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实用高中英语用法词典连载

实用高中英语用法词典连载(01)

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a[eI,E] / an[An,En] art.(用在以元音开始的词前为an)1.一(个、件、本、块、首等):He r wish was to be a writer. 她的志愿是当作家。/ It’s not an easy task. 这不是一件容易的任务。/ The question before us is a difficult one. 我们面前的问题是一个困难的问题。

2.(一类事物中的)任何一个;任何:A tiger is a dangerous animal. 老虎是危险的动物。

3.每一:We went there once a year. 我们一年到那里去一次。/ The doctor told him to b athe his eyes twice a day. 医生让他每天洗两次眼睛。/ They cost 50p a pound. 这些每磅50 便士。

4.某一:A Mrs Smith wishes to speak to you. 有一位史密斯夫人想同你说话。◆from A to Z 从头到尾,彻底地:know the subject from A to Z 对这一科目了如指掌

【用法】1.常用于单数可数名词前,只要该名词的读音是以辅音开头,则用不定冠词a,若该名词读音是以元音开头,则用an:a book(一本书),a boy(一个男孩),an apple(一个苹果),an old man(一位老人)等。另外读音以元音开头的字母及字母缩略词(如a, e, f, h, I, m, n, o, SOS, MBA 等)前若用不定冠词,要用an,不用a。2.用于表示泛指,既可指同一类属中的具有代表性的任何一个,也可指同一类属中的某一个:A lion can be ve ry dangerous. 狮子是很危险的。3.在序数词之前使用a(an),可以表示数量或序数的增加。如:Do you want to read it a third time? 你还想看第三次吗?4.不定冠词可用来表示“类属”,即表示某一类属中的每一个都能反映该类属的整体情况,此时也可用定冠词或名词复数形式来表示。如:A tiger [The tiger, Tigers] can be dangerous. 老虎是危险的。注意:不定冠词的这一用法是指某一类中任何一个具有代表性的个体,它不能用来表示整体类别的特性,如下例中的the不能换成a:The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 老虎有绝种的危险。

abandon[E5bAndEn] vt.1.丢弃,抛弃:He abandoned his wife and went away with all th eir money. 他抛弃了妻子还带走了两人所有的钱。2.放弃:They abandoned the game be cause of storm. 因为暴风雨比赛停止了。

ability[E5bIlItI] n.1.[U]能力;本领;才能:a man of great musical ability 有卓越音乐才华的人/ I doubt his ability to do the job. 我认为他没有做这工作的能力。2.[C,U]天才:ability in music音乐天才◆to the best of your ability竭尽所能:Just try to do th e job to the best of your ability. 试着尽你所能将工作做好。

【用法】表示有能力做某事或具有做某事的能力等,其后通常要接不定式:She has the abi lity to speak French fluently. 她能流利地说法语。但在现代英语中,也可后接of doing sth(不如接不定式普遍,建议初学者谨用):I admire his ability of doing the work quickl y. 我羡慕他工作做得快。

able[5eIbl] adj.1.能…的:Will you be able to come to our party? 你能来参加我们的聚会吗? 2.有能力的;能干的:an able politician 有才干的政治家◆be able to do sth能够做某事:She won’t be able to come tomorrow. 她明天不能来。/ I’d like to be able t o read English books. 我希望能看英文书。/ I’d like to be able to help in some way.

我愿意能以某种方式帮忙。

【用法】1.表示“有能力的”、“能干的”,可用作表语或定语:He is an able manager. 他是位有能力的经理。2.用于be able to do sth(能或会做做某事):I will not be able to co me tomorrow. 我明天来不了。注意:be able to 不仅有多种时态形式(通常不用于进行时或与be going to 连用),而且还可以与某些情态动词连用(通常不与can 连用),甚至还可以有非谓语形式:Since his accident he hasn’t been able to leave the house. 自出事之后,他一直未能离开家。/ I regret not being able to help her. 我很遗憾未能帮助她。abnormal[Ab5nC:ml] adj.不正常的,反常的:Such an abnormal phenomenon will not last long. 这样的反常现象不会持续很久。

about[E5baJt] adv.1.大约,左右:It’s about three miles from here to the city center. 有这里到市中心大约三英里。2.到处;附近,在周围:They walked about the streets. 他们在街上各处走走。prep.1.关于;对于:a book about snakes一本关于蛇的书/ be carefu l (careless) about 对某事细心(粗心) 2.在…附近;在…周围:I saw it about here. 我在这附近看到过它。3.忙于:关心(某事):going about one’s day-to-day business 忙于日常事务◆How [What] about…?…怎么样?/be about to do正要,将要…:He’s about to go. 他就要走了。/ Mrs. Brown was about to begin, but Jennie spoke first. 布朗夫人正要开始讲话,珍妮先讲了。

【用法】1.表示“大约”,通常用于数字前:It costs about $20. 这需20 美元左右。2.

在动词know, hear, speak 等之后用不用介词about, 含义有差别:She knows him. 她认识他。/ She knows about him. 她知道有关他的情况。3.be about to (do),意为“即将”、“马上”。注意该短语不与具体的时间状语(soon, tomorrow, immediately 等)连用:We are about to leave for Beijing. 我们正要动身去北京。不说:We are about to leave for Beijing tomorrow.

above[E5bQv] prep.1.在…上面;超过:We flew above the clouds. 我们在云层上面飞行。/ It cost above 100 yuan. 它的价值超过100元。2.胜于:She is above any of her class mates in speaking English. 她英语说得比班上任何同学都好。3.不屑:He’s not above te

lling a few lies, if it makes life easier. 他并不介意说些恍谎话,要是这样能叫日子好过一点的话。adj.上面的;上述的:For the answer, see the above sentence. 关于答案,请见上一句。adv.1.在上面;向上:My bedroom is just above. 我的寝室在上面。2.在上文:the reference number mentioned above 上述编号3.以上:children of seven or above 七岁或七岁以上的儿童◆above all最重要的是,尤其/ be above board(尤用于商业贸易)开诚布公

【辨析】above与over:两者都可表示“高于”,但over 主要表示垂直在上的正上方,而above 则不一定表示正上方(即可以是正上方也可以不是正上方):They built a new r oom above [over] the garage. 他们在车房上加盖了一个新房间。/ The plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云层上飞行。也就是说,表示正上方时,两者均可用;不表示正上方时,则通常要用above。

abroad[E5brC:d] adv.到(在)国外:My mother has never been abroad. 我母亲从未出过国。【提醒】1.表示“在国外”、“到国外”等,是副词,不是名词,因此不能与in, to, at

