Letter to the Editor
E?ect of strain rates on the fracture morphologies of
Zr-based bulk metallic glasses
Xueshan Xiao *,Shoushi Fang,Lei Xia,Weihuo Li,Qin Hua,Yuanda Dong
Institute of Materials,Shanghai University,Yanchang Road 149,Shanghai 200072,People’s Republic of China
Received 20August 2002;received in revised form 25June 2003
Abstract
The e?ect of strain rates from 1·10à4s à1to 2·103s à1on tensile fracture morphologies of Zr 52:5Al 10Ni 10Cu 15Be 12:5,Zr 65Al 10Ni 10Cu 15,and Zr 52:5Al 10Ni 14:6Cu 17:9Ti 5bulk amorphous alloys was investigated by scanning electron micros-copy.The results show that the tensile fracture morphologies of three compositions of bulk amorphous alloys are dependent on strain rate.At low strain rates,the tensile fracture surface morphology of Zr-based bulk metallic glasses presents cleavage veins.However,the morphology will become microvoid-coalescence dimples when the strain rate is high enough.
ó2003Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.
1.Introduction
Recently,several families of multicomponent bulk metallic glasses with ultra-high strength such as La–Al–Ni [1],Zr–Ti–Cu–Ni–Be [2],Mg–Cu–Y [3],Zr–Al–Ni–Cu [4]and Cu–Zr–Ti–Be [5]have been discovered.It is very important from mate-rials science and engineering application points of view to clarify the mechanical failure characteris-tics at various strain rates because many compo-nents experience various mechanical loading in tension or compression during service,which causes the materials to deform at various strain rates.Many researchers [5–9]have studied the
fracture surface morphology in Zr-based or Cu-based bulk metallic glasses in a compressive de-formation mode at strain rates of about 10à4s à1.Bruck et al.[10]mentioned the fracture morphol-ogy of dynamic compression in Zr-based bulk metallic glass at strain rates from 102s à1to 104s à1.All results show that vein-like patterns were ob-served on the fracture surface.However,the tensile fracture morphology of bulk metallic glasses at various strain rates is less reported.So,in this paper,we intend to present the tensile fracture morphology of Zr-based bulk metallic glasses at various strain rates.
2.Experimental methods
Alloy ingots were prepared by arc melting pure metals in a puri?ed argon atmosphere.Zr 65-
*
Corresponding author.Tel.:+86-2156331484;fax:+86-2156335353.
E-mail address:xiaoshab@https://www.doczj.com/doc/7917527941.html, (X.Xiao).
0022-3093/$-see front matter ó2003Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2003.08.053
Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 330(2003)
242–247
https://www.doczj.com/doc/7917527941.html,/locate/jnoncrysol
Al10Ni10Cu15(at.%),Zr52:5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12:5and Zr52:5Al10Ni14:6Cu17:9Ti5bulk metallic glasses were produced using arc-melting apparatus where the pre-alloyed ingot was arc-melted repeatedly and then rapidly cast into a water-cooled copper mold in an argon atmosphere.The three compositions of bulk metallic glasses were machined from the cast cylindrical ingot into specimens with a gauge length of12mm,a thickness of2mm and a width of1.5mm for tensile tests at strain rates from10à4 sà1to100sà1,and that of a gauge length of8mm, a thickness of1.2mm and a width of1.5mm for tensile tests at strain rates from101sà1to103sà1. The amorphous structure was identi?ed by a D/ max-c X-ray di?ractometry using Cu K a radia-tion.Thermal stability was examined by di?eren-tial scanning calorimetry(Perkin–Elmer DSC-7)at a heating rate of0.67k/s.The specimens were fractured with a Shimadzu AG-100KNA auto-graph under tensile strain rate less than1·100sà1 at room temperature while other specimens were fractured with a pneumatic tensile impact tester under tensile strain rate more than1·101sà1.The fracture surface was extensively observed by S-500 scanning electron microscopy(SEM)at20-kV accelerating voltage.
3.Results and discussion
Only a broad peak was observed in the XRD patterns of three compositions of alloys with di-ameters of8mm.The XRD results indicate that the three compositions of alloys are completely of amorphous phases.DSC curves of the three com-positions of alloys exhibit the sequential transition of amorphous solid,glass transition,supercooled liquid and then crystallization shown in Fig.1.The
onset temperature of glass transitioneT onset
g T,the
temperature of glass transitioneT gT,the onset crystallization temperatureeT xT,and the tempera-ture interval of supercooled liquid regioneD T x?
