Unit2
4为了支持和促进国际商务，公司和政府发展了各项有关服务，诸如建立银行信贷协定、制定汇划结算安排和缔结国际邮政协定，从而保证国际商务的顺利开展和扩大
In order to support and facilitate international business, companies and governments have developed services, such as establishment of bank credit agreements, make remittance settlement arrangements and international postal agreements conclusion, in order to ensure the smoothly development and expansion of international business
5在加剧的外国竞争的压力下，为了维持竞争力，谋求生存和发展，公司不得不将其业务扩展到国际市场，对国外销售机会作出反应，积极扩大国际商务活动Under the pressure of foreign competition, in order to maintain competitiveness, to seek survival and development, the company will have to expand its business into the international market, respond quickly to many foreign sales opportunities, and actively expand the international business activities
Unit3
1、许多国家和地区工农业生产的巨大增长
Many countries and regions in the tremendous growth of industrial and agricultural production
2、导致工业国对食品和原材料的需求迅速增长
In industrial countries on food and raw materials to the rapid growth of demand 3、增至十五倍的工业品进口量
Increased to fifteen times of industrial products imports
4、对发展中国家农业出口产品需求的剧烈增长
On developing agricultural export product demand sharp growth
5、对棉花和天然橡胶等原材料需求的减少
On cotton and natural rubber and other raw materials to reduce the demand 6、合成代用品生产的发展及其产量的增加
Synthetic substitutes for production development and yield increase
7、有助于发展中国家的工业发展和经济增长
Contribute to developing industrial development and economic growth
8、国际贸易对各国经济发展重要的有益作用
International trade on the economic development of various countries important beneficial effect
9、有助于欠发达国家制造业和制成品生产的发展
Contribute to the less developed country manufacturing industry and the development of the production of manufactured goods
10、刺激和促进发达与发展中国家间资本的流动
To stimulate and promote the flow of capital between the developed and developing countries
11、新技术和新的管理技能的传送手段
New technologies and new management skills transfer means
12、从国际贸易获得巨大好处的欠发达国家
From international trade have great benefits for the less developed countries 13、国际贸易与长期经济发展之间的关系
International Trade and economic development of the relationship between 14、以更快的速度从发达国家吸引先进技术
Faster speed in order to attract advanced technology from developed countries 1、国际贸易的产生和发展，促进了各国再生产过程的正常运行和不断扩大，提
高了生产力水平，并促进了生产国际化和资本国际化，以及提高其他方面的经济发展
The emergence of international trade and development, promote the process of reproduction and the normal operation to expand ceaselessly, improve the level of productivity, and promote the internationalization of production and capital internationalization, and improve other aspects of economic development
2、凯恩斯及其追随者着重于出口对就业和收入的作用，他们认为贸易顺差可以
扩大支付手段，压低利率，刺激物价上涨，增加投资，从而有助于国内危机的缓和与就业的扩大
Keynes and his followers to focus on export of employment and income effects, they think the trade surplus could expand the means of payment, interest rates low, stimulate the price rise, increase investment, which contribute to the domestic crisis of relaxation and expansion of employment
3、另一些经济学家认为，国际贸易的兴起和发展，会使商品的市场扩大，从而
推动技术进步和生产过程的改善，促进产量增加，并使投资结构发生变化，从而促进整个国民经济的发展
Some economists think, international trade is arisen with development, can make commodity market to expand, thereby promoting technological progress and production process improvement, promoting yield increase, and make the investment structure changes, so as to promote the development of the national economy
4、发展中国家发展对外贸易导致外汇收入增加和外国先进技术的引进，它在弥
补这些国家资本、促进它们的技术进步中起着重要的作用
In developing foreign trade in foreign exchange income increases in foreign countries and the introduction of advanced technology, which make the national capital, promote their technological progress plays an important role in 5、多年来，在吸收外资的同时，中国全力发展对外贸易，大量进口精密的机械
设备和尖端技术，大量出口各种工农业产品，有力地促进了经济发展和社会主义现代化的实现
Over the years, in the absorption of foreign capital, China to develop foreign trade, large imports of sophisticated equipment and advanced technology, a large number of export all kinds of industrial and agricultural products, effectively promoted the economic development and the socialism modernization
国际贸易给各国经济带来了巨大的利益。发达国家需要全球贸易的自由化为本国企业开拓更为广阔的发展空间，发展中国家也纷纷把出口导向作为本国工业化的发展战略。
美国是当今世界上最大的进出口贸易国，每年进出口贸易达2万亿美元，出口产业已成为美国经济增长的引擎，美国经济增长的1/3来自出口行业。
欧盟是当今世界上最大的贸易集团，每年进出口贸易都占世界进出口贸易的1/5左右。欧盟成员国之间的内部贸易是欧盟一体化的重要经济基础。
国际贸易对目标市场国家尤为重要，随着目标市场国家经济发展和对外开放，对外贸易在中国经济中日益显现，1999年，目标市场国家国内生产总值为8.2万亿人民币，全年进出口总额3607亿美元，其中出口总额1949亿美元。进出口总额相当于全年国内生产总值的1/3以上。全国将近1/5的产品是直接用于出口的。2000年，目标市场国家加入世界贸易组织，目标市场国家的市场将更加开放，目标市场国家经济与世界经济的联系将更为紧密。
International trade to the economies of the countries brought great benefits. Developed countries need to global trade liberalization for domestic enterprises to exploit more wide development space, developing countries are also seen as a native of export-oriented industrialization development strategy.
The United States is the world's largest import and export trading nation, import and export trade of $2 trillion a year, the export sector has become the economic growth of the engine, the American economic growth from exports 1/3 of the industry.
The European Union is now the world's largest trade group, import and export trade of the world each year are about 1/5 of the import and export trade. The European Union member states of the European Union between internal trade is an important economic integration based.
The international trade of the target market is particularly important to the country, with the goal market national economic development and opening to the outside world, the foreign trade of China's economy becomes increasingly, in 1999, the target market countries GDP for 8.2 trillion RMB, annual export total $360.7 billion, with total export value of 194.9 billion dollars. Total import and export volume throughout the year is equivalent to more than a third of GDP. Nearly 1/5 of the product is directly used for export. In 2000, the target market countries to join the world trade organization, target market markets will more open, target market economy country linked to the world economy will be more closely.
Unit4
1、非关税贸易壁垒对国家经营活动的影响
Non-tariff trade barriers on the influence of the national business activities 2、求助非关税贸易壁垒以保护其缺乏竞争力的产业
Resort to non-tariff trade barriers to protect their lack of competitiveness of the industry
3、把相当大的注意力放在消除国际贸易的障碍上
The considerable attention to eliminate barrier to international trade
4、阻碍国际商品和服务的自由流动
Block international products and services to the free flow of
5、旨在放宽对进口商品限制的法规条例
Aims to relax restrictions on imports of the legislation
6、对来自发展中国家的某些产品实施进口配额
From developing countries to some of the product implementation import quotas
7、对生产重要出口商品的厂商给予特惠
Production of an important export manufacturers give preferential
8、估计每年达200亿美元的该国农产品出口销售额
Estimated $20 billion a year in the country's agricultural product export sales
9、歧视来自发展中国家的中、低档纺织品
Discrimination from developing countries, and low in textiles
10、把某些国家排除在得到优惠的国家之外
Put some countries out of the country get preferential outside
11、干扰各国间正常的交易和经贸关系
Interference between countries of the normal trade and economic relations
12、反对美国对来自该亚洲国家的进口货征收抵消关税
For the opposition to the United States from Asian countries import tariffs on offset 13、由减少贸易潜在利益的进口限制所造成的扭曲
By reducing the potential benefits of trade import restriction by the distortion
14、约略计算外国商品需求曲线的弹性
Roughly calculated foreign goods the elasticity of the demand curve 1、非关税壁垒是指以进口数量限制为特点的贸易保护主义措施，它们被发达国
家和有些发展中国家用来干扰和阻碍商品和服务在国际间的自由流动
Non-tariff barrier refers to the limitation of import quantity characteristics of protectionist measures, they are developed countries and some developing countries have used to interference and prevent goods and services in the free flow of international
2、70年代中期以来，由于世界性经济危机爆发，加上国际市场争夺加剧，因而发达国家不得不求助于旨在限制进口的非关税壁垒，力图克服困难
Since the mid 70 s, due to the world economic crisis, with the international market for increased, so have to turn to developed countries to import restrictions of non-tariff barriers, trying to overcome the difficulties
3、非关税壁垒同关税壁垒一样，起到限制进口、引起进口国国内市场物价上涨的作用，加重了西方发达国家人民的负担
Non-tariff barriers with tariff barriers, a way to limit imports, domestic market prices caused by importing countries and the role of the western developed countries increase people's burden
4、近年来，美国实施的一些贸易政策和条例对中国加以歧视，并对中国向美国出口的一些产品实行严格限制
In recent years, the implementation of trade policy and regulations about some Chinese to discrimination, and Chinese exports to the us to some of the products shall be strictly limited
5、在未来的日子里,美国和其他西方国家仍然可能对中国纺织品等劳动密集型产
品出口的限制,中国将坚决反对
In the future, the United States and other western countries still likely to Chinese textiles and other labor-intensive products export restrictions imposed, China will firmly opposed to this
非关税壁垒是指一个国家运用配额制、许可证等一系列非关税手段而实行的限制进口措施。
非关税壁垒在资本主义发展初期已出现，但到了本世纪30年代资本主义世界性经济危机爆发时，非关税壁垒才作为贸易壁垒的重要组成部分广泛的盛行。
第二次世界大战后初期，许多资本主义国家仍然实行严格的限制进口措施，但从50年代到70年代初，发达资本主义国家除了大幅度降低关税外，还放宽和取消非关税壁垒，扩大进口自由化，放宽和取消外汇管制，促进了国际贸易的扩展。但是，从70年代中期以来，在两次世界性经济危机衰退的冲击下，发达资本主义国家贸易战越演越烈，它们竞相采取非关税限制商品进口，对世界贸易和经济发展产生巨大的不利影响。
Non-tariff barriers is refers to a country quotas, license and a series of use of the means of non-tariff measures to restrict imports.
