水分的控制方法，并提出一系列缩短润麦时间的方法，小麦自动着水控制仪的研究方向和认真做好调质工作的意义。
6.By temper rapid cooling process, σs of HSLC steel ZJ330 produced by CSP process are increased from 340MPa to about 410MPa and from 410MPa to 450MPa, respectively.
通过亚调质处理,使薄板坯连铸连轧HSLC钢ZJ330的屈服强度从340MPa进一步提高到410MPa左
右,SPA-H集装箱板的屈服强度从410MPa提高到450MPa;
7. HT Sub-factory : complete process of annealing, quenching, tempering, quenching and tempering, solution treatment etc.
热处理厂：可完成退火,正火,回火，调质,固溶处理等工艺.
8. After ASTM D 1037 6-cycle accelerated aging, and 48-hours equilibrium, the performances showed well.
经过ASTM D1037六个老化周期，调质48小时处理后，板材的耐水性、尺寸稳定性表现的非常好。
9. Normalizing at 860℃, the strength and plasticity of the (UHCS) is higher than that of harden and tempered middle carbon alloy steels.
860℃正火处理,强度和塑性较传统中碳合金调质钢的高。
10. the AV was minimum 1.52 mgKOH/g after pelletizing with ring die under the conditions of moisture content required for pelletizing 16.61% and conditioning temperature 85℃;
环模制粒后酸价最低为1.52 mgKOH/g,其处理条件:入模水分为16.61%,调质温度85℃;
11. The results show that the main causes of fracture is composition segregation and low strength resut from no quenching and tempering treatment.
结果表明，产生断裂的主要原因是材料内部成分偏析及未按要求对材料进行调质处理导致材料的强度较低。
12. The results show that the main causes of fracture is composition segregation and low strength resut from no quenching and tempering treatment.
结果表明，产生断裂的主要原因是材料内部成分偏析及未按要求对材料进行调质处理导致材料的强度较低。
13. Abstract: The authors give an all-round and systematic exposition of the function of conditioning treatment in the course of wheat processing, its impact on operation and the method of controlling the appropriate moisture content in the wheat to IBK, meanwhile set forth a series of methods of shortening dampening cycles, the direction in developing auto-damping controllers as well as the significance in doing a good conditioning job.
文摘:全面系统地阐述了小麦加工过程中调质处理的作用，对操作的影响及最佳入磨水分的控制方法，并提出一系列缩短润麦时间的方法，小麦自动着水控制仪的研究方向和认真做好调质工作的意义。
14.By temper rapid cooling process, σs of HSLC steel ZJ330 produced by CSP process are increased from 340MPa to about 410MPa and from 410MPa to 450MPa, respectively.
通过亚调质处理,使薄板坯连铸连轧HSLC钢ZJ330的屈服强度从340MPa进一步提高到410MPa左
右,SPA-H集装箱板的屈服强度从410MPa提高到450MPa;
15. Developing of 38Si7 Hardened and Tempered Spring Steel(DIN)
德标38Si7调质弹簧钢的开发
16. To subject(a proposition) to obversion.
用换质法说明（事物）将一命题作换质处理
17. 800MPa FERRITE-PEARLITE STEEL WITH GOOD TOUGHNESS
800兆帕级高韧性非调质钢
18. FLUTTER CONTROL OF LARGE-SPAN BRIDGES BY USING PASSIVE TUNED MASS DAMPER 用调质阻尼器控制桥梁颤振
19. Study on the flue gas spray and wet enhancement technology in the flue of a boiler end part
锅炉尾部烟道直接喷水调质技术的研究
20. R&D of Conn-rod of High-strength Micro Alloyed
高强度非调质钢连杆的研制
21. Study on Weldability of 20MnMo Casting and Forging Low Alloy QT Steels
20MnMo低合金调质铸锻钢焊接性研究
22. To subject(a proposition) to obversion.
用换质法说明（事物）将一命题作换质处理
23. ANALYSIS OF CONNECTING POLE OF No.45 STEEL AND ITS A NEW IMPROVEMENT PROCEDURE
45钢螺栓断裂分析及调质工艺的改进
24. A Research of the Conditioning of the High Resistivity Fly Ash
对高比电阻飞灰进行调质的研究
25. Application of the SO_3 Flue Gas Conditioning in ESP
SO_3烟气调质技术在电除尘器上的应用
26. Study on Weldability of 20MnMo Casting and Forging Low Alloy QT Steels
20MnMo低合金调质铸锻钢焊接性研究
27. Relationship Between Quenched-and-Tempered Stryctures and Fracture Toughness of 37CrNi3A Steel
37CrNi3A钢调质组织与断裂韧性之间的关系
28. A substance that regulates a series of related reactions.
定调质调整一系列有关反应的一种物质
29. Study of Rolling Process on Non-quenched and Tempered Steel with Tensile Strength of 600-800 MPa
600~800 MPa级非调质钢的轧制工艺研究
30. Microstructure and Properties of 20CrMo Oil Pump Arm Quenched and High Temperature Tempered by Induction Heating with Series Inductors
20CrMo抽油杆串联感应加热调质后的组织与性能
31. The control strategy included the tempering drying technique, auto-control of temperature for heating air and auto-control of tempering period.
控制策略包括调质乾燥技术，热风温度自动控制与均化时间自动控制。
1. flame hardening
火焰淬火
2. What is hardening ?
淬火是怎么回事?