等介词连用;其前也不用冠词:His and his family have gone abroad. 他和他的家人已经出国了。不能说:go to (the) abroad / live in (the) abroad 注意:abroad 之前虽不能用in, to 之类的介词,但是却可以用介词from。如:Li Lei just came back from abroad. 李雷刚从国外回来。2.不要把abroad 写成aboard(上船、上飞机)。

absence[5AbsEns] n.1.[C,U]缺席;不在场:I soon noticed his absence from the lecture. 我很快便察觉到他缺课。2.[U]缺乏;没有:the absence of definite proof 缺乏确凿的证据

absent[5AbsEnt] adj.1.缺席的;不在场的:How many students are absent (from class) toda y? 今天有多少学生缺席?2.漫不经心的;心不在焉的;茫然的:an absent stare 心不在焉的呆视

【用法】1.用作形容词,可表示“缺席的”;要表示“做某事缺席”,其后常接介词from:Several students were absent from class today. 今天有几个学生上课缺席。有时根据不同的语境,也可能使用不同的介词:He’s absent in Beijing. 他外出了,现在北京。2.用作形容词,有时表示“心不在焉,茫然的”等,通常只用作定语:She had an absent look on her face. 她脸上露出茫然的神色。

absolute[5AbsElu:t] adj.1.绝对的,完全的,无疑的:It is an absolute fact.这是一个无疑的事实。2.确实的,实在的,真正的:without absolute proof of one’s guilt 无确实犯罪证据

absolutely[5AbsElu:tlI] adv.完全地,绝对地:It’s absolutely impossible. 那是绝对不可能的。absorb[Eb5sC:b] vt.1.吸收:When wood gets wet, it absorbs water and expands. 木头受潮时会吸收水分并膨胀。2.使专心:She was absorbed in her study. 她专心研读。

abstract[5AbstrAkt] adj.抽象的:an abstract idea抽象概念n.[C]摘要:an abstract of appr oximately 100 words 一篇约100 字的摘要

abundant[E5bQndEnt] adj.丰富的,大量的:The country is abundant in natural resources. 这个国家天然资源丰富。

abuse[E5bju:z] vt.1.滥用:It’s important not to abuse your position. 重要的是不要滥用你的地位。2.虐待:to abuse a horse 虐待一匹马n.[C,U]滥用:an abuse of authority 职权的滥用

accent[5AksEnt] n.1.[C]重音2.[C]重音符号3.[C,U]口音,腔调:He speaks English with

a strong German accent. 他说英语带有浓重的德国口音。◆the accent is on sth重点在于某事

accept[E5ksept] v.接受;收下:I cannot accept this gift. 我不能接受这份礼物。vt.承认;认可:Did she accept your reasons for being late? 她认可了你迟到的理由吗?

【辨析】accept 与receive:1.receive 通常指被动地“收到”或“接到”,而accept 则指主动地“接受”:She received his gift, but she didn’t accept it. 她收到了他的礼物,但是没有接受。2.表示“接见,接待”时,要用receive 而不用accept:The professor wa s warmly received. 教授受到了热情接待。

accident[5AksIdEnt] n.[C]事故,意外:a fatal accident 致命的意外/ Carelessness often ca uses accidents. 粗心常导致事故。◆by accident偶然地,意外地/ without accident平安无事地

【辨析】accident与insident:都可表示“事件”,但accident 指偶然发生的不幸事件,即“事故”;incident 则指普通的小事件,也指暴力性的政治事件:About five people w ere killed in the car accident. 在这次车祸中大约有5 个人丧生。/ Were there any exciti ng incidents during your journey? 你们在旅行中有没有什么令人激动的事情?/ The boo k is about the July 7th Incident. 这本书是关于七七事变的。

according to[E5kC:diN tJ] prep.1.按照,根据:More people now have a high standard of living, according to the statistics. 按照统计数字所示,现在已有较多人享有高水平生活。account[E5kaJnt] n.1.[C]账目:He takes care of the business and his wife keeps the acco unts. 他负责做生意,他妻子管账目。2.[C](书面或口头)报道;说明;描述:Today’s pa p er carries an exciting account of the football match. 今天的报纸刊载了这场足球比赛的精彩报道。3.账户:have an account at [with] that bank 在那个银行有账户 4.赊账:You r account is still unpaid. 你的账还没付。◆by [from] all accounts根据大家所说/ on account of因为/ on all accounts [on every account] 无论如何/on no account决不/ take…into account of [take account of…] 对…加以考虑,顾及

ache[eIk] vi.1.疼痛:His legs ached after playing football for two hours. 踢了两个小时足球后,他感到腿痛。2.渴望:She is aching to go abroad. 她一直渴望到各国外去。n.[C,U]痛,疼痛:He has an ache in the back. 他的背痛。

【辨析】ache与pain:1.ache 主要指肉体局部持续的疼痛或隐痛:My back aches terrib ly. 我背痛得厉害。而pain 是一般用语,可指轻微的痛或剧烈的痛,可指局部的痛或全身的痛,可指持续的痛或突发的痛等:The death of his father gave him much pain. 他父亲的死使他很悲痛。2.由于ache 常用于指局部的持续性疼痛,所以它常与某些表示身体部位的词构成合成词,表示身体的某处疼痛(此时通常不用pain):headache(头痛),t oothache(牙痛)等。

achieve[E5tFi:v] vt.1.完成;实现:I’ve achieved only half of what I’d hoped to do. 我希望做到的,我仅完成了一半。2.达到;获得:He achieved his goal. 他达到了他的目标。across[E5krRs] prep.1.横过,穿过:row sb across a lake 划船送某人过湖2.到对面;在对面:He lives across the street from us. 他住在我们的对面大街。

【辨析】across与through:都可表示“横过”或“穿过”,前者主要表示从某物的表面“横过”,涉及“面”的概念;而后者则指在里面或在一定空间范围内“穿过”,涉及“体”的概念:The old lady walked across the road carefully. 老太太小心地走过马路。He walked through t he forest alone. 他独自一人穿过森林。

【提醒】across 是介词,注意不要与动词cross(穿过)混淆。

act[Akt] n.法令;条例:an Act of Parliament (英国议会的)法令v.1.扮演, 表演:Who i s acting the part of Hamlet? 谁扮演哈姆雷特这个角色?2.行动:There’s no time to l ose; you must act now. 没时间了,你必须立即采取行动。3.表现;行为:He acted badl y in school. 他在学校时表现很不好。4.起…作用;产生…效果:The medicine failed to act. 这药不曾生效。5.假装:She is not really crying; she’s only acting in order to gain your sympathy. 她不是真哭,不过是装腔,想博取你的同情。◆act of God自然灾害/ be a hard [tough] act to follow做某事出色使别人难以企及/ get in on the act(为