T xàT onset
g Tare651,656,756and105K for Zr65-
Al10Ni10Cu15bulk metallic glass,respectively.For Zr52:5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12:5bulk metallic glass,they are676,689,818and142K,respectively.For Zr52:5Al10Ni14:6Cu17:9Ti5bulk metallic glass,they are678,694,734and56K,respectively.In com-parison with the Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15bulk metallic glass,the addition of Be leads to a signi?cant in-crease in D T x as well as in T g and T x,while the addition of Ti causes a reduction in D T x as well as in T x.
The fracture surface morphology of Zr52:5Al10-Ni10Cu15Be12:5bulk metallic glass at low strain rates in a tensile deformation mode was shown in Fig.2.The typical cleavage veins appear on the fracture surface of the glassy sheets,which could be explained by a localized shear mechanism.The origin of fracture seems to be the center of a shear band as shown on the right of Fig.2(a).Once the localized shear bands form,they would rapidly propagate around with being exerted an outside force.The encounter of the neighbouring shear bands results in the formation of ridgeline.The ridgelines of shear bands are ultimately torn o?, and cause catastrophic failure.This hypothesis could be con?rmed by tensile experiments per-formed on butter that has been placed between glass slides.After the slides are torn apart,cleav-age veins are revealed on the separated surfaces shown in Fig.3.Fig.4shows the fracture surface morphology of Zr52:5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12:5bulk me-tallic glass at high strain rates in a tensile defor-mation mode.It can be seen that the fracture features are obviously changed at high strain rates. At the strain rate of2·103sà1,the morphology that appears on the failure surface is almost made
X.Xiao et al./Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids330(2003)242–247243
up of microvoid-coalescence dimples,which could be explained by a localized melting mechanism.At high tensile strain rates,the fracture process of the materials could be considered to be an adiabatic shearing process.The viscosity of the materials within a shear band is reduced considerably be-cause of adiabatic heating generated by the enor-mous transient plastic deformations within the shear band.As the strain rate is high enough,the viscosity of the materials in the band could be re-duced nearly to that of super-cooled liquid of bulk metallic glasses.The materials in the band change into viscid matter like ?sticky rice block –a block by having the mixture of sticky rice powder and water cooked ?which can be observed on
the
Fig.2.The fracture surface morphology of Zr 52:5Al 10Ni 10Cu 15Be 12:5bulk metallic glass at low strain rates in a tensile deformation mode:(a)1·10à4s à1and (b)1·10à1s à1
.
Fig.3.Photograph of the separated surfaces between glass slides performed on butter in the tensile experiment.
244X.Xiao et al./Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 330(2003)242–247
fracture surface as shown on the right of Fig.4(b).In the meantime,the materials are torn apart with being exerted an outside force.This is the reason that microvoid-coalescence dimples and ridges can be seen on the fracture surface of the material at high strain rates.
The fracture surface morphology of Zr 65Al 10-Ni 10Cu 15bulk metallic glass in a tensile deforma-tion mode is shown in Fig.5.The fracture surface at a strain rate of 1·10à4s à1shown in Fig.5(a)takes on cleavage veins,but the ridges and veins are higher than those observed on the fracture surface of Zr 52:5Al 10Ni 10Cu 15Be 12:5bulk metallic glass.A lot of microvoid-coalescence dimples and ?sticky rice blocks ?appear on the fracture surface at a strain rate of 6·102s à1(see Fig.5(b))while they did not occur below this strain rate.The transition behavior of the fracture surface mor-phology for Zr 52:5Al 10Ni 14:6Cu 17:9Ti 5bulk metallic glass in a tensile deformation mode occurs at a strain rate of about 3·102s à1.A lot of microvoid-coalescence dimples and ?sticky rice blocks ?also appear on the fracture surface as shown in Fig.6,which is almost similar to Fig.5(b).To sum up the above description,the fracture surface morpho-logies of Zr-based bulk metallic glasses will
grad-
Fig.4.The fracture surface morphology of Zr 52:5Al 10Ni 10Cu 15Be 12:5bulk metallic glass at high strain rates in a tensile deformation mode:(a)6·102s à1and (b)2·103s à1.
