非谓语动词
动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作V + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有表示主、被动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语)。
（一）动词不定式
动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。
宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如：
（1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other.
（2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式to set up… 为表语，主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的）。不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。
【例如】
The most important thing for one's health is to have plenty of exercise.
My chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of the matter.
The purpose of the organization is to greet all new comers to the city and to provide them with any necessary information.
What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.
（3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? （接不定式作宾语的动词：want, wish, hope, decide, agree, plan, promise, refuse, afford, happen, would like.want、wish、hope、decide、happen、refuse.woul dlike….afford,agree,apply,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,begin,care,choose,claim,consent,demand,desire,det ermine,expect,fail,hesitate,hate,intend,learn,like,manage,mean,neglect,offer,plan,prepare
pretend,promise,refuse,resolve,seek,tend,threaten,等。had better、why not,would rather ...than(宁愿……也不), had better...(最好)，can't help but...(不得不), had rather...(宁愿)，cannot but...(不得不，必然)，may/might as well...(不妨)，let alone(更不用说)等要跟省去to的不定式）
（4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street.
动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way.
（5）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.
（6）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语：Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词+ 动词不定式，表示“足能…”的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now.
不定式常用来修饰形容词，构成下列词组：be able to, be afraid to, be apt to, be bound to, be certain to, be easy to,be eager to, be fit to, be likely to, be ready to, be sure to, be unable to, be unwilling to, be willing to等。
3、疑问词+ 动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.
4、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for 本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，如：It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：It is very kind of you to help him every day.
5、动词不定式的否定式：动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成，如：It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting.
6、动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：（1）一般式：动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play table tennis.（同时）；（2）完成式：动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，如：I am sorryto have kept you waiting.（3）进行式：动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中，而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.
7、动词不定式的被动语态用法：如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般就用被动语态形式，如：What is to be done next hasn’t been decided yet.
不定式用法
1、不定式作宾语：
（1）在英语中，有部分动词要跟不定式作宾语，常见的这类动词有：want、wish、hope、decide、happen、refuse、would like….
（2）had better、why not等要跟省去to的不定式。
（3）动词不定式与which、what、how、when、where、whether连用，常用作宾语，相当于宾语从句。（4）当不定式作宾语，宾语后面还有宾语补足语时，通常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语-----不定式放在句末，如：We found it difficult to finish the work in two hours.
例题：
（1）I’m sorry. I forget the book to you.
A. to bring
B.bringing
C.bring
D.brought
（2）You’d better football in the street.
A.not playing
B.not to play
C.don’t play
D.not play
(3)There is no difference between the two roads. I nearly don’t know .
A. what to choose(选择)
B.which to choose
C.to choose which
D.to choose what
(4)Most kids find interesting to play football.
A.it
B.this
C.that
D.one
2、不定式作定语：
不定式作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词之后，如果该不定式是一个短语动词，要注意不要遗漏后面的介词，如：
Please lend me a pen to write with.
She found him a good comrade to work with.
例题：
（1）After the P.E. class, the teacher offered us something .
A.drink
B.dringking
C.drunk
D.to drink
(2)If the launch(发射) in 2005 is successful, China will be the third country its astronauts (宇航员)
into space after Russia and the U.S.
A.send
B.sends
C.sending
D.to send
3、不定式作状语：
不定式作状语，通常表示目的或结果。
a. 表示目的，如：He came here to borrow my bike.
They stopped to have a rest.
b. 表示结果，有以下句型：
（1）“too+形容词+to do sth”表示“太…以至于不能做某事”：He is too young to go to school.
(2)“enough+to do sth”表示“足够…能够….”：He is old enough to join the army.
例题：
（1）The little girl was too frightened a word.
A.not to tell
B.not to say
C.to tell
D.to say
(2)He worked fast for us catch up with.
A.so; that
B.such; that
C.enough; to
D.too; to
4、不定式作宾语补足语：
有些及物动词，如果只有宾语，意思还不完整，这时需要用一个不定式，补充说明宾语的动作或特征。这种用来说明宾语的动作或特征的不定式，称为不定式作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语，如：His parents want him to be a doctor.
不定式作宾语补足语时，有时带to, 有时要省略to。
（1）在ask, tell, teach, want等动词后面的不定式，作宾语补足语时，要带to.
（2）在感官动词see, hear, watch ,amell以及let, make ,have等后面的不定式作宾语补足语时，要省去to, 但在被动语态中要加上to.
例题：
(1)----Could you give me a hand, please? ----Sure. What would you like me ?
A.do
B.to do
C.doing
D.does
(2) Let him a rest. I think he must be tried after the long walk.
A.have
B.gets
C.to take
D.has
(3) It was raining heavily outside. The father made the children in the room.
A.to say
B.stay
C.staying
D.stayed
(4) ---- I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhang’s home just now.
-----Yes, she is often seen the old man with his housework.
A. help
B.to help
C.helps
D.helped
5、不定式作主语：
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，如：
It’s very important to learn English well.
It takes me half an hour to go to school by bike.
例题：
（1）is difficult to work on the Great Wall.
A.This
B.It
C.That
D.It’s
（2）That bridge is almost broken. Is not safe to cross the bridge.