得到好处而)参加(某活动) / get your act together协调一致/ in the act of doing sth 正在做某事的时候,当场/ act sth out模拟再现某事/ act up(孩子)调皮捣蛋;(身体或设备)出毛病

action[5AkF(E)n] n.1.[U]行动;动作:He is a man of action. 他是个实干的人。2.[C]行为;举动:The doctor’s quick action saved the child’s life. 医生的果断行动救了这孩子一命。3.[C]姿势:She has a graceful action. 她姿态优雅。◆caurse of action 采取的行动/ in action行动中,正在工作或做某事/ into action开始工作,开始运行/ out of action出故障的,无法正常工作的/ take action采取行动

active[5AktIv] adj.1.活动的;活跃的:She is not as active as she was. 她不像以往那样活跃。2.主动的;积极的:an active member积极分子/ Students should take an acti ve part in college life. 学生们应该积极参与大学的活动。

activity[Ak5tIvItI] n.1.[C]活动:I have a lot of activities which take up my time. 我从事很多活动,时间都被填满了。2.[U]活力;活动性:The house has been full of activity all day. 房子里整天都很热闹。

actor[5AktE(r)] n.[C]演员;男演员:a film actor 电影演员

actress[5AktrIs] n.[C]女演员

【助记】waitress 女服务员/ poetess 女诗人/ princess 公主/ stewardess 空姐,女乘务员actual[5AktFJEl] adj.实际的;现实的;真实的:The actual cost was much higher than we had expected. 实际成本比我们预料的高得多

AD[7eI 5di:] n.公元:Rome was founded in 753 BC. 罗马建立于公元前753年。/ From 5 00 BC to 500 AD is 1000 years. 从公元前五百年到公元五百年共计1000年。

【用法】AD 放在年代之后或之前皆可,而BC(公元前)只能放在年代之后。

ad[Ad] (= advertisement)n.[C]广告:I saw your ad in the local paper. 我在本地的报纸上看到了你的广告。

add[Ad] vt.1.添加:Will you add some more sugar to your coffee? 你的咖啡要多加些糖吗? 2.加;加上:If add 5 and 5, you get 10. 5 加5 得10。3.补充说;又说:“Do n’t forget to write to us,” she added. 她补充说:“别忘了给我们写信。”◆add sth o n包括/ add to sth增加,使…更极端化/ add up合理/ add (sth) up加起来/ ad d up to sth总计达

addition[E5dIF(E)n] n.1.[U]增加;(算数用语)相加:Our boy is still not good at addition. 我们的小男孩仍然不擅做加法。2.[C]增加物:They’ve got a new addition to the famil y. 他们家又多了一位成员。◆in addition (to sth) 除此之外,另外

address[E5dres] n.1.[C]地址;住址:Let me give you my home (business) address. 我把我的住址(工作地址)给你吧。2.[C]演讲;致词:He gave an address of welcome. 他致欢迎词。3.[U]举止vt.1.写姓名地址:The card was wrongly addressed to (us at) our old home. 那张(给我们的)明信片误写了我们的旧地址。2.演说,向…讲话:He addressed t he audience in an eloquent speech. 他向听众发表了雄辩的演说。3.提出:Please address all complaints to the manager. 一切意见均请向经理提出。4.称呼:She prefers to be add ressed as “Ms”. 她喜欢别人称呼她为“女士”。◆address oneself to专注于;致力于【提醒】用作名词,意为“地址”时,要注意汉语中的“你住在哪? ”在英语中不能直译为:Where is your address?(写有你的地址的纸条放在哪儿了? 而应说:Where do you live? / What’s your address?

admire[Ed5maIE(r)] vt.钦佩;羡慕;赞赏:I admire him for what he has done. 我对他所做的事很钦佩。/ I was admiring his new car. 我羡慕地看着他的新车。

【用法】1.通常只作及物动词,通常用于admire (sb for) sth,意为“因为…而钦佩或赞美某人”:People admired (him for) his courage. 人们赞美他的勇气。/ I admire (him for) his success in his career. 我们佩服他事业有成。2.其后一般不接that 从句,但有时可接what 从句:We admire (him for ) what he has done. 我们对他所做的事很钦佩。但不说:We admire that he is brave.

admission[Ed5mIF(E)n] n.1.[U]准许进入;准许加入:No admission. 禁止入内。/ Admissi on to this school is for boys only. 这所学校只接受男生入学。2.[U]入场费;会费:Adm ission to the concert is$20. 这场音乐会入场费是20美元。

admit[Ed5mIt] v.承认;供认:Will you admit having broken the window? = Will you ad mit (that) you have broken the window? 你承不承认你打破了窗户?vt.1.准许(入场、入学、入会等):admit sb into the university 获准入大学/ Each ticket admits two people to the party. 每张票可供两个人入场参加聚会。2.容纳, 容许:The auditorium admits 5,0 00 persons. 这座礼堂可容纳五千人。◆admit defeat承认失败

【用法】1.表示“承认”时,其后可接名词、动名词或从句,不接不定式:He admitted br eaking the window. 他承认打破了窗子。/ He never admits that he is wrong. 他从不承认自己错了。2.表示“允许进入”、“使能进入”,可指进入某一具体场所也可指进入某一组织机构等:This ticket admits one person only. 此券只准一人入场。/ The univers ity admits 2,000 students every year. 这所大学每年招收2 000 名学生。

adult[5AdQlt] adj.成年的;已成人的:an adult man (woman) 成年男子(女子) / adult (basi c) education 成人(基础)教育n.[C]成年人:These films are suitable for adults only. 这些电影只适宜成人观看。

advance[Ed5vB:ns] v.1.推进,促进;前进:advance the growth of rice促进水稻生长/ Ou r troops have advanced two miles. 我们的部队已经前进了两英里。2.提高;提升:As t he wages advanced, so did the cost of living.

随着工资的提高, 生活费用也提高了。3.提前;提前支付:She had ten dollars advanced o n her salary. 她预支10 美元薪水。n.1. (用单数)前进:the army’s adva nce towards the border 军队向边境的推进 2.[C,U]进步,进展:advance of civilization 文明的进步 / recent advances in medical science 医学上的新进展3.[C]预支;预付;借贷:make an advance to sb 贷款给某人 / pay an advance of £100 预付 100 英镑◆in advance预先,事先

【用法】1.用作名词,表示“前进”时,多为不可数名词;表示“进展”、“进步”等义时,多为可数名词:The army’s advance was very fast. 部队推进很快。/ China has ma

de great advances in industry. 中国在工业方面进步很大。2.用作动词,表示推进的方向,通常用介词to, towards:They advanced to [towards] the castle. 他们向城堡推进。表示进攻的对象,通常用介词on, upon:The soldiers advanced on [upon] the enemy. 士兵们向敌人进击。

advantage[Ed5vB:ntIdV] n.1.[C]优势;长处:He has the advantage of a steady job. 他有工作稳定的有利条件。2.[U]利益;益处:It is to your advantage to invest wisely. 明智地投资对你很有利。◆take (full) advantage of(充分)利用/ to one’s advantage对…有利

adventure[Ed5ventFE(r)] n.[C,U]冒险;奇遇:The two Frenchmen went through strange ad ventures in the African forests. 这两个法国人在非洲森林里经历了种种奇遇。

advertise[5AdvEtaIz] v.登广告,宣传,为…做广告:advertise on TV 在电视上做广告/ We advertised through the press. 我们通过报刊宣传。

advertisement[Ed5v\:tIsmEnt] n.[C,U]广告,宣传:the advertisement page 广告专页/ A l ot of people replied to our advertisement. 有许多人对我们的广告作出了反应。

advice[Ed5vaIs] n.[U]忠告,劝告,建议:If you take my advice you’ll see a doctor. 如果你听我的话,就去看病。