X.Xiao et al./Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 330(2003)242–247245
ually change from cleavage veins to microvoid-coalescence dimples with the increase of tensile strain rates,but the change of the fracture surface morphologies in a tensile deformation mode for three compositions of alloys occurs at di?erent strain rates.The fracture surface morphology of Zr 52:5Al 10Ni 10Cu 15Be 12:5bulk metallic glass chan-ges at higher strain rates,which may be due to the increase of thermal stability resulted from the ad-
dition of Be (see Fig.1(a)).And the fracture sur-face morphology of Zr 52:5Al 10Ni 14:6Cu 17:9Ti 5bulk metallic glass changes at lower strain rates,which may be due to the decrease of thermal stability resulted from the addition of Ti (see Fig.1(c)).
4.Conclusions
The tensile fracture surface morphologies of three compositions of Zr-based bulk metallic glasses at various strain rates were extensively observed by SEM.At low strain rates,on the tensile fracture surface of Zr-based bulk metallic glasses,the typical morphology is vein-like pattern that is similar to that observed in other metallic glasses.However,the morphology will become microvoid-coalescence dimples when strain rate is high enough.The ?sticky rice block ?appears on the fracture surface at high strain rates due to local melting.With the increase of tensile strain rates,the fracture mode of Zr-based bulk metallic glasses changes from local shearing to local melting.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Professor Wang Weihua for using his laboratory facilities
in
Fig.6.The fracture surface morphology of Zr 52:5Al 10Ni 14:6-Cu 17:9Ti 5bulk metallic glass at a strain rate of 3·102s à1in a tensile deformation
mode.
Fig.5.The fracture surface morphology of Zr 65Al 10Ni 10Cu 15bulk metallic glass in a tensile deformation mode:(a)1·10à4s à1and (b)6·102s à1.
246X.Xiao et al./Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 330(2003)242–247
sample preparation.The authors are grateful for the?nancial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.50201009, 59971028and50031010).
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高中英语~词性~句子成分~语法构成 第一章节：英语句子中的词性 1.名词：n. 名词是指事物的名称，在句子中主要作主语.宾语.表语.同位语。 2.形容词;adj. 形容词是指对名词进行修饰~限定~描述~的成份，主要作定语.表语.。形容词在汉语中是（的）.其标志是: ous. Al .ful .ive。. 3.动词：vt. 动词是指主语发出的一个动作，一般用来作谓语。 4.副词：adv. 副词是指表示动作发生的地点. 时间. 条件. 方式. 原因. 目的. 结果.伴随让步. 一般用来修饰动词. 形容词。副词在汉语中是（地）.其标志是：ly。 5.代词：pron. 代词是指用来代替名词的词，名词所能担任的作用，代词也同样.代词主要用来作主语. 宾语. 表语. 同位语。 6.介词：prep.介词是指表示动词和名次关系的词，例如：in on at of about with for to。其特征：
介词后的动词要用—ing形式。介词加代词时，代词要用宾格。例如：give up her（him）这种形式是正确的，而give up she（he）这种形式是错误的。 7.冠词：冠词是指修饰名词，表名词泛指或特指。冠词有a an the 。 8.叹词：叹词表示一种语气。例如：OH. Ya 等 9.连词：连词是指连接两个并列的成分，这两个并列的成分可以是两个词也可以是两个句子。例如：and but or so 。 10.数词：数词是指表示数量关系词，一般分为基数词和序数词 第二章节：英语句子成分 主语：动作的发出者，一般放在动词前或句首。由名词. 代词. 数词. 不定时. 动名词. 或从句充当。 谓语：指主语发出来的动作，只能由动词充当，一般紧跟在主语后面。 宾语：指动作的承受着，一般由代词. 名词. 数词. 不定时. 动名词. 或从句充当. 介词后面的成分也叫介词宾语。 定语：只对名词起限定修饰的成分，一般由形容
M A: Has the case been closed yet? B: No, the magistrate still needs to decide the outcome. magistrate n.地方行政官，地方法官，治安官 A: I am unable to read the small print in the book. B: It seems you need to magnify it. magnify vt.１．放大，扩大；２．夸大，夸张 A: That was a terrible storm. B: Indeed, but it is too early to determine the magnitude of the damage. magnitude n.１．重要性，重大；２．巨大，广大 A: A young fair maiden like you shouldn’t be single. B: That is because I am a young fair independent maiden. maiden n.少女，年轻姑娘，未婚女子 a.首次的，初次的 A: You look majestic sitting on that high chair. B: Yes, I am pretending to be the king! majestic a.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，高贵的 A: Please cook me dinner now. B: Yes, your majesty, I’m at your service. majesty n.１．［Ｍ－］陛下（对帝王，王后的尊称）；２．雄伟，壮丽，庄严 A: Doctor, I traveled to Africa and I think I caught malaria. B: Did you take any medicine as a precaution? malaria n.疟疾 A: I hate you! B: Why are you so full of malice? malice n.恶意，怨恨 A: I’m afraid that the test results have come back and your lump is malignant. B: That means it’s serious, doesn’t it, doctor? malignant a.１．恶性的，致命的；２．恶意的，恶毒的 A: I’m going shopping in the mall this afternoon, want to join me? B: No, thanks, I have plans already. mall n.（由许多商店组成的）购物中心 A: That child looks very unhealthy. B: Yes, he does not have enough to eat. He is suffering from malnutrition.
