水果类（fruits）：
西红柿tomato 莲雾 wax-apple 菠萝 pineapple 番石榴 guava
西瓜 watermelon 香蕉 banana
柚子 shaddock（pomelo）橙子 orange
苹果 apple 柠檬 lemon
樱桃 cherry 桃子 peach
枣 Chinese date （去核枣 pitted date ）
梨 pear
椰子 coconut
草莓 strawberry
树莓 raspberry
蓝莓 blueberry
黑莓 blackberry
葡萄 grape
甘蔗 sugar cane
芒果 mango
木瓜 pawpaw或者papaya
杏子 apricot
油桃 nectarine
柿子 persimmon
石榴 pomegranate
榴莲 jackfruit
槟榔果 areca nut （西班牙产苦橙）bitter orange
猕猴桃 kiwi fruit or Chinese gooseberry
金橘 cumquat
蟠桃 flat peach
荔枝 litchi
青梅 greengage
山楂果 haw
水蜜桃 honey peach
香瓜 musk melon
李子 plum
杨梅 waxberry red bayberry
桂圆 longan
沙果 crab apple
杨桃 starfruit
枇杷 loquat
柑橘 tangerine
肉、蔬菜类（livestock家畜）：
南瓜（倭瓜） pumpkin cushaw 甜玉米 Sweet corn
牛肉beef 猪肉pork
羊肉 mutton 羔羊肉lamb
鸡肉chicken 生菜莴苣lettuce
白菜 Chinese cabbage （celery cabbage）（甘蓝）
萝卜 radish 胡萝卜 carrot
韭菜leek 木耳 agarics
豌豆 pea 马铃薯（土豆） potato
黄瓜 cucumber 苦瓜 balsam pear
秋葵 okra 洋葱 onion
芹菜 celery 芹菜杆 celery sticks
地瓜 sweet potato 蘑菇 mushroom
橄榄 olive 菠菜spinach
冬瓜（Chinese）wax gourd 莲藕 lotus root
紫菜 laver 卷心菜 cabbage
油菜 cole rape 茄子 eggplant
香菜 caraway 枇杷loquat
青椒 green pepper 四季豆青刀豆 garden bean
银耳 silvery fungi 腱子肉tendon
肘子 pork joint
茴香fennel（茴香油fennel oil 药用）
鲤鱼carp
咸猪肉bacon
金针蘑 needle mushroom
扁豆 lentil
槟榔 areca
牛蒡great burdock
水萝卜 summer radish
竹笋 bamboo shoot
艾蒿Chinese mugwort
绿豆mung bean
毛豆green soy bean
瘦肉 lean meat
肥肉speck
黄花菜 day lily （day lily bud）
豆芽菜 bean sprout
丝瓜 towel gourd (注：在美国丝瓜或用来做丝瓜茎loofah洗澡的，不是食用的)
海鲜类（sea food）：
虾仁 Peeled Prawns 龙虾 lobster
小龙虾 crayfish（退缩者）蟹 crab
蟹足crab claws 小虾（虾米） shrimp
对虾、大虾 prawn （烤）鱿鱼（toast）squid
海参 sea cucumber 扇贝 scallop
鲍鱼 sea-ear abalone 小贝肉cockles
牡蛎oyster 鱼鳞scale
海蜇jellyfish鳖海龟turtle
蚬蛤 clam 鲅鱼 culter
鲳鱼 butterfish 虾籽 shrimp egg
鲢鱼银鲤鱼chub silver carp 黄花鱼 yellow croaker
调料类（seasonings）：
醋 vinegar 酱油 soy
盐 salt 加碘盐 iodized salt
糖 sugar 白糖 refined sugar
酱 soy sauce 沙拉 salad
辣椒 hot（red）pepper 胡椒（black）pepper
花椒wild pepper Chinese prickly ash powder
色拉油salad oil 调料 fixing sauce seasoning
砂糖 granulated sugar 红糖 brown sugar
冰糖 Rock Sugar 芝麻 Sesame
芝麻酱 Sesame paste 芝麻油 Sesame oil
咖喱粉curry 番茄酱（汁） ketchup redeye
辣根horseradish 葱 shallot （Spring onions）
姜 ginger 蒜 garlic
料酒 cooking wine 蚝油oyster sauce
枸杞（枇杷,欧查果） medlar 八角aniseed
酵母粉yeast barm 黄椒Yellow pepper
肉桂 cinnamon (在美国十分受欢迎，很多事物都有肉桂料)
黄油 butter 香草精 vanilla extract(甜点必备) 面粉 flour 洋葱 onion
主食类（staple food）：
三文治 sandwich 米饭rice
粥 congee （rice soup）汤 soup
饺子dumpling 面条 noodle
比萨饼 pizza 方便面 instant noodle 香肠 sausage 面包 bread
黄油（白塔油）butter 茶叶蛋 Tea eggs
油菜 rape 饼干 cookies
咸菜（泡菜）pickle 馒头 steamed bread
饼（蛋糕）cake 汉堡 hamburger
火腿ham 奶酪 cheese
馄饨皮 wonton skin 高筋面粉 Strong flour 小麦wheat 大麦barley
青稞highland barley 牛排 steak
高粱broomcorn （kaoliang ）春卷Spring rolls
芋头 Taro 山药yam
鱼翅 shark fin 黄花 daylily