Non-tariff barriers in the capitalist development initial period already appear, but in this century 30 s capitalism worldwide economic crisis hit, non-tariff barriers to trade barriers as an important part of the widely popular.
The second world war ii's early days, many of the capitalist countries still strict measures to restrict imports, but from the 70 s to the s, the developed capitalist countries in addition to greatly reduce tariff outside, still relax and cancellation of non-tariff barriers, expand import liberalization, relax and cancel the foreign exchange control, promote the expansion of international trade.
But, from the 70 s, which, after two world economic crisis under the impact of recession, the developed capitalist countries trade war turned ugly, they compete to take non-tariff limit merchandise imports, for the world trade and economic development has great effect.
Unit5
1、按既定的公司方针开始处理出口订单
According to the established company policy began to deal with the export order
2、仔细查对和记录出口商所收到的订单的来源
Carefully check and record received the order of exporters source
3、出口商必须充分了解外国顾客的要求
The exporter must fully understand the foreign customer requirements
4、对进口商的信用进行认真的审查
To the credit of carefully review
5、得到一份关于买方信用状况的信用报告
Get a about the buyer credit status credit reports
6、买方与卖方就销售条款个条件进行洽商
The buyer and the seller is sales terms and conditions for you
7、出口合同中说明的买卖双方的义务
Export contract that buyers and sellers of the obligations
8、出口合同中说明的产品、价格、交货方法等条款
Export contract of that product, price, delivery methods of such provisions
9、出口货物在商定的交货地点合理交付
Export of goods in the agreed delivery place reasonable delivery
10、出口货物在商定的发货地点准时发货
Export of goods in the agreed delivery location delivery on time
11、出口货物的所有权在交货地点转移
The ownership of the export goods in delivery place transfer
12、取得进口许可证以符合进口国的进口条例
Import license is obtained in accordance with regulations of the importer import 13、货物达到目的地后通过海关对货物的处理
To reach the destination by the customs after the goods to the processing of goods
14、完成出口交易所需要的各种单据的获得
Complete export exchange needs of the various documents obtained
1、为了高效率地将货物移动到进口国，出口企业必须履行包含出口交易中一系列活动的三项必不可少的职能
In order to move the goods to the high efficiency of importing countries, export enterprise must perform a series of activities include export transactions of the three indispensable function
2、在进行一项出口交易之前，出口商必须或者通过一份国际信用报告审查新顾客的财务和信用状况，或者复查老顾客的信用状况和支付记录。
In a before export transactions, the exporter must or through an international credit report on the financial and new customer review credit conditions, or the old customer credit conditions and payment records.
3、作为出口过程的重要组成部分，进口商和出口商必须就销售条款和条件、双方的义务以及销售合同的其他条款进行洽商
As an important part of the process of export, the exporters and importers will have to sales terms and conditions, the obligations of the parties and the other clauses of the sales contract negotiations
4、进口商和出口商之间就销售条款和条件所达成的协议成为一个有约束力的合同，它经过买卖双方以书面形式确认后就是双方都能接受的确定的承诺。
The exporters and importers is between sales terms and conditions that the agreement as a binding contract, it after both parties after confirmed in writing form is mutually acceptable determined commitment.
5、在整个出口过程中，常常要求进口商取得一份进口许可证，有时还有一份外汇许可证，以符合进口国的进口条例，并使货物能顺利地到达进口商。
In the whole process of export, often calls importers have a import license, and sometimes also a foreign exchange license to comply with the regulations of the
importer import, and make the goods can smoothly to the importer.
Unit6
1、充当许多美国制造商的出口销售部
Act as many American manufacturers export sales department
2、利用销售代理人网络促进国外销售
Use sales agent network to promote the foreign sales
3、制定市场策略和安排货运和海关单证
Make a market strategy and arrange transportation and customs in the documents
4、从对最终的国外顾客的销售上取得利润
The final customers from foreign sales make a profit
5、充当托销代理商的一些美国出口经营公司
ACTS as a consignment of some American export agent operating companies 6、在买卖双方之间履行寻求货源或批发的职能
Between the parties to perform the functions of the source or seek wholesale 7、向卖方或买方收取一定百分率的佣金
The seller or the buyer to charge a percentage of the commission
8、把按低于批发价购进的货物转卖出去
According to the lower than the wholesale price of purchased goods sold out 9、初次进入全球市场的一种快速和低成本的方法
First entering the global market a rapid and low cost method
10、在全球销售和经销产品的外国贸易公司
In the global sales and distribution of foreign trade company products
11、提供最佳市场策略和售后顾客服务
Providing the best market strategy and after-sales service to your customers 12、了解市场、风俗和顾客期望的当地经销商
Understand the market, customs and customer expectations of local dealers 13、绕过贸易公司和经销商而直接向顾客售货
Around the trade company and dealers directly to customers and sales
14、用作全球贸易销售渠道之一的合资企业
Used as a global trade sales channel, one of the joint venture
1、国际贸易中的销售渠道，是指商品从一个国家的生产企业流向国外的最终消费者或用户的流通过程，是商品所有权的转移必须经过的中间商机构。
In international trade sales channel, is refers to the goods from a state production enterprise going abroad final consumer or users of the distribution process, the transfer of ownership is goods must pass the middlemen institutions.
2、在国际商品流通过程中，销售渠道的通畅与否和效率高低直接影响到商品的销售速度、产品利润和市场份额。
In international commodity circulation process, sales channel unobstructed or not directly affects the efficiency and product sales speed, product profits and market share.
3、一家出口经营公司充当许多制造公司的出口销售部，它或者从制造公司直接
购货、并按独立经营的原则转销国外，或者进行代销。
An export business company act as many manufacturing company export sales, it from a manufacturing company directly or purchase, and according to the principle of independent business presenting abroad, or for sale on a commission basis.
4、按逐案的原则充当独立销售代理商的出口贸易公司，在买卖双方之间履行寻求货源或批发的职能，不对交易的任何一方承担责任。
According to the principle of independence ZhuAn as the sales agent of export trade company, between the parties to perform the functions of the source or seek wholesale, no transaction of any party liable.
5、由于东道国的当地经销商对当地市场状况及社会、经济、环境很熟悉，并能执行最佳市场策略，办理售后顾客服务，所以他们被许多制造公司用作促进外销的渠道。
Due to the host of the local dealers of the local market situation and the society, economy and environment is very familiar with, and can perform best marketing strategy, after-sales service for customers, so they are many manufacturing company used as promote the export channel.
在国际贸易领域中，出口国生产企业生产出来的产品，并非直接送达进口国的消费者，而必须先经过分销过程，也就是中间的销售渠道。进入分销过程的产品，不仅仅经过装卸和运输，更重要的是，产品均要通过中间的分销渠道，包括商人、中间商及代理中间商，既帮助产品实物的移动，又帮助产品所有权的转移，从而使产品进入国际市场，最后达到进口国的最终消费者或用户，实现出口国生产企业的最终目标。
国际市场是一个具有多层次的复杂的市场，也是一个竞争激烈的市场。因此，企业认真了解国际销售渠道的模式，根据国际销售渠道中常见中间商的业务性质和范围，从而制定科学的营销渠道管理方式，对有效地进入国际市场具有重要意义。In the field of international trade, the exporter production enterprise of produce products, not directly to importers in the consumer, and must first after distribution process, also is the middle of the sales channel. Enter the product distribution process, not only after handling and transportation, more important is, products through the middle of the distribution channels, including businessmen, middlemen and agency middlemen, both helped the movement of the product, and help the transfer of ownership of the products, thus we make our products to enter the international market, and finally reach the final consumer or importing user, realize the ultimate goal of the exporter production enterprise.