意见应以事实为根据. 3 来自辞典例句 192. The bombers swooped ( down ) onthe air base. 轰炸机 突袭 空军基地. 来自辞典例句 193. He mounted their engines on a rubber base. 他把他们的发动机装在一个橡胶垫座上. 14 来自辞典例句 194. The column stands on a narrow base. 柱子竖立在狭窄的地基上. 14 来自辞典例句 195. When one stretched it, it looked like grey flakes on the carvas base. 你要是把它摊直, 看上去就象好一些灰色的粉片落在帆布底子上. 18 来自辞典例句 196. Economic growth and human well - being depend on the natural resource base that supports all living systems. 经济增长和人类的福利依赖于支持所有生命系统的自然资源. 12 1 来自辞典例句 197. The base was just a smudge onthe untouched hundred - mile coast of Manila Bay. 那基地只是马尼拉湾一百英里长安然无恙的海岸线上一个硝烟滚滚的污点. 6 来自辞典例句 198. You can't base an operation on the presumption that miracles are going to happen. 你不能把行动计划建筑在可能出现奇迹的假想基础上.
英语造句大全English sentence 在句子中，更好的记忆单词！ 1、(1)、able adj. 能 句子：We are able to live under the sea in the future. (2)、ability n. 能力 句子：Most school care for children of different abilities. (3)、enable v. 使。。。能句子：This pass enables me to travel half-price on trains. 2、(1)、accurate adj. 精确的句子：We must have the accurate calculation. (2)、accurately adv. 精确地 句子：His calculation is accurately. 3、(1)、act v. 扮演 句子：He act the interesting character. （2）、actor n. 演员 句子：He was a famous actor. (3)、actress n. 女演员 句子：She was a famous actress. (4)、active adj. 积极的 句子：He is an active boy. 4、add v. 加 句子：He adds a little sugar in the milk. 5、advantage n. 优势 句子：His advantage is fight. 6、age 年龄n. 句子：His age is 15. 7、amusing 娱人的adj. 句子：This story is amusing. 8、angry 生气的adj. 句子：He is angry. 9、America 美国n.
主语+谓语 1. 理解主谓结构 1) The students arrived. The students arrived at the park. 2) They are listening. They are listening to the music. 3) The disaster happened. 2．体会状语的位置 1) Tom always works hard. 2) Sometimes I go to the park at weekends.. 3) The girl cries very often. 4) We seldom come here. The disaster happened to the poor family. 3. 多个状语的排列次序 1) He works. 2) He works hard. 3) He always works hard. 4) He always works hard in the company. 5) He always works hard in the company recently. 6) He always works hard in the company recently because he wants to get promoted. 4. 写作常用不及物动词 1. ache My head aches. I’m aching all over. 2. agree agree with sb. about sth. agree to do sth. 3. apologize to sb. for sth. 4. appear (at the meeting, on the screen) 5. arrive at / in 6. belong to 7. chat with sb. about sth. 8. come (to …) 9. cry 10. dance 11. depend on /upon 12. die 13. fall 14. go to … 15. graduate from 16. … happen 17. laugh 18. listen to... 19. live 20. rise 21. sit 22. smile 23. swim 24. stay (at home / in a hotel) 25. work 26. wait for 汉译英： 1.昨天我去了电影院。 2.我能用英语跟外国人自由交谈。 3.晚上7点我们到达了机场。 4.暑假就要到了。 5.现在很多老人独自居住。 6.老师同意了。 7.刚才发生了一场车祸。 8.课上我们应该认真听讲。9. 我们的态度很重要。 10. 能否成功取决于你的态度。 11. 能取得多大进步取决于你付出多少努力。 12. 这个木桶能盛多少水取决于最短的一块板子的长度。
【it's time to和it's time for】 ——————这其实是一个句型,只不过后面要跟不同的东西. ——————It's time to跟的是不定式（to do）.也就是说,要跟一个动词,意思是“到做某事的时候了”.如： It's time to go home. It's time to tell him the truth. ——————It's time for 跟的是名词.也就是说,不能跟动词.如： It's time for lunch.(没必要说It's time to have lunch) It's time for class.(没必要说It's time to begin the class.) They can't wait to see you Please ask liming to study tonight. Please ask liming not to play computer games tonight. Don’t make/let me to smoke I can hear/see you dance at the stage You had better go to bed early. You had better not watch tv It’s better to go to bed early It’s best to run in the morning I am enjoy running with music. With 表伴随听音乐 I already finish studying You should keep working. You should keep on studying English Keep calm and carry on 保持冷静继续前行二战开始前英国皇家政府制造的海报名字 I have to go on studying I feel like I am flying I have to stop playing computer games and stop to go home now I forget/remember to finish my homework. I forget/remember cleaning the classroom We keep/percent/stop him from eating more chips I prefer orange to apple I prefer to walk rather than run I used to sing when I was young What’s wrong with you There have nothing to do with you I am so busy studying You are too young to na?ve I am so tired that I have to go to bed early