松花蛋皮蛋preserved eggs 春卷 spring roll
肉馅饼minced pie 糙米 Brown rice
玉米 corn 馅儿 stuffing
开胃菜 appetizer 面粉 flour
燕麦 oat 白薯甘薯 sweet potato 里脊肉 fillet 凉粉 bean jelly
糯米江米 sticky rice 燕窝 bird's nest
粟 Chinese corn 肉丸子 meat balls
枳橙citrange 点心（中式）dim sum 淀粉starch 蛋挞 egg tart
干果类（dry fruits）：
腰果 Cashew nuts 花生 peanut
无花果fig 榛子filbert hazel
栗子chestnut 核桃 walnut
杏仁almond 果脯 preserved fruit 芋头taro 葡萄干raisin cordial 开心果 pistachion 巴西果 brazil nut
菱角,荸荠 water chestnut (和国内食用法不同，做坚果食用) 酒水类（beverage）：
红酒 red wine 白酒 white wine
白兰地 brandy 葡萄酒 sherry
汽水(软饮料) soda （盐）汽水sparkling water
果汁juice 冰棒 Ice-lolly
啤酒beer 酸奶 yoghurt
伏特加酒vodka 鸡尾酒cocktail
豆奶 soy milk 豆浆soybean milk
七喜 7 UP 麒麟（日本啤酒kirin）
凉开水 cold boiled water 汉斯啤酒 Hans beer
浓缩果汁 concentrated juice 冰镇啤酒 iced(chilled ) beer
札幌（日本啤酒）Sapporo 爱尔啤酒（美国）ale
A级牛奶 grand A milk 班图酒bantu beer
半干雪利 dry sark 参水牛奶 blue milk
日本粗茶 bancha 生啤酒 draft beer
白啤酒 white beer <苏格兰>大麦酒barley-bree
咖啡伴侣coffee mate
零食类（snack）:
薄荷糖mint 薄脆饼干 cracker
饼干biscuit 棒棒糖bonbon
茶tea （沏茶 make the tea）话梅prune candied plum
锅巴 rice crust 瓜子 melon seed
冰棒（冰果） ice（frozen） sucker 冰淇凌ice cream
防腐剂preservative 圣代冰淇淋 sundae
巧克力豆 marble chocolate barley 布丁pudding
与食品有关的词语（some words about food）:
炸 fired
炝 quick boiled
烩 braise （烩牛舌 braised ox tongue）
烤 roast
饱嗝 burp
饱了饱的 full stuffed
解渴quench thirst （形容食物变坏spoil spoilage）
防腐剂preservative
产品有效期expiration date （形容酒品好： a good strong brew 绝味酿）
中式早點：
烧饼Clay oven rolls 油条Fried bread stick 韭菜盒Fried leek dumplings 水饺Boiled dumplings
蒸饺Steamed dumplings 馒头Steamed buns
割包Steamed sandwich 饭团Rice and vegetable roll 蛋饼Egg cakes 皮蛋100-year egg
咸鸭蛋Salted duck egg
豆浆Soybean milk
饭类：
稀饭Rice porridge 白饭Plain white rice
油饭 Glutinous oil rice
糯米饭Glutinous rice 卤肉饭Braised pork rice
蛋炒饭Fried rice with egg
地瓜粥Sweet potato congee
面类：
馄饨面 Wonton & noodles 刀削面 Sliced noodles
麻辣面Spicy hot noodles
麻酱面Sesame paste noodles 鴨肉面 Duck with noodles
鱔魚面 Eel noodles
乌龙面Seafood noodles
榨菜肉丝面Pork , pickled mustard green noodles
牡蛎细面Oyster thin noodles 板条Flat noodles
米粉 Rice noodles
炒米粉Fried rice noodles 冬粉Green bean noodle
汤类：
鱼丸汤Fish ball soup 貢丸汤Meat ball soup
蛋花汤Egg & vegetable soup 蛤蜊汤Clams soup
牡蛎汤Oyster soup 紫菜汤Seaweed soup
酸辣汤Sweet & sour soup 馄饨汤Wonton soup
猪肠汤Pork intestine soup 肉羹汤Pork thick soup
鱿鱼汤 Squid soup 花枝羹Squid thick soup
中餐：
海带kelp,seaweed 鲍鱼abalone
鱼翅shark fin 干贝scallops
龙虾lobster 燕窝bird's nest
考乳猪roast suckling pig 萝卜干dried turnip
猪脚pig's knuckle 盐水鸭boiled salted duck
腊肉preserved meat 叉烧barbecued pork
香肠sausage 肉松fried pork flakes
烤肉BAR-B-Q 荤菜meat diet
素菜vegetables 肉羹meat broth
地方菜local dish 广东菜Cantonese cuisine
客饭set meal 咖喱饭curry rice
炒饭fried rice 白饭 plain rice
锅巴crispy rice 阳春面plain noodle
粥gruel, soft rice ,porridge 打卤面noodles with gravy
