动词时态
时态部分：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态一般有：
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1．主动形式
过去现在将来过去将来
一般did do will shall do should would do
进行was were doing am is are doing will shall be doing
完成had done have has done will shall have done should would have done用于虚拟语气
完成进行had been doing have has been doing
2．被动形式
过去现在将来过去将来
一般was were given am is are given will shall be given should would be given
进行was were being given am is are being given
完成had been given have has been given will shall have been given should would have been given
完成进行
CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在过去）完成进行时。
时间状语从句当中的时态：
一般过去时所有的过去
用一般现在时表示现在和将来
现在完成时现在完成和将来完成
时态部分考试题型:
1 将来完成时
By the end of the year all but two people ______.
A）have left B）will leave
C）will be leaving D）will have left
到年底，除了两个人，所有的人都已经走了。(94.1-42,D对)
It's reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory ______ by about 10％.
A）will have risen B）has risen
C）will be rising D）has been rising
据报告，到本月底，这个工厂的水泥产量，将提高大约10%。(96.1-39, A对)
The conference ______ a full week by the time it ends.
A）must have lasted B）will have lasted
C）would last D）has lasted
到会议结束时，会议就将开满整整一周了。(97.1-22, B对)
My train arrives in New Y ork at eight O'clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there ______ by then.
A）would leave B）will have left
C）has left D）had left
我的火车将在今晚八点到达纽约，我要乘坐的飞机到时已经离开了。(99.1-47,B对)
2 一般过去时
The last half of the nineteenth century ______ the steady improvement in the means of travel.
A）has witnessed B）was witnessed
C）witnessed D）is witnessed
十九世纪的最后五十年，旅行的手段稳步地改善了。(98.6-41,C对)
used to 表示“过去曾经，现已不再”:
The Browns ______ here, but not any more.
A）were used to living B）had lived
C）used to live D）had been living
布朗一家曾经住在这里，现在已经不在这里住了。(94.1-59,C对)
3 一般将来时
Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ______advertisements showing happy, balanced families.
A）are often seeing B）often see
C）will often see D）have often seen
打开电视、杂志，你会看到那些显示幸福和睦家庭的广告。(95.6-47,C对)
While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news,
it is unlikely that television ______ the newspaper completely.
A）replaced B）have replaced
C）replace D）will replace
尽管人们于电视获取最新消息，然而电视完全取代报纸是不可能的。(95.6-48,D对)
4 过去完成时
Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it ______ necessary for all planes to land for refueling.
A）would be B）has been
C）had been D）would have been
1949年进行了首次不着陆飞行，在此之前所有的飞机为了加油都得着陆。(96.6-25,C对)
Until then, his family ______ from him for six months.
A）didn't hear B）hasn't been hearing
C）hasn't heard D）hadn't heard
到那时候为止，他的家人已经六个月没有收到他的来信了。(97.1-21, D对)
5 一般现在时
Once environmental damage ______, it takes many years for the system to recover.
A）has done B）is to do C）does D）is done
一旦环境遭到破坏，系统的恢复要花多年时间。(97.6-50,D对)
If she doesn't tell him the truth now, he'll simply keep on asking her until she ______.
A）does B）has done C）will do D）would do
如果她现在不把真相告诉他，他会不断地问她，直到她说出真相。
(98.6-53, A对)
非谓语动词部分:
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I.不定式：
一）不定式的常考形式：
一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生
完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.
被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前
二）不定式常考的考点：
1）不定式做定语----将要发生
2）不定式做状语----目的
3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.
三)不定式的省略
1)感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel
+ do表示动作的完整性，真实性；
+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）
感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.
2) 使役动词have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to
I ‘d like to have John do it.
I have my package weighed.
Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.
3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do
四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：
want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do
force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do
be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do
五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式
accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close closeness to; be dedication dedicated to; be opposition opposed to; be similarity similar to.
三、need want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。
He needs (a lot of) encouraging.
II. 动名词：具有动作性特征的名词
1)是名词seeing is believing
2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语starving troops is necessary.
一)动名词的形式:
一般形式：I don't like you smoking.
完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.
被动形式：This question is far from being settled.
二) 动名词常考的点
1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数
2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词
3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.
I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon．
A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对）
I regret not having taken your advice.
4)有些词后只能接动名词
admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...
另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：
it's no good; it's no little hardly any use; it's not hardly scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use point...
5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可
remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。
I remembered to post the letters. (指未来过去未来的动作)
I remembered posting having posting the letters (我记得这个动作)
forgot与remember的用法类似。
I regret to inform you that…我很遗憾地通知你…
I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。
try to 努力Y ou really must try to overcome your shyness.
try –ing 试验Try practicing five hours a day.
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。prefer的用法：
我宁愿在这里等。
I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。）
I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。）
I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。）
III 分词：
现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态
现在分词的形式:
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生)
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前)
3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动)
过去分词
过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared.
