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新概念第一册讲解

Lesson 1 Excuse me!

[词汇](11)

excuse v. 原谅

me pron. 我(宾格)

yes adv. 是的

is v. be动词现在时第三人称单数

this pron. 这

your possessive adjective 你的,你们的

handbag n.(女用)手提包

pardon int. 原谅,请再说一遍

it pron. 它

thank you 感谢你(们)

very much 非常地

★Excuse me.

1、引起对方注意时

2、常用于与陌生人搭话,打断别人的说话或从别人身边挤过,或在某个聚会中突然中途要离开一会儿时

Excuse us for a moment. 对不起,让我们单独聊会。

sorry 对不起,用于对别人有伤害时

★me pron. 我(宾格)

人称代词:

主格:用在句首,作主语

宾格:在动词、介词之后

形容词性的物主代词:不能单独使用

名词性物主代词:只能单独使用

★is v. be动词现在时第三人称单数

be动词:am、is、are

I am

she/ he/ it is

you/ we/ they are

Pardon?/ I beg your pardon. 请求对方把刚才讲过的话重复一遍。

[语法]

含有be动词的陈述句、否定句和一般疑问句

含有be动词的任何句子,否定句就是在be动词后面加not;如果变一般疑问句,就把be动词提前到句子的前面。

[课文]

Excuse me.

Yes?

Is this your handbag?

Pardon?

Is this your handbag?

Yes, it is.

Thank you very much.

Lesson 2 Is this your…?

[词汇](10)

pen n.钢笔

pencil n.铅笔

book n.书

watch n.手表

coat n.上衣,外衣

dress n.连衣裙

skirt n.裙子

shirt n.衬衣

car n.小汽车

house n.房子

★dress

① n. 连衣裙;套裙

②n. 服装,衣服

casual dress 便服

evening dress 晚礼服

★house n.房子

house 房子,一般指独立的院落,更具体的指房子的建筑,结构

family 侧重家庭的成员

There are four people in my family. 在我家里有四口人。

home 抽象的家的概念

home road 《我的父亲母亲》

Lesson 3 Sorry, sir.

[词汇](10)

umbrella n.伞

please int.请

here adv.这里

my possessive adjective 我的

ticket n.票

number n.号码

five num.五

sorry adj.对不起的

sir n.先生

cloakroom n.衣帽存放处

★here adv.这里

地点副词:(在英语中,时间副词、地点副词的前面不能加介词)

here 这里there 那儿

home 家(副词,名词)abroad 国外

downstairs 楼底下upstairs 楼上

downtown 市中心

★five num.五

one,two,three,four,five,sir,seven,eight,nine,ten

★sir n.先生

①对不相识的男子、年长者或上级的尊称

What can I do for you, sir? 先生,您要买什么?

②sir通常用于正式信函开头的称呼:

Dear Sir

③Sir可用于有爵士称号者的名字或姓名前,但不用于姓氏前。

madam:女士,夫人

Mr.:先生

Mrs.:夫人(已婚的)

Miss:小姐,一般用于指末婚女子,不过在不知道对方是否已婚时也可使用(两种发音:[mis] 已婚未婚均可;[miz]即不愿意被称为已婚,又不愿意被称为未婚)

mister:加在男性的姓氏前面

gentleman 绅士,对男性比较有礼貌的称呼,在公众场合最得体的称呼

lady 女士

ladies and gentlemen

Lady first.

boy 在美语中不正式的称呼 girl 女孩

male 男性female 女性

man 男人 woman 妇女

[语法]

祈使句:

祈使句:主语通常不直接表示出来,其谓语动词用原型,也叫无主句。表示命令、请求、建议、叮嘱等。祈使句真正的主语是你,但省略了。

My umbrella and my coat please. 省略了动词和间接宾语的祈使句。

Keep off the grass! 请勿践踏草地!

Help yourself! 请自己动手!

某些祈使动词可以后跟and和另一个祈使动词,而不是后跟带to的动词不定式结构。

Come and see this goldfish.

Go and buy yourself a new pair of shoes.

去给自己买双新鞋吧。

Wait and see. 等着瞧吧。

倒装句:

here is 是简单的倒装句,be 动词放在 here 的后面,这个句式就可以成为简单的倒装句式。

My ticket is here. 我的票在这。

Here is my ticket. / Here's my ticket.