砂锅casserole 火锅chafing dish,fire pot
肉包子meat bun 豆腐bean curd
烧麦shao-mai 腐乳preserved bean curd
豆豉fermented blank bean 酱瓜 pickled cucumbers
皮蛋preserved egg 咸鸭蛋salted duck egg
西餐与日本料理：
菜单menu 法国菜 French cuisine
今日特餐today's special 主厨特餐chef's special
自助餐 buffet 快餐fast food
招牌菜specialty 欧式西餐continental cuisine 饭前酒aperitif 点心dim sum
炸薯条French fires 烘马铃薯baked potato
马铃薯泥mashed potatoes 简蛋卷omelette
布丁pudding 甜点pastries
泡菜pickled vegetables 韩国泡菜kimchi
蟹肉crab meat 明虾prawn
海螺conch 田螺escargots
炖牛肉braised beef 熏肉 bacon
荷包蛋poached egg 煎一面荷包蛋sunny side up 煎两面荷包蛋over 煎蛋fried egg
煎半熟蛋over easy 煎全熟蛋over hard
炒蛋scramble eggs 煮蛋boiled egg
石头火锅stone fire pot 日本竹筷 sashi
日本米酒 sake 味噌汤miso shiru
铁板烤肉roast meat 生鱼片 sashimi
奶油butter
some和 any 的用法及练习题( 一) 一、用法： some意思为：一些。可用来修饰可数名词和不可数名词，常常用于肯定句 . any 意思为：任何一些。它可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词，当修饰可数名词 时要用复数形式。常用于否定句和疑问句。 注意： 1、在表示请求和邀请时，some也可以用在疑问句中。 2、表示“任何”或“任何一个”时，也可以用在肯定句中。 3、和后没有名词时，用作代词，也可用作副词。 二、练习题： 1.There are ()newspapers on the table. 2.Is there ( )bread on the plate. 3.Are there () boats on the river? 4.---Do you have () brothers ?---Yes ,I have two brothers. 5.---Is there () tea in the cup? --- Yes,there is () tea in it ,but there isn’t milk. 6.I want to ask you() questions. 7.My little boy wants ()water to drink. 8.There are () tables in the room ,but there aren’t ( )chairs. 9.Would you like () milk? 10.Will you give me () paper? 复合不定代词的用法及练习 一.定义: 由 some，any，no，every 加上 -body,-one,-thing,-where构成的不定代词，叫做复合不定代词 . 二. 分类： 1.指人：含 -body 或 -one 的复合不定代词指人 . 2.含-thing 的复合不定代词指物。 3.含-where 的复合不定代词指地点。 三：复合不定代词： somebody =someone某人 something 某物，某事，某东西 somewhere在某处，到某处 anybody= anyone 任何人，无论谁 anything任何事物，无论何事，任何东西 anywhere 在任何地方 nobody=no one 无一人 nothing 无一物，没有任何东西 everybody =everyone每人，大家，人人 everything每一个事物，一切 everywhere 到处 , 处处 , 每一处
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some和any的用法： （1）两者修饰可数单数名词，表某一个；任何一个；修饰可数复数名词和不可数名词，表一些；有些。〔2）一般的用法：some用于肯定句；any用于疑问句，否定句或条件句。 I am looking for some matches. Do you have any matches? I do not have any matches. （3）特殊的用法： (A) 在期望对方肯定的回答时，问句也用some。 Will you lend me some money? (=Please lend me some money.) (B) any表任何或任何一个时，也可用于肯定句。 Come any day you like. （4）some和any后没有名词时，当做代名词，此外两者也可做副词。 Some of them are my students.〔代名词） Is your mother any better?（副词） 3. many和much的用法： （1）many修饰复数可数名词，表许多； much修饰不可数名词，表量或程度。 He has many friends, but few true ones. There hasn't been much good weather recently. （2）many a: many a和many同义，但语气比较强，并且要与单数名词及单数形动词连用。 Many a prisoner has been set free. (=Many prisoners have been set free.) （3）as many和so many均等于the same number of。前有as, like时, 只用so many。 These are not all the books I have. These are as many more upstairs.