2)过去分词的进行形式：Y ou'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做)
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。
时态部分考试题型:
1 不定式和动名词作动词的宾语
(1)注意那些只接动名词不接不定式作宾语的动词,它们是：acknowledge, advise, admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, allow, consider, avoid, confess, defer, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, fancy, forbid, favour, finish,(can't) help , imagine , miss, mind, practise , permit , resist , risk, suggest等，例如：
People appreciate _____ with him because he has a good sense of humor.
A) to work B) to have worked
C) working D) having working
因为他很有幽默感,所以大家喜欢和他一起工作。（98.1-37, C 对）
I appreciate to your home.
A）to be invited C）having invited
B）to have invited D）being invited
感谢你邀请我到你家。（91.6-51，D对）
The teacher doesn't permit in class.
A）smoke C）smoking
B）to smoke D）to have a smoke
教师不允许在教室里抽烟。（91.6-49，C对）
Mark often attempts to escape whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
A）having been fined C）to be fined
B）to have been fined D）being fined
每当马克违反交通规则时，常常企图逃避罚款处分。(95.6-42，D对）
(2)另一些动词之后，可能接to不定式，也可能接动名词，但意义或用法不同。注意remember , forget , stop , regret ,go on 等后接不定式与后接动名词时的不同意义。试比较：
John regretted to the meeting last week.
A）not going C）not having been going
B）not to go D）not to be going
约翰后悔上星期没去参加会议。（91.6-64，A对）
We regret to inform you that we are not able to grant you the discount you ask for.
很遗憾，我方无法给你所要求的折扣，特此告知。
If I had remembered ____ the window, the thief would not have got in.
A) to close B) closing
C) to have closed D)having closed
如果我记得关窗的话,那贼就不会进去了。（96.1-40，A对）
want, need 和require 后接动名词相当于被动的不定式：
Y our hair wants ____ . Y ou'd better have it done tomorrow.
A) cut B) to cut C) cutting D) being cut
你该去理发了，最好明天就去。(97.6-48, C对。want cutting 相当于want to be cut, 但前者比后者更常见。）
(3) 另一些动词则只接to不定式而不接动名词作宾语：
There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _____ trouble. A) making B) to make
C) to have made D) having made
接待处有一男子似乎在生气，我想他要闹事了。（97.1-25, B对）
2 非谓语动词作定语
(1) 不定式作定语时,与中心词之间,在逻辑上有多种关系,其中可能是互相修饰关系。即：不定式修饰中心词；不定式短语末的介词与中心词组成介词短语，修饰不定式。这时动词可能是及物的（带宾语），也可能是不及物的，要特别注意不要漏掉不定式短语末的介词：Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one know which office room ____.
A) to sent it to B) to send it
C) to be sent to D) to have it sent
大家手里都拿着申请表,但没人知道该交到哪个办公室去。（94.1-44, A对。试比较: to send it to which room)
Could you find someone _____.
A) for me to play tennis with B) for me to play tennis
C) play tennis with D) playing tennis with
请你找个人来和我打网球。（94.1-63, A对。试比较：to play tennis with someone)
作定语的不定式也可能解释中心词的内容：
The pressure _____ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional stain.
A) to compete B) competing
C) to be competed D) having competed
竞争的压力使美国人精力充沛，但也使他们时时处于感情紧张之中。(97.6-47, A对）
(2) 注意区别“名词＋to不定式”与“名词＋介词＋动名词（短语）”结构：
He gives people the impression ____ all her life abroad.
A) of having spent B) to have spent
C) of being spent D) to spent
他给人的印象是他的一生都在国外度过。(98.6-46, A对。impression 后接“of＋动名词”结构)
(3) “介词＋关系代词＋to 不定式”可以作定语用。例：
Y ou will want two trees about ten feet apart, from to suspend your tent.
A）there C）which B）them D）where
你将需要两棵相距约10英尺的树，挂你的帐篷。（95.6-50 , C对）（＝Y ou will want two trees about ten feet apart to suspend your ten from）
(4) 分词作定语，注意区别现在分词与过去分词作定语时的区别，分词与to不定式作定语时的区别：
Homework _____ on time will lead to better grades.
A) done B) be done
C. having done
D. to have been done
按时完成作业会让你取得好成绩。（95.1-44, A对)
As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town _____ 50households or more.
A) having B) to have C)to have had D) having had
早在1647年，俄亥俄州就作出决定，拥有50户或50户以上家庭的每一个镇，都必须建立免费的由税维持的学校。(98.1-36, A对。in every town having 50 households or more 相当于in every town which has 50 households or more)
3 非谓语动词作状语
(1) 不定式作状语常常表示目的和结果:
______ a teacher in the university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree.
A) To become B) Become
C) One become D) On becoming
想在大学里当教师,至少要有硕士学位。（95.1-48, A对)
(2) 现在分词（短语）作状语表示主动，过去分词（短语）作状语表示被动，注意两者的区别：
The speaker, for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.
