2006 年 5 月 CATTI 二级笔译综合能力试题及答案
Section 1: Vocabulary and Grammar (25 points)
This section consists of 3 parts. Read the directions for each part before answering the questions. The time for this section is 25 minutes.
Part 1 Vocabulary Selection
In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
1. The explanation given by the manager yesterday was not at all _____ to us.
A. satisfy
B. satisfied
C. satisfactory
D. satisfying
2. Part of the funds will be used to _____ that old library to its original splendor.
A. rest
B. recover
C. replace
D. restore
3. This silk has gone right _____ and we have not sold a single piece of it for weeks.
A. out of fad
B. out of pattern
C. out of custom
D. out of fashion
4. The new Personal Digital Assistance contained a large _____ of information about an individual life.
A. deal
B. amount
C. number
D. account
5. Primitive superstitions that feed racism should be _____ through education.
A. ignored
B. exalted
C. eradicated
D. canceled
6. _____ pollution control measures are expensive, many local governments hesitate to adopt them.
A. Although
B. However
C. Because
D. Moreover
7. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, _____ to the body.
A. the stress it is greater
B. greater is the stress
C. greater stress is
D. the greater the stress
8. Annie Jump Cannon, _____ discovered so many stars that she was called
“the census taker of the sky.”
A. a leading astronomer,
B. who, as a leading astronomer,
C. was a leading astronomer,
D. a leading astronomer who
9. Kingdom of Wonders, _____ in 1995 in Fremont, Calif., became an industry legend for two toys: a talking bear and a ray-gun game.
A. find
B. found
C. founded
D. founding
10. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event _____ is equal to the probability that it will not occur.
A. occurring
B. to occur
C. occurs
D. occur
11. Only one-fifth of Americans saw oil as the chief reason that the U.S. made a war on Iraq, but 75 percent of the French and of the Russians believed _____.
A. to
B. so
C. go
D. do
12. Sadly, while the academic industry thrives, the practice of translation continues to _____.
A. stack
B. stage
C. stagnate
D. stamp
13. Your blunt treatment of disputes would put other people in a negative frame of _____, with the result that they would not be able to accept your proposal.
A. mind
B. idea
C. intention
D. wish
14. If you are an energetic person with strong views as to the right way of doing things, you find yourself _____ under pressures.
A. variably
B. invariably
C. invaluably
D. invalidly
15. Uncle Vernon, quite unlike Harry Potter who looked nothing like the rest of the family, was large, very fat, and _____, with an enormous black mustache.
A. neck-less
B. neck-lace
C. reckless
D. rack-less
16. Home to _____ and gangsters, officials and laborers, refugees and artists, the city was, in its prime, a metropolis that exhibited all the hues of the human character.
A. magnates
B. magnets
C. machines
D. magnitudes
17. His _____ behavior made everyone nervous. He was always rushing to open doors and perform other small tasks, apologizing unnecessarily for any inconvenience that he might have caused.
A. oblivious
B. observant
C. obsequious
D. obsolescent
18. He was completely __________ by her tale of hardship.
A. taken away
B. taken down
C. taken in
D. taken up
19. Americans who consider themselves _____ in the traditional sense do not usually hesitate to heap criticism in domestic matters over what they believe is oppressive or wasteful.
A. pedestrian
B. penchant
C. patriarch
D. patriotic
20. As technological advances put more and more time between early school life and the young person's final access to specialized work, the stage of _____ becomes an even more marked and conscious period.
A. adolescence
B. adjacency
C. advantage
D. adventure
Part 2 Vocabulary Replacement
This part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
21. That boy is suffering from unrequited love and pines away.
A. fervent
B. obsessive
C. secret
D. unreturned
22. For a long time in that vast region, this law was in abeyance.
A. in active use
B. in doubt
C. in discussion
D. in disuse
23. A court-martial has but recently decided to acquit him.
A. declare he is not guilty
B. pardon him
C. condemn him
D. persecute him
24. There are more people who are obese today than 20 years ago.
A. gainfully employed
B. upwardly mobile
C. excessively overweight
D. privately educated
25. As a conductor, Leonard Bernstein is famous for his intensely vigorous and exuberant style.
A. enthusiastic
B. nervous
C. painful
D. extreme
26. When insects feed on decaying plant material in a compost pile, they help turn it into useful garden soil.
A. available
B. organic
C. distasteful
D. decomposing
27. Researchers have discovered that dolphins are able to mimic human
speech.
A. import
B. imitate
C. impair
D. humor
28. The dichotomy postulated by many between idealism and realism is one of the standard clichés of the ongoing debate over international affairs.
A. division into two parts
B. combination of two parts
C. disparity
D. contradiction
29. Attempts have been made for nearly three decades to increase the amount of precipitation from clouds by seeding them with salt or silver iodide.