The international market has a multi-level complex market, is also a competitive market. Therefore, the enterprise down to the international sales channel model, according to the international sales channel of middlemen common nature of the business and range, which make scientific channel management way, to effectively to enter the international market is of great significance.
Unit7
1、卖方在他自己的工厂或仓库将货物交给买方
The seller in his own factory or warehouse the goods to the vendee
2、卖方必须将货物交给由买方指定的承运人
The seller shall deliver the goods to the carrier of the designated by the buyer 3、装船和启运后发生的事件所引起的货物灭失或毁损
Shipment after shipment and the events of the goods caused by the loss or damage
4、负担将货物运至目的地国家所需的一切费用和风险
Burden the goods to the destination country for all their expenses and risks 5、支付将货物运至指定目的地港所必须的费用和运费
Pay for the goods to the designated destination port of cost and freight must be 6、办理买方货物在运输途中灭失或损坏风险的海运保险
Handle the buyer of goods in transit loss of or damage to the Marine insurance risks
7、交出办理了出口清关手续的货物时即完成交货
Hand over to deal with export clearance of goods delivery is completed
8、卖方负担的一切风险和费用，包括关税、税捐及其他费用
The sellers shall bear all the risks and costs, including taxes, tariffs, and other fees
9、当货物在制定装运港越过船舷时即完成交货
When the goods in making across the ship's rail at the port of shipment delivery is completed
10、按CIP术语由卖方订立保险合同并支付保险费
According to the CIP term insurance contracts entered into by the seller and pay insurance premium
11、每件为10美元CIF马尼拉的10000件电子计算器
For $10 per piece CIF Manila 10000 pieces of the electronic calculator
12、请给予本公司CFR天津报盘，并连同一切详情
Please give the company CFR tianjin offer, and along with all the details
13、最低的CIF广州价格，说明装运期及付款条件
The lowest price CIF guangzhou that shipment and terms of payment
14、本公司报凤凰牌自行车是每辆55美元CFR纽约
The company reported the phoenix brand bicycle is $55 per car CFR New York 1、贸易术语被用来说明出口价格的构成和在货物由卖方交付买方的过程中，买
卖双方有关手续、费用和风险的责任划分。
Trade terms be used to explain the structure of the export prices in the goods delivered by the seller and the buyer of the process, both parties, relevant formalities, expenses and risk responsibility divided.
2、按CIF术语，卖方还必须自行负担费用，向买方提供包括运输单据和保险单
据在内的全套装运单据。
According to the CIF term, the seller is obliged to bear the cost, including transport documents provided to buyer and insurance documents, the full set of shipping documents.
3、假如我们在CFR基础上同你交易，那你能从CIF价格上减少多少，以便我们进行比较
If we are in CFR basis trade with you, that you can from the CIF price how much less, so that we are compared
4、贵公司能否给予永久牌26英寸自行车报盘？请按每次最低订货量10000辆为基础报CIF纽约最低价。
Your company can be given permanent card 26 inches bicycle offer? Please press the minimum quantity for each 10000 cars based quote your lowest price CIF New York.
5、本公司可按下列条款报价：
商品：HL302型弹子抽屉锁
价格：每件5美元上海工厂交货价
每年最低订货量：100000件
包装：纸板箱
支付：用不可撤销的即期信用证付款
交货：收到信用证后60天内
Our company can offer to the following conditions:
Commodities: HL302 type billiards drawer lock
Price: $5 each Shanghai factory delivery price
The minimum order quantity each year: 100000
Packing: cartons are
Payment: by irrevocable letter of credit at sight
Delivery: within 60 days after receipt of your l/c
练习
1、1980年，低收入发展中国家国内生产总值的年平均增长率为5.9%，与此相比，中等收入国家为3.5%，工业化国家为1.4%
In 1980, low-income developing countries the average annual GDP growth rate of 5.9%, compared with the middle-income countries is 3.5%, and the industrialized countries of 1.4%
2、这条铁路的建成和通车将有助于中国西南地区同沿海地区经济交流的扩大和整个西南地区经济的发展和繁荣
The railway construction and open to traffic will help with coastal areas in southwest China economic exchanges and the expansion of the southwest region economic development and prosperity
3、因国外市场需求锐减所造成的这个欠发达国家经济状况的特点是：出口大幅
度下降、工农业减产、失业人数激增和国际收支逆差扩大
For the foreign market demand caused by the sharp underdeveloped countries in the economic status of the features are: exports dropped substantially, the industrial and agricultural yields, unemployment surged and international balance of payments deficit to expand
4、这家大型的超市的管理部门了解到雇员们最熟悉经营管理存在的问题，所以决定在改善经营管理中更多地依靠广大雇员，而不是只依靠少数管理人员
The large supermarket management department to employees know the most familiar with business management problems, so I decided to improve management in more depend on the employees, and not just rely on a few management personnel
5、这位著名的经济学家在一次学术报告中指出，民营企业凭借其广泛分布在全国各地的为数众多的企业户数和人员以及巨大的资金和生产设施，能在国家的经济建设中起到重要作用
The famous economist in an academic report, the private enterprise with its widely distributed throughout the numerous enterprise of households and staff and huge capital and production facilities, can in the country's economic construction and plays a role
6、2004年，由于美国经常项目收支和财政收支存在巨额赤字，国际金融市场大量抛售美元，导致美元相对于别国货币的不断贬值。
In 2004, due to the us current project payments and the existing financial revenue and expenditure huge deficits, international financial market heavy selling dollars, lead to on other countries of the dollar against the depreciating currency.
7、那个亚洲国家的金融当局最近公布的外汇管理条例，其目的主要在于打击外汇投机活动、稳定外汇市场。
The Asian financial authorities recently published foreign exchange management regulations, it aim is to attack foreign exchange speculation, stable foreign exchange market.
8、当时许多美国大公司的最高管理人员指出，美国政府限制向中国出口高科技产品不仅对中国而且对美国经济也带来了巨大的伤害。
At the time, many American big company's top management researchers point out, the United States limits exports to China not only to China's and high-tech products to the U.S. economy with great damage.
9、2003年末，这位前外经贸部副部长应一所著名大学的邀请，专职担任该校管理学院院长
By the end of 2003, the former vice minister of foreign trade and economic cooperation shall be a famous university invitation, full-time as the dean of school of management
10、由于美国限制欧盟的一些农产品向美国出口，欧盟可能对从美国进口的一些农产品实行限制，进行报复。
Because the United States limit the some of the agricultural exports to the us, the eu may be imported from the United States to limit some of the agricultural products, for revenget
11、随着中国经济的快速发展，从铝到洗衣机，拥有13亿人口、约占世界人口1/5的中国在世界商品和产品消费中所占比率日益上升。
Along with the rapid development of China's economy, the aluminum to washing machine, has a population of 1.3 billion, accounts for about 1/5 of the world population in world merchandise and China proportion of consumer products is increasing day by day.
12、那年秋季，美国国务卿与中国外交部长在纽约会晤时讨论了一系列重要的双边和国际问题，着重于中国加入世贸组织问题
That year autumn, the United States secretary of state and the Chinese foreign minister when they met in New York to discuss a series of important bilateral and international issues, mainly in China to join the world trade organization
13、中国恢复在联合国的合法席位后，有权获得世界银行提供的贷款，用以为重要的经济和文化建设项目提供资金。
China resumed the lawful seat at the United Nations, have the right to obtain the world bank's loan is used for important economic and cultural construction project provide the funds.
14、作为一家制造尖端产品的高技术企业，这家合资企业有权获得本国货币和外币优惠贷款，以保证发展生产的资金需要。
As a manufacturing state-of-the-art product of high technology enterprise, the joint venture shall have the right to obtain their currencies and foreign currency preferential loans, to ensure that the development of production need for the funds.
15、那年，在联合国大会上，这个发展中国家的代表强烈反对少数发达国家提出的目的是在国际贸易领域歧视发展中国家的提案。
That year, at the UN general assembly, the representative of the developing countries strongly against a few developed countries is put forward in the purpose of international trade field discrimination of the developing countries in the proposal.