A.It
B.She
C.This
D.That
6、不定式的否定式：
不定式的否定式在不定式动词前直接加not或者never
例题：
（1）Yesterday afternoon Mrs Green told the boys football in the classroom.
A.didn’t play
B.to not play
C.not play
D.not to play
（2）The headmaster asked the pupils too late on weekdays.
A. not get up
B.not to get up
C.don’t get up
D.to not get up
(3) You’d better go fishing in such bad weather.
A.not
B.not to
C.to not
D.don’t
练习：
( )1.The teacher often tells Jim and John too much time playing vodeo games.
A.not to spend
B.to not spend
C.don’t spend
D.doesn’t
( )2.It is very nice you me about it.
A.for; tell
B.of; say
C.to; to speak
D.of, to tell
( )3.All of us found difficult to work out the maths problem.
A.it
B.that
C.which
D.this
( )4.They couldn’t decide which hotel .
A.to stay
B.was to stay
C.to stay at
D.they would stay
( )5.He has no paper to .
A.to write
B.to write with
C.writing on
D.to write on
动词不定式练习全攻略
( )1. ---- Can you ride a horse? ---- No, I never had the chance ____.
A. for learning it
B. for learning how
C. how to learn it
D. to learn how ( )2. Paul said, "Give me a chair _____."
A. to sit
B. sit
C. sit on
D. to sit on ( )3. ---- I'll help you whenever you need me. ---- Good. I'd like _____me tomorrow.
A. you helping
B. that you will help
C. you to help
D. that you help ( )4. ---- I didn't hear you come in last night. ---- That's good. We tried_____ noisy.
A. not be
B. not to be
C. to be not
D. to not be ( )5. That box is____.
A. too heavy for me to carry
B. too heavy for me to carry it
C. so heavy for me to carry
D. very heavy for me to carry
( )6. Last summer I took a course on ______ .
A. how to make dresses
B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses
D. how dresses to be made
( )7. The house is not large enough ____ .
A. to live in
B. to be lived in
C. to live
D. for living ( )8. It's very foolish _____ it.
A. for you to say
B. of you to say
C. with you saying
D. in your saying
( )9. It ______ me two hours to find your new house.
A. cost
B. took
C. spent
D. used
( )10. Tom kept quiet about the accident ______ lose his job.
A. so not as to
B. so as not to
C. so as to not
D. not so as to
( )11. I was surprised______.
A. watching him to eat so quickly
B. watch him eat so quickly
C. watching him eat so quickly
D. to watch him eat so quickly
( )12. Mr. White was seen ______ the Palace Museum.
A. enter
B. to enter
C. entered
D. to entering
( )13. I saw Mary ____ the house.
A. open the door and go into
B. to open the door and to go into
C. open the door and to go into
D. open the door and went into
（二）动名词
动名词形式仍保留有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。
2、动名词的基本用法。
（1）作主语：Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。Talking is easier than doing. –ing作主语时，如果其结构较长，可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的-ing后置。如：It isn’t much good writing to them again. It’s no use waiting here.
（2）作表语：Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.
（3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语。She likes drawing very much.；②作某些短语动词的宾语。Mary is thinking of going back to New York.；③do+限定词（my, some, any, the等）+ -ing，表示“做…事”之意，如：We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon? ④作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics.；⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语：This book is well worth reading. –ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时，要用it作为形式宾语，而将作宾语的-ing后置，如：We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again? （接动名词作宾语的动词/短语：enjoy, practice, finish, mind, admit, allow, deny, avoid, keep, suggest, consider, advise, imagine, miss, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t/ couldn’t help, look forward to, be used to等。介词后面一般要用动名词作宾语）
（4）作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注：-ing 形式作定语用时，如果-ing只是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是-ing短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后，-ing作定语时，被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。另外，-ing作定语用时，其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行的，如果不是同时进行的，就不能用-ing作定语，要使用定语从句，如：The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well.
（5）作宾语补足语：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 注：当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时，句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语，可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。
（6）作状语：①时间状语：Seeing Tom, I couldn’t help thinking of his brother. 分词在句中作时间状语时，其前一般可加when或while，如：When crossing street, you must be careful. ②原因状语：Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. ③方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.
3、主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。主动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语，并且是它所表示的动作的执行者，如：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.
4、被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法。被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作，
而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定语或状语用。如：The truck being repaired there is ours.
5、被动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用。如：Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.
6、-ing形式的复合结构。在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，如：Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 但在口语中，这种结构如作宾语用，其中的物主代词常用人称代词的宾格，名词的所有格常用名词的普通格代替，如：She insisted on Peter’s (or Peter)going there first.
7、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别。一般说来，表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式。表示一个具体某一次的动作时，多用动词不定式，如：Our job is making steel. She likes playing the piano, but she doesn't want to play it today.
8、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别。-ing形式作定语用时，其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生，而动词不定式作定语时，其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。如：The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well./I have three letters to write.
9、-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。（1）不定式作宾补时，其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，如：I have told them to come again tomorrow.（2）在see, watch, hear, feel等之后，如果用-ing形式作宾补，表示其动作正在进行中，而用不带to的不定式作宾补时，不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程，如：I hear her singing in the room.我听见她正在屋里唱歌。I hear her sing in the room.我听见她在屋里唱过歌。
10、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别。-ing形式在句作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况，而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时，一般是作目的或结果状语，如：Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I looked into the window to see what was going on inside.