一般过去式 时间状语：yesterday just now (刚刚) the day before three days ag0 a week ago in 1880 last month last year 1. I was in the classroom yesterday. I was not in the classroom yesterday. Were you in the classroom yesterday. 2. They went to see the film the day before. Did they go to see the film the day before. They did go to see the film the day before. 3. The man beat his wife yesterday. The man didn’t beat his wife yesterday. 4. I was a high student three years ago. 5. She became a teacher in 2009. 6. They began to study english a week ago 7. My mother brought a book from Canada last year. 8.My parents build a house to me four years ago . 9.He was husband ago. She was a cooker last mouth. My father was in the Xinjiang half a year ago. 10.My grandfather was a famer six years ago. 11.He burned in 1991
Some和any的用法 some和any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词，some常用在肯定句中，而any则常用在否定和疑问句中。因此some和any 的用法主要是考虑用在肯定句、疑问句还是否定句中，与名词的可数与否无关。 some意为“一些”，可作形容词和代词。它常修饰可数名词复数。如：some books一些书，some boys一些男孩，也可修饰不可数名词，如：some water一些水，some tea一些茶叶，some常用在肯定句中。any意为“任何一些”，它也可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，常用于疑问句和否定句。如： --I have some tea here. 我这儿有些茶叶。--I can’t see any tea. 我没看见茶叶。 --Do you have any friends at school? 你在学校有些朋友吗? 但在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定回答时，多用some而不用any。如： Would you like some coffee? 你要不要来点咖啡? What about some fruit juice? 来点水果汁如何? 当any表示“任何”的意义，起强调作用时，它可以用在肯定句中； Any student can answer this question.任何学生都可以回答这个问题。 辨析some和any的不同用法：some 常用在肯定句中，而any 则常用在否定和疑问句中。在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定回答时，多用some而不用any。 Enough的用法 英语中enough表示“足够”，它可以用作名词、形容词和副词，它的具体用法有： 一、用作形容词，意思是“充足的; 足够的”；在句中可作定语和表语。作定语时它的位置较灵活，既可放在所修饰的词前，也可放在所修饰的词后。例如： We have enough seats（seats enough）for everyone.我们有足够的座位让大家都能坐。 二、用作副词，意思是“充分地；足够地”，修饰形容词、副词或动词，位于所修饰词的后面。例如： 1. He is not strong enough. 他不够强壮。 2. She is old enough to understand this. 她年纪已足够大了能了解这事。 3 ．I didn't know her well enough. 我对她不够了解。4．He did not work hard enough. 他不够用功。 ［提示］enough常用在“be+形容词+enough +for+sb.+to do.”结构中，注意do后面不接宾语。例如： The book is easy enough for you to read.这本书很简单，你们可以看懂。 三、作名词，意思是“足够; 充分”。例如： 1. —Would you like another cup of tea? 你想再来一杯茶吗？ —I have had enough. Thank you very much. 我已经喝够了。非常感谢。 2. He couldn't earn enough money to keep a family. 他赚得钱不够养活家人。 我们在使用enough时还要注意以下几点： 1）enough不能与no连用。如不可以说：I have no enough money to buy a car.而应说：I don't have enough money to buy a car. 2）enough用作形容词时不可被very修饰，但可用quite修饰。例如： We have quite enough time. 我们有足够的时间。 3）can't / can never... enough表示“越……越好；无论怎样……也不过分”。例如： You can never be careful enough. 你越细心越好。 下面的“口诀”可能对大家理解和掌握enough的用法有所帮助：
some和any的用法及练习题 (一) 一、用法： some意思为：一些。可用来修饰可数名词和不可数名词，常常用于肯定句. any意思为：任何一些。它可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词，当修饰可数名词时要用复数形式。常用于否定句和疑问句。 注意：1、在表示请求和邀请时，some也可以用在疑问句中。 2、表示“任何”或“任何一个”时，也可以用在肯定句中。 3、和后没有名词时，用作代词，也可用作副词。 二、练习题： 1.There are ( )newspapers on the table. 2.Is there ( )bread on the plate. 3.Are there ( ) boats on the river? 4.---Do you have ( ) brothers ?---Yes ,I have two brothers. 5.---Is there ( ) tea in the cup? ---Yes,there is ( ) tea in it ,but there isn’t milk. 6.I want to ask you ( ) questions. 7.My little boy wants ( )water to drink. 8.There are ( ) tables in the room ,but there aren’t ( )chairs. 9.Would you like ( ) milk? 10.Will you give me ( ) paper? 复合不定代词的用法及练习 一.定义: 由some，any，no，every加上-body,-one,-thing,-where构成的不定代词，叫做复合不定代词. 二.分类： 1.指人：含-body或-one的复合不定代词指人. 2.含-thing的复合不定代词指物。 3.含-where的复合不定代词指地点。 三：复合不定代词： somebody =someone某人 something某物，某事，某东西 somewhere在某处，到某处 anybody= anyone任何人，无论谁 anything任何事物，无论何事，任何东西 anywhere在任何地方 nobody=no one无一人 nothing无一物，没有任何东西 everybody =everyone每人，大家，人人 everything每一个事物，一切 everywhere到处,处处,每一处