[课文]

My coat and my umbrella please.

Here is my ticket.

Thank you, sir.

Number five.

Here's your umbrella and your coat.

This is not my umbrella.

Sorry, sir.

Is this your umbrella?

No, it isn't.

Is this it?

Yes, it is.

Thank you very much.

Lesson 4 Is this your…?

[词汇](5)

suit n.一套衣服

teacher n.老师

son n.儿子

daughter n.女儿

Lesson 5 Nice to meet you.

[词汇](14)

Mr. 先生

good adj.好

morning n.早晨

Miss 小姐

new adj.新的

student n.学生

French adj.&n.法国人

German adj.&n.德国人

nice adj.美好的

meet v.遇见

Japanese adj.&n.日本人

Korean adj.&n.韩国人

Chinese adj&n.中国人

too adv.也

★nice adj.美好的

①adj. 美好的,好看的

It’s a nice day today, isn’t it?

②adj. 和蔼的,友好的

He is very nice to his neighbours.

③adj. 使人高兴的,令人愉快的

It is so nice to have you here.

[语法]

冠词:

冠词数量上表示“一个”。冠词一共有三个,分为不定冠词和定冠词。

1、a, an 是不定冠词:可数名词单数前面必须要用不定冠词

a 用在以辅音音素开头的名词前面,an 用于以元音音素(元音发音的单词)开头的名词前面

a pen an apple an umbrella an egg an hour a university

2、the 是定冠词,表示特指,有两种发音:[??]、[???],以元音发音开头的单词前面读[???]。当想使听话者特别注意the后面的名词时,the就读为[???],意思是“这一个而且只是这一个”或“主要是这一个”。

定冠词的用法:

①特指名词(即以说话人或听话人已知的人或物为前提)时,用the

There is an apple on the desk. The apple is mine.

②在专有特殊名词时,用the

the Great Wall,the Summer Palace,the Forbidden City(紫禁城),the sun

③在国家前不用冠词,特例国家除外

the United States of America

[课文]

MR. BLAKE: Good morning.

STUDENTS: Good morning, Mr. Blake.

MR. BLAKE: This is Miss Sophie Dupont.

Sophie is a new student. She is French.

MR. BLAKE: Sophie, this is Hans. He is German.

HANS: Nice to meet you.

MR. BLAKE: And this is Naoko. She's Japanese.

NAOKO: Nice to meet you.

MR. BLAKE: And this is Chang-woo. He's Korean.

CHANG-WOO: Nice to meet you.

MR. BLAKE: And this is Luming. He is Chinese.

LUMNG: Nice to meet you.

MR. BLAKE: And this is Xiaohui. She's Chinese, too.

XIAOHUI: Nice to meet you.

[课文注释]

1、英语国家中的姓名通常由三部分组成:名+中间名+姓。一般不用中间姓,在熟人之间以名相称,正式场合用Mr.、Mrs.、Miss(小姐)或Ms.(女士)加姓相称。

2、Nice to meet you.

用于初次与同学、朋友见面等非正式的场合,一般回答Nice to meet you, too.

正式场合常用How do you do?回答也是How do you do?

Lesson 6 What make is it?

[词汇](13)

make n.(产品)牌号

Swedish adj.瑞典的

English adj.英国的

American adj.美国的

Italian adj.意大利的

Volvo [ ??●???] n.沃尔沃(Swedish)

Peugeot n.标致(French)

Mercedes [ ?????????] n.梅赛德斯(German)

Toyota n.丰田(Japanese)

Mini n.迷你(English)

Ford n.福特(American)

Fiat [????? ??????] n.菲亚特(Italian)

★make n.(产品的)牌子;类型,型号;式样

What make is your watch?

Her dress is of Italian make. 她的连衣裙是意大利式的

★English adj. 英国(人)的;英格兰(人)的;英国化的

John is very English. 约翰生活行事非常英国化。

[语法]

选择疑问句:

选择疑问句:在两者或三者中进行选择,用特殊颖问词or进行连接。选择疑问句词调一般是前升后降,选择疑问句的回答必须要用完整的句子回答。

Is she a Chinese teacher or a Japanese teacher?