【用法】1.表示“建议,劝告,忠告”等时,是不可数名词,若表示一条或几条建议或劝告,要借用piece 这样的词:a piece of advice 一条建议。2.表示按照某人的意见做某事,一般要用介词on 或by:They did the work on [by] her advice. 他们按她的意见做此工作。3.表示提出建议或忠告,一般用动词give;表示向某人请教或征求意见,一般用动词ask (for);表示接受意见或劝告,一般用动词take, follow, accept:She took the doctor’s advice and gave up smoking. 她听从医生的建议,戒了烟。4.其后若出现that 从句,通常用“should + 动词原形”这样的虚拟语气:The doctor’s advice is that he (s hould) give up smoking. 医生建议他戒烟。

advise[Ed5vaIz] vt.忠告,劝告,建议:They strongly advised me not to do so. 他们竭力劝我不要这样做。

【用法】1.表示“建议”,通常为及物动词,其后接动词,通常应接动名词,而不能接不定式:I advise waiting till the right time. 我建议等到适当的时候。注意:advise 之后不能直接跟不定式,但可接不定式的复合结构:They advised us not to travel on a Frid ay.他们建议我们不要星期五去旅行。2.其后若接that 从句,通常要用虚拟语气(should + v):He advised that I (should) give her a telephone call. 他建议我给她打个电话。aeroplane[5eErEplein] n.[C](英)飞机:by aeroplane 乘飞机;用飞机

affair[E5feE(r)] n.1.[C](常用单数)事,事情,事务:It’s not my affair. 那不是我的事。2.

[C](常用复数)(个人)业务;(公共)事务:government affairs 政务/ They talked about business affairs. 他们谈论商务。◆state of affairs 事态,情况

affect[E5fekt] vt.1.影响:The change in climate may affect your health. 气候的变化可能影响你的健康。2.(使)感动:He was deeply affected by my words. 他听了我的话很受感动。【辨析】affect, effect与influence:1.affect 与effect 均可表示“影响”,但前者是动词(及物),主要指一时的影响,着重影响的动作,可指一般意义的影响(不分好坏),也可指不良影响;后者是名词(可数或不可数),两者的关系大致为:affect = have an effect on:The bad news did not affect him at all.=The bad news had no effect on him at all.

这条坏消息对他没有一点影响。2.influence 表示“影响”,主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响。可用作动词(及物)或名词(通常不可数,但有时可连用不定冠词):Her style of painting has been influenced by Japanese art. 她的画风一直受到日本艺术的影响。/ Television has a strong influence on people. 电视对人有很大的影响。afford[E5fC:d] vt.1.承担得起(…的费用等);抽得出时间:He can afford an apartment. 他能买得起一套住房。/ I’d love to go on holiday but I can’t afford the time. 我倒想去度假,可是抽不出时间来。2.提供;给予:It affords pleasure to me. 这使我很高兴。

【用法】1.常与can, be able to 等连用,表示“担负得起”某事或某物的费用、损失、后果等,或“抽得出”时间等,后面通常可接名词、代词、不定式等(主要用于否定句或疑问句)。I can’t afford (to buy) a new coat. 我没钱买件新外衣。2.表示“提供”、“给予”,其后可以接双宾语(直接宾语通常为抽象概念),若双宾语交换位置,要用介词to(此时无需连用can, be able to):His visit affords us great pleasure. = His visit affords gre at pleasure to us. 他的来访给我们带来了很大的快乐。

afraid[E5freId] adj.1.害怕的:Some small children are afraid of the dark. 有些小孩怕黑。2.担心的;担忧的:He was afraid that he would fail in the exam. 他担心考试会不及格。

3.(表示抱歉)恐怕;我想…:I am afraid I can’t help you. 很抱歉,我恐怕帮不了你的忙。【用法】1.是形容词,不是动词,所以不能单独用作谓语:Don’t be afraid. 别怕。不能说:Don’t afraid. 2.是表语形容词,一般不能放在名词前作定语。但若是本身有修饰语,则也可以放在名词前作定语;有时构成短语可放在被修饰的名词后作后置定语:a girl afrai d of dogs 怕狗的男孩。3.I’m afraid 意为“恐怕”,主要用来委婉地提出异议或说出令人不快的事情等:It’s too late, I’m afraid. 恐怕太贵了。I’m afraid 之后可接so 或not, 表示前面所提到的情况。表肯定时用so;表否定时用not:“Will she come tomorrow?” I’m afraid so (not). “她明天会来吗?”“恐怕会(不会)吧。”注意上面的否定说法不能改为I’m not afraid (so)。

4.表示“害怕做某事”或“不敢做某事”,be afraid 之后可接不定式,也可接of doing sth:I’m afraid to jump [of jum ping] . 我不敢跳。

Africa[5AfrIkE] n.非洲

African[5AfrIkEn] adj.非洲的,非洲人的n.[C]非洲人

after[5B:ftE(r)] adv.以后,后来:They lived happily ever after. 他们后来一直生活得很幸福。prep.1. (指时间)在…之后;后来:shortly after seven刚过七点钟/ the day aft er tomorrow 后天2.(表位置、顺序等)在…之后:Z comes after Y. Z在Y之后。conj.在…以后:The sun came out after the storm ceased. 在暴风雨停止后, 太阳出来了。◆after all毕竟,终究/ after you(表示礼貌)您先请/ day after day (year after year)日复一日(年复一年) / one after another一个接一个

【辨析】after与in:1.均可与一段时间连用,表示“在…之后”,但after 表示以过去时间为起点的一段时间以后,因此通常与过去时连用;而in 则表示从现在算起的一段时间以后,因此通常用于将来时或含有将来意义的句子:After he (had) closed the door, he l eft the house. 关了门之后,他就离开了家。/ My father came back after three days. 3 天后我爸爸回来了。2.after 除与一段时间连用外,还可与时间点连用,此时可用于将来时(注:in 不能与时间点连用):He will arrive after five o’clock. 他 5 点钟以后到。afternoon[B:ftE5nu:n] n.[C,U]下午,午后:in the afternoon 在下午/ He goes there two afternoons a week. 他每星期有两个下午到那里去。

afterwards[5B:ftEwEdz] adv.后来,然后:Let’s eat first and go to the theater afterwards. 咱们先去吃饭,然后再去看戏。

again[E5^en] adv.1.再一次;再,又:If you fail, try again. 如果你失败了,再试一次。2.此外,另一方面:She might go, and again she might not. 她可能去,也可能不去。◆n ow and again有时,时而/ again and again反复地,再三地/ then (there) again但是,然而

against[E5^enst] prep.1.相反;逆着:against the wind 逆风/ That’s against the law. 那是违法的。2.反对:He declared himself dead against the proposal. 他声明他断然反对那项提议。3.靠着,倚着:The old woman is leaning against the wall. 那个老妇人正倚着墙。