A）having known C）knowing
B）being known D）known
这位演讲者以演说精采闻名，受到了听众的热烈欢迎。（91.6-58 ，D对，相当于：The speaker，who was known for her splendid speeches...）
____ the earth to be fat, many feared that Clumbus would fall of the edge of the earth.
A) Having believed B) believing
C) Believed D) Being believed
许多人认为地球是扁的，因此害怕哥伦布会掉下地球的边缘。（96.6-22, B对）
4 非谓语动词作宾语的补足语
“动词＋名词＋现在分词/ 过去分词/ 带to 的不定式/ 不带to 的不定式”是常考的句型,注意它们意义上的区别:
The children went there to watch the iron tower .
A）to elect B）erecting C）be elect D）being erected
孩子们到那里去看铁塔被竖起来。（90.1-55, D对）
In Australia the Asian make their influence ____ in business large and small.
A) feeling B)feel C) felt D) to be felt
在澳大利亚,亚洲人使人们感到他们在大小企业中的影响。（94.1-67, C对)
The manger promised to keep me of how our business was going on。
A）to be informed C）informed
B）on informing D）informing
经理答应让我不断了解我们业务进展情况。（直译：...让我们不断被告知...)（90.1-57, C 对）
Don't get your schedule ____ ; stay with us in this class.
A) to change B) changing
C) changed D) change
不要改变你的计划，就和我们一起留在这个班。(96.1-42, C对）
When I caught him ____ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.
A) cheating B) cheat
C) to cheat D) to be cheating
我发现他在欺骗我，就不再在那里买东西，而转到别的商店购买。(97.1-44, A对）
They are going to have the serviceman ____ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.
A) install B) to install
C) to be installed D) installed
他们准备让服务人员明天在办公室里装一台电扇。(98.1-44, A对）
After a few rounds of talk, both sides regarded the territory dispute ____.
A) being settled B)to be settled
C) had settled D) as settled
几轮谈判之后，双方都认为领土争端已经解决。(98.6-66, D对。regard sth as done 是正确的用法）
5 不定式、动名词、分词的被动式、完成式、进行式的用法
It is not unusual for workers in that region _____.
A) to be paid more than a month late
B) to be paid later than more a month
C) to pay later than a month more
D) to pay later more than a month
那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事。（95.1-55,A对）
This programme will examine the writer's books in detail, ____ an introduction to her life.
A) following B) having followed
C) being followed D) to be followed
此提纲在介绍了她的生平后，将详细地检查作者的书。（94.1-70,A对）
Mrs. Brown is supposed for Italy last week
A）to have left B）to be leaving
C）to leave D）to have been left
布朗夫人上周就该动身去意大利了。（91.1-66, A对）
Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ____ to the nation.
A) has left B) is to leave
C) leaves D) is to be left
78岁的丹尼斯爵士已经向众人宣布他的许多收藏品将留给国家。（96.6-24, D对）
If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one
____.
A) to correct B) correcting
C) having corrected D) being corrected
如果我去更正别人的看法，我会尽可能以幽默和自我克制的态度去做，就象是我被别人更正一样。(96.6-28, D对)
The ancient Egyptians are supposed _____ rockets to the moon.
A) to send B) to being sending
C) to have sent D) to have been sending
人们认为埃及人在古代就已向月球发射火箭。（96.6-37, C对。）
I'd rather read than watch television; the programs seem ____all the time.
A) to go worse B) to be getting worse
C) to have got worse D) getting worse
我宁愿读书不愿看电视；电视节目似乎是越来越差了。(97.1-42,B对)
6 动词出现在介词后面时，大多数情况下以动名词而不以不定式的形式出现
动词出现在介词后面时，大多数情况下以动名词而不以不定式的形式出现。要特别注意:admit to (承认), approach to （方法），object to(反对), contribute to(起作用) , confess to (承认),resort to (求助于), reconcile to (顺从于), revert to(重新开始）submit to (忍受), swear to (断言），take to（开始从事）be used to (习惯于），look forward to，oppose to (反对）中的to 都是介词而不是不定式符号。如：
After for the job,you will be required to take a language test.
A）being interviewed C）interviewing
B）interview D）having interview
在你求职面试之后，还要参加一次语言测试。(93.6-44,A对。after在这里是介词）
The match was cancelled because most of the members a match without a standard court.
A）objected to having C）objected to have
B）were objected to have D）were objected to having
比赛取消了，因为大多数人反对在没有一个标准球场的情况下举行比赛。(91.6-48, A对)
The traditional approach ____ with complex problems is to break them down into smaller, more easily managed problems.
A) to dealing B) in dealing
C) dealing D) to deal
解决复杂问题的传统方法是把它们分解为更小的、更容易处理的问题。(96.6-33, A对)
I have no objection _____ the evening with them.
A) to spend B) to spending
C) of spending D) spending
我不反对和他们一起度过这个晚上。(95.1-66,B对。object to 反对)
there be 的动名词形式是there being:
An never dreams of _____ for her to be sent abroad very soon.