3. The IHT of Low-Carbon Steel
低碳钢亚温淬火
4. Hardening means make harder.
淬火就是促使变硬。
5. Ultrasonic Frequency Quenching for Guideway Face of Lathe Bed by Self-made Quenching Car
自制淬火车实现床身导轨面超音频淬火
6. Why shall harden steel is annealled?
淬火钢为什么要退火呢？
7. Flame hardening of spindle taper bore
主轴内锥孔火焰淬火
8. Induction Hardening on Corner R of Step Shaft
台阶轴拐角R的感应淬火
9. Bright Quenching of 6Cr13 Stainless Scalpel
6Cr13不锈钢医用刀片光亮淬火
10. Their work is to harden steel .
他们的工作就是使钢淬火。
11. Investigate on Cooling Mechanism of Quenchant SST_(101)
淬火剂SST_(101)冷却机制的探讨
12. Development of ADI
等温淬火球铁(ADI)的发展
13. Laser surface quenching of the punching die of lamp holder
激光表面淬火灯头冲孔凹模
14. Study of the Aqueous Soluble Polymer Quenchant ACR-1
ACR-1水溶液淬火介质的研究
15. The Research of Improvement of Character of Steel Bar by Tempcore
余热淬火工艺提高钢筋性能的研究
16. Hot steel is quenched to harden it.
烧热的钢淬火使它坚硬。
17. The milling head has adopted gear transmission.
导轨经淬火处理，有良好的耐磨能力。
18. Failure Analysis on Quenching Cracking of High Carbon Martensite Steel Ball
高碳马氏体钢球淬火开裂失效分析
19. Lapping Repair for Quenching Crack inside a Cold Die Steel
冷作模具钢淬火裂纹的搭桥修复
20. Intercritical Quenching of the 40CrSi Steel Piston Crown
40CrSi钢活塞顶的亚温淬火
21. The Research of Improvement of Character of Steel Bar by Tempcore
余热淬火工艺提高钢筋性能的研究
22. Study of the Aqueous Soluble Polymer Quenchant ACR-1
ACR-1水溶液淬火介质的研究
23. Laser surface quenching of the punching die of lamp holder
激光表面淬火灯头冲孔凹模
24. Hot steel is quenched to harden it.
烧热的钢淬火使它坚硬。
25. untempered mortar; untempered steel.
未硬化的灰泥；未淬火的钢铁。
26. Lapping Repair for Quenching Crack inside a Cold Die Steel
冷作模具钢淬火裂纹的搭桥修复
27. Power Compensating in Inductance Quenching of Taper Bore of Spindle
机床主轴内锥孔感应淬火功率补偿
28. Investigate on Cooling Mechanism of the Polymer-Quenchant SST 301
聚合物淬火剂SST_(301) 的冷却机理探讨
29. Intercritical Quenching of the 40CrSi Steel Piston Crown
40CrSi钢活塞顶的亚温淬火
30. Failure Analysis on Quenching Cracking of High Carbon Martensite Steel Ball
高碳马氏体钢球淬火开裂失效分析
31. Study of the Aqueous Soluble Polymer Quenchant ACR-1
ACR-1水溶液淬火介质的研究
32. Hot steel is quenched to harden it.
烧热的钢淬火使它坚硬。
33. The Research of Improvement of Character of Steel Bar by Tempcore
余热淬火工艺提高钢筋性能的研究
34. STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF QUENCHING BY RESIDUAL HEAT TO INCREASE THE PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES OF 35Si2V REINFORCING BAR STEEL
35si2V钢筋余热淬火提高性能的研究
35. untempered mortar; untempered steel.
未硬化的灰泥；未淬火的钢铁。
36. Lapping Repair for Quenching Crack inside a Cold Die Steel
冷作模具钢淬火裂纹的搭桥修复
37. Laser hardening process and machining process parameters for tablet punch pin have been studied.
对药物冲头零件采用激光淬火及其淬火后机械加工工艺参数优化进行了综合研究。
38. Study on Harden-ability of ADI
等温淬火球铁淬透性的研究
39. Unique Wear Resistance of ADI
等温淬火球铁(ADI)优越的耐磨性
40. By using properquenching media,the grinding ball with diameters of 60 mm to 100 mm can
behardened throuthwithout quenching crack.
采用合适的淬火介质可保证Ф60～Ф100mm 磨球完全淬透并无淬火裂纹。
1. Research and Application of the Axle Bearing Seal on Freight Cars
货车轴承密封的研究与应用
2. Localization of manufactures about the part of axle bearing for earings of the series of German Benz Unimog cross-country truck .
德国奔驰尤尼莫克系列越野汽车部分轴承国产化
3. A flat disk, as of metal, plastic, rubber, or leather, placed beneath a nut or at an axle bearing or a joint to relieve friction, prevent leakage, or distribute pressure.
垫圈用金属、塑料、橡胶或皮革等制的平的圆盘状物，放于螺钉下或轮轴处或连接处以减少摩擦，防止渗漏或均衡压力
4. The test,research and application of the axle bearing seal on railway freight cars in our country are described. The structure principles and application effect of the bearing seal at present are analyzed. The structures,performances,mechanism,test and research results of the improved type and new type sealing devices are expounded.
介绍了我国铁路货车轴承密封的试验研究与应用情况,分析了现行轴承密封的结构原理和应用效果,论述了改进型和新型密封装置的结构、性能、机理及试验研究结果
5. The part of a machine shaft or axle supported by a bearing
轴颈机械的转动轴或轮轴中由轴承所支撑的部分
6.?he rear axle main driving gear of Mitsubishi model FV313 truck has bearing supports on both ends of the gear. The guiding bearing support hole is easily worn or broken in operation. For repairing one side bearing hole wear below 2mm, patch welding or welding with nickle base welding rod is adopted,for one side wear above 2mm or broken bearlng holt.
日本三菱FV313载货汽车后桥主减速器主动锥齿轮采用跨置式支承．使用中其导向轴承座孔易产生磨损或损坏，在修复作业中对单边磨损量在2mm以下的座孔采用镶焊或镍基焊条补焊，对单边磨损量在2mm 以上的座孔或损坏的座孔采用焊制钢圈的办法修复。
7. (2) The sharp edges of the slot, which is processed on the rear axle for anti loosening of the lock nut, will scrape the bearing bore surface, bringing about small chips and particles.
(2 )半轴轴端螺纹防松键槽侵入轴颈与轴承内孔配合段,导致键槽锐边在轴承内孔刮研,产生切削微屑;
8. a steering bearing that enables the front axle of a horse-drawn wagon to rotate.
能让马拉四轮马车的前车轴转动的操控装置。
9. Causes to Damage of the Taper Roller Bearing in Gear Box on the Axle Type WBA
WBA 型车轴齿轮箱圆锥滚子轴承损坏的原因
10. Firstly the single axle tension test of material was carried out on a certain bearing steel GCr15 of the hybrid ceramic bearing so as to determine its property parameter of material,and then by means of finite element analysis,experimental research on the linearity of material and non-linearity of material and calculation of Hertzian contact theory to let these results be analyzed and compared with each other,and
obtained the influence of non-linearity of material upon finite element contacting analysis under different conditions,thus the evaluation was made on the application of non-linearity behavior of material in the finite element contacting analysis.
首先对混合陶瓷轴承中的轴承钢GCr15进行了材料单轴拉伸试验,以确定其材料性能参数,再通过对几种接触模型的材料线性和材料非线性有限元分析、试验研究和赫兹接触理论计算,将这些结果比较分析,得到材料非线性对有限元接触分析在不同情况下的影响,从而对材料非线性行为在有限元接触分析中的应
用做出评估。
11. Firstly the single axle tension test of material was carried out on a certain bearing steel GCr15 of the hybrid ceramic bearing so as to determine its property parameter of material,and then by means of finite element analysis,experimental research on the linearity of material and non-linearity of material and calculation of Hertzian contact theory to let these results be analyzed and compared with each other,and obtained the influence of non-linearity of material upon finite element contacting analysis under different conditions,thus the evaluation was made on the application of non-linearity behavior of material in the finite element contacting analysis.