She isn't a Chinese teacher. She's a Japanese teacher.

Lesson 7 Are you a teacher?

[词汇](10)

I pron. 我

am v. be动词现在时的第一人称单数

are v. be动词现在时复数

name n. 名字

what adj.& pron. 什么

nationality n. 国籍

job n. 工作

keyboard n. 电脑键盘

operator n. 操作人员

engineer n. 工程师

★nationality n. 国籍

nation n. 国家

national adj. 国家的,民族的

nationality n. 国籍

person n. 人

personal adj. 个人的

personality n. 人品人格

★job[????] n. 工作

What is your job?

② n. (一件)工作,话计

The whole job takes about 40 minutes.

③n. 职责

It’s your job to be on time.

work [????] n. 工作,广义的概念,泛指的劳动

working class 工人阶级

★keyboard n. 电脑键盘

key [ ??] n. 钥匙

board [????] n. 木板

blackboard n. 黑板

★operator n. 操作人员

-or 字母组合,表示某种人actor n. 男演员

[语法]

特殊疑问句:

特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

特殊疑问词:what、where 、who 、when、which、why 、whom、how、how many、how much、how long、how far、how often、how soon

what可以用来询问名字、国籍、工作、颜色、型号等:

What make is it? 它是什么牌子?

What color is it? 它是什么颜色的?

What nationality…?

What time is it?

What size is this skirt?

一般疑问句:

Be动词+…

Do/Does/Did+…

Have/Has/Had+…

Can及情态动词(must、need、may…)

1、所有一般疑问句必须要用升调来读

2、一般疑问句可以用简单的Yes/No来回答

3、所有一般疑问句用什么来问的就用什么来答

[课文]

ROBERT: I am a new student.

My name's Robert.

SOPHIE: Nice to meet you. My name's Sophie.

SOPHIE: Yes, I am.

Are you French, too?

ROBERT: No, I am not.

SOPHIE: What nationality are you?

ROBERT: I'm Italian.

Are you a teacher?

SOPHIE: No, I'm not.

ROBERT: What's your job?

SOPHIE: I'm a keyboard operator.

What's your job?

ROBERT: I'm an engineer.

[课文注解]

1、Are you French, too?

too和either两个词都表示“也”的意思,too用于肯定句和疑问句中,either仅限用于否定句中。too和either一般放在句末,且前面通常用逗号隔开。

2、Wha nationality are you?

用于询问对方国藉,相当于Where are you from?或Where do you come from?

3、What’s your job?

询问对方从事何种职业也可以说:What do you do?

Lesson 8 What's your job?

[词汇](10)

policeman [???●??????] n. 警察

policewoman [???●?????????] n.女警察

taxi driver [ ?????????????] n. 出租汽车司机

air hostess [??????◆????] n. 空中小姐

postman [ ????????] n. 邮递员

nurse [????] n. 护士

mechanic [????????] n. 机械师

hairdresser [ ????????] n. 理发师

housewife [ ????????] n. 家庭妇女

milkman [ ??●????] n. 送牛奶的人

★nurse [????] n. 护士

①n. 护士;照料者

②v. 照料;照看

All her time goes into nursing her child.

③v. 养护;培养

nurse a young tree 养护树苗

nurse an author of promise 培养有前途的作家

Lesson 9 How are you today?

[词汇](9)

hello int. 喂(表示问候)

hi int. 喂,嗨

how adv. 怎样

today adv. 今天

well adj. 身体好

fine adj. 美好的

thanks int. 谢谢

goodbye int. 再见

see v. 见

★how adv. 怎样

How about that? 怎么会这样?那一个怎么样?

How come?=Why? 为什么?

How goes it? = How is it going? 事情进展如何?

★fine adj. 美好的

①健康的;舒适的

②极好的,优秀的

a fine view 美好的景色

③优雅的,雅致的

He is a man with fine manners. 他是一个举止优雅的男人。

★see v. 见

see 表示看见的结果

look 表示看的动作

look at sth. look out of the window look into my eyes

watch 观看移动的一些东西watch TV

[语法]

How …?的一些社交上的用法:

1、用于询问健康状况或一般生活情况:

How are you? /How have you been? 你一向可好?