some和any的用法 1.some adj.一些；某些；某个pron. 某些；若干；某些人 a.adj. some可以修饰可数名词或不可数名词，意为“某些”。 Some people are playing football. (some+可数名词) I ate some bread. (some+不可数名词) b.adj. some后面可以修饰可数名词的单数，意为“某(个)”。 Some day you will know. (some+可数名词的单数) 有一天你会知道的。 Some student cheated in the exam.(some+可数名词的单数) 有个学生考试作弊。 对比：Some students cheated in the exam.有些学生考试作弊。 c.pron. some此时作代词，后面不需要再加名词就可以表示“有些(人)”的意思。 All students are in the classroom, and some are doing their homework. d.pron. some作代词，意为“若干(…)”。 There are 10 apples on the table. You can take some. 桌上10个苹果，你可以拿走一些。 2.any adj.任何的；所有的pron.任何一个；任何 a.adj. any可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词，意为“任何的，所有的任何一（…）”。 （用于否定意义的陈述句、疑问句、条件状语从句if中） Do you have any ideas?(any+可数名词复数)(疑问句) 你有什么想法吗？ I don’t have any bread.(any+不可数名词)(否定意义的陈述句) Please tell me if you have any problem.(if引导的条件状语从句) b.any后面可以加可数名词的单数，意为“任何一（…）”。 Any error would lead to failure.(any+可数名词单数) 任何（一个）错误都会导致失败。 c.pron. any此时作代词，与some里面c点的用法相似，只是表示这个意义的时候，any多用于否定句和疑问 句中。 比较：There are 10 apples on the table. You can take some. 桌子上有10个苹果，你可以拿走一些。 There are 10 apples on the table, but you can’t take any. 桌子上有10个苹果，但是你不能拿。 There are some apples on the table.桌上有些苹果。 There aren’t any apples on the table.桌上没有苹果。 由此，把陈述句变为否定句/一般疑问句的时候，要把some改成any。 思考：some只用于肯定句，any只用于否定句和疑问句中吗吗？ 不一定，要看句子本身想表达的意思。 1.some可以用于肯定句和疑问句中。在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句中，用some表示说话 人希望得到肯定的回答。例如： Would you like some coffee?你想喝咖啡吗? 这里用some而不用any，是因为说话人期待得到对方肯定的回答。 （因此Would you like…?你想要…吗?这个句型中多用some而不用any） 比较： Do you have any books?这里用any而不用some，说明这只是因为这只是纯粹的疑问。
S o m e和a n y的用法及练 习 Prepared on 24 November 2020
Some 和any的用法及练习 不定代词：不是指确定的对象，而是仅具有非确定特指含义，不明确指代某事或某人的代词。通常用作替代词。 有all /both/every/both/either/neither/one/none/litt le/few/many/much/other/another/some/any/ no以及由some/any/no/every组合的复合不定代词。 some意为“一些”、“几个”,通常用于肯定句中。 现将其主要用法归纳如下: 一、 some作形容词用时,可以修饰复数可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。例如: There are some students in the classroom. 教室里有几个学生。 There is some milk in the glass. 杯子里有一些牛奶。 二、 some作代词用时,可在句中作主语或宾语。例如: Some of the boys are playing games now. 有几个男孩现在正在做游戏。 I have no paper. Please give me some. 我没有纸了,请给我一些吧。 三、 some有时也可以用在疑问句或条件句中,表示请求、建议,并期望得到对方的肯定回答。它也可以用于反问句中。例如:
Can you give me some money 你能给我一些钱吗 Would you like some more rice 再来点米饭好吗 Why don’t you buy some flowers for her 你为什么不给她买些花呢If you want (some), I’ll give you some. 如果你想要(一些),我就给你一些。 四、some 与单数可数名词搭配，表示未知的人或物，相当于a(an) 或 a certain。 There must be some job I could do. 肯定有我能做的事情。 Some book on this topic was published last year. 去年出版了有关这主题方面的书。 注意：some + 可数名词复数中的“some”作“一些”解。 五、some用在基数词和few之前，是副词，表示“在概”或“在约”的意思，等于about。 例：There were some 40 or 50 people there.那里大约有40或50人。 any也有“一些”的意思,但它常用在否定句、否定答语或疑问句中。其具体用法如下: 一、 any作形容词用时,可以修饰可数名词的单数或复数,也可以修饰不可数名词。例如: Do you have any questions to ask 你有什么问题要问吗There isn’t any water in this bottle. 这个瓶子里没有水。二、 any作代词用时,也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何”的意思,起强调作用。例如:
