一．中古英语时期
?Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language.
?The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds.
?Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature.
?Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism.
二．文艺复兴Renaissance
?Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world.
?It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑）and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe.
?Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. ?This was England?s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth reigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England
?
?Francis Bacon was the best “Of Studies”is the most popular of Bacon?s 58 essays.
?Thomas More ——Utopia
?Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene
相关练习
? 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language?
? A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene
? C. Beowulf D. Hamlet
? 2. _____ is the father of English poetry.
? A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare
? C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer
? 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England.
? A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer
? C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson
三．莎士比亚William Shakespeare
?“All the world 's a stage, and all the men and women merely players.”——William Shakespeare
?William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have
meaning beyond the time and place of his plays. His four tragedies are Hamlet(《哈姆雷特》), Othello(《奥赛罗》), King Lear(《李尔王》) and Macbeth(《麦克白》).
?Shakespeare?s sonnets, 154 in number, are the only direct expression of the poet?s own feelings; Sonnet 18 deserves its fame because it is one of the most beautifully written verses in the English language
?诗选
?Sonnet 18
?Shall I compare thee to a Summer?s day?
?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
?Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
?And Summer?s lease hath all too short a date.
?（我怎能将你与夏日相比? /你比它更温和可爱：/动人的花蕾在五月咆哮的风中颤抖，/夏日的美好时光也绝不长久：）
?Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
?And often is his gold complexion dimm?d;
?And every fair from fair sometime declines,
?By chance, or nature?s changing course, untrimm?d;
?（太阳的金色光芒虽然耀眼，/却常常以灰暗的面貌出现；/再美貌的物什都逃不过凋谢，/命运流转或无意间将其拆解；）
?But thy eternal Summer shall not fade,
?Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow?st
?Nor shall Death brag thou wander?st in his shade,
?When in eternal line to time thou grow?st.
?So long as men can breath or eyes can see,
?So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
?（可你如夏日般不会褪色, /你的美貌也将永存; /死神无法夸耀你曾在它的阴影中游荡, /伴随永恒的诗篇你将留存。/只要人类生生不息我的诗句能被见证, /你就会在传承中得到永生！）
?相关练习
? 1. Shakespeare?s greatest tragedies are the following works except ____.
? A. Hamlet B. King Lear C. Romeo and Juliet D. Othello
? 2. The Essence of Renaissance, the most significant intellectual movement, was_____.
? A. Geographical exploration B. Religious reformation
? C. Publishing and translation D. Humanism.
? 3. In “Sonnet 18”, Shakespeare_________________.
? A. Meditate on the destructive power of time and eternal beauty by poetry.
? B. Satirize(讽刺) human?s vanity.
? C. Predict(预测) the eternity of love.
? D. Eulogize(颂扬) the power of the beauty.
? 4. Which of the following statement best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare?s Sonnet 18?
? A. The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.
? B. The speaker satirizes human vanity.
? C. The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.
? D. The speaker meditates on man?s salvation.
? 5. The Renaissance refers to between 14th-mid-17th century, which was under the reign of Queen ___and absolute monarchy in England reached its summit, and in which the ?real mainstream (真正的文学主流)? was ____.
? A. Victoria/poetry
?B. Elizabeth/ drama
? C. Mary/ novel
? D. James/ drama
? 6. _____, the first of the great tragedies, is generally regarded as Shakespeare?s most popular play on the stage, for it has the qualities of a “blood-and-thunder”
thriller and a ?philosophical exploration? of life and death.
? A. The Merchant of V enice B. Hamlet
? C. King Lear D. The Winter?s Tale
四．18世纪英国文学
?The 18th-century England is known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason.
?17th century writer John Milton ranks as one of the greatest poets in the history of English literature. His masterpiece Paradise Lost(失乐园)was published in 1667. Later another epic poem Paradise Regained(复乐园), sequel to Paradise Lost, was published with the poetic drama Samson Agonistes(力士参孙).
?The mid-18th century was, however, predominated by a newly rising literary form, the modern English novel, which, contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats, gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people. ?Daniel Defoe is considered to be the father of the English novel. His masterpiece is Robinson Crusoe.It is considered to be the first English novel ?Jonathan Swift is generally considered the greatest prose satirist(讽刺散文家) in English literature. His language is simple, clear and vigorous. He once asserted: “ Proper words in proper place, makes the true definition of a style.”他曾把文字风格定义成“恰到好处的词语用在恰到好处的地方”
?There are no ornaments in his writings. In simple, direct and precise prose, Swift is almost unsurpassed in English literature.