4.与…成对照:dark colors against a fair skin 深色衬托出白皙的肌肤

5.防备;防御:fo od stored against winter为过冬贮备的食物◆against the law (rules)违反法律(规则) / against your will违背自己的意愿,被强迫/ against sb’s wishes (advice)不理会某人的意愿(建议)

【提醒】是介词,不是动词,不要受汉语思维影响而将其误用作动词。

age[eIdV] n.1.[C,U]年龄;年纪:Children of all ages will enjoy this film. 不管多大年纪的孩子都会喜欢这部电影。2.[U]人生的阶段:middle age 中年/ full age 成年3.[U]年老:His face was wrinkled with age. 他的脸因苍老而起皱。4.[C]时代,年代:the computer age 电脑时代/ the Middle Ages 中世纪5.[C](常用复数)长时间:I haven’t seen him

for ages. 我有很长时间没有看见他了。◆at the age of在…岁的时候/ age group同是某一年龄的人,年龄组/ under age未到法定年龄/ come of age成年

aggression[5E^reF(E)n] n.[C,U]侵略,挑衅:an act of open aggression 公然的侵略行动aggressive[5E^resIv] adj.1.侵略的;好斗的:Some people get aggressive after drinking alco hol. 有些人喝了酒后会变得咄咄逼人。2.有进取心的:an aggressive young executive一个进取心很强的年轻管理人员

ago[E5^EJ] adv.以前:It was seven years ago that she went abroad. 她七年前出国了。【辨析】ago 与before:1.两者均可表示在多久时间“以前”(要放在表示一段时间的词语之后),但ago表示从现在向前回溯,即现在的过去,因此通常与一般过去时连用;而b efore 则表示从过去向前回溯,即指过去的过去,因此通常与过去完成时连用(尤其用于宾语从句中):I bought the computer five years ago. 我是五年前买这台电脑的。/ He said they had left seven days before. 他说他们7 天前就离开了。2.before 有时单独使用(即不连用具体时间),泛指“以前”,此时可用于一般过去时,也可用于现在完成时:I hav e been to Beijing before. 我以前去过北京。

agree[E5^ri:] v.1.同意;应允:I asked for a pay rise, and she agreed. 我请求加薪,她同意了。2.赞同:I don’t agree with experiments on animals. 我不赞成用动物做实验。3.一致,相符:Shanghai does not agree with me; I like Beijing better. 上海对我不适宜,我更喜欢北京。

agreement[E5^ri:mEnt] n.1.[U]同意,一致:She nodded her head in agreement. 她点头同意。/ The two things are in agreement. 这两件事是一致的。2.协议,合约:The agreeme nt was written and signed. 协议已写好,也签了字。

agricultural[A^rI5kQltFEr(E)l] adj.农业的:agricultural products农作物,农产品/ agricultu ral development 农业的发展

agriculture[5A^rI7kQltFE(r)] n.[U]农业,农学:He is engaged in agriculture. 他从事农业。ahead[E5hed] adv.& adj.1.在前面,向前:Full speed ahead! 全速前进! 2.预先,事先:We must think ahead and make a plan. 我们要为未来着想,定一个计划。3.领先,占优势:She was always well ahead of the rest of the class. 她在班上总是遥遥领先。◆ahead o f在…之前;超过/ get ahead胜过,超过/ streets ahead (of sb / sth) 远胜过(某人、某物)

aid[eId] n.1.[U]援助;救护:legal aid 法律援助/ She came quickly to his aid. 她急忙来帮助他。2.[C]辅助器具;有帮助的事物:teaching aids 教具/ a hearing aid 助听器vt.

帮助,援助:I aided him in his enterprise. 我帮助他做这一事业。◆in aid of sb (sth)为某人或某事筹款

AIDS,Aids[eIdz] n.[U](医学用语)艾滋病:AIDS is a fatal disease. 艾滋病是绝症。

aim[eIm] n.1.[C]目的;目标:What was his aim in life? 他生活的目的是什么? 2.[U]瞄准;对准:Take careful aim (at the target) before firing. 开火之前仔细瞄准(目标)。v.1.针对:My remarks were not aimed at you. 我的话并非针对你说的。2.(常与at连用)瞄准;对准:aim one’s gun at the enemy把枪瞄准敌人/ He could not aim straight. 他瞄不准。

3.确定目标,致力于:He aims to be a lawyer. 他要当个律师。◆be aimed at sth为达某目的或目标/ take aim (at)瞄准

air[eE] n.1.[U]空气:Let’s go out for some fresh air. 咱们出去呼吸点儿新鲜空气吧。2. [U]大气;天空;空中:the birds of the air 天空中的鸟3.[C]气氛;神态:There was a comfortable air about her room. 她房间有一股令人舒适的气氛。/ She has a cheerful air.

她面有喜色。◆by air乘飞机/ in the air在空中,悬而未决,在流传中/ off (the) a ir(广播或电视)停播/ on (the) air(广播或电视)正在播出/ up in the air悬而未决aircraft[5eEkrB:ft] (单复数同形)n.[C]飞机,飞行器

airline[5eElaIn] n.[C]航空公司;定期航运;定期航线:international airlines

国际航线;国际航空公司

airmail[5eEmeIl] n.[U]航空邮件:send a letter by airmail 寄航空信vt.用航空邮寄:airma il a parcel 寄航空邮包

airplane[5eEpleIn] n.[C](美)飞机:The airplane took off on time. 飞机准时起飞。

airport[5eEpC:t] n.[C]航空站,飞机场:Let’s meet at Beijing airport. 我们在北京机场碰面吧。

alarm[E5lB:m] n.1.[C]警报;警报装置:give the alarm 发出警报/ He sounded the alarm.

