IV Key to Exercises
Q Do the following exercises.
1 Translate, paying attention to the use of the bold type.
这辆二手车买得很便宜。
他的讲话被打断/缩短了。
在这里建造铁路之前，先要把这里的水抽千。
这花瓶擦干净以后看起来就会和新的一样。
这房子被刷成了淡绿色。
就在那时，门被突然賜开。
恐怖分子被枪杀，人质都被释放。
在日本，鱼往往是生吃的。
这可怜的孩子生下来就失聪，不久又失明了。
10.据说在皇陵完工的时候，那些建造皇陵的工人都被活埋在里面。
2 Give the corresponding adjectives of the following names of countries. 1. Iraqi
7. Belgian
2. Pakistani 8. Argentine
3. Yemeni 9. Swedish
4. Lebanese 10. Swiss
5. Danish 11. Norwegian
6. Hungarian 12. Polish
3 Review how these words are formed.
These are compound adjectives consisting of a noun plus an adjective with the noun serving as a modifier of the adjective. “Jet-black” for example means “as black as jet (a
hard black material).”
Vocabulary
Q Translate the following expressions.
Into English
1. crack the walls
2. save souls
3. play hide-and-seek
4. slow to a trickle
5. grab sb by the hair
6. call sb names
7. rip her shirt
8. reveal the secret
9. resist progress
10. come into view
11. gather firewood
12. talk sb out of doing sth
13. wriggle one’s way out of the crowd
14. run errands
15. deliver sb from suffering
16. assure a steady supply
17. take the pressure off sb
18. keep him out of one’s hair
第一手资料漆黑的头发一位虔诚的天主教徒家务事一种让人感到在家般自在的声音手卷香烟
有利可图/十分挣钱的生意一家肉铺
它原来模样的空架子一所教会学校
Into Chinese
1.梯田
多岩石的群山百日咳周围的村庄林中的一块空地粉尘羊粪
黏糊糊的双手精瘦强健的妇女旌旗如林
20
Q Replace the parts in bold type with appropriate words and expressions from the text.
1. caved in
2. charged, lucrative
3. talk him out of it, resist
4. an argument, escalating
5. relayed to/delivered to, assemble/congregate
6. been reduced to mere skeletons, save/deliver
7. began to/proceeded to, with utmost gravity
cracked
9. keep unwanted visitors off your hair 10. packed with people, wriggle K1 Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Incredible as it may sound, I hear that they charge 40 yuan for a bowl of simple noodles at the airport.
2. Sun Quan finally talked everybody into agreeing to put Lu Xun, a young scholar, in charge of/commanding this decisive battle.
3. He was arrested on the charge of smuggling, but in accordance with the law, no citizen can be arrested without evidence.
4. She dropped the plate on the ground, but it miraculously did not break, without so much
as a crack.
5. I can assure you that if we dig a well deep enough here, we will strike water. So if you guys have no objection, let’s get started.
6. She takes delight in shifting the tables and chairs in this room so as to give the room a new look.
7. The focus of our economic development has shifted from the coastal areas in the east to the central and western areas.
8. He shifted/changed to the highest gear, thus leaving all the other cars far behind.
9. I maintained that smoking should be forbidden, but he disagreed because he said that the tobacco industry was an important source of government revenue.
10. The local people raised a strong objection to installing the cable car over that beautiful mountain.
Q Choose the right word(s) in their proper forms.
1 1. assure 2. assured 3. reassuring 4. insured, ensured 5. ensure, reassured 6. reassuringly
2 1. twisted/tumed 2. twisted 3. wring 4. distorted/twisted
5. twisted
6. twisted
7. wringing
3 1. gathered/assembled 2. assembling 3. gather/collect,
gathered/collected
4. gathering, assembled/gathered, collectors
5. collect/gather
6. collect, collecting, collection
4 1. crack, break 2. cracked, tear 3. tore 4. split, broke
5. break, Split
6. tore/ripped
7. tom
5 1. abandoned 2. abandoned/deserted/forsaken,
abandoned/deserted/forsaken
3. abandon/desert/forsake
4. desert
5. forsaken, deserted
6. abandoned
1. ignore
2. neglect
3. overlook
4. neglected
5. ignore
6. neglecting
B Point out which of the following sentences contain paradox and which oxymoron.