A) there being a chance B) there to be a chance
C) there be a chance D) being a chance
安做梦都没有想到她会有机会很快被送出国。(98.6-33, A对)
7 介词之后的不定式
介词后接不定式只见于少数场合：but 后面通常接带to的不定式：
There is no other means of mastering English but to learn it step by step.
W只有一步一步去学，才能掌握英语；除此以外，别无他法。
e have no alternative but to lodge a claim against you.
我们别无他法，只得向你方提出索赔。
That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but ____ the police.
A) called in B) calling in
C) call in D) to call in
这件事很严重，我别无选择，只得叫警察。(96.1-24, D对）
在do nothing but, can not but, can not help/choose but等之后，接不带to的不定式：
There was nothing we could do but wait.
我们只好等待。
She could not but admit that they were justified in this.
她不得不承认，在这件事情上，他们是有道理的。
except之后也接to不定式：
The windows were never opened except to air the room for a few minutes in the morning.
除了早上给房间换换空气，会把窗户打开几分钟外，窗户总是关着的。但是，在下面句子中，except 之前为动词do,后面的不定式不带to：
He will do anything except lend you money.
他什么事情都会做，就是不会借钱给你。
She can do everything except cook.
她什么事情都会做，就是不会做饭。
8 动名词短语之前可以有一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示它的逻辑主语
_____ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.
A) The girl was educated B) The girl educated
C) The girl's being educated D) The girl to be educated
让孩子在简朴的生活环境中接受教育正是她父母所希望的。(99.1-45, C对)
I would appreciate it a secret.
A）your keeping C）that you keep
B）you to keep D）that you will keep
你能对此保守秘密，我将十分感激。（95.6-41 , A对）
Although punctual himself , the professor was quite_____ used late for his lecture.
A) to have students B) for students' being
C) for students to be D) to students' being
尽管教授很准时，但他对学生迟到已经习惯了。(98.1-31, D对)
当这一结构不处于句首时，逻辑主语用名词的普通格或代词宾格更自然些：I remember to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A）once offering C）him to offer
B）him once offering D）to offer him
我记得他曾经答应过，如果我们遇到麻烦，他会帮我们一把。（93.6-62, B对）
一、选择题 1．They the English role play for the show last night. A．will practice B．practiced C．is practicing D．have practiced 2．—Look, Tom's parents look so sad. —Maybe they what's happened. A．knew B．have known C．has known D．will know 3．We’re not sure _______ there’ll be _______ or not tomorrow. A．if; rains B．if; rainy C．whether; raining D．whether; rain 4．Miss Brown, we ______ cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now? A．finish B．finishing C．are finished D．have finished 5．No noise, please. Your brother ________ his homework in the next room. A．does B．is doing C．did D．has done 6．Which of the following is right? A．He is used to live there. B．My main job is spreading the message about protecting the environment. C．I have borrowed the book from the library for two weeks. D．Kids under 18 are not allowed to drive. 7．I like this dress very much. It soft and smooth. A．feels B．touches C．is felt D．is touched 8．My mother will be very angry with me when she out where I have been. A．finds B．found C．will find D．has found 9．—I called you at three yesterday afternoon, but you weren’t in. —I ________ a meeting at that time. A．had B．was having C．have had D．would have 10．—I'm sorry. There was too much traffic on the road. —Never mind. The meeting________for only 5 minutes. A．has begun B．has stopped C．has been on 11．Alice always________her notebooks. She is not tidy. A．lose B．lost C．loses D．found 12．—How long have you________? —For 10 years, we got married in 2005. A．married B．got married C．been married D．were married 13．Miss Smith in our school since five years ago. A．teaches B．taught C．has taught D．is teaching 14．—I can’t stand such loud music! — Sorry, I __________ it off. A．have turned B．turn C．turned D．will turn
各种时态的用法 一、一般现在时 构成：a．主动：动词原形（主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要加s/es）；be动词要用am，is，are。 b．被动：am / is / are + 过去分词 用法： ①一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常用频度副词sometimes, often, always, usually, seldom及时间副词every day, night, week, month, year, in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night做状语。如： I go to school at 6 every morning. 每天早上我6点去上学。 ②一般现在时表示客观存在及普遍真理。如： Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。 The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。 注意：此种用法即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如： I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 我在小学就学过地球是围绕太阳转的。 ③一般现在时表示格言或警句。如： Pride goes before a fall. 骄兵必败。 ④一般现在时表示目前的情况或状态，常跟时间副词now连用。如： I am a teacher. Peter writes good Chinese but does not speak well. He lives in Beijing now, ⑤以here，there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. ⑥习惯性的爱好或行为。如： I like dancing while she likes singing. 我喜欢跳舞，而她喜欢唱歌。 We get up at six. ⑦在某些习惯表达法中，常用一般现在时表示已经发生过的动作或存在的状态。如： They say Wu Dong is ill. 据说吴东病了。 The paper says the disease is under control. 报纸上说这种病已经得到了控制。 The diagram tells us that people’s living is improving. 这份图标告诉我们，人们的生活正在改善。 ⑧在下列情况下表示将来： a．在（时间、条件等）状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如： I will give it to him as soon as I see him. 我一看见他就会交给他。 He will come if you invite him. 如果你请他，他会来的。 Suppose he doesn’t agree, what shall we do? 假如他不同意，那怎么办？ I shall do as I please. 我高兴怎么做就怎么做。 He will continue the work no matter what happens. 不管发生什么情况他都要继续这项工作。 b．在the more…the more…（越…越…）句型中，前者通常用一般现在时代替一般将
