Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes
(一)教学目标(Language Goal)
1. 能够谈论允许和不允许做的事情
2. 能够谈论应该被允许和不被允许做的事情
3. 能够针对被允许和不被允许做的事情发表自己的观点(同意或者不同意)
4. 能够表达同意或者不同意的理由
(二)目标语言(Target Language)
1. I think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive.
我认为应该允许16岁的孩子开车。
2. I disagree . I think sixteen is too young.
我不同意，我认为16岁这个年纪太年轻了。
3. Do you think thirteen-year-olds should be allowed to have part-time jobs?
你认为应该允许13岁的孩子们做兼职工作吗？
4. No, I don’t. 不，我认为不应该。
5. Anna is allowed to wear her own clothes. 安娜可以选择自己的衣服。
6. They are not serious enough at that age. 那个年龄的他们不够稳重。
7. －What rules do you have at home ? 你家有什么规定吗？
－Well, I’m not allowed to go out on school nights.
噢，我在周一至周五不能外出。
(三)词汇和短语(Vocabulary and expressions)
allow 允许
drive 架车pierce [pi s]刺穿license 执照driver司机
silly愚蠢的、傻的
earring 耳环
concentrate集中
volunteer自愿、志愿
Local地方的
primary初级的
seem to 好像
perform表演
part-time jobs 兼职工作driver’s license 驾驶执照get their ears pierced 穿耳孔at that age 在那个年龄
get noisy 变得嘈杂
at present 目前
be sleepy 睏
so do we 我们也一样get to class late . 上课迟到fail a test 考试不及格
be strict with 对…要求严格the other day 前几天
get to doing sth 着手做某事look smart 看起来整洁concentrate on 关注…
old people’s home 敬老院
be a good way to do 是…的好方法choose one’s own clothes 选自己的衣服
sixteen-year-olds 十六岁的孩子
It’s a good idea for sb to do 是…的好主意
go out with their friends 和朋友一块出去
have an opportunity to do sth . 有做…的机会
be a good experience for sb. 对…来说是很有意义的经历take time to do things 花费时间做事情
after a long week of classes 上完一周课之后
have Friday afternoons off 周五放假
(四)语法内容：被动语态
1. 被动语态的定义:
“语态”表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语中有“两态”的说法，即主动语态和被动语态，本单元中反复出现的should be allowed 就是一个含有情态动词(should)的被动语态。
先看几个基本概念:
主语是动作的发出者为主动语态
主语是动作的接受者为被动语态
只有及物动词才有被动语态。
2. 被动语态的构成
(1)请大家看图
The office is cleaned every day .
The office was cleaned yesterday.
Compare active and passive：
动作的接受者the office成了句子的主语，就应该用被动语态。从上面的例句我们可以总结：一般现在时的被动语态为：主＋am / is / are (not)＋过去分词
一般过去时的被动语态为：主＋was / were ＋过去分词
如：Butter is made from milk.
This house was built 100 years ago.
以前我们学过的was / were born 生于，就是一个被动语态:
－When were you born ? －I was born in 1989.(born是bear的过去分词)
如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者，句子后面需接by …，译为“被(由)…”
如：We were woken up by a loud noise. 我们被嘈杂的声音吵醒。
(2)请看图
从上面例子，我们可以看出：
现在进行时被动语态的构成为：主语＋is / am / are + being ＋过去分词
再如：My car is being repaired now.
Some new houses are being built near the park. 公园附近在建一些房子。
(3)请看图
BEFORE NOW
从上面例子，我们可以看出
现在完成时被动语态的构成为：主语＋have / has ＋been ＋过去分词
如：My key has been stolen. My keys have been stolen.
I am not going to the par ty, I haven’t been invited.
含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be＋过去分词
A note had better be left to him.
Teenagers should be allowed to wear their own clothes
这里我们列举了几个主要时态，那么其它时态呢？
一般将来时主语＋will ＋be ＋过去分词
过去将来时主语＋would / should + be ＋过去分词
过去进行时主语＋was / were + being ＋过去分词
过去完成时主语＋had + been +过去分词
被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。
各种句式的被动语态：
肯定句：主语＋be + 过去分词＋(by…)
否定句：主语＋be not ＋过去分词＋(by…)
一般疑问句：Be ＋主语＋过去分词＋(by…)?
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋be＋主语＋过去分词＋(by…)
3. 被动语态的用法：
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用by＋动作执行者短语
Such books are written for children. 这些书是为儿童写的。
I haven’t been told about it. 没有人告诉我这件事
(2)强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。
The cup was broken by David.