Unit8
出口公司完成产品向消费或使用地的输送和装卸
海洋、航空、铁路、卡车和内河这五种基本运输方式
运输方式的选择取决于费用、时间和安全的全面考虑
运费较低和货运量大是海洋运输的两个基本特点
国际货运中发展最快和日见重要的空运
在美国出口贸易中占较小份额的铁路和卡车运输
在一些欧洲国家间装运巨量货物的内河运输
由熟悉运输条件的出口商最终选择货运的确切路线
保护货物从销售者向购买者输送中免遭灭失或损坏
赔偿货物在运往国外过程中所遭受的灭失或损坏
因货物安全到达而受益或因货物灭失、损坏或滞留而受损
该出口企业保持一家可靠的海上保险公司的云顶保险单
改航空公司对有些装运的货物提供有限的保险范围
出口商按到岸价格向买主报价时必须提供海上保险
Complete product export company to consumption or use of land transportation and handling
Marine, aviation, railways, trucks and inland the five basic transportation
The choice of the ways of transportation cost, time and safety depends on the comprehensive consideration
The freight is low and the freight volume is big ocean transportation two basic characteristics
International freight the fastest-growing and became more and more important air freight
In the United States export trade accounts for smaller share of the railway and a truck
In some European countries a huge amount of goods shipment inland transport
By the familiar transportation conditions of the final choice of the exact exporters shipping route
Protect the goods from the seller to the buyer in conveying from loss or damage
Compensation in goods shipped abroad in the process of loss or damage sustained by the
For the goods arrived safely and benefit for the loss, damage or goods or stranded and be damaged
The export enterprise keep a reliable Marine insurance company's genting insurance policy
Change airlines to some of loading of the goods, provide insurance coverage
According to the price C.I.F. exporters to buyers when quote must provide Marine insurance
1、铁路运输在出口贸易中载运量最大，运输速度快，不易受季节、气候条件的影响，可常年
地、定期的、有规律的和准确的进行
Railway transportation in export trade volume in the largest, transportation speed, is not easy to get season, climate condition the influence, but all the land, and regular, regular and accurate
2、航空公司运输能保证体积小、重量轻、价值高和时间性强的货物迅速、准时到达目的地，它在国际贸易运输中所占的比重不断上升
Airline transportation can guarantee the small volume, light weight, high value and timeliness strong goods quickly, to their destination on time, it in the transport of international trade the proportion of the rising
3、在外贸运输过程中，因运输工具发生意外事故而使货物遭受全损或部分损失，保险人应负责赔偿
In the process of foreign trade transportation, for transport accidents and suffered total loss to the goods or a part of the loss, the insurer shall be responsible for the damage
4、国际航空运输中，被保险货物由市价跌落、运输迟延所造成的损失或费用，保险人不负责赔偿
The international air transport, insured goods fall by market value, transportation delay caused by the loss or expense, the underwriter does not be responsible for compensation
5、这家出口公司熟悉运输和保险事务的部门经理，在接受国外订货后，负责安排出口货物的运输和保险
The export company familiar with transportation and insurance affairs department manager, in order to accept foreign, be responsible to arrange export goods transportation and insurance
Unit9
符合国际贸易支付业务的要求和政府管制出口的法规
每次出口发货所需的各种单证和涉及的当事人
单证不齐或制作不当导致延迟的发货
由某些单证的差错所引起的罚款和没收货物
由国外发货所需要在出口港提交的出口申报单
出口货物的目的地、详细名称及其申报价值
商业发票上所标明的货物商标和包装数量
清楚说明的货物单价和装运的货物总价
商业发票所标明的报价的性质和付款条件
用以收集有关出口货物统计数据的出口申报单
进口商所在国的政府代表向出口商签发的领事发票
装箱单逐渐记载的装运货物中的货箱或集装箱内容
为证明货物原产地而由某一机构签发的单证
应进口商的要求而由不同机构签发的各种特别检验证书
1、Comply with the requirements of payment in international trade business and government control of the export regulations
2、Every time the export all kinds of shipping documents and of the parties involved
3、Documents not neat or improper production to delivery delay
4、Some of the documents by the error caused by the fines and confiscated goods
5、By foreign vendor need export port in the export declaration form submitted
6、The destination of export goods, and the detailed and names of the declared value
7、Commercial invoice indicated that the goods trademarks and packing quantity
8、Clearly stated goods unit price and shipment of goods total price
9、The commercial invoice, indicated that the nature of the price and terms of payment
10、To collect relevant statistical data of export goods export declaration form
11、The importer of the country in which the government representatives of consular invoice issued to exporters
12、Packing list in the shipment of gradually records bins or container content
13、To prove the goods country of origin and by one of the documents issued by institutions
14、Should be requested by the importer by different organizations and issued by the various special inspection certificate
1、在出口交易中，要求出口企业递交由它自己和其他单位或政府部门签发的各类单证，这是履行出口合
同的一部分
In the export trading, to export enterprise submit of its own and other unit or government issued by the department of all kinds of documents, this is part of the export contract performance
2、商业发票是出口商向进口商开立的、凭以向进口商收款的发货清单，它是买卖双方交接货物和结算货
款的主要单据
Commercial invoice is open to the importers and exporters to the importer by collection shipping list, it is the sale of goods and the handover of the main documents payment and settlement
3、海运提单是由船长或承运人的代理所签发，证明收到制定的货物，并保证将货物运至指定的目的地交
付收货人的单证
Marine bill of lading is the carrier's agent by the master or issued by, that received the goods formulated, and ensure the goods to the specified destination consignee documents
4、特别检验证书是商检机构对进出口货物包装容器或运输工具进行指定项目的检验、鉴定后出具的证明
书
Special inspection certificate is the commodity inspection authorities on import and export goods or packaging container transport specified project inspection, identification of the certificate issued by after
5、原产地证明书的目的在于证明货物原产地或制造地，它通常是进口国海关对进口货物采取不同的国别
政策和关税待遇的依据
The aim is to demonstrate the certificate of origin of the goods country of origin or ZhiZaoDe, it is usually the importer of imported goods to a different nationality policy and the basis of pay of tariffs
Unit10
对外商业交易中最常用的四种付款方式
签发信用证的银行承担了买方的信用风险
信用证的使用使卖方可通过提交转运单据收取货款
在履行合同后与当地银行商定签发信用证
通知出口商所在国的代理银行已签发信用证
不顾出口商或外国银行的财务状况而承担付款责任
仔细核对信用证的条款以确定已得到一切必要的单证
使用汇票使出口商在实际收到货款前承担全部风险
卖方将他向买方所开发的汇票提交银行收款
代理银行将卖方开发的汇票提交买方承兑和付款
买方在承兑汇票后可立即得到用以提货的提单
买方信用可疑时出口交易可按预付款方式进行
通常只对信用声誉几号的买方进行赊账销售
在多数情况下出口商不愿按赊账方式进行出口销售
Foreign commercial transactions of the most commonly used four kinds of payment
The bank issued by l/c for the buyer's credit risk
The use of credit to the seller can transport documents submitted by payment
In the performance of the contract with the local bank agreed after issued by l/c
Notice of the country in which the exporters has been issued acting bank credit
Despite the exporter or foreign bank's financial condition and liable for the payment of the responsibility
Carefully check the terms of l/c has been all necessary to determine the documents
Use a draft of the exporter in the actual payment is received before assume all the risk
The seller to the buyer will he development of the draft collection to the Banks
The development of the acting bank draft send to the buyer acceptance and payment
The buyer in the acceptance of draft immediately after get up the goods to the bill of lading
The buyer credit suspicious export transactions according to the advance payment when manner
Usually only for the credit reputation excellent on the buyer credit sales
In most cases the exporter would not press credit means export sales
1、国际商业付款方式的选择，除了取决于交易对方的信用状况外，还取决于资金负担、市场情况以及费
用和手续等状况
The international commercial payment options, in addition to depend on the dealing party credit standing outside, still depends on finance burden, market situation and expenses and procedures and so on the condition
2、对于出口商来说，信用证是除了预付款以外最有利的付款方式，他通常只要再出口地将合格单据提交
指定银行就可收款
For exporters, the l/c is the most favorable outside except advance payment, he usually just to exports will qualified documents designated bank can collect progress payment
3、开立信用证后，若卖方提交合适单据，买方就必须付款，但由于卖方有时不能遵守合同条款，因此买
方需承担卖方的信用风险
Open the l/c, if the seller submit documents to the right, the buyer must pay, but because the seller sometimes can't conform to the terms of the contract, the buyer should bear the seller so credit risk
4、汇票是出口商开出的、命令作为受票人的进口商立即或在一定期限内无条件地支付一定金额给指定受
款人的单证
the bill is a command as exporters and importers drawee immediately or in a certain period of pay a certain amount unconditionally to designated by the drawer of the documents
5、预付货款的方式对出口商最为有利，因为收到货款后再备货出运，几乎可以不承担买方的信用风险，
预收货款无须投入资金就可完成交易
Payment in advance on the way for the most favorable exporters, because after receive payment ready for shipment again, almost can not bear the buyer's credit risk, already collected payment for goods need not money