首先对混合陶瓷轴承中的轴承钢GCr15进行了材料单轴拉伸试验,以确定其材料性能参数,再通过对几种接触模型的材料线性和材料非线性有限元分析、试验研究和赫兹接触理论计算,将这些结果比较分析,得到材料非线性对有限元接触分析在不同情况下的影响,从而对材料非线性行为在有限元接触分析中的应用做
出评估。
12. Based on the structure and process characteristics of scraper condenser,the problems occured in the scraper condenser running such as the serious inner wall Coanda phenomenon,the serious inflextion of big scraper,the serious wear between sliding bearing and axle were analysed. The concrete countermeasures were put forward.
根据刮板冷凝器的结构、工艺特点,对刮板冷凝器运行中出现的问题如内壁附壁现象严重,大刮板严重弯曲,滑动轴承及轴严重磨损进行了分析,并提出了具体的处理措施。
13. Book equipment application in automobile, motorcycle, machinery foundation profession (such as chain, fastener, bearing, box spanner, tool, special different type nut and flange surface nut, sides nut, welding nut, cover type nut , locknut, defence pine nut, pull hat nut, chain Luo pull, expansion gecko, independently axle gear, bicycle different type etc.) etc. various different type , complex is not mark cold squeeze into type, suitable scope extensive.
本设备应用于汽车、摩托车、机械基础行业（如链条、紧固件、轴承、套筒扳手、工具、特殊异型螺母、法兰面螺母、四方螺母、焊接螺母、盖型螺母、锁紧螺母、防松螺母、拉帽螺母、链条罗拉、膨胀壁虎、自行轴挡、自行车异型件等）等各类异型、复杂非标件的冷挤成型，适用范围广泛。
14. A flat disk, as of metal, plastic, rubber, or leather, placed beneath a nut or at an axle bearing or a joint to relieve friction, prevent leakage, or distribute pressure.
垫圈用金属、塑料、橡胶或皮革等制的平的圆盘状物，放于螺钉下或轮轴处或连接处以减少摩擦，防止渗漏或均衡压力
15. The test,research and application of the axle bearing seal on railway freight cars in our country are described. The structure principles and application effect of the bearing seal at present are analyzed. The
structures,performances,mechanism,test and research results of the improved type and new type sealing devices are expounded.
介绍了我国铁路货车轴承密封的试验研究与应用情况,分析了现行轴承密封的结构原理和应用效果,论述了改进型和新型密封装置的结构、性能、机理及试验研究结果
16. electromagnetic bearing
电磁轴承
17. target bearing
目标方位
18. gas bearing
气体轴承
19. heroic bearing
英姿
20. ball bearing
滚珠轴承
21. bearing shim
轴承垫片
22. thrust bearing
推力滑动轴承
23. Bearing up, bearing up.
马马虎虎。
24. sliding bearing
滑动轴承
25. roller bearing
滚柱轴承
金属切削metal cutting
机床machine tool
金属工艺学technology of metals
刀具cutter
摩擦friction
联结link
传动drive/transmission
轴shaft
弹性elasticity
频率特性frequency characteristic
误差error
响应response
定位allocation
机床夹具jig
动力学dynamic
运动学kinematic
静力学static
分析力学analyse mechanics
拉伸pulling
压缩hitting
剪切shear
扭转twist
弯曲应力bending stress
强度intensity
三相交流电three-phase AC
磁路magnetic circles
变压器transformer
异步电动机asynchronous motor
几何形状geometrical
精度precision
正弦形的sinusoid
交流电路AC circuit
机械加工余量machining allowance
变形力deforming force
变形deformation
应力stress
硬度rigidity
热处理heat treatment
退火anneal
正火normalizing
脱碳decarburization
渗碳carburization
电路circuit
半导体元件semiconductor element
反馈feedback
发生器generator
直流电源DC electrical source
门电路gate circuit
逻辑代数logic algebra
外圆磨削external grinding
内圆磨削internal grinding
平面磨削plane grinding
变速箱gearbox
离合器clutch
绞孔fraising
绞刀reamer
螺纹加工thread processing
螺钉screw
铣削mill
铣刀milling cutter
功率power
工件workpiece
齿轮加工gear mechining
齿轮gear
主运动main movement
主运动方向direction of main movement
进给方向direction of feed
进给运动feed movement
合成进给运动resultant movement of feed
合成切削运动resultant movement of cutting
合成切削运动方向direction of resultant movement of cutting 切削深度cutting depth
前刀面rake face
刀尖nose of tool
前角rake angle
后角clearance angle
龙门刨削planing
主轴spindle
主轴箱headstock
卡盘chuck
加工中心machining center
车刀lathe tool
车床lathe
钻削镗削bore
车削turning
磨床grinder
基准benchmark
钳工locksmith
锻forge
压模stamping
焊weld
拉床broaching machine
拉孔broaching
装配assembling
铸造found
流体动力学fluid dynamics
流体力学fluid mechanics
加工machining
液压hydraulic pressure
切线tangent
机电一体化mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 气压air pressure pneumatic pressure
稳定性stability
介质medium
液压驱动泵fluid clutch
液压泵hydraulic pump
阀门valve
失效invalidation
强度intensity
载荷load
应力stress
安全系数safty factor
可靠性reliability
螺纹thread
螺旋helix
键spline
销pin
滚动轴承rolling bearing
滑动轴承sliding bearing
弹簧spring
制动器arrester brake
十字结联轴节crosshead
联轴器coupling
链chain
皮带strap
精加工finish machining
粗加工rough machining
变速箱体gearbox casing
腐蚀rust
氧化oxidation
磨损wear
耐用度durability
随机信号random signal
离散信号discrete signal
超声传感器ultrasonic sensor
集成电路integrate circuit
挡板orifice plate
残余应力residual stress
套筒sleeve
扭力torsion
冷加工cold machining
电动机electromotor
汽缸cylinder
过盈配合interference fit
热加工hotwork
摄像头CCD camera
倒角rounding chamfer
优化设计optimal design
工业造型设计industrial moulding design
有限元finite element
滚齿hobbing
插齿gear shaping
伺服电机actuating motor
铣床milling machine
钻床drill machine
镗床boring machine
步进电机stepper motor
丝杠screw rod
导轨lead rail
组件subassembly
可编程序逻辑控制器Programmable Logic Controller PLC 电火花加工electric spark machining
电火花线切割加工electrical discharge wire - cutting
相图phase diagram
热处理heat treatment
固态相变solid state phase changes
有色金属nonferrous metal
陶瓷ceramics
合成纤维synthetic fibre
电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion 车架automotive chassis
悬架suspension
转向器redirector
变速器speed changer
板料冲压sheet metal parts
孔加工spot facing machining
车间workshop
工程技术人员engineer
气动夹紧pneuma lock
数学模型mathematical model
画法几何descriptive geometry
机械制图Mechanical drawing