2、How do you do ?是正式介绍中的一句套话,从不用来询问健康。

3、How经常用在询问目前状况的疑问句里:

How are things? 情况怎样?

How’s work? 工作怎么样?

形容词的意义与作用:

1、形容词修饰名词所指的人、物等,说明人、物等是什么样或看上去是什么样的。

2、许多形容词可用以回答What’s…like?这样的问题,并可根据上下文给出笼统或确切的信息。

What’s Tom like?He’s very fat.

3、英语中形容词作定语时一般置于名词之前。

[课文]

STEVEN: Hello, Helen.

HELEN: Hi, Steven.

STEVEN: How are you today?

HELEN: I'm very well, thank you. And you?

STEVEN: I'm fine, thanks.

How is Tony?

HELEN: He's fine, thanks.

How's Emma?

STEVEN: She's very well, too, Helen.

Goodbye, Helen. Nice to see you.

HELEN: Nice to see you, too, Steven.

Goodbye.

Lesson 10 Look at…

[词汇](13)

fat adj. 胖的

woman n. 女人

thin adj. 瘦的

tall adj. 高的

short adj. 矮的

dirty adj. 脏的

clean adj. 干净的

hot adj. 热的

cold adj. 冷的

old adj. 老的

young adj. 年轻的

busy adj. 忙的

lazy adj. 懒的

★look

Look carefully before you cross the street.

过马路前要仔细看清来往车辆。

②面向,朝向

The room looks on the sea. 房间面向大海。

Two windows look to the south. 两扇窗子朝南。

Lesson 11 Is this your shirt?

[词汇](5)

whose pron. 谁的

blue adj. 蓝色的

perhaps adv. 大概

white adj. 白色的

catch v. 抓住

★whose pron. 谁的

whose(特殊疑问词):用于询问所有关系。对形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、名词所有格的两种情况(形容词性和名词性)进行提问。

★blue adj. 蓝色的

①蓝色的,蔚蓝的

②沮丧的,忧郁的

His mood is blue. 他的情绪低落。

He looks a bit blue. 他看上去有点儿忧郁。

★catch v. 抓住

①v. 接住,拦住

②v. 逮住,捕获catch a thief

③v. 染上(疾病)

I have caught a bad cold. 我得了重感冒。

[语法]

所有格形容词和所有格代词:

所有格形容词与所有格代词都表示所有,即某人或某物属于某一个人,回答以whose引导的问句。所有格形容词my、your等是限定词,必须始终放在名词之前,只能作定语,它们的形式取决于所有者,而不是被拥有的东西。所有格代词mine、yours等不能用在名词前,并且在说话时要加重语气,它们指人或物,单数或复数都一样,在句中作主语、宾语、表语用。

I have my way, and she has hers.

名词所有格:

名词所有格与名词有关(与所有格形容词和所有格代词有关),名词+’s:表示……的,如:Tim's、Jones'、boss's。

名词所有格有两种属性:形容词性、名词性

This shirt is Tim's. (名词性)

[课文]

TEACHER: Whose shirt is that?

Is this your shirt, Dave?

DAVE: No. Sir. It's not my shirt.

This is my shirt. My shirt's blue.

TEACHER: Is this shirt Tim's?

DAVE: Perhaps it is, sir. Tim's shirt's white.

TEACHER: Tim!

TIM: Yes, sir?

TEACHER: Is this your shirt?

TIM: Yes, sir.

TEACHER: Here you are. Catch!

TIM: Thank you, sir.

[课文注解]

Here you are. 给你

这是给对方东西时的用语,也可用Here it is.或Here they are.(指复数的物)。句中的are和is一般应重读。

Lesson 12 Whose is this…? This is my/your/his/her…

Whose is that…? That is my/your/his/her…

[词汇](8)

father n. 父亲

mother n. 母亲

blouse n. 女衬衫

sister n. 姐,妹

tie n. 领带

brother n. 兄,弟

his possessive adjective. 他的

her possessive adjective. 她的

Lesson 13 A new dress

[词汇](8)

colour n. 颜色=color(美)

green adj. 绿色

come v. 来

upstairs adj. 楼上

smart adj. 时髦的,巧妙的

hat n. 帽子

same adj. 相同的

lovely adj. 可爱的

★colour n. 颜色=color(美)

what colour is…?

