龙文教育学科教师辅导讲义
教师：_____ 学生：___ __ _ 时间：2012年__ 月___ 日时段_____至______ 课题2012中考英语核心考点
教学目标
重点、难点
考点及考试要求
教学内容
可数one, each, many, both, another, either, neither, (a) few
不可数much, (a) little
可数/不可数one, any, other, all, some
复合不定
代词anyone, anybody, anything; someone, somebody, something; everyone, everybody, everything; nobody, nothing
all：指三者或三者以上的所有，可以作形容词修饰名词复数，作代词，可作主语、宾语或同位语；后可接of介词短语。
both：指―两者都‖，可以作形容词修饰名词复数，作代词，可作主语、宾语或同位语；后可接of介词短语。
each：―每一个‖，一般指两者中的每一个，也可指许多中的每一个；可以作形容词修饰名词单数，作代词，可作主语、宾语或同位语；后可接of介词短语。
There are trees on each side / both sides of the river.
Each of us has a chance to go to university.
We each have a dictionary.
every：三者或三者以上中的每一个，是形容词，只能作定语，后面不能接of介词短语。
either：指―两者中一个‖或―两者中无论哪一个‖，可以作形容词修饰名词单数，作代词作主语、宾语；后可接of 介词短语。
If you keep still, you can sit on either end of the boat.
I don‘t like either of them. Do you have any other blouse?
都任何都不
两者both either neither
两者（以上）all any none
◆---- Do you want tea or coffee?
---- _____ . I really don‘t mind.
A. Both
B. None
C. Either
D. Neither
◆I don‘t care for ______ of the hats. Would you show me a third one?
A. all
B. none
C. either
D. both
◆The thieves ran away separately, _____ carrying a bag.
A. all
B. each
C. every
D. either
◆I understood most of what they said but not ______ word.
A. any
B. each
C. every
D. one
◆—Excuse me, but can you tell me which road I should take to the post office ?
—_______ of the four roads will do.
A. Any
B. Neither
C. Both
D. Every
none＝not any; not one How many/how much?
◆He wants me to lend him some money, but I have at hand.
nothing＝not anything What?
◆Nothing is not anything on the table.桌子上什么也没有。
= is on the table.
no one＝nobody Who?
◆Nobody likes a person with bad manners. 没有人喜欢不讲礼貌的人。
= likes a person with bad manners.
◆—How much water is there in the bottle?瓶子里有多少水？—.一点也没有。
◆—What‘s on th e table?桌上有什么？—.什么也没有。◆—Who will go to the party?谁将去参加晚会？—.没人去。
◆---- How much vinegar did you put in the salad?
---- I‘m sorry to say, _______. I forgot.
A. no
B. nothing
C. no one
D. none
◆—I‘ve looked everywhere, but I haven‘t found any black ink.
—then, I‘m afraid there is ______ left.
A. nothing
B. no one
C. none
D. neither
不定代词意义用法说明
another 任何一个，
另一个
指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作代词或形容词。如：
I don‘t like this coat. Show me another, please.
other 另外的只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有the, this, that some, any, each, every, no, one 及my, your, his 等时，则可与单数名词连用。如：any other plant, every other day。
the other 两者中的
另一个
常与one 连用，构成：one … the other… 一个……另一个……；
作定语修饰复数名词时，表示―全部其余的‖
others 泛指别的
人或物
是other 的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定
语，构成some…others…
the others 特指其余
的人或物
是the other 的复数形式，特指其余的人或物。
the others=the other +复数名词
◆Two boys will go to the zoo, and will stay at home.
others是other的复数形式，泛指“另外几个”，“其余的”。在句中可作主语、宾语。
◆Do you have question(s)? 你还有其他问题吗？
◆Some of us like singing and dancing, go in for sports.
◆Give me others, please. 请给我别的东西吧！
◆There are others. 没有别的了。
the other指两个人或物中一个时，只能用the other，不能用another，这里other作代词。
◆He has two daughters. One is a nurse, is a worker.
the other后可加单数名词，也可加复数名词，此时的other作形容词。
◆On side of the street，there is a tall tree.
◆I don‘t like this one. Please show me another.
=I don‘t like this one. Please show me .
What can I say? 我还能说什么呢？
◆Both of them haven‘t read this story.并非他们二人都看过这个故事。
= one of them read this story.
