散热器的结构原理及优化方法的
设定
1 绪论
1.1选题的背景及意义
随着汽车发动机转速和功率的不断提高，热负荷也愈来愈大，对冷却系统的要求也越来越高，人们对包括散热器在内的冷却系统的研究愈加重视，新技术、新材料不断涌现。汽车铝散热器产品的优势体现在轻量化、可靠性高、价格低以及生产环保，整车厂采用铝水箱替代原有铜水箱是汽车散热器技术发展的必然趋势。目前，汽车散热器正朝着轻型、高效、经济的方向发展，国内乘用车产品90%以上采用的是铝散热器，在商用车上的使用近年也陆续采用并有扩大的趋势。
因此如何提高散热器的传热效能是一个综合性的经济效益问题，应通过技术经济比较后确定。在提高散热器的散热效率的情况下同时考虑降低散热器的散热阻力，合理选择使用板片材质和橡胶密封垫材质，使用正确的安装方法，才可保证设备安全运行，延长设备的使用寿命。通过计算机的模拟，可以使管带式热器性能更为优越，结构更加合理，经济性更强。另一方面，现代计算机技的快速发展和进步也为管带式散热器的优化设计提供了强大的技术支持，所以管带式散热器的优化设计对于现代诸多工业的可持续发展有着深远的意义。
1 Introduction
1.1 Background and Significance topics
Power continues to increase, more and more large the cooling system requirements are also increasing , people including the radiator cooling system pay more attention to research , new technologies , new materials emerging. The advantages of automotive aluminum radiator products is reflected in the lightweight , of environmentally friendly vehicle plant to replace the original copper- aluminum radiator auto radiator tank is the inevitable trend of technological development . Currently, the auto radiator is moving light , efficient and economic direction, more than 90% of domestic passenger car is aluminum radiator, in recent years, the use of commercial vehicles OK. Improve the efficiency of the the case of taking lower radiator cooling resistance , a reasonable choice to use Plate material and rubber gasket material, using the correct installation method can ensure the safe operation of equipment , extend equipment life . Through computer simulation, you can the other computer technology and progress but also for the optimization of the radiator pipe belt design provides a strong technical support, so pipe radiator with the optimal design for the modern sustainable industrial development of car radiator
To meet the requirements of a process that provides the of points : usually divided into a a all the same temperature and pressure leaving the subject to certain restrictions . Recuperative the wall surfaces are located on both sides of the wall , the of car radiator
All aspects of working conditions in line with requirements under the premise that people still need to balance the radiator technically advanced and economically reasonable, the so-called in order to better determine and compare the degree of perfection of the radiator . Broadly speaking , the performance implications of the radiator is very broad, there is resistance properties, the expert 's long exploration of the problem , which is still under study improvements .
1.4 汽车散热器概述
汽车散热器属于间壁式换热器，其中散热水管一般为椭圆管或扁管，外侧布置有多层翅片以强化与冷空气侧的传热。通常，汽车散热器由主片、芯体、封条等零件通过钎焊工艺焊接而成，它的结构紧凑、轻巧、薄壁及传热强度高。根据芯体中翅片排列方式分，汽车散热器主要分为管带式和管片式两种.
1.4 Overview of Auto Radiator
Auto Radiator belong recuperative order to strengthen the cold side of the piece , core body, seals and other parts welded together by brazing process , it is compact, lightweight , thin-walled and arrangement points, automotive radiator divided into tube and tube sheet with two kinds ,
2汽车散热器结构设计
2.1 散热管
咬口焊接制造水管是在联合制管机上能够以7～10个工序滚压成型，通过7~10组特殊的导板和滚轮逐渐的弯曲成型，在成型的最后过程中，带料差不多卷成圆形时，再继续前行，带料将碰到一个圆定不动的扁型断面芯板,芯板断面的形状、尺寸和欲制造的管子内部形状相同，然后连续的进行焊接，进入钎焊炉，将咬口部位和外表面同时镀锡，冷却后，用几组校直滚轮矫正端面形状,扭曲度等,然后按所需的长度自动切断。联合制管机一般24~26ms。
2. 2散热带
散热带上开有扰动气流的类似百叶窗的孔，以破坏流动空气在散热带表面上的附着层，提高散热能力。由波纹状散热带和冷却管相间排列经焊接而成所组成的散热器为管带式散热器。
2 car radiator design
2.1 the United pipe machine capable of 7 to 10 roll forming process by 7 to 10 special set of guides and rollers gradually bending in the final molding
process, almost rolled into a circular strip , and then move on a circle with a given material will encounter immovable flat -section core , core cross-section shape, size and shape of the inside of the pipe for manufacturing the same , and a continuous welding , brazing furnace into , the seams at the same time parts of tin and an outer surface , after cooling , straightening rollers with several groups face shape correction , distortion degree , and then cut off the desired length . Joint pipe machine generally 24 ~ 26m s.
2.2 Thermal Tape
Cooling air disturbance opened to bring the louver -like the belt surface , to improve . By the corrugated fins and cooling with alternating warp composed of welded pipe radiator with radiator .
2.3主片及上下水室
散热器的主片及水室的构造均以工艺简便，节约材料，易于钎焊和装配，牢固可靠为前提。
主片中的水管孔的排列要完全符合散热片中水管的排列和数量，散热器上水室一般高60~100mm，容积应该与水关的总容积想适应，并且要稍大于水管的总容量，同时还要考虑发动机水套的容量和进水管的尺寸，另外还要便于安装其他的附件，如进水管，加水口，内部隔板等。
2.3 main piece upper and lower water chamber
The main piece and radiator water chamber structure are simple process , saving material , brazing and easy to assemble, solid and reliable as a precondition.