练习（二）
( )1. Alien said that his trip was _______.
A. interested
B. interest
C. interesting
D. of interest
( )2. It is no good ______ today's work for tomorrow.
A. to leave
B. leaving
C. that you leave
D. leave
( )3. It is no use _____to come now. He is busy.
A. ask him
B. to ask him
C. that you ask him
D. asking him
( )4. It's very kind ______ you ______ say so.
A. of, to
B. for, to
C. to, to
D. of, /
( )5. Remember ______ the book, when you have finished it.
A. putting back
B. having put back
C. to put back
D. will put back
( )6. You can keep the book until you ______ .
A. have finished reading
B. finish to read
C. will finish reading
D. have finished to read
( )7. We are looking forward to ______ another chance ______ it again.
A. be given, to try
B. give, to try .
C. giving, trying
D. having, to try
( )8. Most of the students enjoy_____ stamps.
A. collect
B. to collect
C. collecting
D. collected
( )9. Excuse me for _____ in without ______.
A. coming, asking
B. coming, being asked
C. to come, asking
D. to come, being asked
( )10. People couldn't help ______ the foolish girl.
A. laugh at
B. to laugh at
C. laughing at
D. laughing :
( )11. I was too excited ______ .
A. speak
B. to speak
C. not to speak
D. speaking
( )12. Tommy had his big brother _____ his shoes for him.
A. to tie
B. tie
C. tied
D. tying
( )13. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature ______.
A. taking
B. to take
C. take
D. taken
( )14. Do you know the boy _______ under the big tree?
A. lay
B. lain
C. laying
D. lying
( )15. I'd ______ the operation unless it is absolutely necessary.
A. rather not have
B. rather not to have
C. not rather had
D. rather not having
（三）过去分词
1、过去分词的基本用法：过去分词只有一种形式，也没有主动语态，它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：
（1）作定语：过去分词作定语时，如果这个分词是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是分词短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语，如：The stolen car was found by the police last week.
（2）作表语：过去分词作表语时，表示其逻辑主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句中的主语，如：The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的。注：过去分词作表语时，和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意义不同，如：The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。
（3）作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语，如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注：动词have后的复合宾语中，宾语补足语如为过去分词，常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的，如：I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我（找别人）把我的自行车给修了。
（4）作状语：过去分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句，该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语，是过去分词所表示意义的逻辑宾语。为了使作状语的过去分词意义更加明确，常在分词前加when, if, while, though, as等连词，如：Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.（we是该结构的逻辑主语，是give的逻辑宾语。）
1、分词有现在分词和过去分词两种，它们有时态和语态上的区别。
（1）时态上的区别：现在分词表示正在进行的动作；过去分词表示已经完成的动作。e.g. boiling water.沸水（正在开的水）。Boiled water.温/凉开水。The changing world正在发生的世界；the changed world已经起了变化的世界。
（2）语态上的区别：现在分词表示主动；过去分词表示被动。an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演说；the inspired audience受鼓舞的听众。
2、现在分词与过去分词作表语的用法区别：
（1）现在分词作表语，表示句中主语所具有的特征，意思是“令人如何如何”。
（2）过去分词作表语多表示主语（人）的心理状态，意即“对什么感到如何”。
3、分词作定语
（1）单个的分词作定语，通常放在所修饰的名词前e.g.the working people.
(2)分词短语作定语,通常后置。e.g.the people working there.
（3）分词作定语可以用一个定语从句代替，现在分词变成从句时，从句谓语是主动的；过去分词变成从句时，从句谓语是被动的。
e.g.The man standing there is my teacher.
=The man who is standing there is my teacher.
The book written by Lu Xun.
=The book that was written by Lu Xun.
4、现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别：
（1）现在分词一般式表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生。e.g.Seeing the picture,we couldn’t help laughing.
（2）现在分词完成式所表示的动作先于句中的谓语动词。
e.g. Having finished our work,we went home.
（3）过去分词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作发生之前已经完成或发生，通常带有被动之意。
e.g. Persuaded by his mother,the naught boy went home alone happily.
（4）不及物动词后面所带的动词-ing 形式，该动词-ing形式是现在分词，而不是动名词，它们在句中作状语，而不是作宾语。如go swimming, go hunting.
（5）分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，要用独立主格结构。e.g.It being Sunday,the libra ry doesn’t open to the public.
There being no vehicle,we had to walk home
练习（二）
( )1. While _____ football on the playground, I found 'my keys ______.
A. playing, lost ,
B. play, losing
C. played, being lost
D. having played, lost
( )2. The new shopping center _____ now will be put into use by the end of this year.
A. built
B. be built
C. being built
D. to be built
( )3. "Have you had supper?" "Not yet. The meal_____."
A. are being cooked
B. is being cooked
C. is cooked
D. are cooked
( )4. "I'm glad ______ you here in the hotel." "It's my great pleasure to have you ______ us."
A. meeting, to
B. to have met, with
C. having met, among
D. to meet, of
( )5. I'm afraid I can't make myself _____ in English.
A. understanding
B. understand
C. to be understood
D. understood
( )6. Janet is easy _____.