(3)作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型
It’s / was said / believed / reported/ + that …
It’s reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake. 据报道，这次地震中大约有三百人死亡。
4. 主动语态变为被动语态
把主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是：
(1)把原句中的宾语变为主语
(2)动词改为被动形式，即be+过去分词
(3)原来的主语，如果需要的话，放在by后面，如果没必要，可省略。
主动语态变成被动语态应注意事项：
从主动语态到被动语态的过程中主语、谓语动词、宾语都发生变化。
注意主格与宾格的变化形式。
注意主语的人称及数的变化对be 动词带来的影响。
注意be 动词的时态形式取决于原主动语态的动词时态形式。
5. 被动语态的几种类型
(1)有两个宾语的句子的被动语态(直接宾语，间接宾语)
通常这种句子可以改为以“人”当主语；和以“物”当作主语的两种被动语态。
如：He gave me a book.
－I was given a book by him. (以I 做主语)
－A book was given to me by Tom. (以物book 作主语)
He teaches us English.
－We are taught English by him. (以人当主语) －English is taught us by him. (以物作主语) (2)含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态
keep, make 三类的动词常常有宾语补足语，在被动语态中，宾语补足语位置不变。
We keep food fresh in the fridge. (主 谓 宾 宾补)
－Food is kept fresh in the fridge.
I saw him go into the office building.
－He was seen to go into the office building.
英语中有“十大动词”的说法:即feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch , see , notice ，这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加to ，但变被动句时必须加to.
(3)含有短语的主动语态变被动语态
不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词
They take good care of my child. 他们把我的孩子照顾得很好。
－My child is taken good care of
I turned off the radio.
－
The radio was turned off(by me.)
附：动词短语的被动语态:
take care of －be taken care of cut down －be cut down
laugh at －be laughed at look after －be looked after
下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加－by
be covered with …用…覆盖着 be interested in …对…感兴趣
be surprised at …对…感到惊奇 be made of (from)用…制造的
(4)由情态动词形成的被动语态
含有情态动词的句子在变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面加上be 动词即可，其句型如下：
肯定句：主语＋情态动词(can , may , must)+be+ 过去分词…
否定句：主语＋情态动词＋not + be + 过去分词…
疑问句：情态动词(Can , May , Must )＋主语＋be ＋过去分词＋….
如：We should allow teenagers to surf the Internet.
－Teenagers should be allowed to surf the Internet.
Can you use it? 你会使用它吗？
－Can it be used ?
6. 不能用于被动语态的几种情况
(1)当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词时，不能改为被动语态。
他在镜中看见了自己的模样。
We often help each other. 我们常常互相帮助。
(2)当谓语是表状态的及物动词时(如have, like, take place , belong to …)
I like these flowers. 我喜欢这些花。
I will have a meeting.
不说A meeting will be had. 应说A meeting will be held .
(五) 重点、难点：
1. the other day
我们还可以说the other day , morning , week , month.
不久前的一天，一个上午、一个星期、一个月等
I saw him in London the other day. 我最近有一天在伦敦见过他。
2. get to 着手做某事
… and I got to talking about the rules …
He got to doing the homework after supper.
3. concentrate on sth . 专注于某事(做某件事而不做其他事)
He decided to concentrate on English because he just failed the exam.
他决心专攻英语因为他刚刚考试不及格。
This company concentrates on the Chinese market.
这家公司把重点集中在中国市场。
4. be good for 对…有好处有益于(…that is good for studying …)
This kind of food is good for me. 这种食物对我身体有益
Sunshine is good for plants. 阳光对植物有益。
5. It’s a good idea for sb t o do sth. 做…对…来说是个好主意
(It’s also probably a good idea for parents to allow …)
It’s a good idea for us to travel to the south.
6. get noisy 变得嘈杂(I know we got noisy sometimes , …)
noise －noisy
7. learn from 向…学习，从…中学习
… but we learn a lot from each other.
We should learn from our mistakes. 我们应从错误中学习。
8. at present. (At present they’re too short.)
at present 此刻、现在＝at this time , now
I can’t help you at present －－I’m too busy
我现在帮不了你－－实在太忙了。
9. … have an opportunity to do sth 有做…的机会
have no opportunity to do 没机会做…
I hope to …… have an opportunity to go to the States.
I have no opportunity to have a talk with her
注意：文中在谈论将来时，用了一些动词过去式和would + 动原的形式这是虚拟语气。表示对将来的一种假设。
(六)本单元其他句型结构：
1. sixteen-year-olds十六岁的青少年
它相当于一个名词 ,相当于sixteen -year- old kids.