◆All bamboo doesn‘t grow tall. 并非所有的竹子都长得高。
= bamboo grows tall.
= Some bamboo grows tall, some doesn‘t.
◆we don‘t fear any difficulty. 我们不怕困难。
= We fear .
one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those
◆The book on the desk is better than that under the desk.
=The book on the desk is better than under the desk.
◆The books on the desk are better than those under the desk.
=The books on the desk are better than under the desk.
◆He has lived in London and New York, but he doesn‘t like ______ city.
A. neither
B. either
C. both
D. all
◆—Do you have a passport, sir ?
—Yes, I have _______. Here you are.
A. it
B. that
C. one
D. this
指代题
指代题作为词义题的一种，也是常见题型之一。解这类题，要注意代词批代总的原则——就近指代：代词指代在性(阴性或阳性)、数(单数或复数)、格(主格或宾格)、逻辑、意义、位置等方面与之接近的名词。就位置而言，如上所述，代词所指代的名词通常在本句或其上句之中；就数而言，单数代词指代单数名词，复数代词指代复数名词：
◆性、数:Max pulled bill’s trousers,as if (E)he was trying to pull him along.
划线部分E在文中指代的是_____________
◆数(单数)：it 指代单数名词(单数可数名词或不可数名词)，也可指代一个句子；
It also says that the idea that we need less sleep as we get older is completely untrue(D)??Pe ople have no idea how important sleep is to their lives，‖Dr Thomas Roth，director of the Foundation says．―Good health needs good sleep‘‘―But not too much of(E) it，‖says Professor Jim Home of Loughborough University．
划线部分E在文中指代的是_____________
The next day a picture of a black horse was on the door of the bar instead of (E) that of the white horse.
划线部分E在文中指代的是_____________
◆they指代复数名词主格；
We hope that green buildings will become common in the future, because (E) they are good for the environment.
划线部分E在文中指代的是_____________
◆them指代复数名词宾格；
They also gave us signs with numbers on( C)them for competitions during the show.
划线部分C在文中指代的是_____________
◆one指代单可数名词等。
Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one ( =a present ) that I have never seen.
Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones (=many presents ) that I have never seen.
除了位置、性、数和格等方面的要求外，逻辑和意义也是衡量的标准，也就是说，正确的答案应该从意义(主要指语法搭配)上和逻辑(主要指思想内容)上而言都通顺。
since, for, because, as表原因的用法区别：
because：表示直接的原因或理由。用于回答Why的问题。because与so不能同时并列使用。
since：表示对方已知的，无须加以说明的既成事实的理由。译为―既然‖。
as：表示十分明显的原因，一般说明因果关系。
for：常出现在并列句中，不说明主句行为的直接原因，只提供补充说明，且不可位于句首。
◆you can't answer the question, I'll ask someone else.
= you can't answer the question, I'll ask someone else.
= you can't answer the question, I'll ask someone else.
= you can't answer the question, I'll ask someone else.
◆_______ you are leaving tomorrow, we can eat dinner together tonight.
A. For
B. Since
C. When
D. while
◆It must be morning，the birds are singing.
◆We couldn't go out you can't answer the question, I'll ask someone else.
when，while与as的用法：
均可表示―当……的时候‖，但有区别：
when：既可接表示动作性或短暂性的动词，也可接表示状态的动词，不强调主从句谓语动作同时发生。有时还有―这时‖的意思。
while：常接持续性的动词，强调主从句谓语动作同时发生，常用进行时。有时还有对比意义，意为―然而‖。
as：强调同时发生或伴随进行。常用一般现在时或过去时，意为―一边……一边……‖。有时还有―随着‖含义。
◆I do every single bit of housework _______ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
A. since
B. while
C. when
D. as
before after since
●It was 3 years ______ he came back.
●It was 3 years ago ______ he came back.
●It is 3 years ______ he came back.
◆The show was an hour long but we had to arrive at the studio two hours (A) the show started。
在文中A的空白处各填入一个适当的单词：________
◆The next moment, (F)she had time to realize what was happening, she was hit over the head.
在文中F的空白处各填入一个适当的单词：________
◆Operation Smile also trains doctors in developing countries So that they can continue to help children even(E)______ the Operation Smile team has left the country．
在文中E的空白处各填入一个适当的单词：________
as(/like)/when although/though/but/however because/for if unless
◆The trouble is that our atmosphere is changing (C)_______ we are polluting it with chemicals—in the form of gases—and it is keeping in too much heat!