《The Kite Runner》追风筝的人--------------------------------美句摘抄 1.I can still see Hassan up on that tree, sunlight flickering through the leaves on his almost perfectly round face, a face like a Chinese doll chiseled from hardwood: his flat, broad nose and slanting, narrow eyes like bamboo leaves, eyes that looked, depending on the light, gold, green even sapphire 翻译：我依然能记得哈桑坐在树上的样子，阳光穿过叶子，照着他那浑圆的脸庞。他的脸很像木头刻成的中国娃娃，鼻子大而扁平，双眼眯斜如同竹叶，在不同光线下会显现出金色、绿色，甚至是宝石蓝。 E.g.: A shadow of disquiet flickering over his face. 2.Never told that the mirror, like shooting walnuts at the neighbor's dog, was always my idea. 翻译：从来不提镜子、用胡桃射狗其实都是我的鬼主意。E.g.:His secret died with him, for he never told anyone. 3.We would sit across from each other on a pair of high
一、翻译 1. The idea of consciously seeking out a special title was new to me., but not without appeal. 让我自己挑选自己最喜欢的书籍这个有意思的想法真的对我具有吸引力。 2.I was plunged into the aching tragedy of the Holocaust, the extraordinary clash of good, represented by the one decent man, and evil. 我陷入到大屠杀悲剧的痛苦之中，一个体面的人所代表的善与恶的猛烈冲击之中。 3.I was astonished by the the great power a novel could contain. I lacked the vocabulary to translate my feelings into words. 我被这部小说所包含的巨大能量感到震惊。我无法用语言来表达我的感情（心情）。 4，make sth. long to short长话短说 5.I learned that summer that reading was not the innocent(简单的) pastime(消遣) I have assumed it to be., not a breezy, instantly forgettable escape in the hammock(吊床)，( though I’ ve enjoyed many of those too ). I discovered that a book, if it arrives at the right moment, in the proper season, will change the course of all that follows. 那年夏天，我懂得了读书不是我认为的简单的娱乐消遣，也不只是躺在吊床上，一阵风吹过就忘记的消遣。我发现如果在适宜的时间、合适的季节读一本书的话，他将能改变一个人以后的人生道路。 二、词组造句 1. on purpose 特意，故意 This is especially true here, and it was ~. (这一点在这里尤其准确，并且他是故意的) 2.think up 虚构，编造，想出 She has thought up a good idea. 她想出了一个好的主意。 His story was thought up. 他的故事是编出来的。 3. in the meantime 与此同时 助记：in advance 事前in the meantime 与此同时in place 适当地... In the meantime, what can you do? 在这期间您能做什么呢？ In the meantime, we may not know how it works, but we know that it works. 在此期间，我们不知道它是如何工作的，但我们知道，它的确在发挥作用。 4.as though 好像，仿佛 It sounds as though you enjoyed Great wall. 这听起来好像你喜欢长城。 5. plunge into 使陷入 He plunged the room into darkness by switching off the light. 他把灯一关，房
The effective sentences:(improve the sentences!) 1.She hopes to spend this holiday either in Shanghai or in Suzhou. 2.Showing/to show sincerity and to keep/keeping promises are the basic requirements of a real friend. 3.I want to know the space of this house and when it was built. I want to know how big this house is and when it was built. I want to know the space of this house and the building time of the house. 4.In the past ten years,Mr.Smith has been a waiter,a tour guide,and taught English. In the past ten years,Mr.Smith has been a waiter,a tour guide,and an English teacher. 5.They are sweeping the floor wearing masks. They are sweeping the floor by wearing masks. wearing masks,They are sweeping the floor. 6.the drivers are told to drive carefully on the radio. the drivers are told on the radio to drive carefully 7.I almost spent two hours on this exercises. I spent almost two hours on this exercises. 8.Checking carefully,a serious mistake was found in the design. Checking carefully,I found a serious mistake in the design.