“一个16岁青少年的表达方式”
a kid sixteen years old a kid of sixteen a kid of sixteen years old.
a sixteen-year-old kid
2. stop doing停止做某事
He should stop wearing that silly earring. (Section A 2a)
We two stopped talking. 我们俩个停止了谈话。
3. 主＋seem to do sth . 好像
His temperature seems to be all right. 他的体温好像完全正常。
seem其他用法
(1)seem+形容词
The question seems quite easy. 那个问题好像很容易。
(2)seem+名词
That seems a good idea. 那好像是个好主意。
(3)It seems + that 从句
It seemed that nobody knew anything about the matter. 看来没有人知道这件事。
4. So do we (Section A 3a)
So do we 为倒装句，其结构是So + be 动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语，在时态上应和上一句保持一致。应翻译为“我们也是这样”用英文解释是：
We have a lot of rules at my house, too.
5. on school nights, on Friday nights, on Saturday afternoons.
我们在说某个具体的，特定的早晨、下午、晚上时应用on.
6. be strict with 对…要求非常严格
She’s very strict with her children. 她待子女很严。
7. old people’s home 敬老院
以前我们曾学过old folk’s home
8. take time to do things 花费时间做事情。
take在这里为“花费”的意思。
类似的词组有：
It takes sb some time to do sth. 花…时间做某事(it为形式主语)
It took me 2 hours to finish the homework.
9. be a great experience for sb. 对…来说是一次很棒的经历。
10. volunteer
(1)n. 志愿者
volunteer groups 志愿小组
volunteers to run Christmas show. 自愿操办、圣诞节表演的人。
(2)v. 自愿或无偿地给予或提供(帮助、建议)
Tim’s busy but I’ll c ome , he volunteered. 蒂姆很忙，我来吧，他主动说道。
11. sleepy想睡的(a. )
Are you sleepy ? 你睏吗？
asleep 睡着的、熟睡的
He waits until the children are asleep. 他一直等到孩子们睡着了。
词组fall asleep 入睡
He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door.
他刚要入睡，就有人大声敲门。
【模拟试题】
被动语态专项练习：
一．选择填空
1. In some countries , tea ______ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving
B. is served
C. serves
D. served
2. Great changes _____ in my hometown since 1980.
A. have been taken place
B. took place
C. have taken place
D. were taken place
3. The new type of car is going to ______ in three years.
A. turn out
B. be turned out
C. has turned out
D. have been turned out
4. The woman murdered her friend and ______ to ______.
A. was sentenced , death
B. sentencing , die
C. sentenced , death
D. sentenced , die
5. －Do you like the skirt ?
－It _______ soft.
A. is feeling
B. felt
C. feels
D. is felt
6. Are you still here ? You were here an hour ago . Who ________ for ?
A. are you waiting
B. did you wait
C. were you waiting
D. do you wait
7. _____ to know Professor Zhang.
A. He said
B. I said
C. He is said
D. It says
8. －I want to sit at the table near the window.
－Sorry , ______ already.
A. it took
B. it takes
C. it is taking
D. it has been taken
9. The letter _______ three days ago and it ______ yesterday.
A. had post , had arrived
B. was posted , arrived
C. posted , arrived
D. had been posted , was arrived
10. He told me that the final examination _______ next Thursday.
A. is given
B. will be given
C. would have given
D. would be given
11. Water ______ into ice.
A. will changed
B. must be changed
C. should change
D. can be changed
12. Plays ______ twice a month in that theatre.
A. put on
B. are put on
C. was put on
D. often put on
13. The birds _______ fly away last Saturday.
A. let to
B. is let to
C. was let
D. were let to
14. A strange sound ______ yesterday evening.
A. was heard
B. hears
C. heard
D. is heard
15. A beautiful bike _______ him by his classmates.
A. sent to
B. will sent to
C. was sent to
D. will be sent for
16. Miss Chen ______ just ______ to speak at the meeting.
A. has …been asked
B. has been …asked
C. Have been … asked
D. have …been asked
17. Meat _______ out in this shop . We can _________ now.
A. have been sold , get nothing
B. has been sold , get nothing
C. has been sold , get some
D. have been sold , get some
18. Th e new play _______ in theatre now . Why don’t you go in and see it ?
A. is being shown
B. is showing
C. is shown
D. shows
19. Can you tell _______ ?
A. when did it happen
B. when was it happened
C. when it happened
D. when it was happened
20. ______ the job ______ by Lucy or by John ? Tell me the truth , please.