to complete the transaction
Unit11
这些公司不断增加的无形资产销售额
拥有专利、商标和工序所有权的本国制造商
拥有该公司授权的技术诀窍的独家使用权
许可人与被许可人之间签订的许可证协议
提供一种可借以出售专利技术的制造
采取资本参与形式偿付购买财产权的款项
购得该公司多数股权的技术诀窍的供应商
由许可证贸易提供的成本低、风险小的进入市场的方式
准许被许可人使用该公司的商标名称
重视许可人质量和可靠性方面的声誉
签署外国公司提供的特殊服务的技术援助协议
工业化国家跨国公司提供的质量检查人员和生产经理
使先进的技术和技术诀窍体现在本公司的产品中
日趋重要的通过企业管理合同进行的技术诀窍销售
The company has increased the intangible asset sales
Patent, trademark and processes have the ownership of the producers Have the company authorized technical know-how sole right of use Permits person and the contract between the licensee of the license agreement
Provide a so as to sell patent technology manufacturing
Take capital participation form pay the money to buy property
The company bought most of the shares of the technical expertise supplier The license of trade with low cost, risk small way into the market Allowed by the licensee to use the company's brand name
Pay attention to quality and reliability licensor's reputation Foreign company signed provide the special service technical assistance agreement
Industrialized countries provide quality inspection of the multinational company personnel and production manager
Make the advanced technology and technical know-how reflected in the products of this company
Increasingly important through the enterprise management contract of technical know-how sales
1、国际技术贸易对技术进口国有利，因为技术进口有利于加速本国国民经济部门的技术改造和经济发
展、缩短研制时间和节省研制费用，以及提高产品质量和加强竞争能力
International technical trade on importing technology advantage, because the technology import is beneficial to improving national economic department technical reform and economic development, shorten the
development time and save the development cost and improve product quality and strengthen the competitive ability
2、许可证贸易是当前国际技术贸易中最主要的方式，学科正贸易就是许可人同被许可人签订技术转让许
可证协议，通过该协议，准许被许可人获得使用权
License is the current international trade technology trade of the main way, the subject is trade is with the license licensee technology transfer the license agreement signed by the agreement, allowing the licensee to get right of use
3、在实际的技术贸易中，往往把悟性的技术知识同有关的机器、设备结合起来，如果交易只限于机器、设备而无技术知识的转让，就不能看做技术贸易
In the actual technical trade, often to understanding of technical knowledge with the relevant machine, equipment combined, if the deal is limited to the machine, equipment and no technology of knowledge transfer, cannot regard as technology trade
4、许可证主要有独占性许可证排他性许可证和普通许可证，在实际许可证贸易中采用哪一种许可证，主
要取决于潜在市场的容量、技术的性质以及贸易双方的意图
Permit a monopoly of the major exclusive license permit and ordinary license, in actual license in trade is what kind of license, depending on the potential market size, the nature of the technology and trade the intention of the parties
5、独占性许可证协议是指在规定地区内，被许可方在协议的有效期内对该该项技术享有独占的使用权，
许可方不得在该地区内使用该项技术制造和销售产品，也不得把同样技术授予该地区内的任何第三方Monopoly of the license agreement means stipulated in the region, the licensee the period of validity of the agreement to the enjoy the exclusive right to the technology, the licensor shall not be in the area using the technology in the manufacture and sales of the product, and shall not be granted the same technology in the area of any third party
Unit12
包括各种无形商品的服务在国际贸易中占更大份额
国际服务贸易在主要发达国家的经济中日趋重要
美国整个对外贸易服务出口对商品出口的比例
80年代中期美国服务出口总额估计超过2000亿美元
国际商务在全球的扩展导致国际服务市场的形成
向外国投资者和企业提供广泛的咨询服务
跨国公司在国际服务市场面临的保护主义、竞争等问题
对国际服务贸易所实施的直接和间接贸易壁垒
迫使外国公司接受东道国政府机构对其电脑档案的检查
美国政府的出口管制程序是服务出口最大的国内贸易壁垒
电信业等增长最快、竞争最剧烈的服务部门
商标等易于复制和难以保护的知识产权
作为服务行业最大问题的知识产权的保护
服务部门的产值在国民生产总值中所占份额的激增
Including all intangible goods in international trade in services accounted for a bigger share
International service trade in the major developed economy are becoming more and more important
The entire foreign trade service exports to the proportion of export commodities
In the mid 80 s total export of American service estimated at more than 200 billion dollars
International business in the expansion of international services to global market formation
To foreign investors and enterprise offer a wide range of consulting services
Multinational companies in international service market could face protectionism, competition, and other problems
The implementation of international trade in services of the direct and indirect trade barriers
To force foreign companies accept of the host country government institutions, a computer file examination
The U.S. government's export control program is the largest domestic services export trade barriers
Such as telecommunications industry growing fastest, the most severe competition of the service department
Trademark easily copy and difficult to protect intellectual property As a service to the industry of the biggest problem the protection of intellectual property rights
Service department in the earnings of the GDP (in the share of the surge
1、随着科技的迅速发展，国际服务贸易的范围已大大扩展，除运输、通讯、保险、旅游等传统项目以外，
还包括软件设计、科技咨询、信息服务、技术贸易等
Along with the quick development of science and technology, the international service trade has greatly expand the scope of, in addition to transportation, communication, insurance, tourism and other traditional project, but also including software design, technology consultation and information service, technology trade, etc
2、目前一些主要服务输出国都设立了一些专门机构，负责与外国政府和私人雇主签署服务合同，根据合
同需要在国内征集服务
Now some of the main service exporting countries have established a special agency, is responsible with foreign governments and private employers service contract signed, according to the contract needs to be
商务英语翻译测试题及 答案 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
I. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meanings of words italicized.(15%) 1. The above quoted are the articles in great demand, which have won a high reputation in various markets. 2. The articles in this agreement must not be modified and ended
without the agreement by the both parties. 3. However, the tariff should not be greater in amount than the margin of price caused by dumping. 4. As usual, the lion’s share of the budget is for defense. 5. He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom.
II. Translate the following sentences with extension.(15%) 1. There is a mixture of the tiger and ape in the character of Hitler. 2.China, which posted its highest growth rate in a decade, is Asia’s new star performer. 3. John took to his studies eagerly, and proved an adept pupil.
1 你什么时候要货呢？When do you want the goods? 2 货送到哪里去？Where shall we deliver the goods? 3 有没有送货地点的名片？Do you have card of delivery address. 4 你拿多点数量可以便宜点。We can lower the price, if you take more. 5 这个很便宜了，我都算批发价价格给你了。This is cheap, it is whole sale price. 6 先生（女士），等一下，我看最低能多少钱给你。 Wait a minute, Sir/ Madam, 7 这种款式没货了，这种质量和那种是一样的，价格也一样。 This style is out of stock. This one and that one are the same quality, same price. 8 还需要点别的什么东西吗？Do you want any others? 9 要好点的还是便宜的？Want goods products or cheap one? 10 你要多少米的？How long do you want? 11 算了，给你了。下次多点来关顾。OK, hope you can come again next time. 12 等一下，他去仓库拿货给你看。 Wait a minute. He is going to the warehouse to take the goods. 13 保修一年one year warranty 14 一年内是质量问题可以拿回来换。 If there is quality problem, take it back, we replace it. 15 我怎么联系你呢？How can I contact with you? 16 这个数量太少了。能不能订多点呢? Your order is too small, can you order more? 17 我有便宜点的。I have cheaper one. 18 这个一扎是50米。50 meters, a bundle 19 你要多大的？小一点的就便宜点。 What size do you want? The smaller, the cheaper. 20 拿这种就便宜点，一样大小的，牌子不同。 This one is cheaper, the same size, different brand. 21 这种款式要多少个？How many do you want of this style? 22 等一下，我上二楼拿给你。Wait a minute. I am going upstairs to take it. 23 不行，这个价格我们要亏本的。Sorry, for this price, we will lose money. 24 你还要多点吗？Do you want some more? 25 我们的仓库不远，很快就到了。Our warehouse is not far, we will arrive soon. 26 这么慢，来了没有？再不来我就走了。----很快就来了，再等三分钟。 We have been staying here for a long time. When will he come? If no, we will go. Wait more 3 minutes. 1 请问要多少卷？How many rolls do you want? 2 你的货是自己带走，还是要送? You want us to deliver goods or take by yourself? 3 是货到付款，还是现在支付？ Cash on delivery (COD), or on-site payment 4 如果要送货，运费由你出。 You should pay for the cost of delivery if you want. 5 你想要买什么电器？What electronic equipment do you want to buy? 6 这个款式很畅销。This style sells very well.