投影projection
视图view
剖视图profile chart
标准件standard component
零件图part drawing
装配图assembly drawing
尺寸标注size marking
技术要求technical requirements
刚度rigidity
内力internal force
位移displacement
截面section
疲劳极限fatigue limit
断裂fracture
塑性变形plastic distortion
脆性材料brittleness material
刚度准则rigidity criterion
垫圈washer
垫片spacer
直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear
直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear
运动简图kinematic sketch
齿轮齿条pinion and rack
蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear
虚约束passive constraint
曲柄crank
摇杆racker
凸轮cams
共轭曲线conjugate curve
范成法generation method
定义域definitional domain
值域range
导数\\微分differential coefficient
求导derivation
定积分definite integral
不定积分indefinite integral
曲率curvature
偏微分partial differential
毛坯rough
游标卡尺slide caliper
千分尺micrometer calipers
攻丝tap
二阶行列式second order determinant
逆矩阵inverse matrix
线性方程组linear equations
概率probability
随机变量random variable
排列组合permutation and combination
气体状态方程equation of state of gas
动能kinetic energy
势能potential energy
机械能守恒conservation of mechanical energy 动量momentum
桁架truss
轴线axes
余子式cofactor
逻辑电路logic circuit
触发器flip-flop
脉冲波形pulse shape
数模digital analogy
液压传动机构fluid drive mechanism
机械零件mechanical parts
淬火冷却quench
淬火hardening
回火tempering
调质hardening and tempering 磨粒abrasive grain
结合剂bonding agent
砂轮grinding wheel
Assembly line组装线
Layout布置图
Conveyer流水线物料板
Rivet table拉钉机
Rivet gun拉钉枪
Screw driver起子
Electric screw driver电动起子Pneumatic screw driver气动起子worktable 工作桌
OOBA开箱检查
fit together组装在一起
fasten锁紧(螺丝)
fixture 夹具(治具)
pallet栈板
barcode条码
barcode scanner条码扫描器fuse together熔合
fuse machine热熔机
repair修理
operator作业员
QC品管
supervisor 课长
ME制造工程师
MT制造生技
cosmetic inspect外观检查
inner parts inspect内部检查thumb screw大头螺丝
lbs. inch镑、英寸
EMI gasket导电条
front plate前板
rear plate后板
chassis 基座
bezel panel面板
power button电源按键
reset button重置键
Hi-pot test of SPS高源高压测试Voltage switch of SPS
电源电压接拉键
sheet metal parts 冲件
plastic parts塑胶件
SOP制造作业程序
material check list物料检查表work cell工作间
trolley台车
carton纸箱
sub-line支线
left fork叉车
production department生产部门
planning department企划部
QC Section品管科
stamping factory冲压厂
painting factory烤漆厂
molding factory成型厂
common equipment常用设备
uncoiler and straightener整平机
punching machine 冲床
robot机械手
hydraulic machine油压机
lathe车床
planer |'plein?|刨床
miller铣床
grinder磨床
driller铣床
linear cutting线切割
electrical sparkle电火花
welder电焊机
staker=reviting machine铆合机
position职务
president董事长
general manager总经理
special assistant manager特助
factory director厂长
department director部长
deputy manager | =vice manager副理
section supervisor课长
deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长
line supervisor线长
assistant manager助理
to move, to carry, to handle搬运
be put in storage入库
pack packing包装
to apply oil擦油
to file burr 锉毛刺
final inspection终检
to connect material接料
to reverse material 翻料
wet station沾湿台
Tiana天那水
cleaning cloth抹布
to load material上料
to unload material卸料
to return material/stock to退料
scraped |'skr?pid|报废
scrape ..v.刮;削
deficient purchase来料不良
manufacture procedure制程
deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良oxidation |' ksi'dei?n|氧化
scratch刮伤
dents压痕
defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良
embedded lump镶块
feeding is not in place送料不到位stamping-missing漏冲
production capacity生产力
education and training教育与训练proposal improvement提案改善
spare parts=buffer备件
forklift叉车
trailer=long vehicle拖板车
compound die合模
die locker锁模器
pressure plate=plate pinch压板
bolt螺栓
name of a department部门名称administration/general affairs dept总务部automatic screwdriver电动启子
thickness gauge厚薄规
gauge(or jig)治具
power wire电源线
buzzle蜂鸣器
defective product label不良标签identifying sheet list标示单
screwdriver holder起子插座
pedal踩踏板
stopper阻挡器
flow board流水板
hydraulic handjack油压板车
forklift叉车
pallet栈板
glove(s)手套
glove(s) with exposed fingers割手套thumb大拇指
forefinger食指
midfinger中指
ring finger无名指
little finger小指
band-aid创可贴
iudustrial alcohol工业酒精
alcohol container沾湿台
head of screwdriver起子头sweeper扫把
mop拖把
vaccum cleaner吸尘器
rag 抹布
garbage container灰箕
garbage can垃圾箱
garbage bag垃圾袋
chain链条
jack升降机
production line流水线
chain链条槽
remark备注
production control confirmation生产确认checked by初审
approved by核准
department部门
cause analysis原因分析
raw materials原料
materials物料
finished product成品
semi-finished product半成品
表面处理关连用语
age hardening 时效硬化ageing 老化处理
air hardening 气体硬化air patenting 空气韧化
annealing 退火anode effect 阳极效应
anodizing 阳极氧化处理atomloy treatment 阿托木洛伊表面austempering 奥氏体等温淬火austenite 奥斯田体/奥氏体
bainite 贝氏体banded structure 条纹状组织
barrel plating 滚镀barrel tumbling 滚筒打光
blackening 染黑法blue shortness 青熟脆性
bonderizing 磷酸盐皮膜处理box annealing 箱型退火
box carburizing 封箱渗碳bright electroplating 辉面电镀
bright heat treatment 光辉热处理bypass heat treatment 旁路热处理carbide 炭化物carburized case depth 浸碳硬化深层
carburizing 渗碳cementite 炭化铁
chemical plating 化学电镀chemical vapor deposition 化学蒸镀coarsening 结晶粒粗大化coating 涂布被覆
cold shortness 低温脆性comemtite 渗碳体
controlled atmosphere 大气热处理corner effect 锐角效应creeping discharge 蠕缓放电decarburization 脱碳处理decarburizing 脱碳退火depth of hardening 硬化深层
diffusion 扩散diffusion annealing 扩散退火
electrolytic hardening 电解淬火embossing 压花