他鸣警报。2.[C]闹钟(= alarm clock):What time shall I set the alarm for? 我该把闹钟拨到几点种响?3.[U]惊恐,惊慌:She was struck with alarm. 她饱受惊慌。vt.使惊慌,使不安:I was quite alarmed last night at the cry of “fire”. 昨天夜里听到“失火了”的喊声时,我十分惊慌。◆a false alarm 假警报/ raise (sound) the alarm发出警报alive[E5laIv] adj.1.活的,活着的,在世的:Are your grandparents still alive? 你的祖父母还在世吗?2.活跃的,充满活力的:Although old he is still very much alive. 他虽然年事已高,但仍充满活力。◆alive and well 活着的

【辨析】alive, live与living:三者均可表示“活着的”,其区别如下:1.alive 主要用作表语(有时可用作后置定语,但不用作前置定语),可用于人或动物:He must be still ali ve. 他一定还活着。/ She’s the happiest woman alive. 她是世上最幸福的女人。2.living 可用作表语或定语,可用于人或物:Are your grandparents still living? 你的祖父母还健在吗? / Both plants and animals are living things. 动物和植物都是生物。3.live 通常只用作定语(前置),可用于动物或植物,但一般不用于人:He bought some live fish. 他买

了几条活鱼。Only a few live trees were left after the big fire. 火灾之后只有几棵树还活着。

all[C:l] adv.全部地,完全:She sat all alone. 她独自一人坐着。adj.全部的;所有的;整个的:all day long 终日/ all the year round 全年/ All the windows are open. 所有的窗子都开着。pron.全部;全体人员(事物):All are equal before the law. 法律面前人人平等。/ Grasp all, lose all. (谚)贪多必失。◆all at once突然/ all but几乎,差不多/all over到处;完全/ all the same还是,仍然/ all together一起,总共/first o f all首先/ go all out全力以赴/in all总共/ not at all毫不,全然不【辨析】all,

every与each:1.三者都可用来概括全体,但强调重点不同:all(全部)是整体性地考虑总体(具有概括性),every(每个)是考虑总体中的所有成员(与all 很接近),each(每个)是逐个逐个地考虑总体(具有个别性):All men die. 所有的人都是要死的。/ Every man dies. 每一个人都要死的。/ Each man must die alone. 人都必然会一个个地死去。2.each 指两者或两者以上的“每个”,every 指三者或三者以上的“每个”,因此指两者时只能用each:There are trees on each side of the river. 河两边都有树。

allow[E5laJ] vt.1.允许,准许:No pets are allowed inside. 宠物不准入内。/ We don’t allo w such things to be done. 我们不容许有这种事情发生。2.给予;使得到:You’ll have to allow three days for that job. 你得给三天时间才能完成那项工作。/ A hundred poun ds a year was allowed to each of his sons. 他给每个儿子一年100 英镑。◆allow for 考虑,顾及

【辨析】allow与permit:均可表示“允许”,但permit 通常指上级、规则或法令等表示的准许,其语气较重;而allow 通常指消极地不加反对,有时含有听任或默许之意,语气较轻:The nurse allowed him to remain there,though it was not permitted. 护士让他留在那儿,而按规定那是不许可的。2. 从用法上看,两者后接动词作宾语时,均要用动名词形式,而不能直接用不定式。We don’t allow [p ermit] swimming in the pool. 我们不许在池子里游泳。/ We don’t allow children to swim in the pool. 我们不许孩子们在池子里游泳。

almost[5C:lmEJst] adv.几乎,差不多:almost everyone 几乎每一个人/ She said almost no thing. 她几乎一言不发。

【辨析】almost 与nearly:1.两者都可用来修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等,此时两者常可换用。但修饰动词时,通常应放在行为动词之前,特殊动词之后:H e fell and almost [nearly] broke his leg. 他摔了一交,险些摔断了腿。/ He is almost [n early] as tall as his father. 他差不多与他父亲一样高。修饰形容词、副词、名词等时,通常应将其放在被修饰词语之前:Almost [nearly] all the students passed the English exam.

差不多所有的学生都通过了英语考试。2.almost 可用于any 以及否定词no, none, no

body, nothing, never 等否定词之前,但nearly 一般不这样用:I almost never see her. 我几乎从未见过她。/ Almost no one came to the party. 几乎没有人来参加晚会。alone[E5lEJn] adj.单独的,独自的:I am not alone in thinking so. 并非只有我才这样想的。adv.1.单独地,独自地:I can’t do it alone. 我一个人干不了这事。2.只有,唯独:You alone can do it . 只有你能做这件事。◆go it alone独自做(某事) / leave alone让其独处,不打扰/ let alone更不用说

【辨析】alone, lone与lonely:1.alone 用作形容词,通常只是表示客观上的一个人或没有外人,而不表示寂寞或孤独等感情色彩,并且在句中只用作表语:He doesn’t feel lonely when he is alone. 他一个人时不感到寂寞。2.lone 表示“孤单的,单独的,无伴的”,通常只用作定语,有时可与表示类似意义的lonely 换用:a lone house in the field 田野中的孤屋/ a lone [lonely] traveller 无伴的旅行者。但是lone 一般不表示“寂寞的”、“偏僻的”等义。3.lonely 表示“寂寞的,孤寂的”,带有较强感情色彩,相当于sad because one lacks friends or companions,可用来说明人,也可用来说明life, days, year s 等,可用作表语或定语:He has been very lonely since his wife left him. 自他妻子离开他后,他一直感到很寂寞。/ Hers is a lonely life. 她的生活很寂寞。表示“荒凉的”、“偏僻的”时,用来说明地方,此时多用作定语:Robinson Crusoe was taken to a lonel y island. 鲁滨逊被带到了一个荒岛上。

along[E5lRN] adv.1.向前:She cycled along, singing happily.她骑着车,快乐地唱着歌前进。

2.和…一起;一同:Bring your friends along, too. 带你的朋友也一起来。prep.沿着;顺着:She walked along the path. 她顺着小路往前走。◆all along一直,总是/ along wi th sb (sth)一同/be getting along进行,进展

aloud[E5laJd] adv.出声地;大声地:Read the passage aloud, please. 请朗读这篇文章。/ The pain made him cry aloud. 他痛得大声喊叫。

但nearly 一般不这样用。aloud, loud与loudly:均可表示“出声”,但aloud 没有比较级和最高级,常与read, speak, think 等动词连用,表示从不出声到出声,即把话说出来,声音不一定很大,但别人能听得见。loud 表示“大声”或“响亮”,可用作形容词和副词,常与speak, talk, sing, laugh 等动词连用,强调声音响亮。loudly 用作副词,意为“大声地;喧闹地”,有时可与loud 互换。

already[C:l5redI] adv.已经:It’s already finished. 已经完事了。/ Have you eaten your dinn er already? 你已经吃饭了吗?