●I wonder if it’s because I have been at school for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about going home. ●It is because she wasn’t well that she fell far behind her classmates this semester. ●I can well remember that there was a time when I took it for granted that friends should do everything for me. ●In order to make a difference to society, they spent almost all of their spare time in raising money for the charity. ●It’s no pleasure eating at school any longer because the food is not so tasty as that at home. ●He happened to be hit by a new idea when he was walking along the riverbank. ●I wonder if I can cope with stressful situations in life independently. ●It is because I take things for granted that I make so many mistakes. ●The treasure is so rare that a growing number of people are looking for it. ●He picks on the weak mn in order that we may pay attention to him. ●It’s no pleasure being disturbed whena I settle down to my work. ●I can well remember that when I was a child, I always made mistakes on purpose for fun. ●It’s no pleasure accompany her hanging out on the street on such a rainy day. ●I can well remember that there was a time when I threw my whole self into study in order to live up to my parents’ expectation and enter my dream university. ●I can well remember that she stuck with me all the time and helped me regain my confidence during my tough time five years ago. ●It is because he makes it a priority to study that he always gets good grades. ●I wonder if we should abandon this idea because there is no point in doing so. ●I wonder if it was because I ate ice-cream that I had an upset student this morning. ●It is because she refused to die that she became incredibly successful. ●She is so considerate that many of us turn to her for comfort. ●I can well remember that once I underestimated the power of words and hurt my friend. ●He works extremely hard in order to live up to his expectations. ●I happened to see a butterfly settle on the beautiful flower. ●It’s no pleasure making fun of others. ●It was the first time in the new semester that I had burned the midnight oil to study. ●It’s no pleasure taking everything into account when you long to have the relaxing life. ●I wonder if it was because he abandoned himself to despair that he was killed in a car accident when he was driving. ●Jack is always picking on younger children in order to show off his power. ●It is because he always burns the midnight oil that he oversleeps sometimes. ●I happened to find some pictures to do with my grandfather when I was going through the drawer. ●It was because I didn’t dare look at the failure face to face that I failed again. ●I tell my friend that failure is not scary in order that she can rebound from failure. ●I throw my whole self to study in order to pass the final exam. ●It was the first time that I had made a speech in public and enjoyed the thunder of applause. ●Alice happened to be on the street when a UFO landed right in front of her. ●It was the first time that I had kept myself open and talked sincerely with my parents. ●It was a beautiful sunny day. The weather was so comfortable that I settled myself into the