etching 表面蚀刻ferrite 肥粒铁
first stage annealing 第一段退火flame hardening 火焰硬化
flame treatment 火焰处理full annealing 完全退火
gaseous cyaniding 气体氧化法globular cementite 球状炭化铁grain size 结晶粒度granolite treatment 磷酸溶液热处理graphitizing 石墨退火hardenability 硬化性
hardenability curve 硬化性曲线hardening 硬化
Clarence Day Born in New York City, he attended St. Paul's School and graduated from Yale University in 1896, where he edited campus humor magazine The Yale Record.[7] The following year, he joined the New York Stock Exchange, and became a partner in his father's Wall Street brokerage firm. Day enlisted in the Navy in 1898, but developed cripplingarthritis and spent the remainder of his life as a semi-invalid. Works[edit]：The Story of the Yale University Press (1920) This Simian World (1920) The Crow's Nest (1921) Thoughts Without Words (1928) God and my Father (1932) In the Green Mountain Country (1934) Scenes from the Mesozoic and Other Drawings (1935) Life with Father (1935) After All (1936; posthumous) Life with Mother (1937; posthumous) The World of Books (1938; posthumous) Father and I (1940; posthumous) 欧内斯特·米勒尔·海明威（Ernest Miller Hemingway，1899年7月21日－1961年7月2日），美国作家和记者，被认为是20世纪最著名的小说家之一。出生于美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥市郊区的奥克帕克，晚年在爱达荷州凯彻姆的家中自杀身亡。海明威一生中的感情错综复杂，先后结过四次婚，是美国“迷惘的一代”（Lost Generation）作家中的代表人物，作品中对人生、世界、社会都表现出了迷茫和彷徨。 在海明威一生之中曾荣获不少奖项。他在第一次世界大战期间被授予银制勇敢勋章；1953年，他以《老人与海》一书获得普利策奖；1954年，《老人与海》又为海明威夺得诺贝尔文学奖。2001年，海明威的《太阳照样升起》（The Sun Also Rises）与《永别了，武器》两部作品被美国现代图书馆列入“20世纪中的100部最佳英文小说”中。 海明威一向以文坛硬汉著称，他是美利坚民族的精神丰碑。海明威的作品标志着他独特创作风格的形成，在美国文学史乃至世界文学史上都占有重要地位。 海明威有着出色的语言驾驭能力，他常以最简单的词汇表达最复杂的内容，用基本词汇、简短句式等表达具体含义，用名词、动词来揭示事物的本来面目，丝毫无矫揉造作之感。从句式上看，海明威常用简短的陈述句进行语言表述，他认为没有必要用文字修饰雕琢来哗众取宠，只要将事物描述清楚就行，其他的则由读者来决定。语言风格：朴实、直观、含蓄情感、对话、男女关系
期期末测试题 Ⅰ、Translate The Following Terms Into Chinese 、 1、entity concept 主题概念 2、depreciation折旧 3、double entry system 4、inventories 5、stable monetary unit 6、opening balance 7、current asset 8、financial report 9、prepaid expense 10、internal control 11、cash flow statement 12、cash basis 13、tangible fixed asset 14、managerial accounting 15、current liability 16、internal control 17、sales return and allowance 18、financial position 19、balance sheet 20、direct write-off method Ⅱ、Translate The Following Sentences Into Chinese 、 1、Accounting is often described as an information system、It is the system that measures business activities, processes into reports and communicates these findings to decision makers、 2、The primary users of financial information are investors and creditors、Secondary users include the public, government regulatory agencies, employees, customers, suppliers, industry groups, labor unions, other companies, and academic researchers、 3、There are two sources of assets、One is liabilities and the other is owner’s equity、Liabilities are obligations of an entity arising from past transactions or events, the settlement of which may result in the transfer or use of assets or services in the future、 资产有两个来源，一个就是负债，另一个就是所有者权益。负债就是由过去得交易或事件产生得实体得义务，其结算可能导致未来资产或服务得转让或使用。 4、Accounting elements are basic classification of accounting practices、They are essential units to present the financial position and operating result of an entity、In China, we have six groups of accounting elements、They are assets, liabilities, owner’s equity, revenue, expense and profit (income)、会计要素就是会计实践得基础分类。它们就是保护财务状况与实体经营
修改过程装备与控制工程专业英语翻译Unit 16 压力容器及其部件 压力容器时不泄露的容器。它们有各种尺寸。最小的直径不到一英寸，最大的直径能达到150英尺甚至更大。某些是埋在地下或海洋深处，多数是安放在地上或支撑在平台上，还有一些实际上是在航天飞行器中的贮槽和液压装置中。 由于内部压力，容器被设计成各种形状和尺寸。内部的压力可能低到1英寸，水的表面压力可能达到300000多磅。普通的单层表面建筑压力是15到5000磅，虽然有很多容器的设计压力高出或低于这个范围。ASME锅炉和压力标准中第八卷第一节指定一个范围从15磅在底部到上限，然而，内部压力在3000磅以上，ASME 标准，第八卷第一节，指出考虑特殊设计的情况是必要的。 压力容器的典型部件描述如下: 圆柱壳体在石化工业中对于结构压力容器圆柱壳体是经常被用到的，它是很容易制造、安装并且维修很经济。虽然在一些场合应用载荷和外压控制，要求的厚度通常由内压决定。其他因素如热应力和不连续压力可能有要求厚度决定。 成型的封头许多的端封头和过度部分有设计工程师选择。用一种结构相对另一种依靠很多因素，如成型方法、材料成本、和空间限。一些经常应用的成型封头是: 带凸缘的封头这些封头通常在较低压力的压力设备中，例如汽油罐和锅炉。有些也应用在较高压力的但是较小直径的设备中。设计和结构的许多细节在ASME 标准，第八卷第一节中给出。 半球形封头通常，在一个给定温度和压力下半球形的要求厚度是相同直径和材料圆柱壳体的一半。假如我们用镍和钛昂贵的合金建造实心或覆盖形半球形封头，这样是很经济的。假如使用碳钢，然而，由于这高价的制造费用就不比凸缘形
abrasiveness 研磨；腐蚀absolute 绝对的accumulate 堆积；积累 acid 酸；酸性的，酸味的actuator 执行机构 adjust 调整；调节agitation 搅拌 air preheater 空气预热器 air register 空气调节器airflow 气流 alkali 碱 allowance 公差，容差，容许量alloy 合金 alternating current 交流电 angle 角度，角 apparatus 装置，仪器，仪表application 应用 artificial 人造的；仿造的assembly 装配 atmospheric 大气的，大气层的austenite 奥氏体 automation 自动化，自动操作auxiliary 辅助设备，附属机构backflow 回流 baffle 挡板；折流板；隔板batch 一批，批量 bearing 轴承 bellow 波纹管 belt 带；腰带；地带blade 叶片 blower 鼓风机 boiler 锅炉
bolt 螺栓 bonnet 阀盖，阀帽，机罩box furnace 箱式炉 brittle 易碎的，脆弱的burner 燃烧器 bushing 轴衬；套管butterfly valve 蝶阀capacity 容积 carbon steel 碳钢，碳素钢casing 机壳 cast 浇铸 catalyst 催化剂category 分类，种类cavity 腔；洞，凹处centrifugal force 离心力chamber 腔，室，船舱check valve 止回阀checklist 检查表，清单classify 分类；分等clockwise 顺时针方向的coating 涂层，覆盖层coefficient 系数 coil 盘管，线圈 coking 结焦，焦化 column 圆柱，柱形物combination 结合 combustion 燃烧，氧化 component 成分；组件；零件composition 组成，成分 compressor 压缩机 concentration 浓度 concentric 同轴的，同心的