A. Devices
B. Hypotheses
C. Efforts
D. Suggestions
30. Justices of the peace have jurisdiction over the trials of some civil suits and of criminal cases involving minor offenses.
A. supremacy
B. authority
C. guidance
D. obedience
31. The feeling of competition among the students in all the classrooms where the test was going on was noticeable to everyone.
A. discord
B. discovery
C. rivalry
D. cooperation
32. The artist spent years on his monumental painting, which covered the whole roof of the church, the biggest in the country.
A. archaic
B. sentimental
C. outstanding
D. entire
33. Many of the electric and electronic products we purchase and consume today are what some industrial experts call “homogeneous toys.”
A. identical
B. homosexual
C. unrelated
D. distinguishable
34. Anthropologist Barbara Myerhoff furthered her reputation as an authority on Native American culture with her study of the symbols, myths, and rituals of the Huichol people.
A. deserved
B. retained
C. renewed
D. advanced
35. This reflects the priority being attached to economic over political activity, partly caused by a growing reluctance to enter a calling blighted by relentless publicity that all too often ends in destroying careers and reputations.
A. powerfulness
B. unwillingness
C. renaissance
D. apologeticness
Part 3 Error Correction
This part consists of 15 sentences in which there is an underlined part that indicates a grammatical error. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
36. An epigram is usually defined being a bright or witty thought that is tersely and
ingeniously expressed.
A. as
B. as be
C. as been
D. to being
37. Upon completing his examination over the patient, the doctor offered his judgment of her conditions.
A. of
B. off
C. about
D. around
38. If they spend some time on Chinese history, they will be more able to predict China’s future.
A. more
B. be able
C. better
D. better able
39. When she returned back by abroad, she told us all about her experience as an illegal immigrant.
A. by
B. back
C. from
D. back from
40. He was looking impatient at the visiting salesman, who showed no signs of getting ready to leave.
A. patient
B. patience
C. impatience
D. impatiently
41. The recent conference on the effective use of the seas and oceans was another attempt resolving major differences among countries with conflicting interests.
A. resolve
B. resolves
C. to resolve
D. being resolved
42. Life insurance, before available only to young, healthy persons, can now be obtained for old people, and even for pets.
A. before young, healthy persons available only,
B. available only to young, healthy persons before,
C. available only to persons young, but more healthy,
D. before young and healthy persons only available to,
43. Following a year of fast development, by the first quarter of this year, China has had about 1,100 e-commerce websites.
A. China had about 1,100 e-commerce websites by the end of last March
B. by the end of the first quarter of this year, China has had about 1,100
e-commerce websites
C. by the end of this recent past March, China has about 1,100 e-commerce websites
D. by the end of this first quarter, China had about 1,100 or so e-commerce websites
44. Sino-foreign educational program on business is popular in China now, and the demand for high level interpretation is great.
A. programs in enterprises / high level interpreters
B. programs in international business / senior interpreters
C. program in international biz / senior interpretations
D. programs of business / high-level interpretations
45. Many students agreed to come, but some students against because they said they don’t have time.
A. were against because they said they did not
B. were against because they say they don’t
C. were against it because they said they did not
D. were against coming because they said they don’t
46. While it is essential that the text covers the subject adequately, it is also important that it is neither too detailed or too complex for the intended reader.
A. for
B. nor
C. no
D. not
47. Consumer porcelains in Jingdezhen are not selling well in export market as compared with those made in Liling, Hunan Province and Zibo, Shandong Province.
A. on export market
B. in exporting market
C. in exported market
D. in the export market
48. It is a market which sales value might be more than 10 billion yuan.
A. a market with a sales value that might be
B. a market which might be sales value
C. a market with sale value might be
D. market with sales might be a value
49. As an English major student, I think business English is more practical than other fields.
A. a English student / field
B. a English major student / regions
C. an English major / courses
D. an English student major /sciences
50. We should let more young parents and their children can enjoy scientific early education.
A. provide more young parents and their children to enjoy early education
B. provide more young parents and their children to enjoy early education and
scientific
C. provide young parents and their children enjoy more scientific early education
D. provide young parents and their children with more early education services
Section 2: Reading Comprehension (50 points)
In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A, B, C and D) choices to complete the statement. You must choose the one which you think fits best. Then blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 70 minutes.
Questions 51－60 are based on the following passage.