?Gulliver's Travels, Jonathan Swift's best fictional work, contains four parts, each about one particular voyage during which Gulliver has extraordinary adventures on some remote island after he has met with shipwreck or pirac y or some other misfortune.
?相关练习
? 1. In which of the following works can you find the proper names "Lilliput", "Brobdingnag", Houyhnhnm" and "Yahoo”?
A. The Pilgrim’s Progress
B. The Farrie Queene
C. Gulliver’s Travels
D. The School of Scandal
2. ______is a typical feature of Swift’s writings.
A. Elegant style
B. Causal narration
C. Bitter satire
D. Complicated sentence structure
3. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver’s Travels are________.
A. horses that are endowed with reason.
B. pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualities
C. giants that are superior in wisdom.
D. Hairy, wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in some other ways.
五．浪漫主义诗歌
?（一）先驱：Robert Burns 罗伯特·彭斯，William Blake 威廉·布莱克
?Robert Burns is a national poet of Scotland, a poet of peasants, his poems are written in Scottish dialect. A Red, Red Rose(《红红的玫瑰》) and Auld lang Syne are his most popular poems.
?To see a world in a grain of sand, /And a heaven in a wild flower, /Hold infinity in the palm of your hand, /And eternity in an hour. ——William Blake一花一世界，一沙一天国，君掌盛无边，刹那含永劫。
?
?（二）代表诗人：
? 1. Escapist romanticists / Lake Poets(湖畔派诗人) (William W ordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey)
? 2. active romanticists /demonic group/Satanic school (撒旦派) (George Gordon Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats)
?English Romanticism is generally said to have began in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth & Coleridge?s Lyrical Ballads and to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott?s death.
?William W ordsworth started with Samuel Taylor Coleridge the English Romantic movement with their collection Lyrical Ballads in 1798.Lyrical Ballads《抒情歌谣集》followed by “The Preface to the Lyrical Ballads”—served as the manifesto（宣言）of the English Romantic Movement in poetry. ?“All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings that takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.”——William W ordsworth（诗是强烈情感的自然流露；诗源于在平静中积累的情感。）
?相关练习
? 1. The Romantic Movement expressed a more or less______ attitude toward the existing social and political conditions.
? A. positive B. negative C. neutral D. indifferent
? 2. For the Romantics, ____is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject matter.
? A.love B.man C.nature D.death
? 3. In the Romantic period, ____is the most prosperous literary form.
? A.prose B.poetry C.fiction D.play
? 4. Romanticism is a period of British literature roughly dated from__.
? A.1660-----1798 B.1798----1832
? C.1483-----1546 D.1836-----1901
? 5. The two major novelists of the English Romantic Period are _____and Walter Scott.
? A. Washington Irving B. Jane Austen
? C. Herman Melville D. Charles Dickens
? 6.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following EXCEPT ___.
? A. the use of everyday language spoken by the common people
? B. the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings
? C. the use of humble and rustic life as subject matter
? D. the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech
?7. The publication of “_______”marked the beginning of Romantic Age.
? A. Don Juan B. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
?C. The Lyrical Ballads D. Queen Mab
?8. The major representatives of the poetic revolution in English Romantic period were Samuel Taylor Coleridge and____.
? A. William Blake B. William Wordsworth
? C. John Keats D. Percy Bysshe Shelley
?
?
?诗选
?I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud——William Wordsworth
?I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
?Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
?The waves beside them danced, but they
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
A poet could not but be gay,
In such a jocund company:
I gazed--and gazed--but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought:
?For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.
?我好似一朵孤独的流云，
?高高地飘游在山谷之上，
?突然我看到一大片鲜花，
?是金色的水仙遍地开放。
?它们开在湖畔，开在树下
?它们随风嬉舞，随风飘荡
?
?它们密集如银河的星星，
?像群星在闪烁一片晶莹；
?它们沿着海湾向前伸展，
?通往远方仿佛无穷无尽；
?一眼看去就有千朵万朵，
?万花摇首舞得多么高兴。
?粼粼湖波也在近旁欢跳，
?却不如这水仙舞得轻俏；
?诗人遇见这快乐的旅伴
?又怎能不感到欢欣雀跃；
?我久久凝视--却未领悟
?这景象所给予我的精神至宝。
?后来多少次我郁郁独卧，
?感到百无聊赖心灵空漠；
?这景象便在脑海中闪现，
?多少次安慰过我的寂寞
?我的心又随水仙跳起舞来，
?我的心又重新充满了欢乐
?