与其他不少考研热门专业一样，英语专业研究生招生的研究方向设置非常细，不同学校的方向设置类别不一，名称也各异。 比如上海外国语大学英语语言文学专业下设有语言方向、文学方向、教学法方向、翻译学方向、口译学方向、英语国家文化方向、跨文化交际方向7个方向。而同样是外语类专业院校，北京外国语大学该专业设置的研究方向明显不同，广东外语外贸大学该专业设置的8个研究方向更与前两所学校无一相同。 在这种情况下，不少备考英语专业的同学对“如何选择研究方向”这样的问题一头雾水，也就不足为怪了。 就英语专业考研而言，外国语言文学下设置的二级学科很多，包括英语语言文学、俄语语言文学、法语语言文学、德语语言文学、日语语言文学、印度语言文学、阿拉伯语语言文学、欧洲语言文学、亚非语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学11个学科。其中，涉及英语专业的二级学科主要有3个：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学。 一般院校的英语专业多设置英语语言文学和外国语言学及应用语言学两个专业，所以，英语专业考研的专业设置其实比较简单，一般就是两大专业。不过，这两个专业被不同学校细化研究方向以后，就变得复杂了。如前面说到的上海外国语大学英语语言文学专业下设有7个方向，这7个方向进一步细分，小的研究方向达37个之多。 英语专业的研究方向虽名目众多，却也并非杂乱无章，其设置仍是遵循一定规律的。粗略分析，这些研究方向可分为传统研究方向和新兴研究方向两大类。 传统研究方向 传统研究方向，顾名思义，指的是设置多年的老牌研究方向，这些研究方向一般学校都有开设。 1. 文学方向 开设学校：全国绝大部分招收英语专业研究生的学校。据2007年的招生统计，仅有17所招收英语专业研究生的学校没有开设文学方向。 研究内容：主要研究英美文学研究领域中的重大问题，目的在于提高文学素养、理论水平和研究能力。 就业方向：此方向开设学校多，招生人数较多，就业范围非常广泛，一般为教师、研究人员。所学课程：西方文论、美国经典文学、美国现当代文学、英国经典文学、文学批评、英国文学选读、美国文学选读、17～19世纪英国文学研究、希腊戏剧研究、英国长篇小说选读、美国长篇小说选读、英国诗歌选读、美国诗歌选读、英美散文鉴赏、王尔德戏剧欣赏、英国短篇小说欣赏、美国短篇小说鉴赏、英美戏剧鉴赏、中国文学史、中国古典文学选读等。 2. 语言学 开设学校：全国绝大部分招收英语专业研究生的学校。据2007年的招生统计，仅有9所招收英语专业研究生的学校没有开设语言学方向。 研究内容：语言学是我国高校近年来普遍设置的一个综合性的语言研究学科。主要学习语言学理论及语言在各种学科中的应用，不同学校侧重点有所不同。 通过大量阅读有关文献、论文和最新的研究成果报告，使学生对于语言学的形成和发展有进一步的了解，并了解现代语言学的最新动向和最新发展。语言学特别强调和重视研究生的广泛阅读，包括专业的外语期刊和近几年的语言学相关论文。 就业方向：该专业理论性较强，主要面向大中专教师及研究人员。 所学课程：语言学概论、语用学与话语分析、应用语言学、现代语法学、语义学、语用学、英语语体学与文体学、语篇分析等。 3. 英美文化研究 开设学校：南京大学、上海外国语大学、天津师范大学等。
会计专业英语期末考试练习卷(new)
1. The economic resources of a business are called : B A. Owner ’s Equity B. Assets C. Accounting equation D. Liabilities 2. DTK Company has a $3500 accounts receivable from GRS Company. On January 20, GRS Company makes a partial payment of $210 0 to DTK Company. The journal entry made on January 20 by DTK Company to record this transaction includes: D A. A debit to the cash receivable account of $2100. B. A credit to the accounts receivable account of $2100. C. A debit to the cash account of $1400. D. A debit to the accounts receivable account of $1400. 3. In general terms, financial assets appear in the balance sheet at: A A. Face value. 账面价值 B. Current value. 现值 C. Market value. 市场价值 D. Estimated future sales value. 4. Each of the following measures strengthens intern al control over cash receipts except : D A. The use of a voucher system. B. Preparation of a daily listing of all checks received through the mail. C. The deposit of cash receipts intact in the bank on a daily basis. D. The use of cash registers. 5. Which of the following items is the greatest in dollar amount? D A. Beginning inventory B. Cost of goods sold. C. Cost of goods available for sale D. Ending inventory 6. Why do companies prefer the LIFO inventory 后进先出法method during a period of rising prices? B A. Higher reported income B. Lower income taxes C. Lower reported income D. Higher ending inventory 7. Which of the following characteristics would prevent an item from being included in the classification of plant and equipment? D A. Intangible
Reading Material 6 Stainless Steel Stainless steels do not rust in the atmosphere as most other steels do. The term "stainless" implies a resistance to staining, rusting, and pitting in the air, moist and polluted as it is, and generally defines a chromium content in excess of 11 % but less than 30%. And the fact that the stuff is "steel" means that the base is iron. Stainless steels have room-temperature yield strengths that range from 205 MPa (30 ksi) to more than 1725 MPa (250 ksi). Operating temperatures around 750 C (1400 F) are reached. At the other extreme of temperature some stainless steels maintain their toughness down to temperatures approaching absolute zero. With specific restrictions in certain types, the stainless steels can be shaped and fabricated in conventional ways. They can be produced and used in the as-cast condition; shapes can be produced by powder-metallurgy techniques; cast ingots can be rolled or forged (and this accounts for the greatest tonnage by far). The rolled product can be drawn, bent, extruded, or spun. Stainless steel can be further shaped by machining, and it can be joined by soldering, brazing, and welding. It can be used as an integral cladding on plain carbon or low-alloy steels. The generic term "stainless steel" covers scores of standard compositions as well as variations bearing company trade names and special alloys made for particular applications. Stainless steels vary in their composition from a fairly simple alloy of, essentially, iron with 11% chromium, to complex alloys that include 30% chromium, substantial quantities of nickel, and half a dozen other effective elements. At the high-chromium, high-nickel end of the range they merge into other groups of heat-resisting alloys, and one has to be arbitrary about a cutoff point. If the alloy content is so high that the iron content is about half, however, the alloy falls outside the stainless family. Even with these imposed restrictions on composition, the range is great, and naturally, the properties that affect fabrication