在（C）处填入适当的词语____________
◆He found it very difficult to read, (C)_______ his eyesight was beginning to fail.
在（C）处填入适当的词语____________
◆Peter was so excited(A) _____he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.
在文中A的空白处各填入一个适当的单词：________
◆The earth goes around the sun just (E) _____ the moon goes around the earth.
在文中E的空白处各填入一个适当的单词：________
◆As a result, European automakers used to make a wider variety of compact cars while American automakers used to build bigger, heavier cars. (B)_____ , these days, automakers in both America and Europe produce cars of different sizes. This is because most automakers export their cars all over the world.
在（B）处填入适当的单词：________
most
most of the +n.(pl)/pron.
the majority of (the)
mostly: 主要地（状）
◆Americans love to try something new___because they believe that the newer may be the better.
A. mostly
B. hardly
C. nearly
D. almost
◆---Did you enjoy the movie last night?
---Yes, I didn‘t expect it ______ wonderful.
A. more
B. as
C. most
D. much
◆---The temperature today is 10℃ below zero.
---Oh, it‘s ____cold.
A. the most
B. the more
C. most
D. much more
a number of / the number of “数量”不同:
◆A number of foreign scientists come to visit China since 1998.
A. has
B. are
C. have
D. will
◆The number of the students in our class 45.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
much too+adj/adv(原级)
too much+n.(u.)
too many+n.(pl.)
◆It‘s high time you had your hair cut ; it‘s getting .
A. too much long
B. much too long
C. long too much
D. too long much
protect…(from) doing sth
prevent/stop…(from) doing sth
keep…from doing
keep…doing
◆Wearing dark glasses can _______ your eyes from the sun.
A. care
B. prevent
C. defend
D. protect
◆He made up his mind to devote his life ___________pollution________ happily.
A. to prevent, to live
B. to prevent, from living
C. to preventing, to live
D. to preventing, from living
live: 活着，有生命的(作定语，主要用来指鸟或其
他动物)，实况直播的
lively: 活泼的，有生气的，生动的
alive: 活着的，还有气儿的，是表语形容词，在句
中作表语或后置定语
living: 活着，健在的，现行的
◆The hunter said he was lucky to get out of the forest____.
A. living
B. alive
C. lively
D. live
主+be +adj. +to do:不定式一般用主动式，与主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系，所以当不定式的动词是不及物动词时，则应在其后加上适当的介词。
主+be +adj. +to do= It be +adj.+ (for/of sb) +to do sth
◆This question is difficult to answer.
= is difficult answer the question.
◆The man is hard to work with.
= is hard to work the man.
turn+adj: 常表示从某种状态向其他状态变化的自然现象
The weather has turned much colder.
go+adj: 常表示由好变坏的情况：The milk went wrong/bad.
become+adj: 强调施动者的作用或变化的结果
Please don‘t get angry.
come+adj: 一般表示向好的方面变化。
My dream has come true.
◆Happy birthday, Alice! So you have twenty-one already!
A. become
B. turned
C. grown
D. passed
◆On hearing the news of the accident in the local mine, she ________ pale.
A. got
B. changed
C. went
D. appeared
◆At last he ___ worker.
A. became
B. turned
C. changed
D. grew
sth：与…一致/符合
sb：同意某人
with one‘s idea/opinion 同意某人的意见
what sb said (观点，所说的话)
to on‘s plan/ suggestion
agree 同意某人的计划、安排、意见
about/on/upon sth同意做某事
to do sth
that-clause
◆The manager has ________ to improve the working conditions in the company.
A. accepted
B. allowed
C. permitted
D. agreed
◆Some teachers couldn‘t agree ____the spring outing, but all the students agreed ____ the plan.
A. with; with
B. on; to
C. to; with
D. about; on
to do
specially+ for-phrase
especially
◆It‘s always difficult being in a foreign country, _____ if you don‘t speak the language.
A. terribly
B. naturally
C.specially
D. especially
late：晚，迟，不久前
lately=recently：近来
last：最后，最后的
latest：最近的，最新的
later：后来；结构常为：一段时间＋later：过了…之后
◆– I have seen so little of Mike_____. Is he away on business?