【辨析】already与yet:1.already 一般用于肯定句,常与完成时连用;有时也可用于疑问句中,表示惊奇:She had already gone when I arrived. 我到的时候她已经走了。2.yet 意为“已经,还,尚”,一般用于否定句和疑问句中,常位于主要动词前或句末:He ha s not come yet. 他还没有来。(from www. nmet168. com)

also[5C:lsEJ] adv.也:She can sing and dance. 她能歌善舞。◆not only…but also…不但…而且…但

【辨析】also, too, either 与as well:均可表示“也”,区别如下:1.too 和as well 多用于口语中,语气较轻,通常用于肯定句或疑问句,一般不用于否定句,且通常放在句末:Are you coming too [as well] ? 你也来吗? 2.also 比too 和as well 正式,一般也不用于否定句,它在句中的位置通常是紧靠动词,即放在行为动词之前,特殊动词之后。有时为了强调也放在句末(但不常见):She also came. = She came also. 她也来了。3.eith er通常只用于否定句,且要放在句末:Sorry, I don’t know, either. 抱歉,我也不知道。although[C:l5TEJ] conj.虽然,尽管:Although it was so cold, he went out without an ove rcoat. 天气虽然很冷, 他没有穿大衣就出去了。

【辨析】although与though:两者意思大致相同,但though 较常用于口语中;although 用于陈述事实而不用于假设,因此不可把as though 和even though 中的though 用alt hough 代替。此外,though 可用作副词,意为“但是,不过”,用于句末,although 则不能置于句末。

altogether[C:ltE5^eTE(r)] adv.1.完全地;全然:He forgot it altogether. 他完全忘了那件事。2.总之;总共:taken altogether总括起来说, 总之 / It rained a lot, but altogether it was a good trip. 天老是下雨,但总的来说,这次旅行十分愉快。always[5C:lweIz] adv.1.总是:I always got up at six in my school days. 我在学生时代总是 6 点起床。2.永远:They will always be friends. 他们将永远是朋友。

【用法】1.通常放在实义动词之前、特殊动词(动词be、助动词或情态动词)之后,但有时为了强调,也可将其放在特殊动词之前,有时甚至还可放在句首或句末:You should alwa ys be kind to others. 你应该时时友好待人。/ Always do your best. 做什么事都要尽力而为2.always(总是)通常与一般现在时或一般过去时连用,但还可与进行时连用,表示谈话内容的多次重复,带有一定的感情色彩(赞许、不快、厌恶等):She’s always smiling.

她总是面带笑容。在句中的位置:3.与not 构成部分否定,此时always 总是要放在not之后(而不能在其前):He doesn’t always get up late. 他并非总是起来很晚。

am1[Am,Em] v.be的第一人称单数现在式:Here I am! 我来了!

am2, AM[7eI5em] 午前,上午:the 9:30 am train 上午9 点30 分的火车【提醒】am 意为“上午”,pm 意为“下午”,两者都不能单独使用,而要与表示时间的数字连用,且置于数字之后;不能与in the morning 或in the afternoon 连用,以免构成用词重复;不能与o’clock 连用:He gets up at 7 am every day. 他每天早上7 点起床。

amaze[E5meIz] vt.惊奇,惊叹;震惊:His knowledge amazed me. 他的学识令我吃惊。ambulance[5AmbjJlEns] n.[C]救护车:The old man was taken by ambulance to the neares t hospital. 那位老人被救护车送到最近的一家医院。

America[E5merIkE] n.1.美国:I’m going to America this summer. 这个暑假我要去美国。2.

美洲:North (South) America 北(南)美洲

American[E5merIkEn] adj.美国的;美洲的;美国人的:American English 美国英语n.[C]美国人;美洲人:They are Americans. 他们是美国人。

among[E5mQN] prep.1.在…中间;在(三个以上)之间:among the children在孩子们中间/ She was soon lost among the crowd. 很快她就消失在人群之中。2.…之一:You are onl y one among many who need help. 你不过是许多需要帮助的人之一。

【辨析】among 与between:1.among 一般用于三者或三者以上的“在…中间”,其宾语通常是一个表示笼统数量或具有复数(或集合)意义的名词或代词:I found the map amon g a pile of old books. 我在一堆旧书中找到了那张地图。2.between 一般指两者之间,其宾语往往是表示两者的名词或代词,或者是由and 连接的两个人或物:There was a f ight between the two boys. 这两个孩子打过一次架。/ I’m usually free between Saturda y and Sunday. 我通常在星期六与星期天之间有空。3.between 一般表示两者之间,但当有多个由and 连接的事物时,需用between:Switzerland lies between France, Italy, Au stria and Germany. 瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。

amuse[E5mju:z] vt.1.(使人)快乐,逗…开心:He was much amused at the student’s remark s. 听了学生的话,他感到很好笑。2.娱乐;消遣:I amuse myself with (by) reading. 我以读书自娱。

amusement[E5mju:zmEnt] n.1.[U]开心,愉快:I listened in amusement. 我听得十分开心。2.[C]娱乐(活动),消遣(方式):There were a lot of amusements in big cities. 大城市有许多娱乐(活动)。

ancestor[5AnsestE(r)] n.[C]祖宗;祖先:One of my ancestors was a great scholar. 我的祖先当中有一位是伟大的学者。

ancient[5eInFEnt] adj.1.古代的,古老的:ancient Rome 古罗马2.(口语)过时的:my ancien t car 我的老爷车

and[End, And] conj.1.和,及,并:a knife and fork 一副刀叉/ a table and two chairs 一张桌子和两把椅子/ We were cold and hungry. 我们饥寒交迫。2.然后,接着又:She b rushed her teeth and went to bed. 她刷完牙,然后上床睡觉。

anger[5AN^E(r)] n.[U]怒气,愤怒:Anger showed in his face. 他脸上露出怒容。vt.激怒,使发怒:She was angered at his impolite words. 听到他粗鲁的话,她发火了。

angry[5An^rI] adj.生气的,愤怒的:an angry silence 愤怒的沉默/ The more angry he be came, the more she laughed at him. 他越生气,她就越笑他。【用法】1.表示对某人生气,一般用介词with(有时也用at):My mother got angry with [at] me because I went home lare. 因为我回家晚了,妈妈对我生气了。2.表示对某事生气,根据情况可用介词a

t, about, over 等:“What is he angry about?” “He was angry at what you said.” “他为什么生气?”“他对你说的话很生气。”3.表示生气的原因,一般用介词for:I am angr y with you for your having broken your promise. 你未履行诺言使我生气。

animal[5AnIm(E)l] n.[C]动物;牲畜:A dog is an animal. 狗是动物。

announce[E5naJns] vt.1.通报,通告:The servant announced Mr and Mrs Green. 仆人通报格林夫妇驾临。2.宣布,宣告:They announced the date of their wedding in the paper.