?George Gordon Byron
?As a leading Romanticist, Byrons chief contribution is his creation of the “Byronic hero”, a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. Such a hero appears first in Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, and then further developed in later works such as the Oriented Tales, Manfred, and Don Juan in different guises. Don Juan(《唐·璜》)is Byron’s masterpiece, an epic satire.
?诗选
?She Ｗalks in Ｂeauty——George Gordon Byron
?She walks in beauty like the night
?Of cloudless climes and starry skies
?And all that's best of dark and bright
?Meets in her aspect and her eyes;
?Thus mellow'd to that tender light
?Which Heaven to gaudy day denies.
?
?One shade the more one ray the less
?Had half impair'd the nameless grace
?Which waves in every raven tress
?Or softly lightens o'er her face
?Where thoughts serenely sweet express
?How pure how dear their dwelling-place.
?
?And on that cheek and o'er that brow
?So soft so calm yet eloquent
?The smiles that win the tints that glow
?But tell of days in goodness spent，
? A mind at peace with all below
? A heart whose love is innocent.
?她走在美的光彩中，像夜晚
?皎洁无云而且繁星满天；
?明与暗的最美妙的色泽
?在她的仪容和秋波里呈现；
?耀目的白天且嫌光力强
?它比那光亮柔和而幽暗。
?
?增加或减少一分明与暗
?就会损害这难言的美
?美波动在她乌黑的发上，
?或者散步淡淡的光辉；
?在那脸庞，恬静的思绪
?指明它的来处纯洁而珍贵。
?
?呵，那额际，哪先验的面颊，
?如此温和，平静，
?而又脉脉含情，
?那迷人的微笑，那容颜的光彩，
?都在说明一善良的生命；
?她的头脑安于世间的一切，
?她的心充溢这真纯的爱情！
?
?John Keats(墓志铭：Here lies one whose name was writ in water.)
?Keats’s poetry describes the beauty of the natural world and art as the vehicle for his poetic imagination.
?his four great odes: “Ode on Melancholy,”忧郁颂，“Ode on a Grecian Urn,”希腊古瓮颂，“Ode to a Nightingale,”夜莺颂，“Ode to Psyche;”心灵颂．
?“Beauty is truth, truth beauty —that is all”is quoted from his Ode on an Grecian Urn.
?
?Percy Bysshe Shelley
?Shelley?s Ode To The West Wind(《西风颂》1819), To a skylark(1820), The Cloud are regarded as three of the most beautiful nature poems in English language.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?” is a famous sentence from his Ode To The West Wind.
六．奥斯丁Jane Austen
?Austen's main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships. She is particularly preoccupied with the relationship between men & women in love. Stories of love & marriage provide the major themes in all her novels.
?代表作品：Sense and Sensibility 《理智与情感》；Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》；Emma (1816)《爱玛》
?Pride and Prejudice has been the most widely read among them. This novel is Jane Austen’s masterpiece. The main subject in the novel is stated in the first sentence of the novel: “It is a truth universall y acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.“(大凡有钱的单身汉总要娶位太太，这是一条举世公认的真理。)
?选段翻译
?It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.
?However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.
?“What is his name?”
?“Bingley.”
?“Is he married or single?”
?“Oh! single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!”
?“How so? how can it affect them?”
?“My dear Mr. Bennet," replied his wife, "how can you be so tiresome! Y ou must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them.”
七．The Victorian Period维多利亚时代的小说
?Chronologically the Victorian period roughly coincides with the reign of Queen Victoria over England from 1836 to 1901.In literature, the early Victorian age can be said to be the age of novel, or the age of critical realism. Among the famous novelists of the time were the critical realists like Charles Dickens, William Makepeace Thackery, Charlotte Bronte etc. In this period of intense class struggle appeared a new literary trend- --critical realism. English realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the early fifties. The major contribution made by the 19th century critical realists lies in their perfection of the novel.90年代哈代(Thomas Hardy)的一系列富有悲剧色彩的“威塞
克斯”（Wessex）小说为维多利亚时期的小说划上一个圆满的句号
（一）The Bront? Sisters勃朗特三姐妹
?Charlotte Bront?’s masterpiece Jane Eyre《简爱》is a first-person narrative of the title character. The success of the novel is also due to its introduction to the English novel the first governess heroine Jane Eyre.