一、选择题 1．— Who ________the classroom tomorrow, Tony? — Our group. A．will clean B．cleans C．cleaned D．clean 2．—Surprise! Cindy is singing in the concert. —But she ______. A．will refuse B．refused C．refuses D．has refuse 3．—Rose, can you give me a hand? —Just a minute. I ______ the followers. A．am watering B．have watered C．watered D．water 4．— How about going for a drive, Mike? — One moment, please! I __________ cleaning our room soon. A．will finish B．have finished C．finish D．finishes 5．It ________ heavily when I left the movie theater. A．rains B．was raining C．is raining D．will rain 6．Boys and girls, there ________an English speech competition in two weeks. A．will have B．has C．is going to be D．are going to be 7．—I don’t understand why you didn’t go to t he lecture yesterday afternoon. —I’m so sorry. But I my homework. A．had done B．was doing C．would do D．am doing 8．Which of the following sentences is correct? A．He came in and sat down. B．We all like
时态 英语语法中的时态(tense)是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。是表示行为、动作和状态在各种吋间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说吋态结构的吋候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。 英语吋态可分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来吋，以及这四者的一般时、进行时、完成时和完成进行时。 在语法里,时或时态表示行为发生的时间和说话时的关系。一般分为过去式、现在式、将來式，通常也有与表示动作进行或终止的进行式和完成式等体貌一起相连用的情况。 动词的现在时 一般现在时 (1)一般现在时表示经常性的动作或状态 一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态时,常与often, always, usually, sometimes, every day 等时间状语连用。如： The shop opens at nine every day. It seldom snows here. (2)一般现在时表示客观存在或普遍真理 Light travels faster than sound. Food easily goes bad in hot weather. (3)一般现在时表示主语的特征或状态 The picture looks very beautiful. Air contains oxygen and nitrogen.空气含有氧和氮。 (4)一般现在时在时间和条件状语从句中表示将來的动作或状态 I'll tell her about it as soon as I see her. When does the train arrive? (5)用于图片说明或剧本屮的动作提示和背景说明 INSIDE THE SHELTER: Stockton slowly turns to face his wife. The angry screaming cries of the people ring in their ears even as they depart. 防空洞中：斯道克顿慢慢转过身，面对他的妻子。那群人正在离去，而他们愤怒的尖叫声却还冋响在他们的耳边。 (6)电视节口直播解说 It's Carter to serve- he needs just one more point. He serves. And Smith misses. What a great serve!So the championshipgoes to 19?year-old Harry Carte匚 该卡特发球了，他只需再得一分就赢了。他发球了，史密斯接球失误。多漂亮的发球！冠军属于了19岁的哈利■卡特。 现在进行时 (1)现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作 表示现阶段止在进行的动作，通常有表示现阶段的时间状语，女0： today, this week, this month, this year, this term,now 等。如: He is writing a novel now. (2)现在进行时表示经常性的动作 现在进行时在表示经常性、重复性或习惯性的动作时必须与only, merely, simply, really,fast, rapidly, steadily, forever, all the time, always, constantly, continually, repeatedly 等频度副词连用。如：
时态用法归纳Mar 2, 2011 第一部分重点时态 1. 过去时与过去进行时 2. 过去时与现在完成时 3. 过去时与过去完成时 4. 进行时态表暂时性情况 5. 一般时态表将来 一. “一般过去时” 与“过去进行时” 一般过去时：指过去做完了某事,有结果。 过去进行时：指当时正做某事, 不知结果或不谈论结果。 1) We built a dam last winter. 大坝 We were building a dam last winter. 2) I was using my phone when the teacher came in. 3) My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. (NMET 89) 4) I don’t think Jim saw me; he was just staring into space. (NMET 95) Practice: 1) --- Has Sam finished his homework today? --- I have no idea. He _____ it this morning. (2004四川高考) A. did B. was doing （B ） 2) ---- What’s wrong with your coat? ---- Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _____ on it. (2005重庆) A. was sitting B. sat (A) 进一步练习: 1.I first ______ (meet) Lisa three years ago. She ______ (work) at a radio shop at the time. (NMET 97) (met; was working ) 2.“Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.” “Where was I？” “You _________ (say ) you didn’t like your father’s job.” (2004年春招) (were saying ) 3. “You were out when I dropped in at your home.” “Oh, I ___________ (wait ) for a friend from England at the airport.” (2004广东) (was waiting) 4. Mary _____ __ (make ) a dress when she cut her finger. (NMET91 ) (was making ) 5. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I _____ (miss) half of it. (2004河北卷) (missed ) 6. ---You look very tired. _______ at all last night? --- No, not really. I’m tired out now. (2006陕西) A. Did you sleep B. Were you sleeping (A )
英语动词时态语态知识点详解 一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 例句： He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。 I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有： 时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/ the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter+宾语从句中，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 考点四：在the more…the more…(越……越……) 的句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 例句： We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。 Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。Marry is leaving on Friday.