The film's main water pipe full compliance with the total capacity of water , but also consider the capacity of the engine water jacket and the inlet pipe size , while also easy to install other accessories such as inlet pipe, plus intakes, internal partitions, etc. .
2.4 左右侧板及装机架
散热器的固定框架是将散热器固定在汽车上必须的部件，包括左右侧板，Ｕ型件，三角吊耳等。用来保证芯部刚度，并在起撒谎能够安装有关零件。左右侧板是直接焊接在水室上的，底部托住下水室，并一起外沿焊接在上下水室上，Ｕ型件和三角吊耳是用来安装和固定散热器总成。
2.4 left and right plates and installation frame
Radiator radiator fixed frame is to be fixed in the car components, including left and right side panels , U-shaped , triangle . Used to ensure that the core stiffness , and in the relevant parts can be installed from the lie . Left side is soldered directly to the water chamber on the bottom the upper and lower water chamber , U-shaped pieces and triangular lug is used to install and secure the most cases, the radiator inlet and outlet pipe is caused by the Health and cast-iron rivets, reinforcing plate and brazing fixed on the water chamber , in order to increase the strength of the structure in many radiator , plumbing is through the water chamber and in its two opposite walls plus welding . Radiator inlet and outlet pipe is usually soldered on the water chamber . The upper part of the radiator filler neck usually used cap tightly sealed to prevent the cooling water spill. However, if too much water vapor in the cooling water , cooling the pressure will be too large, may result in rupture of the radiator . Therefore, you must add water vapor at the outlet of the channel set exclusion - discouraged
calculated as follows , including the tube -type ; cooling area calculations ; equivalent diameter is calculated ; logarithmic mean temperature difference △tm; can be seen to increase the play a certain effect . Industrial design and production practice mostly from these considerations strengthen the radiator temperature difference ; enlarged the design of the radiator when the goal is: According to the requirements of the cooling system in a given volume of space obtained under the conditions of the maximum amount of certain under the premise of the radiator materials consumed most provinces . Therefore, this is a multi-objective optimization problem .The three main criteria optimization problem is to optimize the selection of variables , constraints set , the objective function is set .
6 基于MATLAB优化工具箱实现散热管数学模型的求解
Matlab软件的优点包含：
1、友好的工作平台和编程环境。
2、简单易用的编程语言
3、强大的科学计算数据处理能力
4、出色的图形处理功能
5、应用广泛的模块集合工具箱
优化方法的设定。优化方法是利用MATLAB的优化工具箱，可以求解线性规划、非线性规划和多目标规划问题。具体而言，包括线性、非线性最小化、最大最小化、二次规划、线性与非线性的最小二乘解等问题。另外，该工具箱还提供了线性、非线性最小化，方程求解，曲线拟合，二次规划等问题中大型课题的求解方法，为优化方法在工程中的实际应用提供了更方便、快捷的途径。
优化的散热器属于非线性多变量约束优化问题，在MATLAB中，采用Fmincon优化工具箱中的“Active Set”算法。
计算的结果表明，采用优化设计具有以下有点：
(1)大大节省了设计时间，提高了工作效率；工厂设计一台散热器往往是先凭经验设计，制出样机，然后用试验方法验证样机设计的合理性(若试验结果不
理想，再重新修改设计方案)。
(2)散热面积与原方案相比，优化方案可增加1.6%-1.72%。压降特性与原方案相比，优化方案减少 6.38%-6.5%。单个散热管的质量相比，优化方案减少1.52%-1.55%。
6 Based on MATLAB Optimization Toolbox to achieve mathematical models for solving the of modules Toolbox Setting optimization method .optimization method is to use MATLAB optimization toolbox, you can solve linear programming, nonlinear programming and multi- objective programming . Specifically, including linear , nonlinear minimize, minimize, maximize , quadratic programming , linear and non-linear least squares solution of other issues. In addition, the toolkit also provides a linear , nonlinear minimization , equation solving , curve fitting , quadratic programming problems in the method for solving large-scale project for the optimization method in the practical application of engineering to provide a more convenient and efficient pathway .
Optimized non-linear multi-variable radiator constrained optimization problems, in MATLAB , using Fmincon optimization toolbox "Active Set" algorithms.
Calculation results show that the optimal design design time , improve work efficiency ; factory to design a is often the first rule of thumb , a system prototype, and then with the test method to verify the reasonableness of the prototype design ( if the test results are not satisfactory, and then re- modify the design ) .
( 2 ) cooling area with the original schemes, optimization program to increase 1.6% -1.72% . Pressure drop characteristics compared with the original plan and optimize programs to reduce the 6.38% -6.5 % . Compared to a single design is the most important one subject , which requires us to all the knowledge learned in university systems linking theory with practice for general considerations . But also cultivate self-learning and innovation. Therefore, this design
comprehensive and practical and involves extensive knowledge . Therefore, in the design of both the understanding of the basic concepts and theories , but also pay attention to the needs of the production practice , the various theories and production practice, to complete this design .
I chose the car radiator optimization and design issues , mainly on the structural characteristics of automobile radiators and functional characteristics , the theory discusses the radiator effective way to improve the performance of the radiator and cooling optimization method of choice . A mathematical model in the computer methods to study the characteristics of the radiator , the radiator will be on performance testing , structural optimization , product selection and development of new products play a guiding or supporting role, thereby avoiding routine test methods cycle length, and cost is toolbox , not only algorithms and reliable, and without a lot of programming procedures , greatly reducing the computational workload, improve work efficiency, is an effective way of working. Can only improve the work efficiency, but also to avoid the waste of resources .
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