?选段翻译
?“Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? —Y ou think wrong!… And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you…—it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God?s feet, equal—as we are!”?Emily Bront?: Wuthering Heights,《呼啸山庄》
?Emily Bronte published only one novel, Wuthering Heights . But that single work has its place among the masterpieces of English literature
?选段翻译
?“My great miseries in this world have been Heathcliff…s miseries, and I watched and felt each from the beginning: my great thought in living is himself. If all else perished(消失), and HE remained, I should still continue to be; and if all else remained, and he were annihilated（摧毁）, the universe would turn to a mighty stranger: I should not seem a part of it. - My love for Linton is like the foliage（叶子）in the woods: time will change it, I'm well aware, as winter changes the trees. My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath: a source of little visible delight, but necessary. Nelly, I AM Heathcliff! He's always, always in my mind: not as a pleasure, any more than I am always a pleasure to myself, but as my own being.”
?相关练习
?Who is the primary narrator of the novel?
Ａ. CatherineＢ. HeathcliffＣ. NellyＤ. Lockwood
（二）狄更斯Charles Dickens
?Dickens is one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Victorian Age. In A Tale of Two Cities Dickens takes the French Revolution as the background of his novel, and the “two cities” are Paris and London in the time of that revolution.
?Character-portrayal is the most distinguishing feature of his works His best-depicted characters are those innocent, virtuous, persecuted, helpless child characters such as Oliver Twist, Little Nell, David Copperfield and Little Dorrit.
?Oliver Twist is famous for its vivid descriptions of the workhouse & life of the underworld in the 19th-century London.
?David Copperfield is one of Dickens…s best works. It was his own favorite. It is written in the first person and is the most autobiographical of all his books
?选段翻译
?“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way--in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only.”
（三）哈代Thomas Hardy
?Most of his works have the gloomy, sullen landscape of W essex in the background. His pessimistic view of life predominates most of his works and earns him a reputation as a naturalistic writer.
?His masterpiece: Tess of the D’urbervilles, Jude the Obscure.The subtitle of the novel Tess of the D’urbervilles is A Pure Woman Faithfully Portrayed.
?
I. Each of the following below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would bet complete the statement. 1. The long poem ______ in Anglo-Saxon period was termed England’s national epic. A. The Canterbury Tales B. Paradise Lost C. The Song of Beowulf D. The Fairy Queen 2. Romance, which uses verse or prose to describe the adventures and life of the knights, is the popular literary form in ______. A. Romanticism B. Renaissance C. medieval period D. Anglo-Saxon period 3. Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of____. A. Piers Plowman B. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C. Confessio Amantis D. The Canterbury Tales 4. _______ is regarded as the father of English poetry. A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Edmund Spenser C. John Milton D. W. Wordsworth 5. It is _____ alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Martin Luther C. William Shakespeare D. John Gower 6. One of Chaucer’s main contributions to English poetry is ______. A. he introduced the rhymed stanzas from France to English poetry B. he created striking brilliant panorama of his time and his country C. he wrote in blank verse D. he was the first to write sonnet 7. During the Renaissance, _______ was the first one to introduce the sonnet into English poetry. A. Chaucer B. John Donne C. Thomas Wyatt D. Earl of Surrey 8. During the Renaissance, _______ wrote the first English blank verse. A. Chaucer B. Edmund Spencer C. Thomas Wyatt D. Earl of Surrey 9. Which of the following historical events does not directly help to stimulate the rising of the Renaissance Movement？ A. The rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture B. The new discoveries in geography and astrology C. The Glorious revolution D. The religious reformation and the economic expansion 10. The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events. Which one of the following is NOT such an event? A. The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B. England’s domestic rest C. New discovery in geography and astrology. D. The religious reformation and the economic expansion. 11. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between ______ and ______ centuries. A. 14th...mid-17th B. 14th...mid-18th C. 16th...mid-18th D. 16th...mid-17th 12. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is_______. A. science B. philosophy C. arts D. humanism 13. _______ frequently applied conceits in his poems. A. Edmund Spenser B. John Donne C. William Blake D. Thomas Gray 14. _______ is known as “the poet’s poet”. A. William Shakespeare B. Christopher Marlowe C. Edmund Spenser D. John Donne 15. Romance，which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of____ adventures or other heroic deeds，is a popular literary form in the medieval period. A. Christian B. knightly C. pilgrims D. primitive 16. ________ and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanism. A. Edmund Spenser, Christopher Marlowe B. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe
考试课程：英国文学史及选读考核类型：A 卷 考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业：英语考试班级：英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s