A. for getting along with
B. by getting along with
C. to get along with
D. got along with
( )7. Don't forget ______ the light when you leave.
A. turn off
B. to turn off
C. turning off
D. turned off
( )8. I think this story is _____ .
A. worth being read
B. worth reading
C. worth to read
D. worth of reading
( )9. When she returned home, she found the window open and something ______.
A. stealing
B. missed
C. stolen
D. to steal
( )10. Bob should love _____ to the party tomorrow evening.
A. taking
B. to be taken
C. to take
D. being taken
( )11. Mr. Brown said that his car needed ______.
A. to be repaired
B. being repaired
C. be repairing
D. to repair
( )12. I remember _____ someone ____ the umbrella away.
A. to see, take
B. having seen, to take
C. to see, to take
D. having seen, take
( )13. She was noticed ______ the shop.
A. to enter
B. enter
C. having entered
D. entered
( )14. He would rather ______ his parents with their housework than _____ out to play games.
A. to help, to go
B. help, go
C. help, to go
D. to help, go
( )15. The boy had his leg _____ while ____ football.
A. broken, playing
B. break, play
C. broken, played
D. broke, was playing
( )16. Having finished the work,_____.
A. it was almost six o'clock
B. a postman came and delivered the evening paper and some letters
C. supper had been already prepared
D. we had a rest and then had supper
( )17. He is ill. He has kept_____.
A. coughing all along
B. to cough at night
C. cough since yesterday
D. being coughed day and night
( )18. It is no use ____ without _____.
A. to talk, doing
B. taking, being done
C. talking, doing
D. being talked, being to do
( )19. "I usually go there by boat." "Why not _____ by train for a change?"
A. try going
B. to try going
C. trying to go
D. to try and go
( )20. Every morning he gets up early and practises ______ and then _____ to school.
A. to read English, go
B. reading English, going
C. reading English, goes
D. of reading English, goes
( )21. Dick made it ______ to all his friends.
A. to know
B. known
C. know
D. knowing
( )22. Anna spends one hour a day _____ spoken English.
A. practise
B. to practise
C. on practising
D. in practising
( )23. Although swimming is his favourite sport, yet he doesn't like _____ today.
A. to swim
B. swimming
C. swim
D. to have swim
( )24. I went ______a balloon but I didn't see anyone _____ balloons.
A. to buy, to sell
B. to buy, selling
C. buying, selling
D. buying, to sell
( )25. Anna is often heard ______songs in her room.
A. sung
B. singing
C. sing
D. to sing
( )26. The more you practise ______ English, the better your _____ English will be.
A. to speak, speaking
B. speaking, spoken
C. spoken, spoken
D. spoken, speaking
实战演练（三）
( )1. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard.
A. learn
B. to learn
C. learned
D. learning
( )2. You can’t have the horse ______ all the way. It’s too hot.
A. run
B. to run
C. running
D. to be running
( )3. When I came back, I found the house ______ and everything _____.
A. was broken; took away
B. broken into; taken away
C. had been broken; taken
D. break into; take away
( )4. _____ is bad for our health.
A. Doing eye exercises
B. Go to bed early
C. Eating too much
D. Taking a walk
( )5. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ____ on the ground on the way back home, but unfortunately for me, I found my color TV set ____when I got home.
A. lying; stolen
B. laying; stealing
C. lay; stolen
D. lying; stealing
( )6 –Did you hear her ______ this pop song this time the other day?
--Yes, and I heard this song ______ in English.
A. sing; singing
B. sung; sung
C. sung; singing
D. singing; sung
( )7. The money collected should be made good use _____ the people in South Asia who suffered a lot in the killer earthquake and tsunami.
A. of help
B. to help
C. to helping
D. of to help
( )8. You’d better _____ upstairs and tell the children_____ make so much noise.
A. go; not to
B. go; don’t
C. to go; not to
D. to go;don’t
( )9. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _____.
A. worried
B. to worry
C. worrying
D. worry
( )10.Lily likes _____ the clothes of light colour.
A. to put on
B. putting
C. to dress
D. wearing
( )11. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again.
A. it
B. it repaired
C. repaired
D. to be repaired
( )12. It’s too late. Why _____ now?
A. not to go
B. not going
C. not go
D. don’t go
( )13. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ next year.
A. carry out
B. carrying out
C. carried out
D. to carry out
( )14. He'd like to get it ______ today while they are at it.
A. settled
B. settling
C. to settle
D. being settled
( )15. I've had my radio _____ so soon because my father had me _____ it.
A. repair; done
B. repaired; do C repairing; do D. repaired; done
( )16．China is a_____________ country.
A. developed
B. developing
C. to develop
D. develops
( )17. __________ a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.
A. to wear
B. worn
C. wear
D. wearing
( )18.The story is ____________________.
A. interest
B. interested
C. interesting
D. to interest
( )19. Damin sits on the side of the river, __________ the meal for himself.
A. cooked
B. cooks
C. to cook
D. cooking
( )20.The entertainment building ___________ will be completed next year.