他们在报纸上宣布了结婚日期。3.广播,播出:He announces three programs a week. 他每周广播三个节目。【辨析】announce 与declare:均可表示“宣布”,其区别如下:1.

announce 主要指宣布大家期待的或与大家有关的事情,所涉及的情况通常是别人原来不知道的事,含有预告的意思:The date of his visit has not been announced. 他来访的日期尚未公布。2.declare 含有“庄严宣告”或“交代清楚”的意思,所涉及的事情不一定是别人不知道的:The republic has declared her independence. 这共和国已宣布独立。announcement[E5naJnsmEnt] n.[C,U]通告,通知:broadcast an announcement 广播一则通告/ The announcement took the students by surprise. 这一通知使学生们大吃一惊。annoy[E5nCI] vt.1.(使)烦恼,使生气(常用于被动语态):She was annoyed with him becaus e he was late. 因为他迟到,她对他生气。打扰,烦扰:The flies keep annoying me. 这些苍蝇使我不得安宁。

【辨析】annoyed与annoying:前者指“让人生气的”,后者表示“令人生气的”:I wa s annoyed at his bad manners. 他的无礼使我恼怒。/ These flies are annoying me. 这些苍蝇真让人讨厌。

another[E5nQTE(r)] adj.1.再一,另一:had another cup of coffee 又喝了一杯咖啡2.别的;不同的:There must be another way of doing it. 一定有别的方法做这件事。pron.另一个:I don’t know one model of car from another. 我分辨不出汽车的型号。◆one after ano ther一个接一个/ one another互相,彼此

【用法】1.another 后一般只接单数可数名词,不接复数名词或不可数名词:another boy (d ay) 另外一个男孩(一天)等。2.在通常情况下,another 后不能接复数名词或不可数名词,但是若复数名词之前有few 或数词修饰,或不可数名词之前有piece of 之类的单位词时等,则可以与another 连用:In another two weeks the work will be finished. 再过两个星期这项工作就可做完了。/ I have another good piece of news for you. 我还有一条好消息要告诉你。

【辨析】another, other与others:1.another 表示三个或三个以上的人或物中的“另外一个,又一个”:Would you like another orange? 你还想要个橘子吗?2.other 表示“其他的(人或物),别的(人或物)”,表特指时其前用定冠词,表泛指时其前不用冠词:Shut

the other eye, too. 另一只眼也闭上。3.others 是代词,不能作定语,泛指“其他的人或事物”:Think of others as well as yourself. 不仅要想到自己,也要想到别人。

《实用高中英语短语与句型词典》

about

1. be about sth忙于做某事,在干某事。如:

What are you about? 你在干(忙)什么?

He knew what he was about. 他知道自己在干什么。

2. be about to do sth

(1) 即将,马上(不与具体时间状语连用)。如:

Sit down, everyone. The film is about to start. 大家坐好,电影马上就要开发始了。

He was about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 他正要上床睡觉,这时电话铃响了起来。

(2) 打算,有意(主要见于美国英语中,且主要用于否定句)。如:

I’m not about to lend him any more money.我不打算再借给他任何钱。

I’m not about to stop when I’m so close to success. 现在我已接近要成功了,我不打算放弃。(from https://www.doczj.com/doc/7618951531.html,)

3. How [What] about (doing) sth?

(1) 用于征求意见,意为:你认为(做)某事怎么样? 如:

How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶怎么样?

What about a game of table tennis? 打场乒乓球怎么样?

(2) 询问情况或打听消息,意为:(做)某事怎么样? 如:

What about that matter the other day? 早几天的那件事怎么样了?

(3) 表示讽刺或挖苦,意为:你做某事又作何解释? 你做某事又怎么说? 如:

A:I have never had an accident while driving. 我开车从未出过事。

B:How about that time you ran into a lamppost? 那次你撞到路灯上又怎么解释呢?

注:有时用于人。如:

I’m ready. What about you? 我已准备好了,你呢?

How about Mother? Is she all right? 妈妈怎么样? 她好吗?

above

1. above all首先,最重要的是。如:

Above all, he was not honest. 最重要的是他不诚实。

But above all tell me quickly what I have to do now. 但现在首先要告诉我要去做什么。

2. be above one(one’s head) 太高深,无法理解。如:

The book is above the boy. 这个孩子读不懂这本书。

The lecture was above the heads of most students. 这个讲座大部分学生理解不了。

3. get above oneself自高自大,自命不凡。如:

Don’t get above yourself. 不要自以为了不起。

Now he is getting far above himself. 他现在有变得狂妄了。

absence

1. in(during) one’s absence/ in(during) the absence of

(1) 当某人不在时。如:

Please look after my house in (during) my absence. 我不在的时候,请照看一下我的房子。

In the absence of the manager, I shall be in charge. 经理不在时,由我负责。

(2) (由于)缺乏某物,在缺乏某物的情况下。如:

Plants cannot exist in the absence of oxygen, nor can animals. 植物在无氧情况下不能生存,动物也是一样。

He was forced to accept it as true in the absence of other evidence. 由于没有别的证据,他只好认为那是真实的。

2. absence of mind心不在焉。如:

Absence of mind may have bad results. 心不在焉可能会导致糟糕的结果。

absent

1. be absent from不在,缺席。如:

He was absent from the meeting. 他没有参加会议。

比较(注意介词不同导致含义的变化):

He is absent from Beijing. 他不在北京(而在别处)。

He is absent in Beijing. 他不在这里而在北京。

2. absent oneself from缺席,不在。如:

He absented himself from the meeting. 他没有出席会议。

Why did you absent yourself from class yesterday? 你昨天为什么没来上课?

accident

1. by accident偶然地,无意中。如:

I found it by accident. 我是无意中找到它的。

Columbus discovered America by accident. 哥伦布偶然发现了美洲大陆。

注:by accident 主要用作状语,有时也用作表语。如:

Our meeting in Paris was by accident. 我们在巴黎见面是个巧合。

2. by accident of因为……的机会,由于……的运气。如:

By accident of birth, he was rich. 他有幸生在富裕家庭。

3. without accident平安无事地。如:

That night passed without accident. 一夜平安无事。

The ship arrived there without accident. 船平安到达那儿。

according

1. according as根据,随……而定(后接从句)。如:

Everyone contributes according as he is able. 每个人根据自己的能力作出贡献。

You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad. 根据你工

作的好坏,你会得到表扬或批评。

According as you are studying now, you won’t make much progress. 根据你现在学习情况来看,你不会有多大的进步。

2. according to

(1) 根据,按照(主要引出状语)。如:

Everything went off according to plan. 一切都按照计划实现了。

according to my watch it is five o’clock. 照我的表,现在是五点钟。

Each man will be paid according to his ability. 每个人将根据他的能力获得报酬。

注:according to 后一般不接view(看法)和opinion(意见)这类词,也不接表示第一人称的代词(me, us)。如:

依我看,这部电影很不错。

正:In my opinion, the film is wonderful.

误:according to my opinion, the film is wonderful.

误:according to me, the film is wonderful.

(2) 合乎,符合(主要引出表语)。如:

It is not according to his nature to give praise. 他本性不喜欢颂扬。

account

1. by(from) all accounts据说,据报道,根据各方面所说。如:

He is a great football player, from all accounts. 据说他是个很不了起的足球运动员。

I’ve never been there but it is, by all accounts, a lovely place. 我从未去过那地方,但听说那地方很好。

2. on account of因为,由于。如:

He couldn’t come on account of his illness. 他因病不能前来。

On account of holiday our store will be closed tomorrow. 由于明天是假日,我们商店停止营业。

3. on all accounts(on every account) 总之,无论如何。如:

On all accounts you must go. 总之,你一定得去。

It is best to stay here on every account. 总之,留在这儿是最好的。

4. on no accounts绝不,无论如何都不。如:

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