广东外语外贸大学公开学院辅导资料 商务英语翻译课程试卷 （课程代码：5355） 考生注意：1. 答案必须写在答卷上，写在问卷上无效。 2. 考试时间150分钟。 I. Multiple Choices (20 points, 2 points for each) 第一套试卷 1.It is not surprising, then, that the world saw a return to a floating exchange rate system. Central banks were no longer required to support their own currencies. A.在这种情况下，世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了。各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。 B.不足为奇，全世界看到了汇率的回归，因此各国中央银行无需维持本币的汇价了。 C.此时此刻，世界各国又恢复了移动的交换比率，因此各国中央银行无需维持本币汇价。 D.在这种情况下，全世界又恢复了浮动交换率，这已不足为奇了，因此各国中央银行也就无需维持本币价格了。 2．Assuming the laboratory tests go well, and you can quote us a competitive price, we would certainly be able to place more substantial orders on a regular basis. A.假定实验室检验顺利，并且你的报价有竞争力，我们会大量向贵公司订货的。 B.若实验室检验合格，且你们给我们的报价具有竞争力，我们一定会定期大量订货的。 C.若实验室检验良好，且你们给出的报价具有竞争性，我们一定会定期定量订货的。 D.假定实验室发展良好，且你们的报价具有竞争力，我们一定会大量定期订货的。 3．Chinese researchers have made a breakthrough in developing new materials for nickel-hydrogen batteries used in low temperatures, Inhaul reported. A.中国研究者已经在开发新材料用于低温下使用的镍氢电池方面有了突破，据新华社报道。 B.新华社报道，中国科学家在从事新材料制造低温镍氢电池方面有了突破。 C.新华社报道，中国研究人员在开发利用新材料制造在低温下使用的镍氢电池方面已有了突破。 D.中国研究者在开发新材料制造低温镍氢电池有了重大突破，这是新华社报道的。 4. Since the initiation of economic reforms in the late 1970s, China has achieved impressive
商务英语翻译：商务英语五大实用翻译技巧商务英语是为国际商务活动这一特定的专业学科服务的专门用途英语，所涉及的专业范围很广，并具有独特的语言现象和表现内容、文体复杂。商务英语翻译要求翻译者具备丰富的商务理论和商务实践知识，为了提高翻译质量，翻译者必须具备一定的自身条件： 第一，翻译者的汉语功底要好 很多人容易忽视这一点，认为汉语是自己的母语，应付翻译中的问题应该是绰绰有余的。然而，在真正的翻译过程中，常常为了一个词语或者一个句型，冥思苦想了半天也得不到一个满意的结果。由此可见，汉语表达能力和对汉语理解能力的大小直接影响翻译的好坏。下功夫学好汉语，打好汉语基础对于翻译是十分重要的。 第二，英语语言能力要强 全面的语法知识和大量的词汇量缺一不可。如果只有大量的词汇量，而没有较好的英语语法知识，翻译过程中译者的理解肯定是错误百出，牛头不对马嘴。因此，我们要提高在英汉翻译中对于英文句子理解的准确性及汉英翻译中英文表达的准确性。 第三，知识面要广 商务英语翻译中要很好的做到这一点，就要掌握商务理论和贸易实务等理论知识及贸易实践经验。同时译者还要具有丰富的百科知识，对天文地理、古今中外不说通晓，至少也要了解其中的一些基本知识。没有一定的常识，即使语言水平再高，也是难以胜任翻译工作的。
以下介绍的是商务英语中主要的五大实用翻译技巧： 一、一词多义 同一个词，由于语境不同，其词义可千差万别。 例： 1、They cannot obtain credit at all in the trade. 他们生意信誉已荡然无存。 2、They have opened the covering credit with the Bank of China,London. 他们已从伦敦中国银行开立了有关信用证。 同一个词credit，而在不同的语境中，意思大有不同。 二、词类转译 词类转译是国际商务翻译中常见的译词技巧。常见的有名词与动词、介词与动词的互相转译。 例： 1、Before the payment of these tariffs, the imported goods will bein the custody of the customs. 交关税前，进口货物由海关保管。( 由于语法限制，只有用名词形式，但译成汉语时，”payment”译作“交”) 2 、We should advise you to get in touch with them for your requirements. 建议你方与他们取得联系，洽购所需商品。 三、词义引伸
Unit 1 1.从你的简历和应聘申请书来看，你对营销工作已有相当多的经验。 I see from your résumé and application that you’ve had quite a lot of experience in marketing already. 2.如果你处在我的位置，你希望你的雇员应具备哪些素质？ If you were in my shoes, what sort of qualities you’d look for in your employees? 3.部门经理应该能够主动处理很多事情。 A department manager has to be able to do a lot of things on your own initiative. 4.作为秘书，我做过大量的文字工作，如拟写报告、作会议记录等，而且似乎我的记忆力比一般人强。As a secretary, I’ve had to do quite a lot of paper work, such as handling report writing, keeping minutes at meetings, and I seem to have a better memory than average. 5.从秘书的角度看，我认为和上司共享一个办公室更好，这样对她的上司不太有可能忘记告诉她一些重要的事情。 From the secretary’s point of view I think it’s better to share an office room with her boss so that there’s not much chance of her superior forgetting to let her know about important matters. 6.我工作过的那家公司是一家做营销和公共关系的公司，主要是为在中国投资的外国公司提供咨询。The company where I worked is a marketing and public relations company and they do consultant work for foreign companies investing in China. 7.我想在贵公司会有更多个人发展的机会，而且这里的工作对于我来说更具挑战性。 I feel that I would have more scope and opportunity for personal development in your company and that the work will be more challenging for me. 8.我主要的工作是协助经理安排访问、会议及介绍，并且替他处理信件。 What I basically do is to assist the manager by arranging visits, setting up meetings and presentations and to deal with his correspondence. 9.申请书和简历一样重要，因为申请书通常是申请者和雇主之间第一次直接的接触。 The application letter can be as important as the CV in that it often provides the first direct contact between an applicant and an employer. 10.有效的申请书能说明你对具体单位兴趣的原因，并且辨认出你最相关的技能或经历。 Effective application letters explain the reasons for your interest in the specific organization and identify your most relevant skills or experiences. Unit2 1.本公司创建于1978年，现在已经成为我国主要的厨房用具出口商之一。 Our company, established in 1978, has now become one of the leading exporters of kitchen appliances in our country. 2.我们在国内有十家专业子公司，在国外有六家常驻办事处。我们在国内还建立了二十多家合资公司。 We have 10 specialist subsidiaries at home and 6 permanent offices abroad. We’ve also set up more than 20 joint ventures in the home market. 3.我们是多元化企业，主要是经营国际贸易、国际运输、劳务输出、房地产等。 We are a diversified company dealing mainly in international trade, international transportation, labor export, real estate and so on. 4.我们从事纺织品经营已经有30多年，并与当地纺织品大厂家及分销商保持密切的联系。 We have been handling textiles for more than 30 years and maintain close contact with large manufacturers and distributors in our area. 5.为了迅速发展，我们组成了多元化战略联盟，使我们能扩大到新的市场领域。 In order to grow rapidly, we’ve formed a diversifying strategic alliance which allows us to expand onto new market areas. 6.我们的目标主要是本地市场，但是我们也在研究进入欧洲市场的可能性。 We mainly target local markets, but we are looking at the possibility of entering the European market. 7.我们公司的领导体系是这样的：首先是合伙人；其次，直接在合伙人之下的是三位合作伙伴，也就是，最上层是两位合伙人和直接在合伙人之下的三个合作伙伴。在合作伙伴之下，我们有高级工程师、初级工程师、绘图员等，一直往下至办公室的勤杂工。 The system of command of our company is that we have the partners, and then we have three associates immediately below the partners, that is, two partners at the top and three associates directly below them. And then below the associate we have senior engineers, junior engineers, drafts-person and so on and so forth, down to the office boy. 8.我们是新成立的公司，只有大约五年的历史。公司共有四十名员工，分布在四个办事处中。 We’re a young company, only about five years old. There are only about 40 people in the company, split amongst four offices. 9. 谈到进口在中国畅销的美国产品，我们作为一家在中国的美国公司，感到比其他公司更有优势。 As an American company in China we find we have an advantage over other companies when it comes to importing American products that are marketable here in China.