What make is …? 什么车牌?

★come v. 来

come on:快点来;拜托,得了吧;过来

Come on. I’m not 18 years old again. 拜托,得了吧。

go:去,加油

★smart adj. 时髦的,巧妙的

①漂亮的,时髦的,巧妙的

You look smart in that new dress.

②聪明的,伶俐的,精明的

He is a smart businessman.

LOUISE: What colour's your new dress?

ANNA: It's green.

Come upstairs and see it.

LOUISE: Thank you.

ANNA: Look! Here it is!

LOUISE: That's a nice dress.

It's very smart.

ANNA: My hat's new, too.

LOUISE: What colour is it?

ANNA: It's the same colour.

It's green, too.

LOUISE: That is a lovely hat!

[课文注释]

It’s the same colour. 一样的颜色。

same通常与定冠词the连用,表示“同一的”、“相同的”

two boys of the same age 两个同龄的男孩子

Lesson 14 What colour's your…? [词汇](3)

case n. 箱子

carpet n. 地毯

dog n. 狗

Lesson 15 Your passport, please.

[词汇](9)

customs n. 海关

officer n. 官员

girl n. 女孩,姑娘

Danish adj.& n. 丹麦人

friend n. 朋友

Norwegian adj.& n. 挪威人

passport n. 护照

brown adj. 棕色的

tourist [ ] n. 旅游者

★customs n. 海关

customs,Customs n. [复]海关;征收关税的程序

The spy was stopped at the Customs and questioned.

custom n. 风俗,习惯

When risiting a foreign country, we might find the country’s customs strange to us.

It is his custom to go for a walk in the evening.

★friend n. 朋友

friend:朋友(正式)

pal:好友,伙伴(随意)

buddy:伙伴,朋友(随意)

friendship:友谊

A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难之交才是真朋友。

★tourist n. 旅游者

tour n. 观光,旅游

tour guide 导游

travel n. 旅行(泛指)

traveler n. 旅行者

trip v.&n. 旅行(短途)

[语法]

名词:

名词有五种:

1、普通名词(可数名词):a pen、a book

2、物质名词(不可数名词):water、milk

3、专有名词:Mt. Tai(泰山)、the Great Wall(长城)、Summer Palace(颐和园)

4、集体名词:police、people、family

5、抽象名词:beauty、wisdom

可数名词单数变复数的规则:

1、普通的名词后边直接加s

a book/ two books

加-s 后的读音[?] [ ] [??]

2、以辅音字母加y 结尾的单词要把y 变i 加es

baby -> babies

3、以-ch -sh -x -s -z 结尾的单词要加-es 读音为[??]

4、以f 或fe 结尾的单词要变为ves

knife -> knives wife -> wives

5、辅音字母加o 结尾的单词要加es

potato -> potatoes zoo -> zoos

元音字母加o 结尾的单词要加s

6、英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的

man——men swoman——women

milkman——milkmen policwwman——policwomen

[课文]

CUSTOMS OFFICER: Are you Swedish?

GIRLS: No, we are not. We are Danish.

CUSTOMS OFFICER: Are your friends Danish, too?

GIRLS: No, they aren't.

They are Norwegian.

CUSTOMS OFFICER: Your passports, please.

GIRLS: Here they are.

CUSTOMS OFFICER: Are these your cases?

GIRLS: No, they aren't.

Our cases are brown.

Here they are.

CUSTOMS OFFICER: Are you tourists?

GIRLS: Yes, we are.

CUSTOMS OFFICER: Are your friends tourists too?

GIRLS: Yes, they are.

CUSTOMS OFFICER: That's fine.

GIRLS: Thank you very much.

Lesson 16 Are you…?

[词汇](8)

Russian adj.&n. 俄罗斯人

Dutch adj.&n. 荷兰人

these pron. 这些(复数)

red adj. 红色的

grey adj. 灰色的

yellow adj. 黄色的

black adj.黑色的

orange adj. 橘黄色的

★grey adj. 灰色的

①灰色的,偏灰的

②头发灰白的

Her hair is grey.