浙江省2018年1月高等教育自学考试 英国文学选读试题 课程代码：10054 Part I. Choose the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A. (10%) Section A A B (1)Jonathan Swift（） A. The Rainbow (2)D.H. Lawrence （） B. Adam Bede (3)Emily Brontё（） C. Gulliver’s Travels (4)Thomas Hardy （） D. Wuthering Heights (5)George Eliot（） E. Far From the Madding Crowd Section B A B (1) Middlemarch（） A. Shylock (2) Jane Eyre（） B. Sir Peter Teazle (3) The Merchant of Venice（） C. Mr. Rochester (4) Mrs. Warren’s Profession（） D. Will Ladislas (5) The School for Scandal（） E. Vivie Part II. Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook. (5%) 1. In Paradise Lost, the author intended to expose the ways of Satan and to “justify the ways of _________ to men.” 2. As the greatest novelist of the Victorian period, Charles Dickens set out a full map, and a large -scale criticism of the _________century. 3. In Jane Austen’s novels, stories of _________ and marriage provide the major themes. 4. In the novel Tess of the D’Urbervilles, the two men Alec and _________ are both agents of the destructive force of the society. 1
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题） 2. Romance （名词解释） 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story 4. Ballad（名词解释） 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet) 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)8. Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More——Utopia 10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读） 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读） 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要，特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament，另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。 16. John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress 17. Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images. 18. Enlightenment（名词解释） 19. Neoclassicism（名词解释） 20. Richard Steele——“The Tatler” 21. Joseph Addison——“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。 22. Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions 23. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations 24. Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; （我们主要讲了三个地方）“A Modest Proposal”比较重要，要注意作者用的irony 也就是反讽手法。 25. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature. 26. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, 当然是Robinson Crusoe比较重要，剧情要清楚，Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature，另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。 27. Samuel Richardson——“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison” 28. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要仔细看。他是一个比较重要的作家，另外Fielding也被称为father of the English novel. 29. Laurence Sterne——“Tristram Shandy”项狄传 30. Richard Sheridan——“The School for Scandal” 31. Oliver Goldsmith——“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted V illage” (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good-Natured Man” (comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” (comedy),
Hamlet is the first work of literature to look squarely at the stupidity, falsity and sham of everyday life, without laughing and without easy answers. In a world where things are not as they seem, Hamlet…s genuineness, thoughtfulness, and sincerity make him special. Hamlet is no saint. But unlike most of the other characters (and most people today), Hamlet chooses not to compromise with evil. Dying, Hamlet reaffirms the tragic dignity of a basically decent person in a bad world Hamlet is the first work of literature to show an ordinary person looking at the futility and wrongs in life, asking the toughest questions and coming up with honest semi-answers like most people do today. Unlike so much of popular culture today, "Hamlet" leaves us with the message that life is indeed worth living, even by imperfect people in an imperfect world. 犹豫scholars have debated for centuries about Hamlet's hesitation in killing his uncle. Some see it as a plot device to prolong the action, and others see it as the result of pressure exerted by the complex philosophical and ethical issues that surround cold-blooded murder, calculated revenge and thwarted desire. More recently, psychoanalytic critics have examined Hamlet's unconscious desires (Freud concludes that Hamlet has an "Oedipal desire for his mother and the subsequent guilt [is] preventing him from murdering the man [Claudius] who has done what he unconsciously wanted to do". Robinson Crusoe is a grand hero in westerners? eyes. He survived in the deserted island and lived a meaningful life. He almost has everything needed for becoming a successful man, such as his excellent creativity, great working capacity, courage, and persistence in overcoming obstacles. But he has shortcomings, too. Sometimes he was irresolute; he was not confident; he was fetishistic, although his belief had done him much good. He serves somehow as a lighthouse for the ambitious people. It?s also instructive for average people. Robinson was the representative of the bourgeois of the 18th C. It was the time when bourgeois grew stronger and stronger. The author Defoe paid a tribute to bourgeois by creating such a rational, powerful, clever, and successful man. 【Themes of Robinson Crusoe】 1. The ambivalence of mastery In short, while Crusoe seems praiseworthy in mastering his fate by overcoming his obstacles, and controlling his environment, the praiseworthiness of his mastery over his fellow human Friday is more doubtful. Defoe explores the link between the two in his depiction of the colonial mind. 2. The necessity of Repentance Crusoe?s experiences constitute not simply an adventure story in which thrilling things happen, but also a moral tale illustrating the right and wrong ways to live one?s life. Crusoe?s story instruct s others in God?s wisdom, and one vital part of this wisdom is the importance of repenting one?s sins. 3. The Importance of Self-Awareness Crusoe?s arrival on the island does not make him revert to a brute existence and he remains conscious of himself at all times. His island existence actually deepens his self-awareness as he withdraws from the external society and turns inward. The idea that the individual must keep a careful reckoning of the state of his own soul is a key point in the Presbyterian doctrine that the aothor took seriously all his life. ·Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte The protagonist and title character, orphaned as a baby. She is a plain-featured, small and reserved but talented, sympathetic, hard-working, honest and passionate girl. Skilled at studying, drawing, and teaching, she works as a governess at Thornfield Hall and falls in love with her wealthy employer, Edward Rochester. But her strong sense of conscience does not permit her to become his mistress, and she does not return to him until his insane wife is dead and she herself has come into an inheritance. 