(1)some和any 的用法： some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)/ They will go there some day.(他们有朝一日会去那儿) some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如：Would you like some coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗？) any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如：They didn’t have any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友)/ Have you got any questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗？) any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend.(随便带什么朋友来吧。) (2)no和none的用法： no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。如：There is no time left. Please hurry up.(没有时间了,请快点) / They had no reading books to lend.(他们没有阅读用书可以出借) none只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数。如：None of them is/are in the
classroom.(他们当中没有一个在教室里) / I have many books, but none is interesting.(我有很多的书,但没有一本是有趣的) (3)all和both的用法： all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。 both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如：I know all of the four British students in their school.(他们学校里四个英国学生我全认识) / --Would you like this one or that one? –Both.(你要这个还是那个？两个都要。) all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式,其中的of 可以省略。如：All (of) (the) boys are naughty.(是男孩都调皮) (4)every和each用法： every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念； each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念；each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of 短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前 every和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。如：Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每个学生学
高中英语~词性~句子成分~语法构成 第一章节：英语句子中的词性 1.名词：n. 名词是指事物的名称，在句子中主要作主语.宾语.表语.同位语。 2.形容词;adj. 形容词是指对名词进行修饰~限定~描述~的成份，主要作定语.表语.。形容词在汉语中是（的）.其标志是: ous. Al .ful .ive。. 3.动词：vt. 动词是指主语发出的一个动作，一般用来作谓语。 4.副词：adv. 副词是指表示动作发生的地点. 时间. 条件. 方式. 原因. 目的. 结果.伴随让步. 一般用来修饰动词. 形容词。副词在汉语中是（地）.其标志是：ly。 5.代词：pron. 代词是指用来代替名词的词，名词所能担任的作用，代词也同样.代词主要用来作主语. 宾语. 表语. 同位语。 6.介词：prep.介词是指表示动词和名次关系的词，例如：in on at of about with for to。其特征：
介词后的动词要用—ing形式。介词加代词时，代词要用宾格。例如：give up her（him）这种形式是正确的，而give up she（he）这种形式是错误的。 7.冠词：冠词是指修饰名词，表名词泛指或特指。冠词有a an the 。 8.叹词：叹词表示一种语气。例如：OH. Ya 等 9.连词：连词是指连接两个并列的成分，这两个并列的成分可以是两个词也可以是两个句子。例如：and but or so 。 10.数词：数词是指表示数量关系词，一般分为基数词和序数词 第二章节：英语句子成分 主语：动作的发出者，一般放在动词前或句首。由名词. 代词. 数词. 不定时. 动名词. 或从句充当。 谓语：指主语发出来的动作，只能由动词充当，一般紧跟在主语后面。 宾语：指动作的承受着，一般由代词. 名词. 数词. 不定时. 动名词. 或从句充当. 介词后面的成分也叫介词宾语。 定语：只对名词起限定修饰的成分，一般由形容
some与any的用法区别 一、一般说来，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句。例如： She wants some chalk. She doesn’t want any chalk. Here are some beautiful flowers for you. Here aren’t any beautiful flowers. 二、any可与not以外其他有否定含义的词连用，表达否定概念。例如： He never had any regular schooling. In no case should any such idea be allowed to spread unchecked. The young accountant seldom (rarely, hardly, scarcely) makes any error in his books. I can answer your questions without any hesitation. 三、any可以用于表达疑问概念的条件句中。例如： If you are looking for any stamps, you can find them in my drawer. If there are any good apples in the shop, bring me two pounds of them. If you have any trouble, please let me know. 四、在下列场合，some也可用于疑问句。 1、说话人认为对方的答复将是肯定的。例如： Are you expecting some visitors this afternoon?（说话人认为下午有人要求，所以用some）Are you expecting any visitors this afternoon?(说话人不知道下午是否有人来，所以用any) Didn’t you give him some tickets?(说话人认为票已经给他了。问题的回答是：Sure I did) Did you give him any tickets?（说话人不知道是否给票了。回答可能是yes或no。） 2、款待用语或问句的实质等于提出一个要求并希望得到肯定的回答时。例如：