一、单项选择题 1、在21世纪的今天，国际商务活动日益频繁。这些商务活动的许多领域，如技术引进、对外贸易、招商引资、对外劳务承包与合同、国际金融、涉外保险，国际旅游、海外投资、国际运输等，所使用的英语统称为（）。 A．商务英语B．常用英语C．日常英语D．交际英语2、1898年，清代翻译家严复在《天演论·译例言》中提出 （）的翻译标准。 A．直译B．音译C．信、达、雅D．功能对等3、综观国内外翻译家们的观点，中外翻译标准其实质上有一致性，即（） A．不同小异B．信息对等C．兼顾风格D．尊重文化4、翻译是把一种语言的信息用另一种语言表达出来的过程。美国著名翻译理论家奈达将翻译过程分为（）四个阶段。 ①理解②分析③转换④归类⑤重组⑥检验A．②③⑤⑥B．①②④⑤C．①④⑤⑥D．①③④⑤5、商务英语语篇指在商务活动中使用的各种正式与非正式文件，具有（）的特点。 ①专业性②实用性③丰富性④多样性⑤行业性A．②④⑤B．①②④C．②③④D．①②⑤ 6、在进行商务英语翻译时要考虑语体对等、术语对等和（）的翻译原则。 A．语义对等B．忠于原文C．风格相同D．灵活转换7、商务英语语句的最大特点是（）和逻辑严密。A．简洁明快B．内容多样C．专业性强D．长句较多8、根据商务英语的特点，常用的翻译有如下几种：拆句法、词性转换法、肯定否定转换译法、语序重组法、以及( )。 ①添词法②增译法③省译法④语境模拟法⑤重复法
A．①②③B．①③⑤C．②③⑤D．②④⑤ 9、商务英语公文中，由于往往有明确的文件写作者和阅读者，很多句子无需说明主动者，因此（）出现的频率很高。 A. 被动句 B. 无主句 C.祈使句 D. 简单句 10、祈使句是发出命令、指示、号召，表示要求、建议、忠告的句子，有独特的句式和语法功能，常省略主语，谓语动词为原形。商务英语中很少出现祈使句的（）形式。 A. 分词 B.强调 C. 肯定 D. 否定 二、词汇测试题。该组有10个商务英语英文词或词组，下面均有汉语词或词组来进行解释，请将正确项选出，要求英汉转换意义准确，符合商务英语规范。 (1) to prevent A. 遵守 B. 暂缓 C. 删除 D. 阻止 (2) to benefit A . 批准于 B. 签定于 C. 投诉于 D. 得益于 (3) with reference to A. 指定 B. 参考 C. 关于 D. 遵守 (4) interest-free A. 无利率的 B. 漠不关心的 C. 不感兴趣的 D.免息的 (5) to confirm an order A. 批准一个订单 B. 草签一个订单 C. 延续一个订单 D. 终止一个订单 (6) revocation of offer A. 中止发盘 B. 撤回发盘 C. 撤销发盘 D. 发出要约 (7) to deal with complaints
商务英语翻译技巧 摘要 商务英语(Business English)是一种含有商务理论和实用商务的理论。在经济信息日益发达的现代社会，随着国际贸易的发展，商务英语翻译的作用越来越明显。本文，大致分为五个部分对商务英语翻译技巧进行分析。文章第一部分概括了商务英语以及商务英语翻译；第二部分分别从商务英语的文体特征、语言特点对其进行分析；之后三个部分分别介绍了翻译的方法和翻译的原则。最后进行总结。得出商务英语的翻译机巧和方法。 关键字：商务英语；翻译技巧；特点；文体特征 前言 商务英语是以国际间的商务往来为基础的语言交流，商务英语包括的范围比较广，例如：金融方面的英语、贸易英语、还有一些专业的英语等。这也说明了商务英语所涉及的范围比较广泛，涉及各行各业，这也就决定了从事商务英语翻译的人不仅仅需要有扎实的英语基本功，还有对其他方面的英语进行了解，这样一来才能使交易双方能够更好地沟通，完成交易。 现如今，整个世界融为了一个整体，各个国家之间的贸易往来逐渐丰富，目前在国际间最通用的就是英语。商务英语要求翻译者更加的精确、对等，因为商务英语中会涉及到很多文件、条款等信息，所以必须要精确。只有这样才能达到双方活动的顺利进行。尤其在我国，中西方文化差异较大，更应该注意这方面的问题。一字之差就容易铸成大错。所以，做好商务英语的翻译工作尤为重要。本文针对这一问题展开讨论，分析了商务英语的翻译技巧。 商务英语及商务英语翻译的概括 商务英语涉及范围很广,包括的种类也十分多。大部分跟国际商务活动有关的例如：国际贸易、会计、金融等方面所用到的英语都属于商务英语的范围。它涉及的领域主要包括对外贸易、招商引资、国际旅游、海外投资以及国际运输等方面。除了领域广泛之外,它还包括许多专业的英语例如：广告英语、法律英语、应用文英语、包装英语等。因此，伴随着国际贸易的范围不断的扩大，越来越多的人，开始加入到翻译的这一事业之中。 对商务英语的翻译,在很长时间以来备受关注,商务英语翻译工作也是一项十分复杂的工作,由于其用途的广泛性和特殊要性,就决定了商务英语的翻译工作不能仅仅局限于传统的翻译中务词汇和具有较好的商务语法基础,这些是一个翻译者应该具备的原则和技巧,不能仅仅依靠“信、达、雅”的翻译要求来完成商务英语的翻译工作,必须依照商务文件的愿意,把它翻译的既能清楚的表达意义,又能够符合商务双方的语言习惯。在翻译的过程中一定要从实际情况出发,做到具体问题具体分析。 商务英语的特点 2.1 商务英语的文体特征 2.1.1 思维具有逻辑性，朴实无华 正式体英语的从句层次复杂，句子长度通常高于非正式英语。长句分词、独立主格结构的频繁使用是书面语体的典型特征，它们适合于表达多层次的复杂的逻辑关系，可以充分完整地表达相互关联的意义，这种效果是短句无法达到的。由于商务函电常要表示某些条款相互成立、互为条件，或对某些一连串的具有因果关系的事件进行叙述，因此，这种语体就非常适合这种要求。例如： The work hereof shall be commenced in compliance with the construction work of Party A’s plant, and shall be completed within thirty days after the complet ion of Party A’s plant
The road to Hell is paved with good intention好心办坏事 The spirit is willing, but the fresh is weak. 心有余而力不足 A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力老大徒伤悲. 爱莫能助be disobliging 活该to have it/that coming to sb. 遇到克星meet one’s waster Cats hide their claws. 知人而不知心 Grasp all. Lose all. 贪多必失 Two’s company，but three’s a crowed. 两人成伴，三人不欢背黑锅The whipping boy./ to carry the can 逼得走投无路to bring/ drive sb. to bay. 进退维谷to be caught between the Devil and deep blue sea. 出格step out of line No way is impossible to courage. 勇者无惧 The more wit, the less courage. 初生牛犊不怕虎 Nothing ventured nothing gained. 不入虎穴焉得虎子 认为…不在话下think nothing of doing sth. 采取主动take the initiative in doing sth. 激流勇进advance through the rapids.
Don’t hate the hand that fee ds you. 不要忘恩负义 Better be envied than pitied. 宁被人妒，不被人怜 To turn over a new leaf. 改过自新 吃不着葡萄说葡萄酸sour grapes 恨铁不成钢regret that one’s offspring does not live up to one’s expectations wish iron could turn into steel at once. 红颜易逝beauty fades likes a flower Care killed the cat. 忧愁伤身 To leave(sb) for behind/ in the dust 望尘莫及 Feast or famine 大起大落 To scratch one’s head/ rack one’s brain 冥思苦想 The fool wonders, the wise man asks. 愚人困惑，智者勤问 The squeaking wheel gets the oil. 无声无息，亦无所得 He who hesitates is lost. 犹豫不决错失良机 一头雾水To be in a complete fog/ to be puzzled and confused. 仁者见仁，智者见智To be all things to all men/people. 茅塞顿开click（to suddenly became clear or understand） Faith moves mountain. 精诚所至，金石为开 A friend is best found in adversity. 患难见真情
《商务英语翻译》试卷（第3套） Ⅰ、Multiple Choice (20 points, 2 points for each) 1.The documentary credit offers a unique and universally used method of achieving a commercially acceptable compromise by providing for payment to be made against documents that represent the goods and make possible the transfer of rights to those goods. A.跟单信用证提供了一种独特的、全世界通用的方式，即凭代表货物的单据付款，从而使货权的转移成为可 能。这是一种商业上可以折衷的方法。 B.跟单信用证提供了一种独特的、全世界通用的方法，即凭代表货物的单据付款，从而使货权的转移成为可 能。这是一种商业上可以接受的折衷方式。 C.跟单信用证提供了一种独特的、全世界通用的，一种商业上可以接受的折衷方式，凭代表货物的单据付款， 而使货权的转移成为可能。 D.跟单信用证提供了一种独特的、全世界通用的，商业上可以接受的折衷方法，凭代表货物的单据付款，从 而使货权的转移成为可能。 2. A developing economy with an impressive development plan requires large imports of capital goods, technology, raw materials and other inputs and consumer goods to carry out the plan effectively. A.为了有效地实施其发展计划，一个具有宏伟发展计划的发展中国家可能需要对资本货物、技术、原材料和 消费品及其它产品加以大量进口。 B.为了有效地实施该计划，一个具有宏伟发展计划的发展中国家可能需要大量进口资本货物、技术、原材料 和消费品及其它产品。 C.一个具有宏伟发展计划的发展中国家，为了有效地实施其发展计划，大量资本货物、技术、原材料和消费 品及其它产品可能需要被进口。 D.