【Themes of Jane Eyre】 1. Gender relations A particularly important theme in the novel is patriarchalism and Jane…s efforts to assert her own identity within male-dominated society. Among the three of the main male characters,
.. ;.. 一．中古英语时期 Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly a dventures or other heroic deeds. Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature. Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism. 二．文艺复兴Renaissance Renaissance r efers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world. It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑）and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. This was England’s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth r eigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance i s the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance E ngland are Christopher Marlowe and W illiam Shakespeare. The greatest of the pioneers of English drama was Christopher Marlowe. Francis Bacon was the best known essayist of this period. “Of Studies” is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. Thomas More ——Utopia Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene 相关练习 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language? A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene C. Beowulf D. Hamlet 2. _____ is the father of English poetry. A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England. A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson 三．莎士比亚William Shakespeare “All t he world 's a stage, a nd all the men and women merely p layers.”——William Shakespeare William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have
····································密························封························线································ 学生答题不得超过此线
····································密························封························线································ 学生答题不得超过此线
····································密························封························线································ 学生答题不得超过此线
班级_________________学号姓名考试科目英美文学史及作品选读【（1）】B卷闭卷共 5 页 学生答题不得超过此线····································密························封························线································
班级_________________学号姓名考试科目英美文学史及作品选读【（1）】B卷闭卷共 5 页 学生答题不得超过此线····································密························封························线································
做试题,没答案?上自考365,网校名师为你详细解答! 浙江省2007年10月高等教育自学考试 英国文学选读试题 课程代码：10054 Ⅰ.Choose the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.(10%) Section A A B (1)Daniel Defoe ( ) A. The Pilgrim’s Progress (2)Charles Dickens ( ) B. The Silver Box (3)John Bunyan ( ) C. Robinson Crusoe (4)Richard Sheridan ( ) D. A Tale of Two Cities (5)John Galsworthy ( ) E. The School for Scandal Section B A B (1) Jane Eyre( ) A. Irene (2) The Man of Property( ) B. Mr. Rochester (3) The Merchant of Venice( ) C. Satan (4) Paradise Lost( ) D. Sophia Western (5) The History of Tom Jones ( ) E. Portia Ⅱ.Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook.(5%) 1. In the era of the Renaissance, the humanists made attempts to get rid of those old ______ ideas in medieval Europe. 2. The ______ century was an age of prose. A group of excellent writers, such as Swift, Fielding were produced. 3. English ______ is generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads. 4. In the V ictorian period, the______ as a literary genre became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought. 5. The Waste Land by T.S. Eliot is a poem concerned with the spiritual breakup of a modern 1
一．中古英语时期 ?Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. ?The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds. ?Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature. ?Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism. 二．文艺复兴Renaissance ?Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world. ?It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑）and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. ?Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. ?This was England’s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth reigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England ? ?“Of Studies” is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. ?Thomas More ——Utopia ?Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene 相关练习 ? 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language? ? A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene ? C. Beowulf D. Hamlet ? 2. _____ is the father of English poetry. ? A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare ? C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer ? 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England. ? A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer ? C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson 三．莎士比亚William Shakespeare ?“All the world 's a stage, and all the men and women merely players.”——William Shakespeare ?William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have