and use vary enormously. It is obviously not enough to specify simply a "stainless steel.” Classification the various specifying bodies categorize stainless steels according to chemical composition and other properties. However, all the stainless steels, whatever specifications they conform to, can be conveniently classified into six major classes that represent three distinct types of alloy constitution, or structure. These classes are ferritic, martensitic, austenitic, manganese-substituted austenitic, duplex austenitic ferritic, and precipitation-hardening. Each class is briefly described below. (1) Ferrous stainless steels: This class is so named because the crystal structure of the steel is the same as that of iron at room temperature. The alloys in the class are magnetic at room temperature and up to their Curie temperature (about 750 C; 1400 F). Common alloys in the ferrous class contain between 11% and 29% chromium, no nickel, and very little carbon in the wrought condition. (2)Martensitic stainless steels: Stainless steels of this class, which
《财会专业英语》期终试卷 I.Put the following into corresponding groups. (15 points) 1.Cash on hand 2.Notes receivable 3.Advances to suppliers 4. Other receivables 5.Short-term loans 6.Intangible assets 7.Cost of production 8.Current year profit 9. Capital reserve 10.Long-term loans 11.Other payables 12. Con-operating expenses 13.Financial expenses 14.Cost of sale 15. Accrued payroll II.Please find the best answers to the following questions. (25 Points) 1. Aftin Co. performs services on account when Aftin collects the account receivable A.assets increase B.assets do not change C.owner’s equity d ecreases D.liabilities decrease 2. A balance sheet report . A. the assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity on a particular date B. the change in the owner’s capital during the period C. the cash receipt and cash payment during the period D. the difference between revenues and expenses during the period 3. The following information about the assets and liabilities at the end of 20 x 1 and 20 x 2 is given below: 20 x 1 20 x 2 Assets $ 75,000 $ 90,000 Liabilities 36,000 45,000 how much the owner’sequity at the end of 20 x 2 ? A.$ 4,500 B.$ 6,000 C.$ 45,000 D.$ 43,000
非英语专业研究生英语（第一外语） 教学大纲 －、总则 （—）为了保证达到《中华人民共和国学位条例暂行实施办法》中规定的外国语学习要求，进行非英语专业研究生英语课程的教学工作，特制定本大纲。 （二）研究生英语教学的宗旨是为了使学生掌握英语这门工具进行本专业的学习、研究与国际交流，为我国的社会主义建设服务，在教学中要坚持从实际出发、学以致用的原则，培养和提高研究生运用英语的能力。 二、硕士研究生的英语教学与考试 （一）教学对象 本大纲的教学对象是非英语专业的硕士研究生（以下简称硕士生）。硕士生入学时应达到以下水平： （1）掌握4000个左右常用单词及370个左右常用词组（能正确识别词类，选择词义），对其中1500个左右基本词能复用性掌握（即能正确识别词类，选择词义，英汉互译，熟悉某些常用搭配和用法）并具有初步的构词知识； （2）掌握基本语法知识（具备大学英语覆盖的语法知识）； （3）能阅读一般难度（相当于大学英语四级课文的难度）的英语读物，理解基本正确，阅读速度为每分钟50词左右。 1
（4）能将一般难度的英语短文译成汉语，理解基本正确，译文达意；能将一般难度的汉语句子译成英语，内容表达与语法基本正确； （5）具有初步的写作能力。 硕士生中有一定数量单独考试入学的学生，其入学水平亦应逐步达到上述要求。 （二）教学目的 硕士生英语教学目的是培养学生具有较熟练的阅读能力，一定的写、译能力和基本的听、说能力，能够以英语为工具进行本专业的学习和研究。对听、说能力要求较高的专业，可根据需要，加强听、说能力的培养。 （三）教学要求 硕士生的英语教学包括基础英语和专业英语两部分。 1、基础英语部分 （1）词汇 理解性掌握5000个左右的常用单词及500个左右常用词组，复用性掌握其中2000个左右的基本词。认知120个左右常用词根和词缀，并能根据构词法识别派生词。 （2）语法 能较熟练地运用语法知识，能理解语法结构复杂的长难句。 （3）读 2
考研会计专业英语试题 1.Give a brief explanation for the following terms(10%） (1)Journal entry (2)Going concern (3)Matching principle (4)Working capital (5)Revenue expenditure 2.Please read the following passage carefully and fill in each of the 11 blanks with a word most appropriate to the content (10%） (1)The double-entry system of accounting takes its name from the fact that every business transaction is recorded by (____)types of entries： 1： (_____)entries to one or more accounts and 2credit entries to one or more accounts. In recording any transaction,the total dollar amount of the (______)entries must (_____)the total dollar amount of credit entries. (2)Often a transaction affects revenues or expenses of two or more different periods,in these cases，an (_____)entries are needed to (_____)to each period the appropriate amounts of revenues and expenses. These entries are performed at the (_____)of each accounting period but (_____)to preparing the financial statements. (3)Marketable securities are highly (_____)investments,primarily in share stocks and bounds，(____)can be sold (_____)quoted market prices in organized securities exchanges. 3.Translate the following Chinese statements into English (18%） (1)财务报表反映一个企业的财务状况和经营成果，是根据公认会计准则编制的。这些报表是为许多不同的决策者，许多不同的目的而提供的。 纳税申报单则反映应税收益的计算，是由税法和税则规定的概念。在许多情况下，税法和公认会计准则相似，但两者却存在实质上的不同。 (2)审计师不保证财务报表的准确性，他们仅就财务报表的公允性发表专家意见。然而注册会计师事务所的声誉来自于他们对审计工作的一丝不苟和审计报告的可靠性。
To sum up总而言之 Dosums算术 Safety protectionof crane起重机的安全保护Productive maintenance生产维修 Equipment service specification设备维修规程Periodic service of equipment 设备的定期检查Regional service of equipment设备的区域维修Dropping your pants降低产品价格求购 Lose face 失面子 Green light 可行的 Save one's neck免受处罚 Stare from scratch白手起家 Keep a good house受到好的招待 For a song 便宜的 Never say under不肯承认 Put onair摆架子 Encroach upon染指 Get snubbed碰钉子 Show magnanimity更高姿态 Dawdle a long待工 Small a rot 感到不妙 Covet money 贪财 Not reveal one's silver in pocket 财不外露Make a humble fortune 理财有方 Regard money as one's life 爱财如命 A mass great fortune 一大笔财富 Unit 2 Commodity inspection商品检测 Plant model selection设备模具的选择(设备选择) Investment plan of plant设备投资计划 Plant renewal 设备的更新 Open-case inspection 开箱检查 Claim for equipment 索赔(设备) Cross over structure 跨越结构 Static strength 静力强度分析 The lion share 最大的分量 Think tank 智能团 Anoutright majority 绝大多数 Live up to a promise 实现，守诺言 Chief Representative行政专家 Chief executive行政主管 Department manager 部门主管