一个具有宏伟发展计划的发展中国家，为了有效地实施该计划，可能需要大量进口资本货物、技术、原材 料和消费品及其它产品。 3.Licensee shall have the right to deduct from any payment the withholding taxes, liquidated damages, and/or compensations, if any, which Licensor shall pay under Contract. A.合同许可方应支付预提税、违约金和/或赔偿金，被许可方有权从应支付给许可方的款项中扣除。 B.合同被许可方应支付预提税、违约金和/或赔偿金，被许可方有权从应支付给许可方的款项中扣除。 C.依据合同，许可方应支付预提税、违约金和/或赔偿金，被许可方有权从应支付给许可方的款项中扣除。 D.依据合同，被许可方应支付预提税、违约金和/或赔偿金，被许可方有权从应支付给许可方的款项中扣除。 4.Advertisers must realize that people usually are motivated by the goal of satisfying some combination of two or more needs, and the needs may be both conscious and unconscious. A.广告人必须明白，通常能够满足两个以上需要的目标才能促使人们购买，而且这些需要既是有意识的，又 是无意识的。 B.广告人必须明白，通常能够满足两个以上需要的目标才能促使人们购买，而且需要既可能是有意识的，也 可能是无意识的。 C.广告人必须明白，通常能够满足两个或者更多需要的综合目标才能促使人们购买，而且这些需要既可能是 有意识的，又可能是无意识的。 D.广告人必须明白，通常能够满足两个或者更多需要的综合目标才能促使人们购买，而且需要既可能是有意 识的，也可能是无意识的。 5.Rising damp, if not treated effectively, could in time cause extensive damage to the structure of your home, ruin decoration and furniture. A.如果处理不当，墙内潮气准时会对房屋的结构、装修以及家具造成大面积破坏和损害。 B.如果处理不当，墙内潮气最终可能会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏，毁掉装修和家具。 C.如果处理不当，墙内的潮湿气体最终会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏，毁掉装修和家具。 D.如果处理不当，墙内的潮湿气体准时会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏，毁掉装修和家具。 6.如果处理不当，墙内的潮湿气体最终可能会对房屋的结构、装修以及家具造成大面积破坏。The seller must deliver goods which are of the quantity, quality and descriptions required by the contract and which are contained or packed in the manner required by the contract. A.卖方交付的货物必须与合同所规定的数量、质量和规格一致，并按照合同所规定的方式装箱或包装。 B.卖方交付的货物必须与合同的数量、质量和规格一致，并按照合同所规定的方式装箱或包装。 C.卖方支付货物必须与合同所规定的数量、质量和规格一致和按照合同的方式包装。 D.卖方支付货物必须与合同所规定的数量、质量和规格一致和按照合同的方式装箱或包装。 7.Over the period from 1978 to 1996, many of the distortions and rigidities of the former central
BEC商务英语翻译技巧 为了让大家更好的准备商务英语BEC考试，给大家整理商务英语翻译技巧,下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 商务英语翻译技巧 商务英语的文体特征 1. 思维具有逻辑性，朴实无华 正式体英语的从句层次复杂，句子长度通常高于非正式英语。长句分词、独立主格结构的频繁使用是书面语体的典型特征，它们适合于表达多层次的复杂的逻辑关系，可以充分完整地表达相互关联的意义，这种效果是短句无法达到的。由于商务函电常要表示某些条款相互成立、互为条件，或对某些一连串的具有因果关系的事件进行叙述，因此，这种语体就非常适合这种要求。 例如：The work hereof shall be commenced in compliance with the construction work of Party A’s plant, and shall be completed within thirty days after the complete ion o f Party A’s plant including the completion of inner part of the plant when the plant be in the condition that trial run for air conditioning mechanism is possible.
这是某英文合同文体中的一个句子。这个诗歌并列句，句中主语是work，and连接两个谓语(shall be commenced和shall be completed)。 2.表述简单清楚 商务英语是商务活动的工具，通过阅读文献可以发现：商务英语常用简洁、易懂、规范、正式的词。 这一特点是由国际商务交际的性质决定的，因为国际商务交际非常讲究效益、效率，使用常用的词语便于交易双方的理解和接受;修饰语少，内容上直截了当。偏僻的词汇可能会增加双方沟通障碍，因而不受欢迎。 商务英语的词汇选择讲究精炼、严谨，很少使用口语化的、非正式的、生僻、不规范的词或行话。 了解口语词语和书卷词语在文体风格上的差异有助于实现语言交际的适合性和得体性 3. 模糊性的句法，善用祈使句 商务英语要求准确完整、清楚简洁，但模糊语言的适当使用，能起到积极的效果。语言的模糊性不仅仅体现在词义层面，还应是具体商务活动中句法所表达意义的模糊性。
一.翻译原则 1.忠实原则,即信息对等而不是语意对等 Eg.每年的两届交易会,把全国几乎所有的外贸公司和出口商品集中起来,统一到广州展出,成交,减少了我们到国外推销的支出,外商也可以只派少数人到会选购,不必花大人力到我各口岸寻找生意,节省了买卖双方的费用,深受国外经营各种商品的中小客商的欢迎. The biannual Guangzhou Fair is attended by almost all foreign trade companies in China and presents a great number of export commodities to buyers from abroad. Many transactions are concluded at the fair. As sellers and buyers can all gather in one place to conduct trade talks, the fair apparently saves them a great deal of time and money. This explains why the Guangzhou Fair has long been popular among overseas traders. 2. 准确原则---选词准确,概念表达准确,数码单位准确. 如: 保税区≠Free trade zone 保税仓库≠Tarriff-free warehouse Eg.客商从开发区企业分得的利润汇出境外时,免征所得税. Profits gained by the investors and businessmen from the Development Zone terprises will be exempted from tax when remitted out of China. Eg.如贵方能将尿素报价降至每吨1200美元,我们可以订购150至180吨. If you can reduce your price of Urea to 1,200 dollars per ton, we may consider placing an order of 150-180 tons. 3.统一原则 译名,概念,术语应始终保持统一,不能随意改变译名. 如:基本建设≠basic construction 基本价格≠basic price 4.文化融入 A.注意文化因素---了解中西方文化差异 1)思维方式的不同 中国文化重权威与历史,西方重现实与事实---偏实用. 中国文化重整体,西方偏分析性思维 2) 语言的不同 中国语言重修饰,偏笼统与含糊,西方语言重具体和准确. 谦辞在许多场合被采用,体现了中国文化背景下语用特征之一.
商务英语笔译个人实习总结 1.通过本次实习使我能够从理论回到实践，更好的实现理论和实践的结合，为以后的工作和学习奠定初步的知识，使我能够亲身感受到由一个学生转变到一个职业商务英语笔译工作者的过程。 XX年6月中下旬开始在本校内为期2个星期左右的商务英语笔译的实习，起初我对笔译还不是太了解，选择笔译是基于我对笔译工作的特别爱好。商务英语笔译是一项需要耐心和精力的工作，它是以商务方面的资料为依据，要求翻译者对其进行全面，准确，快速的翻译，语言要表达准确，意思清晰。由于商务英语笔译的翻译材料大部分都是非文学的，例如合同，客户资料，商业等专业性文件，所以它的要求就更为严格，苛刻，同时又必须符合“信，达，雅”的原则，难度相当的大，其中要用到大量的专业术语，范围不仅仅包括我们平时上课时所认识的，更多的需要我们通过各种可行的渠道去查阅，具有很强的专业性。这就要求我们在翻译时要严谨，不能给读者以错觉。 这次实习主要针对商务合同的翻译进行重点突破，花了整整几天的时间才磕磕绊绊的翻译一个合同，感觉到了前所未有的压力，也突出了自己眼高手低的缺点，平时课堂上老师讲的用的寥寥无几，更多的是靠自己查资料来获取准确的信息。其中有些既晦涩又在网上很难查的一般都给不了，这
些都给刚开始翻译的我造成了各种各样的阻碍，往往会遇到原文看不懂或者觉得语法别扭不对的情况，这时候需要更大的耐心和毅力，需要坚持，对商务合同中的一些专业术语进行重点突破，查阅各种资料，在网上搜索各种专业术语，一点一滴的翻译，练得多了，慢慢就变的更加熟悉了，速度和质量慢慢的有所改善，当然和真正意义的笔译质量还是有相当的差距的。 工欲善其事，必先利其器。商务英语笔译也同样如此，它需要通过大量的网上资料和翻译软件来进行协助翻译，因此在掌握商务英语基础的同时，电脑成为了我们读取翻译资料的利器。在实习的过程中我们不难发现，其实很多相当一部分的专业术语需要我们通过电脑来进行翻译，来完成，基于此我们也有必要掌握一些简单的电脑知识和电脑软件，例如Word文档等等。看来要作为一名合格的笔译工作者，电脑知识也是其必要的一个方面。 在实习的过程中常常出现翻译质量不合格的问题，这些对我们初步介入笔译领域的初学者是司空见惯的，没必要害怕，但同时是必须要引起我们的重视的，所谓熟能生巧，这个工作就更要求我们不断的进行练习，不断的进行知识积累。这次实习对我们来说就是一个十分难得的机会，辅导老师给我们的作用也是希望我们能有更多的机会去接触并练习商务英语笔译，这些都有助于我们提高翻译水平和翻译质量。