M1 U1 一. 把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）： add up (to) be concerned about go through set down a series of on purpose in order to according to get along with fall in love (with) join in have got to hide away face to face 1 We’ve chatted online for some time but we have never met ___________. 2 It is nearly 11 o’clock yet he is not back. His mother ____________ him. 3 The Lius ___________ hard times before liberation. 4 ____________ get a good mark I worked very hard before the exam. 5 I think the window was broken ___________ by someone. 6 You should ___________ the language points on the blackboard. They are useful. 7 They met at Tom’s party and later on ____________ with each other. 8 You can find ____________ English reading materials in the school library. 9 I am easy to be with and _____________my classmates pretty well. 10 They __________ in a small village so that they might not be found. 11 Which of the following statements is not right ____________ the above passage? 12 It’s getting dark. I ___________ be off now. 13 More than 1,000 workers ___________ the general strike last week. 14 All her earnings _____________ about 3,000 yuan per month. 二.用以下短语造句： 1.go through 2. no longer/ not… any longer 3. on purpose 4. calm… down 5. happen to 6. set down 7. wonder if 三. 翻译： 1.曾经有段时间，我对学习丧失了兴趣。（there was a time when…） 2. 这是我第一次和她交流。（It is/was the first time that …注意时态） 3.他昨天公园里遇到的是他的一个老朋友。（强调句） 4. 他是在知道真相之后才意识到错怪女儿了。（强调句） M 1 U 2 一. 把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）： play a …role (in) because of come up such as even if play a …part (in) 1 Dujiangyan(都江堰) is still ___________in irrigation(灌溉) today. 2 That question ___________ at yesterday’s meeting. 3 Karl Marx could speak a few foreign languages, _________Russian and English. 4 You must ask for leave first __________ you have something very important. 5 The media _________ major ________ in influencing people’s opinion s. 6 _________ years of hard work she looked like a woman in her fifties. 二.用以下短语造句： 1.make (good/full) use of 2. play a(n) important role in 3. even if 4. believe it or not 5. such as 6. because of
English sentence 1、(1)、able adj. 能 句子：We are able to live under the sea in the future. (2)、ability n. 能力 句子：Most school care for children of different abilities. (3)、enable v. 使。。。能 句子：This pass enables me to travel half-price on trains. 2、(1)、accurate adj. 精确的 句子：We must have the accurate calculation. (2)、accurately adv. 精确地 句子：His calculation is accurately. 3、(1)、act v. 扮演 句子：He act the interesting character.（2）、actor n. 演员 句子：He was a famous actor. (3)、actress n. 女演员 句子：She was a famous actress. (4)、active adj. 积极的 句子：He is an active boy. 4、add v. 加 句子：He adds a little sugar in the milk. 5、advantage n. 优势 句子：His advantage is fight. 6、age 年龄n. 句子：His age is 15. 7、amusing 娱人的adj. 句子：This story is amusing. 8、angry 生气的adj. 句子：He is angry. 9、America 美国n. 句子：He is in America. 10、appear 出现v. He appears in this place. 11. artist 艺术家n. He is an artist. 12. attract 吸引 He attracts the dog. 13. Australia 澳大利亚 He is in Australia. 14.base 基地 She is in the base now. 15.basket 篮子 His basket is nice. 16.beautiful 美丽的 She is very beautiful. 17.begin 开始 He begins writing. 18.black 黑色的 He is black. 19.bright 明亮的 His eyes are bright. 20.good 好的 He is good at basketball. 21.British 英国人 He is British. 22.building 建造物 The building is highest in this city 23.busy 忙的 He is busy now. 24.calculate 计算 He calculates this test well. 25.Canada 加拿大 He borns in Canada. 26.care 照顾 He cared she yesterday. 27.certain 无疑的 They are certain to succeed. 28.change 改变 He changes the system. 29.chemical 化学药品