A. being built
B. built
C. be built
D. to build
非谓语动词 非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。 Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用） Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. （wearing ..分词起形容词作用） He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch ...不定式起副词作用) 谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别： 1)谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。 Miss Mary teaches us English. 玛丽教我们英语。（teaches 动词作谓语） Mr. Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. （to have a talk.... 不定式作状语） 2)谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。 Mike likes the pop music. （动词用单数第三人称形式） Lucy has nothing to do today。（do 用原形） 非谓语动词的形式变化： 不定式主动被动 一般to write to be written 进行to be writing 完成to have written to have been written 完成进行to have been writing 现在分词主动被动 一般writing being written 完成having written having been written 过去分词主动被动 一般written 动名词主动被动 一般writing being written 完成having written having been written ●动词不定式： 动词不定式是由to + 动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。(主语,宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语) 1. 动词不定式作主语： To master a language is not an easy thing. To teach English is my favorite. It's my pleasure to help you. 动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。 It's very kind of you to have given us much help. 你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。 It's necessary to find the witness. 有必要找到目击者。 2. 动词不定式作宾语： 某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask. What I wish is to learn English well.
一、选择题 1．We should try our best to prevent the air pollution________. A．from living a better life B．to live a better life C．live a better life D．lives a better life 2．—Do you prefer basketball with me? 一No,I’d rather at home and watch TV. A．play;stay B．to play;to stay C．play;to stay D．to play;stay 3．—I didn't hear you come in just now. —That's good. We tried________any noise, for you were sleeping. A．not make B．not to make C．to make D．making 4．If you really don’t know _______ at the party, you can come to me. A．who will you talk with B．who to talk C．who to talk to D．who you will talk 5．Look! There is a little cat ________ here and there on the floor. A．running B．run C．runs 6．She couldn’t help ________ when she heard the death of her grandmother. A．cry B．to cry C．crying D．to crying 7．—What do you think is the most important rule for a drive? —He or she must avoid_______ after drinking. A．driving B．no driving C．not to drive D．to drive 8．Young people enjoy ________ pop music. A．to listen to B．listen C．listening to D．to listen 9．We should do what we can _________ animals in danger. A．save B．to save C．saving D．saved 10．（2016天津中考）I wanted to see the Beijing Opera, so Lingling offered me to watch an opera. A．took B．takes C．to take D．taking 11．Dan shows an interest in musical instruments and is often heard _____ the guitar. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 12．I used to . But now I get used to doing everything. I’m successful at last. A．give up; keeping B．giving up; keeping C．giving up; keep D．give up; keep 13．We should do sports _________ us ________ fit. So I play basketball every day. A．to help; keep B．help; keeps C．help; keep D．to help; keeping 14．---I think you should stop ______ him in English. ---I see. He ca n’t understand English at all. Let me try in French.
非谓语动词（不定式、动名词） 【考点概述】 非谓语动词的本意是不能做谓语的词性，但是它具有谓语动词的性质。非谓语动词是英语中特有的，在汉语中没有此概念。所以在掌握此语法是比较困难的，在平时的备考之中应注意多多练习。 【考点释义】 考点一：不定式 （1）构成：to+动词原形（do）如： I like to swim. 注意：不定式有省“to”的不定式和不省“to”的不定式两类，但多数以不省“to”的不定式为主。如：I heard him (to)sing. 我听到他在唱歌。 （2）句法功能： 1. 作主语 在英语中为了避免头重脚轻，当不定式作主语时有时主语太长时我们用形式主语“it”来作“形式主语”，将真正主语移植动词不定时之后。形式主语也就是我们所说的“不定式的复合结构”。其构成为“It +be +(for/of sb) to do sth. 如： ① It is very important ( us) to study English. = To study English is very important for us. 学英语对我们来说是很重要的 ② It is very kind ( you) to help me. = To help me is very kind of you. 你帮助我太好了。 【易错警示】我们在区别“of”和“for”的方法如下： 当介词“of”或“for”后面接的代词与前面形容词之间能否构成主谓逻辑关系就决定是用介词“of”或“for”。如果能够成主谓逻辑关系时我们使用介词“of”，反之则用介词“for”。例如上述两个例子。 ①It is very important (for us) to study English. Us is very important.（不成立） 由于不能构成主谓关系，所以用介词“for”。 ②It is very kind (of you) to help me. You are very kind. (成立) 由于构成主谓关系，所以用介词“of”。 2. 作宾语 当动词不定式作宾语是表示的是一种打算、希望、命令等。如: ① I want to read English magazines every day. 我每天想读英语杂志。（表想，希望） ② I determine to go for a long holiday. 我决定去度一个长假。（表打算，决定）【归纳】常接不定式作宾语的动词有如下： want determine decide hope plan except would like 等。 3. 作宾补 当动词不定时作宾补即宾语补足语时宾补与宾语之间就会构成主谓的逻辑关系，宾补成立的条件唯此一条。 接不定式作宾补的动词有：“advice”、“ask”、“force”、“persuade”、
一、选择题 1．(2016·老河口期考)—What did the guard say to you just now? —He warned us_______any farther. There's danger ahead. A．didn't walk B．not to walk C．walk D．to walk 2．—________is the boy using his mobile phone________? —________for information. A．Why; / ; Search B．Why; for; To search C．What; for; Searching D．What; for; To search 3．—You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ to get the two tickets. —But the film is really worth _________ twice. A．managing; seeing B．to manage; seeing C．managing; being seen D．managed; to see 4．—It’s time _____ lunch. —OK. Let’s _____. A．for; go B．for; going C．to; going D．to; go 5．Let’s go to that shop________some school things. A．buying B．to buy C．bought 6．She couldn’t help ________ when she heard the death of her grandm other. A．cry B．to cry C．crying D．to crying 7．We should do what we can _________ animals in danger. A．save B．to save C．saving D．saved 8．My sister takes a great interest _______ stamps. A．to collecting B．in collecting C．to collect D．collecting 9．Would you mind _________ in class? A．no talking B．not talking C．no talk D．not talk 10．—What terrible weather!I simply can’t get the car________. —Why not try________the engine with some hot water? A．started; filling B．to start; filling C．started; to fill D．to start; to fill 11．The journey made them ________very tired. A．to feel B．feeling C．feel 12．During the mid-autumn festival, family members often gather together _______ а meal, admire the moon and enjoy the moon cakes. A．share B．to share C．sharing D．shared 13．—Do you prefer basketball with me? 一No,I’d rather at home and watch TV. A．play;stay B．to play;to stay C．play;to stay D．to play;stay 14．--- Would you mind me here? --- . The seat is for Mr. White.