③面色苍白的

Tony looks grey and tired. 托尼面色苍白,显得疲惫。

[语法]

名词复数-s或-es的发音规则:

①如果名词词尾的发音是一个清辅音([s]、[?]、[??]除外),-s发[s]的音

②如果名词词尾的发音是一个浊辅音([z]、[?]、[??]除外)或元音,-s发[z]的音,

③如果名词词尾的发音是[s]、[z]、[?]、[?]、[??]、[??],-s发[iz]的音

Lesson 17 How do you do?

[词汇](6)

employee n. 雇员

hard-working adj. 勤奋的

sales reps 推销员=sales representatives

man n. 男人

office n. 办公室

assistant n. 助手

★employee n. 雇员

一个动词后有-ee,是被这个动作影响的人;一个动词后有-er,是做出这个动作的人。

V+-ee 被……的人

V+er 发出……的人

employ v. 雇拥

I need to employ some people to help me do this work.

employee n. 雇员

employer n. 雇主

employment n. 工作

-ment 名词后缀

train v. 训练

trainee n. 被训练的人

trainer n. 训练者

★hard-working adj. 勤奋的

hard adj&adv. 艰苦的,坚硬的,努力地

work n&v. 工作

hard-working adj. 勤奋的

Lucy is a hard-working employee.

They are hard-working.

hard-work n. 艰苦的工作

This is a hard-work.

work hard 努力地工作

★assistant n. 助手

office assistant 指办公室干杂务的工作人员

assist v. 援助

MR. JACKSON: Come and meet our employees, Mr. Richards.

MR. RICHARDS: Thank you, Mr. Jackson.

MR. JACKSON: This is Nicola Grey, and this is Claire Taylor.

MR. RICHARDS: How do you do?

Those women are very hard-working.

What are their jobs?

MR. JACKSON: They're keyboard operators.

This is Michael Baker, and this is Jeremy Short.

MR. RICHARDS: How do you do?

They aren't very busy!

What are their jobs?

MR. JACKSON: They're sales reps.

They're very lazy.

MR. RICHARDS: Who is this young man?

MR. JACKSON: This is Jim.

He's our office assistant.

Lesson 18 What are their jobs?

twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety

one/a hundred one/a thousand

百位和十位之间用and连接。

1万=10千

101:one hundred and one

1564:one thousand five hundred and sixty four

9059:nine thousand and fifty nine

63,152:sixty three thousand one hundred and fifty two

331,278:three hundred and thirty one thousand two hundred and seventy eight

Lesson 19 Tired and thirty

[词汇](9)

matter n. 事情

children n. 孩子们(child 的复数)

tired adj. 累,疲乏

boy n. 男孩

thirsty adj. 渴

Mum n. 妈妈

sit down 坐下

right adj. 好,可以

ice cream 冰淇淋(有时可数,有时不可数)

★matter n. 事情

①n. 事情,事件

It’s a private matter.

He’s not very interested in financial matters.

②n. 麻烦事,困难

What's the matter? =Tell me what’s wrong? =What’s wrong?

What’s the matter with+sb.

What's the matter with the children?

It doesn't matter. 没关系

It matters. 有关系

Does it matter? 有关系吗?可以吗?

★thirsty adj. 渴

①adj. 渴的,口干的

②adj. (工地等)干旱的

a dry and thirsty land 干旱的土地

③adj. 渴望的,渴求的(for / after)

The students there are thirsty for knowledge.

那里的学生有强烈的求知欲。

[语法]

There be 句型

there be 句型:表示某处有某物

there is + 可数名词的单数/不可数名词

There is a pen, two books and a knife on the desk.

课桌上有一枝钢笔、两本书和一把小刀。(第一个并列名词是单数,所以用is)there are + 可数名词的复数形式

常见方位介词:in、on、over、under

on:在…上面,接触物体表面

over:越过,垂直上方,不接触表面

in:在…里面,物体里面

to:往,向,表示去向方向

into:进入…里面,从外到里进入的过程

out of:在…外,从里面出来

across:横穿[在物体表面横穿],从平面穿过

through:从里面(中间)穿过

under:在……下面

deside:在……旁边

near:在……附近

between:在……两者之间

among 在…中间(两者以上)

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