话题三人物与职业 1 高频单词 ·Group 1· 1. achievevt. 达到, 取得 achievementn. 成就, 成绩, 功绩 2. admire vt. 钦佩;欣赏 3. ambitious adj. 有雄心壮志的 4. appearancen. 外貌 5. backgroundn. 背景 6. birthplacen. 出生地;故乡 7. charactern. (汉)字, 字体;品格characteristicadj. 典型的, 独特的 8. coincidencen. 巧合, 巧事 9. confidentadj. 自信的 10. contemporaryadj. 属同时期的, 同一时代的·Group 2· 1. contentadj. 甘愿的, 满意的 n. 内容 2. contributev. 贡献 contributionn. 贡献 3. creativeadj. 富有创造力的
4. determinationn. 决心 determinevt. 决定;决心 5. devotevt. 把……奉献, 把……专用(于) devotionn. 奉献, 奉献精神 6. educatedadj. 受过教育的 7. energeticadj. 精力旺盛的 8. expectationn. 期望;期待 9. experiencen. 经验;经历 10. failuren. 失败 ·Group 3· 1. fortunateadj. 幸运的;侥幸的fortunen. 财产;运气 2. generousadj. 慷慨大方的 3. hardshipn. 困难 4. hardworkingadj. 努力工作的 5. honestadj. 诚实的, 正直的 6. honour(美honor)n. 荣誉, 光荣 vt. 尊敬, 给予荣誉 7. humorousadj. 富有幽默感的 humour(美humor)n. 幽默, 幽默感 8. independentadj. 独立的 9. inspirevt. 鼓舞;激励
财务管理专业英语期末重点 一、单词 Topic1 财务管理financial management 资本预算capital budgeting 资本结构capital structure 股利政策dividend policy 存货inventory 风险规避risk aversion 股东权益stockholder s’ equity 流动负债current liability Topic2 财务风险financial risk 合伙制企业partnership 私人业主制企业sole proprietorship 收入revenue 主计长controller 财务困境financial distress 股票期权stock option 首次公开发行股票(IPO) initial public offering Topic 3 盈利能力profitability 偿付能力solvency 利润表income statement 有价证券marketable securities 提款withdrawal 应收账款accounts receivable 递延税款deferred tax Topic4 流动性比率liquidity ratio 权益乘数equity multiplier 资产收益率(ROA) return on assets 毛利gross profit margin 权益报酬率return on equity 市盈率P/E ratio 杠杆比率leverage ratio 息税前盈余(EBIT) earnings before interest and taxes Topic5 货币时间价值time value of money 年金annuity 折现率discount rate 机会成本opportunity cost
Reading Material 2 Shear Force And Bending Moment In Beams Let us now consider,as an example ,a cantilever beam acted upon by an inclined load P at its free end [Fig.1.5(a)]. If we cut through the beam at a cross section mn and isolate the left-hand part of the beam as free body [Fig.1.5(b)] ,we see that the action of the removed part of the beam (that is ,the right-hand part) upon the left-hand part must be such as to hold the left-hand part in equilibrium. The distribution of stresses over the cross section mn is not known at this stage in our study ,but we do know that the resultant of these stresses must be such as to equilibrate the load P.It is convenient to resolve the resultant into an axial force N acting normal to the cross section and passing through the centroid of the cross section,a shear force V acting parallel to the cross section, and a bending moment M acting in the plane of the beam. The axial force ,shear force, and bending moment acting a across section of a beam are known as stress resultants. For a statically determinate beam,the stress resultants can be determined from equations of equilibrium. Thus ,for the cantilever beam pictured in Fig.1.5,we may write three equations of statics for the free-body diagram shown in the second part of the figure. From summations of force in the horizontal and vertical directions we find ,respectively, N=P cosβV=P sinβ N=P cosβV=P sinβ And,from a summation of moments about an axis through the centroid of cross section mn ,we obtain: M=Px sinβ Where x is the distance from the free and to section mn,thus, through the use of a free-body diagram and equations of static equilibrium,we are able to calculate the stress resultants without difficulty. The stresses in the beam due to the axial force N acting alone have been discussed in the text of Unit.2;now we will see how to obtain the stresses associated with bending moment M and the shear force V. The stress resultants N,V and M will be assumed to be positive when they act in the directions shown in Fig.1.5(b).this sign convention is only useful,however ,when we are discussing the equilibrium of the left-hand part of the beam. If the right-hand part of the beam is considered, we will find that the stress resultants have the same magnitudes but opposite directions [see Fig.1.5(a)] . Therefore,we must recognize that the algebraic sign of a stress resultant does not depend upon its direction in space, such as to the left or to the right, but rather it depends upon its direction in space ,such as to the left or to the right, but rather it depends upon its direction with respect to the material against which it acts. To illustrate this fact, the sign conventions for N, V and M are repeated in FIig1.6, where the stress resultants are shown acting on an element of the beam. We see that a positive axial force is directed away from the surface upon which it acts