-- Oh, no. He just leaves for his office and comes very_____.
A. later; lately
B. later; later
C. lately; late
D. late; lately
◆In Britain, the best season of the year is probably _____ spring.
A. later
B. last
C. latter
D. late
have/make/let/see/watch/listen to
+宾+宾补(do/doing/done)
get sb to do sth
have+宾+宾补(to do/to be done)
◆Will you __ me the favour to put on the coat?
A. do
B. make
C. give
D. have
◆They ___ him working all day long.
A. had
B. made
C. forced
D. obliged
◆Go and join in the party. ________ it to me to do the washing-up.
A. Get
B. Remain
C. Leave
D. Send
◆I love to go to the seaside in summer. It ______ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.
A. does
B. feels
C. gets
D. makes
◆—When shall we start?
—Let ________ it 8:30. Is that all right?
A. set
B. meet
C. make
D. take
n.
doing/to do sth
sb to do sth
prefer+ sth to sth
doing A to doing B
to do A rather than do sth
that sb (should) do sth
◆Does this meal cost $50? I ______ something far better than this!
A. prefer
B. expect
C. suggest
D. suppose
◆He _____ live in the country than in the city.
A. prefers to
B. likes to
C. had better
D. would rather
分词的基本特征：
A) 现在分词主动的，表进行的，表特征的．
◆The long and tiring talk, filled with arguments and quarrels, ended in disorder, _____ no agreement at all.
A. arriving
B. arrived at
C. reaching
D. and getting to
◆Many students _____ around, I explained the story into details.
A. stood
B. standing
C. to stand
D. were standing
◆Bill suggested _____ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
A. having held
B. to hold
C. holding
D. hold
◆—Robert is indeed a wise man.
—Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ______ his advice!
A. to take
B. taking
C. not to take
D. not taking
◆Peter received a letter just now ________ his grandma would come to see him soon.
A．said B．says C．saying D．to say
B)过去分词被动的，表完成的，表状态的．
◆______ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.
A. Driven
B. Being driven
C. To drive
D. Having driven
◆The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ________ every day.
A. watered
B. watering
C. water
D. to water
◆Please remain _________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A. to seat
B. to be seated
C.seating
D. seated
不是任何动词都可以用于过去分词(只有及物动词才可以用作过去分词.)：
◆The photo____ on the wall was taken in Beijing last year.
A. hang
B. hanging
C. hung
D. hanged
◆In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours _______ in my study.
A. locking
B. locked
C. to lock
D. to be locked
现在分词作表语与过去分词作表语的区别：
◆The film was very interestin g.
◆I‘m interested in reading novels written by Jin Yong.
如何使用分词作定语，状语，宾补:
定语:
The girl reading over there (The girl who was reading over there) soon fell asleep.
The broken window (The window which was broken) will be replaced soon.
The books bought yesterday ( which were bought yesterday) are of high quality.
分词作定语时应该注意的问题．(missing , lost ; remaining ,left等)
状语:
Scolded ( As she was scolded) by the teacher, the girl sat there without lifting her head.
Having been kept (As he had been kept) in prison for many years, he went mad.
The old man passed away, leaving a lot of debts unpaid.
Having finished (After he had finished) his exercises, he went to play basketball.
宾补:see / hear / feel / notice / have / catch / leave / set / send…. sb. doing sth:
have something done / get something done / make
The salesman caught the thief stealing in the shop. oneself done ….等句型中。
Yesterday he had his watch fixed at the watch-maker‘s.
动名词
能用动名词作宾语的的动词：consider can't help can't stand enjoy excuse escape
practise put off miss mind avoid risk give up finish imagine keep suggest
◆He has few friends and never mind ______ alone, playing by himself.
A. leaving
B. having
C. to be left
D. being left
◆We can hardly imagine Peter _____ such rude words to you.
A. say
B. to say
C. saying
D. to have said
◆All the staff in our company are considering to the city centre for the fashion show.
A．to go B．going C．to have gone D．having gone
口诀：memepscarfi: 音译成：妹妹不吃咖啡。
这里每个字母代表一个或几个单词：m-miss e-enjoy ; m-mind ;e-escape; p- practise; s- suggest / stand; c- consider / complete; a-admit / allow /advise / appreciate / avoid; r- risk; f- finish ; i- imagine，常用的词都列在里面了。
用动名词作宾语．而用不定式作宾补的动词：advise allow permit encourage
◆—Can I smoke here?