初中非谓语动词最全总结 1、动词： finish doing sth、完成做某事；enjoy doing sth、喜欢做某事；practice doing sth、练习做某事；imagine doing,想象做某事；avoid doing sth、避免做某事；consider doing sth、考虑做某事；suggest doing sth、建议做某事；mind doing sth、介意做某事； keep doing sth、持续做某事 allow 允许resist抵抗miss错过advise建议stand(忍受)risk冒险forgive escape admit 2、固定短语： feel like doing sth、喜欢做某事；be busy doing sth、忙于做某事；be worth doing 值得做某事；spend time (in) doing sth、花费时间（金钱）做某事； have difficult/trouble in doing sth做某事有困难；have fun doing或have a good/great time doing做某事高兴prevent…from d oing阻止be busy doing忙着做help sb with doingkeep on持续 put off推迟feel like想要 3、介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等)如：be good at doing sth、；thank you for doing sth、；give up doing sth、；stop sb、 from doing sth、；do well in doing sth、；be afraid of doing sth、；
最新初中英语非谓语动词试题经典 一、非谓语动词 1．I prefer the failure rather than my dream. A. experience; to give up B. to experience; give up C. experiencing; giving up 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：我宁愿经历失败也不愿放弃我的梦想。空一，prefer to do rather than do宁愿做......而不愿做......，固定搭配，experience亲身经历、感受，动词，因此是to experience；空二，rather than+动词原形，意为“宁愿……而不愿……”，give up，放弃，故选B。 【点评】此题考查固定短语prefer to do rather than do。 2．My brother is a humorous young man. He often tells jokes to make us . A. laughing B. laugh C. to laugh 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：我哥哥是应该幽默的年轻人，他经常讲笑话让我们笑。make sb do sth ,使某人做某事，省略to的动词不定式，应该是动词原形，故选B。 【点评】考查省略to的动词不定式。make sb do sth ,使某人做某事。 3．—So beautiful flowers! I can't decide _____ for my mom.—For Mother's Day, it can't be better to take some carnations（康乃馨）. A. when to choose B. which to choose C. how to choose 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——如此漂亮的花。我无法诀定为我妈妈选哪一些。——为母亲节，没有比康乃馨更好的了。when to choose何时选，指时间，which to choose选什么，指事物，how to choose怎样选，指方式。本题表示“不知道为妈妈选什么花”，指事物，故选B。 4．—In my opinion, animals shouldn't be kept for fun. — I think so. Forests are the best places for animals ______________. A. live B. living C. to live D. to live in 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：——在我看来，动物不应该被用来取乐。——我想是的。森林是动物生存的最佳场所。places，地方，可数名词复数，与live之间是动宾关系，要用不定式作定语。live，居住，不及物动词，要在live加介词in，故选D。 【点评】考查不定式作定语。要根据动词种类添加适当的介词或副词。
非谓语动词总结 一．后面可跟动词的ing形式的情况 1.动词：finishdoingsth.完成做某事；enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事；practicedoingsth.练习做某事；imagine doing,想象做某事；avoid doing sth.避免做某事；considerdoingsth.考虑做某事；suggestdoingsth.建议做某事；minddoingsth.介意做某事；keepdoing sth.持续做某事 doing值得做某事；spendtime(in)doingsth.花费时间（金钱）做某事；havedifficult/trouble in doing sth做某事有困难；have fun doing.做某事高兴 3.介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等) 如：be good at doing sth.；thank you for doing sth.；give up doing sth.；stop sb.from doing sth.；do well in doing sth.；be afraid of doing sth.；be interested indoing sth.；be proud of；instead of；be fond of 4.to作介词的情况lookforwardtodoingsth期望做某事； preferdoingsth.todoingsth与…相比较更喜欢…；pay attention to doing注意做某事；be/get used to doingsth.习惯于做某事；make a contribution to为…做贡献 二．后面可跟动词的不定式形式的情况 1.动词：agree todo同意去做；afford to do买得起；decide todo决定去做某事；hopeto do希望去做；wish to do希望去做；fail to do做某事失败去；plan to do打算去做；pretend to do假装去做；refuse to do拒绝去做；would like to do 想要去做；want todo想要去做某事；learntodo学做；prefertodosth.喜欢（爱）做某事；sb.seemtodo sth好像做某事；want/would like to do sth.想做……；used to do sth.过去常做某事 2.句型. allow sb. to do sth.允许某人去做某事 asked sb. (not) to do sth.叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）
初中英语非谓语动词试题经典及解析 一、非谓语动词 1．We are supposed ________ some housework with our parents when we have free time. A. to share B. sharing C. shared D. share 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：有空的时候，我们应该和父母一起做家务。be supposed to do sth，固定搭配，应该，故此处是不定式，故选A。 【点评】考查固定搭配，注意be supposed to do sth的用法。 2．We advise parents _____ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. A. not leave B. not to leave C. leave D. to leave 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:为了使孩子远离危险，我们建议父母不要单独把孩子留在家里。advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事，动词不定式的否定形式就是在to前面加not故advise sb not to do sth建议某人不要做某事。结合句意，故选B 3．一What should we take when going birdwatching? 一 We should take a pair of binoculars ____________the birds clearly. A. see B. seeing C. to see D. sees 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意:一去看鸟应该带什么?一为了看得清楚，我们应该带一副望远镜。带上望远镜的目的是看得清楚，用带to的不定式作目的状语。故选C。 4．I remember ______ to Beijing when I was a child. A. to take B. taking C. to be taken D. being taken 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：我记得小时候被带到过北京的。Remember to do sth记得要做某