A. Has … finished
B. Has …being finished
C. Is …finish
D. Has …been finished
二. 用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空
1. When _____ the first man-made satellite _______ (send) up into space ?
2. Last year vegetables ____ (grow)in the garden by Tom and he _____ (sell)them himself.
3. She ______ (help) him with his homework tomorrow evening.
4. How many magazines ______ (can borrow) in your library every week ?
5. John ______ (hear) to go upstairs two hours ago.
6. －Who ______ (save)her father ?
－He ______ (save)by that policeman.
7. The doctor ______ (send for) because his grandpa was ill.
8. Mooncakes ______ (make) by his mother every year. ______ your mother _____ (make) mooncakes for you every year ?
9. Some toys ______ (buy) as a presents for these children last Monday.
10. _____ paper ______ (make) of wood ?
三. 用所给单词完成句子
1. (the office / clean / yesterday) The office was cleaned yesterday.
2. (the house / paint / last month)The house _______________________
3. (three people / injure / in the accident)_________________________
4. (my bicycle / steal / a few days ago)_________________________
5. (when / this bridge / build?)_________________________
6. (you / invite / to the party last week?)_________________________
7. (how / these windows / break?)_________________________
8. (I / not / wake up / by the noise) _________________________
四. Correct these sentences. (改正下列句子)
1. This house built 100 years ago. This house was built
2. Football plays in most countries of the world. ___________________
3. Why did the letter send to the wrong address? ___________________
4. A garage is a place where cars repair. ____________________
5. Where are you born? ____________________
6. How many languages are speaking in Switzerland? _______________
7. Somebody broke into our house but nothing stolen. _______________
8. When was invented the bicycle? ____________________
五. 填空(完成被动语态填空)
1. They often clean their classroom after school. (改为被动语态)
Their classroom _____often ______ by them after school.
2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week. (同上)
A new pen _____ _______ _____ Tom last week.
3. A lot of people in China can speak English now. (同上)
English ______ ____ ______ by a lot of people in China now.
4. I have learned English for about two years. (同上)
English ______ ______ ______ for about two years.
5. They will publish these story-books next month. (同上)
These story-books _____ _____ _____ next month.
第三单元参考练习
Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.
一. 单词分类
1. serious,
2. kids,
3. calm,
4. silly,
5. old,
6. wild
7. teenagers
8. students,
9. the young
10. fifteen-year-olds,
11. have part-time jobs,
12. get one’s ears pierced,
13. choose one’s own clothes
14. be home by 10 p.m
15. go out with friends
用于指人_____ _____ ______ _____ ______
家规校规_____ _____ ______ _____ ______
人物特点_____ _____ ______ _____ ______
二. 英英释义(连线)
1. teenagers a. fix one’s attention on something
2. part-time b. for only a part of the working day or week
3. concentrate c. kids aged from 13 to 19
4. at present d. begin to
5. get to e. at this time , now
三. 根据中文意思完成句子
1. I _____ _____ ______ to talk with her. 我没机会和她谈话。
2. Everybody has strong points. We should _____ _____ each other.
每个人都有优点，我们应该互相学习。
3. I can’t help you _____ ______. －－I’m too busy.
我现在不能帮你－－我太忙了。
4. When the comedy actors came out, the audience _____ _____.
当喜剧演员出场时，观众变得嘈杂起来。
5. He decided to _____ ______ English, because he just failed the exam.
他决定专攻英语，因为他刚考试不及格。
6. He _____ ______ doing the homework after supper. 晚饭之后他开始做作业。
7. Fruits and vegetables ______ _____ _____ you. 水果和蔬菜对你有益。
8. His parents _____ _____ _____ him. 他的父母对他要求非常严格。
9. ____ _____ him two hours to do the homework. 他花了两个小时做作业。
10. John has a lot of family rules. 约翰家有许多家规,
_____ _____ Peter. 彼得家也是这样。
四. 选择填空：
1. I ______ to have a part-time job.
A. am not allow
B. not allow
C. d on’t allow
D. am not allowed
2. Sixteen-years-olds shouldn’t ______ to go to an Internet bar.
A. be allowed
B. be allow
C. allow
D. are allowed
3. _____ middle school students allowed to use mobile phone at school?