动词的时态知识点梳理及经典练习(超详细) 一、初中英语动词的时态 1．— May I speak to Judy? — Sorry, she a speech in the hall now. A．makes B．has made C．made D．is making 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意：--我可以让Judy接电话吗？--对不起，她现在在大厅做演讲。这是打电话用语，指的是现在打电话的时候正在做某事，所以应该用现在进行时。故选D。 2．Miss Smith in our school since five years ago. A．teaches B．taught C．has taught D．is teaching 【答案】C 【解析】句意：Smith小姐从5年前就已经在我们学校教书了。考查现在完成时。 since five years ago自从五年前以来，意为自从五年前以来他就教我们英语，表示状态的持续，用于现在完成时；现在完成时的构成：主语+have/has+动词过去分词；主语是Miss Smith，所以助动词用has，teach教，实义动词，过去分词是taught，故答案选C。 3．We a few museums while we were in London. A．visit B．visited C．have visited D．are visiting 【答案】B 【解析】 句意：当我在伦敦时，我参观了几个博物馆。A. visit 参观，用于一般现在时态，主语复数时； B. visited 参观，用于一般过去时态； C. have visited 参观，用于一般现在完成时态； D. are visiting 参观，用于现在进行时态，主语复数时；根据 while we were in London.可知主句用过去时态；故选B 4．—May I speak to Mary? —Hold on, please.She_______in the kitchen. A．has cooked B．cooked C．will cook D．is cooking 【答案】D 【解析】 句意：——我可以让玛丽接电话吗？——请不要挂断电话。她正在厨房做饭。根据Hold on, please.可知此处表示现在让对方别挂断电话，应是表示他找的玛丽正做某事，故用现在进行时be doing，故选D。 5． I _____ Chinese dishes for my foreign friends tomorrow evening.
一般将来时时态用法讲解Last revision on 21 December 2020
一般将来时时态 1. 一般将来时的定义 一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间副词tomorrow, soon或短语next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做状语。如： What will you do this afternoon 你今天下午干什么 We will have a meeting tomorrow. 我们明天要开会。 He is going to study abroad（到国外） next year. 明年他要出国学习。 2. 一般将来时的结构及应用 (1) shall / will + 动词原形。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件下要发生的事情，只能用此结构。如： What shall we do if he doesn’t come 如果他不来，我们该怎么办 Will you be free this evening 今天晚上有空吗 I think he will tell us the truth（真相）。我想他会告诉我们真实情况的。 (2) be going to + 动词原形。表示已经计划或安排好了的事情，也可表示有迹象表明肯定要发生的事情。如： We are going to have a meeting to discuss （讨论）the matter this evening. 今天晚上开会讨论这件事情。 Look at the black clouds over there. I think it is going to rain soon. 看一看那边的乌云，我想天要下雨了。 There is going to be an English evening this week. 本周要举行一个英语晚会。 (3) be +现在分词。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。这个句型中动词主要是瞬间动词：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy等。如： Go ahead, and I’m coming. 走前面一点吧，我就来。 The dog is dying. 那条狗要死了。 Hurry up. The shop is closing. 快点，商店就要关门了。 (4) 一般现在时。表示一种严格按照计划进行的动作。比方说，上课、飞机起飞、火车离站等。如：
小学四种时态句子结构以及各种时态标志 词 一般现在时的句型结构 一般现在时的标志词： sometimes, often, usually, always, every day, five days a week, three times a month等. 1. 含有be动词的句子结构的变化： ①肯定句：主语+be(am,is,are)+其他。如：I am a boy. 我是一个 男孩。 ②否定句：主语+ be + not +其他。 如：He is not a worker.他不是 工人。 ③一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它？如：-Are you a student? - Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. ④特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？如：Where is my bike? 2. 含有行为动词的句子结构的变化： ①肯定句：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学 习英语。 ②否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。 如： I don't like bread. He doesn't often play. ③一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其他？ 如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. ④特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？即：疑问词+ Do( Does ) +主 语+动词原形+其他？ 如：How does your father go to work?