全能教育初中英语-Grade 9 非谓语动词专项训练 1. - What about_______ a rest? - OK! Let's go for a walk A. to have B. had C. have D. having 2. My parents enjoy_______ for a walk after supper. A. go B. goes C. to go D. going 3. Please tell the students_______ quiet in class. A. keep B. keeping C. to keep 4. Goldilocks decided_______ for a walk in the forest. A. go B. to go C. going D. goes 5. Lisa is a little poor at Chinese. I think she needs_______ it every day. A. practice to speak B. to practice speaking C. practice speaking 6. Colors can change our moods(情绪) and make us______ happy or sad, energetic or sleepy. A feel B. to feel C. felt D. feeling 7. It took me two weeks_______ reading the novels written by Guo. A finish B. to finish C. finishes D. finishing 8. - I've shown you all the interesting and important places of our school. - Thank you for_______ so much time. A taking B. spending C. costing D. having 9. - Let me help you carry the box, Granny. - Thank you, Li Lei. It's very nice____ you____ me. A. of; to help B. for; to help C. of; helping D. for; helping 10. The teacher often told Mike_______ too much time playing computer games. A not to spend B. to not spend C. doesn't spend D. not spend 11.Mr.Li asks the students_______ in the river, because it's too dangerous. A swim B. to swim C. not to swim D. to not swim 12. It was such a funny show that people couldn't help _______ again and again. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing 13. My penfriend Andrew found it difficult_______ Chinese well. A. learning B. learn C. to learn D. learned 14. China plans to let tourists_______ the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea this year. A. visit B. visits C. visiting D. visited 15. It's dangerous _______ with the wild animal. A. for us to play B. of us playing C. for us playing D. of us to play 16. The peaceful music in the CD made the students_______ relaxed. A feel B. feels C. felt D. to feel 17. - Is Tom in the next room? - Well, it's hard to say. But I heard him_______ loudly when I passed by just now. A. speak B. to speak C. spoken D. speaking 18. - How about climbing the hill? - I would rather____ along the river than_____ the hill. I'm a bit tired. A. walk; climb B. walking; climbing C. walking; to climb D. walk; to climb 19. We must do everything we can_______ our Earth cleaner and safer. A. made B. to making C. make D. to make 20. When I passed the classroom, I heard a girl_______ in it, A sing B. to sing C. sang D. singing 21. - Remember____ to my daughter's dance show next Friday. - Of course I will. I'll never forget ____her dance for the first time last year. A. to come; to see B. coming; to see C. to come; seeing D. coming; seeing 22. I prefer _______ some shopping to ________ camping since the weather isn't lovely. A. do; going B doing; go C. do; go D. doing; going 23. Drivers shouldn't be allowed _______ after drinking, or they will break the law. A drive B. driving C. to drive D. to be driven 24. He practices _______ it every day. A. play B. playing C. to play D. plays 25. - Why, not ____ John a toy car for his birthday? - Good idea! He is crazy about cars, A buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys 26.Lots of fast food restaurants use the color red_______ make customers _______. A to; eating faster B. want to; eat fast C. to; eat faster D. to; to eat fast 27. - Do you enjoy _______ a volunteer? - If you want _______ this, you'd better join us. A. being; knowing B. to be; knowing C. being; to know D. to be; to know 28. I enjoy playing computer games, but I can't_______ too much time _______ that. A. take; doing B. spend; doing C. spend; for doing D. take; to do 29. - Why don't you go out to play, Rose? - I'm afraid I can't. I have much homework _____. A do B. does C. doing D. to do 30. - Dad, why should I stop ____ computer games? - For your health, my boy, A to play B. playing C. play 31.Since you have finished your homework, how about _______? A. go to run B. go running C. going to run D. going running 32. We know that she enjoys _______ books very much. A read B. reads C. reading D. to read 33. You need to take notes at the meeting so make sure _____ a pen and some paper with you. A bring B. bringing C. to bring D. not bring 34. At times, parents find it difficult_______ with their teenage children A talk B talked C. talking D. to talk 35.Mary called and asked her husband ____ home at once, because she locked their daughter in the home. A to leave B. leave C. go D. to go 36.