—Sorry. We don‘t allow ______ here. (1)
—Sorry. We don‘t allow you _____ here. (2)
A. people smoking
B. people smoke
C. to smoke
D. smoking
"八大金刚:"remember forget stop mean try regret agree go on
◆——Let me tell you something about my Chinese teacher.
—— I remember _____ about her yesterday.
A. telling
B. being told
C. to tell
D. having told
need , demand, want, require 表示“需要”的用法:
◆The old lady needed ___ as she was in her 80s.
A. to look after
B. looking after
C. look after
D. being looked after
状语中的动名词:
The old man passed away, leaving a lot of debts unpaid.
Having finished (After he had finished) his exercises, he went to play basketball.
动名词的复合结构:
We like Tom‘s (Tom) singing the English song.
The little boy‘s crying drew our attention.
◆Many students _____ around, I explained the story into details.
A. stood
B. standing
C. to stand
D. were standing
不定式:
不定式的基本特征：主动的，表将来的，表目的．
◆——Why are you always making me drink milk?
—— ______ enough calcium for you to grow tall and strong.
A. Get
B. To get
C. Getting
D. To be getting
不定式做主语时，谓语动词怎样在人称与数方面保持一致:
To build the bridge needs much money.
可以用不定式做宾语的动词：want , like , wish, hate, prefer, hope, continue, manage, try, ask, offer, start, forget, promise, mean, pretend,begin, decide, learn, agree, expect等．
The child pretended to be sleeping / asleep when I came back home.
◆I‘d like my child _______ in a school of high quality.
A. educating
B. to educate
C. to be educated
D. being educated
◆My son pretended _______ when I came back.
A. to sleep
B. sleeping
C. being sleeping
D. to be sleeping
可以用wh-＋不定式做宾语的动词:ask, decide, explain, forget, know, learn, remember, see, tell, show, teach, discuss, wonder, advise 等．
◆At the shopping center, he didn‘t know what ____ and ____ with an empty bag.
A. to buy ; leave
B. to be bought ; left
C. to buy ; left
D. was to buy ; leave
不定式做宾补的注意事项：
宾补：He asked me to do work with him.
主补：She was often heard to sing the song while doing housework.
◆The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ______ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.
A. breaking
B. having broken
C. to have broken
D. break
不定式作定语时应注意的事项：
A)不定式的主动式或被动式的选择．
B)与被修饰词的逻辑关系．
The bridge built last year (which was built last year) is very beautiful.
The bridge to be built next month (which will be built next month) will be very long.
The bridge being built (which is being built) will be completed next month.
◆―Things _________ never come again!‖ I couldn‘t help talking to myself.
A. lost
B. losing
C. to lose
D. have lost
◆—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down.
A.filled
B.filling
C.to fill
D.being filled
◆If there is a lot of work ___, I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished.
A. to do
B. to be doing
C. done
D. doing
◆It is one of the funniest things ______ on the Internet so far this year.
A. finding
B. being found
C. to find
D. found
不定式作状语:
A) in order to so as to (表目的)
B) be glad to do sth. (表原因，注意该句型的形容词)
◆Now that we‘ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ?
A. taking
B. take
C. taken
D. to take
C)only to do sth. (表结果，多数有only在前．)
◆He went to bed _____ . The next morning he woke up only ____ himself lying on the floor.
A. drinking ; to find
B. drunk ; to find
C. being drunk ; finding
D. to drink ; finding
辨析：calm指无风浪或人的心情平静adj.镇静的，沉着的vt.使平静；使安静
quiet指没有声音，不吵闹
still指没有运动或动作的状态
silent指不作声，不讲话
◆It was a _____ evening and I really had a good sleep.
A. calm
B. silent
C. quiet
D. safe and sound
◆ In an emergency, you should remain _____.
A. calm
B. silent
C. quiet
D. still
injure v.受伤，伤害injured adj.受伤的injury n.伤口，受伤处
hurt (身体部位)感到疼；（肉体或精神上）受到伤害
wound受伤（枪伤/刀伤）等In the battle, soldiers were wounded and some were even killed.
harm意指无形伤害，“对……有害”Reading in the sun harms your eyes.
damage主要用于无生命的东西，常指对价值和功能的损坏，可修复。damages赔偿费destroy意为“毁坏，消灭”，指不可修复的破坏。
◆Although the city had been attacked by the storm several times, _____________was done.