A. Do
B. Did
C. Are
D. Can
4. Students _____ to use E-mail English in everyday writing.
A. may not
B. can’t
C. shouldn’t
D. shouldn’t be allowed
5. I don’t think teena gers should be allowed to drive, because they are _____.
A. not enough serious
B. not serious enough
C. too serious
D. to serious
6. Which of the following school rule is true?
A. students are allowed to make noise in the hallway.
B. students are allowed to wear their own clothes.
C. students are allowed to wear earrings
D. students are allowed to ask teachers questions in class.
7. I have to stay at home ______ school nights.
A. in
B. at
C. on
D. for
8. Many students will be ______ if the class is boring.
A. sleep
B. sleepy
C. sleeping
D. slept
9. －I think teenagers shouldn’t be allowed to smoke.
－I agree ______ you.
A. with
B. on
C. about
D. for
10. The National Day is coming, we’ll have 7 days ______.
A. on
B. off
C. up
D. down
五. 读写题
(A)Quick Work
Ted Robinson has been worried all the week. Last Tuesday he received a letter from the local police. In the letter he was asked to call at the station. Ted wondered why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday and he is not worried at more. At the station, he was told by a smiling policeman that his bicycle had been found. Five days ago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away. It is now being sent to his home by train.
Ted was most surprised when he heard the news. He was amused (感到有趣)，too , because he never expected (指望)the bicycle to be found . It was stolen twenty years ago when Ted was a boy of fifteen.
Answer the questions:
1. What happened last Tuesday?
______________________
2. What was he told at the station?
______________________
3. What are the police doing with the bicycle?
______________________
4. Why was he surprised and amused?
______________________
5. How old was Ted when his bicycle was stolen?
______________________
(B)The rich and the poor
The world is divided (分为)into two main parts . The difference is that one part is rich and the other is poor. In the poor part, a lot of people never get enough to eat. In the rich part, a lot of people eat too much. In one part , child starve (饿死)and in the other ,a lot of people get fatter and fatter and have to go on diets (吃特别饮食), or do special exercises in order to lose weight.
The poorer countries have special problems. Sometimes the land is too poor to grow anything on . The land can be improved (改善), but a lot of things must be done first . The people must be educated an water must be found. But rich countries have problems, too. There are not always pleasant places to live in. Sometimes the air is too dirty to breathe, and the rivers are too dirty to swim in or to take water from . The roads are too crowded to drive along. Large numbers of people do not have decent (象样的)housed to live in . Some things will have to be done about these problems
The air and the river will have to be cleaned, and more houses will have to be built. Answer the questions :
1. What’s the difference between the two parts?
___________________________
2. Do the poorer countries have many problems? What for example?
___________________________
3. Can anything be done about it?
___________________________
4. What must be done, for example?
___________________________
5. Can all this be done easily?
___________________________
【试题答案】
被动语态专项练习：
一. 1－5 BCBAC 6－10 ACDBD
11－15 DBDAC 16－20 ABACD
二. 1. was sent 2. were grown , sold
3. will help
4. can be borrowed
5. was heard
6. saved , was saved
7. was sent for 8. are made , Does …make
9. were bought 10. Is …made
三. 2. The house was painted last month.
3. Three people were injured in the accident.
4. My bicycle was stolen a few days ago.
5. When was this bridge built.
6. Were you invited to the party last week ?
7. How were these windows broken ?
8. I wasn’t woken up by the noise.
四. 2. Football is played in most …
3. Why was the letter sent to …
4. where cars are repaired
5. Where were you born ?
6. How many languages are spoken …
7. …but nothing was stole n.
8. When was the bicycle invented ?
五. 1. is cleaned 2. was given by
3. Can be spoken
4. has been learned
5. will be published
单元练习答案：
一. 单词分类：
指人：10 , 2 , 7 , 8 , 9,
家规校规：11 12 13 14 15
人物特点：1 3 4 5 6
二. 英英释义：1－c，2－b，3－a，4－e，5－d
三. 1. have / had , no opportunity
2. learn , from
3. at , present
4. got , noisy
5. concentrate on
6. got/ gets , to
7. are, good
8. are, strict , with
9. It, took
10. So, does
四. 选择：1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. B
五. (A)
1. Tom Robison received a letter from the local police.
2. He was told that his bicycle had been found.
3. It’s now being sent to his home by train.
4. Because the bicycle was stolen twenty years ago. He never expected the bicycle to be found.
5. He was only fifteen.
(B)
1. The difference is that one part is rich and the other is poor.
2. Yes , they do , They have many special problems.
3. Yes , land can be improved , but a lot of things must be done first.
4. The people , for example , must be educated and water must be found.
5. No , it can’t be done easily.