M A: Has the case been closed yet? B: No, the magistrate still needs to decide the outcome. magistrate n.地方行政官，地方法官，治安官 A: I am unable to read the small print in the book. B: It seems you need to magnify it. magnify vt.１．放大，扩大；２．夸大，夸张 A: That was a terrible storm. B: Indeed, but it is too early to determine the magnitude of the damage. magnitude n.１．重要性，重大；２．巨大，广大 A: A young fair maiden like you shouldn’t be single. B: That is because I am a young fair independent maiden. maiden n.少女，年轻姑娘，未婚女子 a.首次的，初次的 A: You look majestic sitting on that high chair. B: Yes, I am pretending to be the king! majestic a.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，高贵的 A: Please cook me dinner now. B: Yes, your majesty, I’m at your service. majesty n.１．［Ｍ－］陛下（对帝王，王后的尊称）；２．雄伟，壮丽，庄严 A: Doctor, I traveled to Africa and I think I caught malaria. B: Did you take any medicine as a precaution? malaria n.疟疾 A: I hate you! B: Why are you so full of malice? malice n.恶意，怨恨 A: I’m afraid that the test results have come back and your lump is malignant. B: That means it’s serious, doesn’t it, doctor? malignant a.１．恶性的，致命的；２．恶意的，恶毒的 A: I’m going shopping in the mall this afternoon, want to join me? B: No, thanks, I have plans already. mall n.（由许多商店组成的）购物中心 A: That child looks very unhealthy. B: Yes, he does not have enough to eat. He is suffering from malnutrition.
some 和any 的主要区别为：some和any都表示“一些” ，但是“some”用于肯 定句，any用于否定句和疑问句。例如： There are some apples in the basket. 篮子里有一些苹果。 变成否定句： There are not any apples in the basket. 篮子里没有苹果。 变成疑问句： Are there any apples in the basket? 篮子里有苹果吗？ 特殊1：some：希望得到肯定的答复。 Will you lend me some money? (=Please lend me some money.) any：表任何或任何一个 Come any day you like. 特殊2：some和any后没有名词时，当做代名词，此外两者也可做副词。 Some of them are my students.〔代名词〕 Is your mother any better?（副词） 1. some用于疑问句或否定中: 1)在否定疑问句中,表示问话人的肯定倾向和对否定的惊讶和怀疑。如: Don't you have some new books? You have some new books, don't you? 你难道连几本新书 都没有吗。(在问话人心目中,"you"是有新书的,如今听说没有,因而表示惊讶和怀疑) 2)一般疑问句中,表示问话人盼望得到肯定的答复。如: -Can I have some apples? -Certainly! 3)表示建议。如: What about some fruit juice。喝点儿果汁怎么样。 2. any用于肯定句中: 1)表示三个或三个以上的人或事物中的一个。 如: You may take any one of these books.你可以随便拿一本书。 He studies harder than any of his classmates. (=He studies harder than any other students in his class.)他比班上任何一个学生都努力。 2)作"任何,无论谁"解。如: Any of them will do.他们中间的谁都行。 Any of them can tell you.他们无论谁都能告诉你。 我们知道，some通常用于肯定句，any则用于否定句或疑问句。但随着学习的深入，我们发现，情况并不完全如此，上述说法只能算是对some和any用法的一个不太准确和完整的概括。由于some和any是英语中比较常用的词，我们有必要对其用法作出较完善的归纳。 一、some和any作为形容词或代词，可以用来说明或代替复数名词或不可数名词，表示不定量，意为“一些”，其区别是：对其所说明或代替的名词持肯定态度时，用some；持非肯定（否定或疑问）态度时，用any。 在以下句子中使用some： 1.肯定句（包括肯定的陈述句和祈使句以及反意疑问句中肯定的陈述部分）。如： There are some new books on the teacher's desk. We have a lot of sugar. Take some with you, please. He bought some bread, didn't he? 2.持肯定态度的一般疑问句。如： Are there some stamps in that drawer? Didn't she give you some money? 3.表示请求或建议的一般疑问句，通常都希望得到对方肯定的答复，所以也用some。如： May I ask you some questions? Would you like some tea? 4.特殊疑问句及选择疑问句。因为特殊疑问句和选择疑问句并不对some所说明或代替的名词表示疑问。如： Where can I get some buttons? Do you have some pens or pencils? 在以下句子中使用ANY： 1.否定句（包括否定的陈述句和祈使句以及反意疑问句中否定的陈述部分）。如： I can't give you any help now. Do not make any noise. 精品文档