A. a few damages
B. few destroy
C. little hurt
D. little damage
◆After the big fire, the house was completely____.
A. ruined
B. destroyed
C. damaged
D. spoiled
◆The workmen made so much _____ that Tom had to spend three days cleaning up afterwards.
A. trouble
B. damage
C. mess
D. nuisance
◆He got ___ in the battle.
A. hurt
B. harmed
C. injured
D. wounded
scene指某一处的自然风光n. 现场，情景，景色，发生地点，（戏剧）一场
behind the scenes在后台make a scene吵架，（当众）大吵大闹scenery （总称）自然景物，天然风光，是由多个scenes构成的自然风景。
Guilin is famous for its beautiful scenery.
sight 景象，风景，名胜，侧重值得看的事物或很难看的东西；很可笑的事物What a sight she looks in that old dress!她穿那件旧衣服看来是多么可笑。
view景色，风景，侧重从人所处的角度以眼所看到的景色。
You can get a wonderful view at the top of the tower.
◆The book is reading 这本书值得读。
◆Don‘t worry a lot me 不要为我过多担心。
=
◆He was worried.
◆English is spoken all over the world.全世界都说英语。
◆I can finish the work two days. 我可以在两天内完成这项工作。
◆It is wise of you to stay at home. 你待在家里真明智。名词：wisdom
= = =
◆She is to share happiness with friends.她乐意与朋友分享快乐。
◆I like food. 我喜欢西式食物。名词:west eastern /southern /northern
◆She is a well-known actress. 她是著名的女演员。
◆The baby 4 kilos 这个宝宝重4公斤。名词：
◆He goes back home once a week. 每一周的每日的每月的
◆辨析：wear vt. 戴，穿强调穿的状态put on 强调穿的动作
dress sb某人穿衣服in是介词
She is a pair of jeans today. 她今天穿了一条牛仔裤。
She a smile on her face. 她面带微笑。
Please warm clothes, it is cold outside. 穿上暖和的衣服，外面很冷。The little boy can himself. 那个小男孩可以自己穿衣服了。
◆On my school I found a wallet.在我去学校的路上我发现一个钱包。
◆this way you can work out the problem.用这种方法你可以做出这个题。
= this means = with this
◆顺便问一下, where is Tom?
◆We can‘ t live . 没有水和空气我们不能生存。
◆Parents us swim in the river. 父母亲警告我们不要在河里游泳。
◆The weather is becoming . 天气变得越来越暖和。
◆I found a wallet on the ground 我发现地上有个钱包。
◆I like to .我喜欢遛狗。
◆My father after supper.晚饭后爸爸出去散步.
◆Every morning mother me .每天早上妈妈把我叫醒。
◆is good for our health.多吃蔬菜对我们身体有好处。
◆There are various designs for you to choose from.有各种各样的款式让你挑选。
◆Your advice will be of great value to me.你的建议对我具有重大价值。
= Your advice will be me.
◆they sat under the big tree.象往常一样，他们坐在大树下。
◆她过去住在乡下，现在她习惯住在城里了。
She live in the country.Now she living in the city.
the 100-metre race 100米赛跑
100-metre作定语，修饰race, 注意metre用单数。类似结构：
①a two-thousand-word letter一封两千字的信②an 18-year-old girl一位18岁的女孩
另外有时还可用所有格形式来表达：
100-metre race = 100 metres‘ race / two-month holiday = two months‘ holiday
但当前面有a/ an ; 物主代词；所有格时。则只能用复合形容词来表示：
◆What did the headmaster say about Jim‘s ______.
A.two months holiday
B.Two months‘ holiday
C.two-month holiday
D. two moth‘s holiday
have / has been to: 曾经去过…
have / has gone to: 已经去了…
have / has been in: 已在…(多久)
注意：1)后接地点副词here, there , home时应省介词
2)与时间段连用只用have /has been in
①--Where‘s Tom?
--He ______________ Beijing.
②I ______ Beijing several times.
③She ________ Chengdu for two years.
④He __________ there twice.
◆Tom picked up the ball and passed it to Alice. =
◆It was too dark there, and I couldn‘t even pick out my parents. =
◆Will you help me pick strawberries? =