中考英语八种时态知识点归纳 中考英语八种时态知识点归纳 一、一般现在时： 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语：alas, usuall, ften, seties, ever ee (da, ear, nth n Sundas …)，ne a e 基本结构：①be动词；②实义动词 否定形式：①a/is/are nt;②谓语动词若为实义动词，A主语不是三单 式，则dn' t动词原形B主语为三单式，则desn'动词原形。 一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②谓语动词若为实义动词， A主语不是三单式，用助动词D主语动词原形 B主语为三单式，则Des主语动词原形Helen __________ a gd stude nt(be) Helen ________ fishing ver uh(lie) Helen‘ s friends usuall ________ t shl b bie(g) 二、一般过去时： 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常 性的动作、行为。 时间状语：…ag, esterda, the da befre esterda, last ee(ear, ni ght,
nth ?…)，in 1989, ust n, at the age f , ne da, at last, in the end, fin all, at first 基本结构：①as/ere②实义动词的过去式(ddid, eae, stpstpped) 否定形式：①as/ere nt;②在实义动词前加didn ' t同时还原实义动词，即didn' t动词原形 一般疑问句：①as或ere放于句首；②用助动词d的过去式 did提问，同时还原实义动词。Helen _______ brn in uxi(be) Hele n _______ t shl b bie esterda(g) 三、现在进行时： 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：n, at this tie, these das, l, liste n 基本结构：a/is/are di ng 否定形式：a/is/are nt di ng 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 Liste n, Hele n ______ a sng in the r(sing) 四、过去进行时： 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或 动作。 时间状语：at this tie esterda, at that tie, fr 6 t 8 last ni ght, at esterda
一般现在时 一、概念： 1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。 标志词或短语（带有表示频率的时间状语）：always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc。) ,never， sometimes , seldom , usuall y等等She only write to her family once a month.她一个月只给家里写一封。 I go to work by bike every day。我每天骑自行车上班。 2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。 . He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV. 3)表示客观真理 . There are seven days in a week. The sun rises in the east 。日出东方。 Ten minus two is eight。十减二等于八。 Light travels faster than sound 。光的速度比声音的速度快。 The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太平洋西岸。 4) 根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。主句表将来，从句要用一般现在时。 例：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。 If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details。 如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。 二、句式结构： 1）主语 + be动词 + 其他 2）主语 + 行为动词 + 其他 三、句式转换 1）be 动词的一般现在时的句式转换： 肯定句：主语+be+表语(n., adj.等)
几点注意 1 一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思 以及它所处的语言环境。例如 He speaks English . 一般现在时 说明动作发生的经常性。 他会讲英语。 He spoke English when he was in New Zealand . 一般过去时 说明动作发生的时间。 他讲英语时 他在新西兰。 He is speaking English. 现在进行时 说明动作正在进行。 他正在说英语。 He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA. 现在完成时 这里说明动作的总和。 他已经讲了3年英语 自从他来到美国。 He has been speaking English since he came to the USA. 现在完成进行时 强调动作的连续性。 他一直讲英语 自从他不到美国。 2 在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中 如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时 那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来时 如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时 那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。例如 I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow. 我不会打网球 如果明天下雨。 I would not play tennis if it rained the next day. 我不会打网球 如果后天下雨。 3 有些动词表示无法持续的动作 它们一般不宜用于进行时态中。这类动词常见的有 be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。 Be动词若是用于进行时态 可表示暂时、短暂的情况或表现。例如 Tom is being a good boy today。汤姆今天很乖。 He is being childish。他这样做是耍孩子气。 You are not being modest
英语的时态问题 英语的时态可以分为：“时”(time) 和“体”(aspect)（又称为态）。时是指动作发生的时间，体是指动作发生时的状态。时间与体就象是坐标里的横轴和纵轴，它们的结合交织出了瞬息万变的时空，也构成了英语动词的时态问题。 时间分为：过去，现在，将来，过去将来 体分为：一般（在某个时间点）， 进行（延续某个时间段）， 完成（完成某个时间段） 完成进行（延续某个完成的时间段） 如此以来，英语中就有16种时态变化，现在就用动词为write例，看看它们的形式。 注意：里面的斜体字部分，由于时态过于复杂，几乎没有人真正去应用它们，可以忽略不记。 下面就常用的12种时态，（其中还有三种相对用的较少的，请注意）。具体分析一下。 一．一般现在时 表示现在的时间“点”上发生的动作或者状态，常用于以下的情况 1、经常重复发生的动作或存在的状态，多与often, always, usually, sometimes, everyday, 等时 间状语连用。 He takes a walk after supper everyday My mother and father work at the same company. 2、表示性格，特征，能力。 Mr. Smith hates fish and never eats any. 3、表示客观真理或者普遍事实。
The sun rises in the east. 二．一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或者状态，常和表示过去某个时间“点”的时间状语(yesterday, last week, 3 years ago, in 1987)连用 She bought a car last week. He came to help me at that time. 三．一般将来时 表示将来的时间“点”上发生的动作或者状态。 The train will arrive soon. We shall know the news tomorrow. 四．过去将来时 过去某个时间“点”上将要发生的动作或状态。 I asked her where she would spend her holiday. I told my father that I should go home next Monday. 五．现在进行时 表示现在的时间“段”上正在延续进行的动作或者状态。 I’m doing some washing. What are you doing? 六．过去进行时 在过去某一个时间“段”正在延续进行的动作。 I was working in my office at eight o’clock yesterday evening. He was making a phone call when I saw him. 七．将来进行时 在将来某个时间“段”正在发生的动作，一般表示一种猜测和未来的计划，一般不太常用。What will you be doing at 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon? （明天下午三点你将在做什么哪） 八．现在完成时 表示动作在一个时间“段”的完成，而且这个时间段是从过去某一点延续到现在的。经常跟时间状语since 1987，for 10 hours , by the last year相连。 My brother has been ill for 3 days. I have not seen her since 1991. 九．过去完成时 在过去的某个时间“段”里动作的完成，从过去的一点再到过去的另一点。或者称为过去的过去。 He said that he had written her a letter. Helen rang me up after I had gone to sleep.