1 ? paradox9. ? oxymoron
2. paradox 10. ,paradox
3. oxymoron 11. paradox
4. oxymoron 12. paradox
5. oxymoron 13. paradox
6. paradox 14. paradox
7. paradox 15. oxymoron
8. paradox 16. paradox
Grammar
D Learn to use as and though as concessive conjunctions.
1 Group the patterns of concessive clauses in the following sentences into the categories listed below.
Ol，2，3,6 ?4,9 ?5,8 ?7,10
2 Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets using the patterns of concessive cl^uscs listed in the previous exercise.
1 ? Simple as it is
2. Much as he loves his children
3. Try as he might
4. Trash as it is
5. Happy and contented as they are in retirement
6. Hard taskmaster though he appeared to be in the lab
7. Tempting though it was
8. Perfect talk show host though he is
9. Much as I respect him
10. Proud as they are of their father
B Learn to use It is/was (high) time (that) sb did sth.
1 Study the use of It is/was (high) time (that) sb did sth in the following sentences and put each into a category listed below.
The structure “it is/was (high) time (that)."，，is used to convey two meanings. One is “approximately the right time，” the other being “long past the right time.” For example, “It’s
time you went to bed” can mean either that “You should have gone to bed much earlier” (often stated with emphasis on the word “time”)，or that “Now is the appropriate time for you to go to bed.” The precise meaning of this term depends on the tone of voice and/or the
context.
O 1,3, 6, 7 ?2,4,5, 8
2 Translate the sentences into English using it is/was (high) time (that) sb did sth.
1. We've been training for the whole morning. It,s time we took a break and had lunch.
2. The Johnsons decided that it was high time their 40-year-old son moved out of their
house.
3. Twenty years have passed, and it，s time we buried the past
misunderstandings of our two families.
4. It，s time we protested publicly and said no to such gender discrimination in this department.
5. It，s time unions and management sat down and worked out a real solution to the problem.
6 it h time national leaders took stock of their nation’s resources and worked out realistic plans.
Q Study the grammatical structure of these involved sentences.
1 ? This is a complex sentence.
Main clause: the story of the fish and oranges was true Subordinate clauses: Adverbial clauses of concession: Incredible as it may sound
Adverbial clauses of reason: because men who would not lie even to save their own souls told and retold that story until it was incorporated into Magdalene’s calendar Both adverbial clauses modify the predicate verb of the main clause was true.
In the second clause there are two subordinate clauses:
1) who would not lie even to save their own souls (a relative clause modifying the subject of the reason clause “men”)
2) unti l it was incorporated into Magdalene’s calendar (a time clause modifying its main verb “told and retold”）
2. It is also a complex sentence.
Main clause: I watched
Subordinate clause: the rest of the sentence except for the opening word “breathless (This is a time clause)
Within the subordinate clause:
Two relative clauses:
1) “That supposedly would make it possible to talk with uncles, aunts, and cousins,” modifies “a black machine.”
2) “Who lived more than two days' ride away," modifies “uncles，aunts, and cousins.”
Q Translate the selection into Chinese.
然而这个问题仍然没有得到答复。以上所列举的明显的影响看起来说
得很不够，而且仅涉及机械方面，也就是说仅触及皮毛。或许电话至关重要的影响转瞬即逝，而且无法测量。使用电话对个人是有风险的，因为这意味着对外界的暴露；对某些人来说，与人通话时对方突然挂断电话是他们最怕发生的一件事；还有的人会梦中听到电话铃
响，醒来时心脏抨怦地跳。现实生活中，电话铃声或许比生活中的其他任何声音都更能激起希望、恐惧、忧虑、快乐——究竟是哪种情感当然取决于我们的期盼。电话是我们连接社会的神经末梢。
在某些方面电话本身是个矛盾的怪物。一方面，它促使了一个时代的
诞生，同时也是这个时代的象征；另一方面，它又与这个时代截然相反。在这个崇尚“大”、充满暴力的时代，它却小而平和——只需要一些微小的部件和很低的电压。在这个一切都变得复杂的时代，它基本上极为简单。它是如此和人相似，传出的声音是如此的真实，就连跨
洋通话时朋友、情人之间都无须自报姓名，问它对人类生活的影响，也就像问我们手和脚有什么作用一样没有意义。加拿大哲学家马歇尔.麦克卢汉是少数研究这些问题的学者之一，他称电话创造了人的“一种额外的感知”。他的话或许接近于道出了电话的本质。