- Simon, I hear you are going abroad for further study. Have you decided_______? - Next September. A. when going B. when to go C. how going D. how to go 37. She's not strong enough_____ walking up mountains. A. to go B. going C. go D. went 38. Paul made a nice cage_______ the little sick bird till it could fly. A keep B kept C. keeping D. to keep 39. He promised_______ his old friend during his stay in Tianjin. A see B. seeing C. saw D. to see 40. I found a letter_______ on the floor when I came into the classroom A lying B. lay C. lie D. lies 41.Mr. Wang often encourages us_______ close to nature. A. get B getting C. to get 42.It takes me half an hour_______ the piano every day. A play. B. playing C. to play 43.Remember_______ off the .lights when you leave the room, please. A .to turn B. turning C. turn 44.Why not_______ your teacher for help when you can't finish_______ the story by yourself. A. to ask; write B. to ask; writing C. ask; writing D. asking; to write 45.Lucy is shy. She would not invite her classmates_______ dancing with her. A. practice B. practices C. practicing D. to practice
（英语）初中英语非谓语动词题20套(带答案) 一、非谓语动词 1．Would you mind _____ care of my pet fish while I'm away on holiday? A. take B. taken C. to take D. taking 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：当我度假离开的时候，你介意照看我的宠物鱼吗？mind doing sth.，介意做某事，应使用动名词形式，故答案是D。 【点评】考查从名词，注意识记固定搭配mind doing的用法。 2．My friend invited me ______ the Art Club , and I accepted it with pleasure. A. join B. to join C. joined D. joining 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:我的朋友邀请我参加艺术俱乐部，我愉快地接受了。A.动词原形;B.动词不定式;C. 动词过去式;D.动词的ing形式。invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事。结合句意及结构，故选B。 3．—Jack hasn't taken his piano lessons for a long time. —He is considering _________ his piano course and spending more time on his study. A. to drop B. to throw C. dropping D. throwing 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——Jack很久没有上钢琴课了。——他在考虑放弃钢琴课，把更多的时间花在学习上。consider doing sth考虑做某事。drop放弃；丢掉；throw扔掉。故选C。 【点评】考查动名词和动词辨析。 4．My parents didn't allow me ______ to the party. A. go B. to go C. goes D. went 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】：本题考点为非谓语动词（固定用法）。allow sb. to do sth.，即“允许某人做某事”。故答案为B。 5．We should do what we can our English. A. improve B. improved C. to improve D. improving
对非谓语动词的全面总结 非谓语动词有带to不定式，省to不定式，动词ing形式（动名词或叫现在分词），动词的过去分词。至于用动词的什么形式，要受句子含义及前面动词的制约，我们把相同规律的放在一起，有助于学生记忆并理解他们在句子中所做的成分。 一、关于动词不定式（to+动词） （一）动词不定式在句中做前一个动词的宾语。 或者说能够直接接动词不定式做宾语的动词有很多，我们要让学生对这些动词敏感，看到这些词我们应该想到下面的形式，所以我整理了比较具体的句子结构。（这些接动词不定式的动词均为及物动词）： 记住下列形式：（仅限于初中范畴） 1.want to do想要 2.would like to do想要做 3.hope to do希望做 4.wish to do希望做 5.decide to do决定做 6.plan do计划做 7.refuse to do拒绝做8.failto do做某事失败 9.manage to do设法做10.agree to do同意做 11.learn to do学会做12happen to do偶然发生 13.need to do需要做14.pretend to do假装做 15.offer to do提供做16.promise to do允许做 17.attempt to do企图做18.be sure to do确定做 19.seem to do似乎要发生20.expect to do期待做 21.try\do one’s best to do尽力做22.can’twait to do 迫不及待做 23.can’t afford to do 负担不起做 （二）动词不定式在句中作宾语补足语。我们对能够接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词应该有清醒的认识。下面结构有利于学生掌握： 1.want sb to do想让某人做 2.would like sb to do想让某人做 3.wish sb to do希望某人做（不能用hope） 4.agree sb to do 同意某人做 5.ask sb( not )to do让某人（不）做 6.tell sb to do告诉某人做 7.allow sb to do允许某人做8.advise sb to do建议某人做 9.encourage sb to do鼓励某人做10.expect sb to do期待某人做 11.warn sb to do警告某人做12.invite sb to do邀请某人做 13.teach sb to do教会某人做 （三）接省to不定式做宾语补足语的动词有：（使役动词） 1.make sb do 使某人做 2.let sb.do让某人做 3.have sb do使某人做 4.help sb do \to do帮助某人做 （四）、动词不定式在句中作主语 动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，而真正的主语移到句末。 1.It’s+adj+for(of) +sb +to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样