本专题为大家讲解了16种英语时态的用法,为大家总结了英语时态表,方便同学们更好的英语时态的结构. 英语的基本时态由三种“时”（时间），四种“态”（状态）交叉构成。 三种“时”：过去现在将来 四种“态”：常态进行态完成态完成进行态 一般时进行 时完成时完成进行时 现在 study be studying have studied have been studying 过去 studied be studying had studied had been studying 将来 will study wil be studying will have studied will have been studying 过去将来would study would be studying would have studied would have been studying
时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。 Ⅰ现在时态：四种 1．一般现在时态：表示现存的状态（be动词），经常做的动作 I do it. 我（经常）做这件事。 2．现在进行时态：表示正在进行的动作 I am doing it. 我（现在）正在做这件事。 3．现在完成时态：表示现在已经完成，对现在产生影响，形成结果 I have done it. 我（现在）已经做完这件事了。 4．现在完成进行时态：表示一直在进行的动作（字面意思已经在进行） I have been doing it. 我（现在）一直正在做这件事。 Ⅱ过去时态：四种 5．一般过去时态：表示过去存在的状态（be动词），经常做的动作 I did it. 我（过去经常）做这件事。 6．过去进行时态：表示过去正在进行的动作 I was doing it. 我（过去的某个时间）正在做这件事。 7．过去完成时态：表示过去已经完成，对过去的某个时间产生影响，形成结果 I had done it. 我（过去的某个时间）已经做完这件事了。 8．过去完成进行时态：表示一直在进行的动作（字面意思已经在进行） I had been doing it. 我（到过去的某个时间）一直在做这件事。 Ⅲ 将来时态：四种 9．一般将来时态：表示将来存在的状态（be动词），将来经常做的动作
时态复习的思维步骤应是：一时间、二主语、三动词。 一般现在时 一、一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性、习惯性、预定性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 4.一般现在时表将来——主将从现 二、构成 常与表示频率的时间状语连用。如always, usually，often, sometimes，every 三、重难点 （1）第三人称单数变化 i）在动词尾直接加s。如：
play—plays，want—wants，work—works，know—knows，help—helps，get—gets ii）以字母s、x、ch或o结尾的动词加-es；如： guess—guesses，fix—fixes，teach—teaches，brush—brushes，go—goes，do—does，watch—watches，catch—catches iii）以辅音字母＋y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es。如：study—studies，carry—carries，fly—flies，worry—worries （2）频度副词的位置及使用 always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely ,never 1.频度副词通常位于实义动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词等之后。 如：We often get together. Jane usually goes to work by bike. He sometimes goes there on business. He can never understand. I was never very good at maths. 注：如果有两个助动词，频度副词通常放在第一个助动词后面。如： We have never been invited to one of their parties. 他们聚会，一次也没邀请过我们。 She must sometimes have wanted to run away. 她有时候一定想到过要逃走。 2.频度副词位于句首的用法 1）. sometimes常可用于句首。如：Sometimes she comes late. 有时她来得晚。Sometimes she didn’t agree with me. 有时她和我意见不一致。 2）. often用于句首时，通常表示强调，且其前一般有quite, very修饰。如：Very often he comes in late. 他常常迟到。Quite often the phone rings when I’m in the bath. 电话经常在我洗澡时响。 3）usually有时也用于句首，其前不用修饰语。如：Usually I get Roman'我平时起得早。 四、课堂练习 按照要求改写句子。 1.Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答) 2.I have many books. （改为否定句） 3.Gao Shan's sister likes playing table tennis （改为否定句） 4.She lives in a small town near New York. （改为一般疑问句） 5.I watch TV every day. （改为一般疑问句） 6.David has got a goal. （改为一般疑问句） 7.We have four lessons.（否定句） 8.Nancy doesn't run fast （肯定句） 9.My dog runs fast. 否定句、一般疑问句： 10.Mike has two letters for him. 一般疑问句、否定句 11.I usually play football on Friday afternoon. 否定句、一般疑问句、划线提问 12.Mingming usually waters the flowers every day 否定句、一般疑问句、划线提问 13.I do my homework every day .(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) 14. She likes milk.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） 用词的适当形式填空。