Social control refers to social processes, planned or unplanned, by which people are taught, persuaded, or forced to conform to norms. In every society, some punishments or negative sanctions are established for deviant behavior. Without deviant behavior there would not be need for social control and without social control there would not be a way of recognizing the boundary between the acceptable and the unacceptable. Social control may be either formal or informal. Informal mechanisms include expressions of disapproval by significant others and withholding of positive rewards for disapproved behavior. Most people internalize norms in the course of socialization. This is any group’s most powerful protection against deviance, in that the individual’s own conscience operates as an agent of social control. When informal sanctions fail, formal agents of social control may be called upon. In contemporary society, such formal agents and agencies include psychiatry and other mental health professions; mental hospitals; police and courts of law; prisons; and social welfare agencies. All these formal agents function to limit, correct, and control violation of norms. Conflict theorists would also point out that social control agents and systems tend, in any society, to serve the interests of powerful groups and to enforce the norms most beneficial to those who make the rules and who, therefore, define unacceptable behavior.
Social control, whether formal or informal, has a dual function. First, it punishes the wrongdoer and reaffirms the boundaries of acceptable behavior. Second, and less recognized, it regulates the manner in which deviants are treated.
51. Social control refers to processes by which .
A. norms are developed
B. norms are enforced
C. people are educated and trained
D. people are rewarded and punished
52. Every society has its own .
A. planned systems
B. controlled norms
C. recognized boundary
D. established sanctions
53. Informal mechanisms of social control include the following except .
A. a high level of interest in ensuring conformity
B. expression of disapproval by significant others
C. withholding of positive rewards for the deviants
D. people’s internalization of norms in socialization
54. The most powerful protection against deviance is .
A. negative sanctions
B. severe punishments
C. the individual’s conscience
D. unrestrained suppression
55. Formal agents of social control include the following except .
A. police stations
B. mental hospitals
C. welfare agencies
D. vocational schools
56. The purpose of formal agents is .
A. to make beneficial rules
B. to preserve social orders
C. to control violation of norms
D. to define acceptable behavior
57. Which statement about social control agents is not true?
A. They tend to serve the interest of those who enforce the norms.
B. They tend to serve the interest of those who receive a benefit.
C. They tend to serve the interest of those who make the rules.
D. They tend to serve the interest of those who are powerful.
58. According to conflict theorists, social control agents and systems are .
A. liberal
B. partial
C. neutral
D. overall
59. In the third paragraph, “a dual function” refers to .
A. formal and inform
B. rewards and penalties
C. approval and disapproval
D. clarification and regulation
60. The perspective from which the author discusses social control is .
A. biological
B. sociological
C. psychological
D. anthropological
Questions 61－70 are based on the following passage.
Every group has a culture, however uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one
culture over another, just as to the professional linguist, there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.
People once thought of the languages of backward groups as undeveloped. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward” languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex. They differ from Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this aspect, two things are to be noted. First, all languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. Second, the objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward” languages, while different from the West,
are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A Western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (“this” and “that”). But some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.
61. Every group of human beings .
A. has its own set of ideas, beliefs and ways of life
B. has an extremely complex and delicate language
C. has its own elegant music, literature, and other arts
D. has the process of growing crops or raising animals
62. To the professional linguists, .
A. there is no intrinsic superiority of cultures
B. there is no intrinsic hierarchy of languages
C. all languages came from grunts and groans
D. all languages are most severe and standard
63. Most languages of uncivilized groups are .
A. adequate
B. numerous
C. ingenious
D. ingenuous
64. “Backward” languages fall behind Western languages in .
A. structures
B. vocabularies
C. written forms
D. sound patterns
65. All languages, whether civilized or not, have .
A. their own ways to transfer ideas
B. their own forms to satisfy needs
C. their own abilities to answer description
D. their own systems to expand vocabulary
66. Which of the following statements is implied in the passage?
A. Anthropologists have nothing to do with linguists.
B. Linguists have nothing to do with anthropologists.
C. The study of languages casts light upon the study of cultures.
D. The study of cultures casts no light upon the study of languages.
67. It is implied that all cultures have to be viewed .
A. profoundly
B. intrinsically
C. independently
D. professionally
68. According to this passage, to learn a foreign language would require one .
A. to do more activities
B. to learn about a new culture
C. to meet more people
D. to need more names
69. The author’s attitude shown in this passage toward “backward”languages is .
A. restrained
B. subjective
C. objective
D. resolute
70. This passage is on the whole .
A. narrative
B. instructive
C. prescriptive
D. argumentative
Questions 71－80 are based on the following passage.
The field of medicine has always attracted its share of quacks and charlatans — disreputable women and men with little or no medical knowledge who promise quick cures at cheap prices. The reasons why quackery thrives even in modern times are easy to find. To begin with, pain seems to be a chronic human condition. A person whose body or mind “hurts” will often pay any amount of money for the promise of re lief. Second, even the best medical treatment cannot cure all the ills that beset men and women. People who mistrust or dislike the truths that their physicians tell them often turn to more sympathetic ears.
Many people lack the training necessary to evaluate medical claims. Given the choice between (a) a reputable physician who says a cure for cancer will be long, expensive and may not work at all, and (b) a salesperson who says that several bottles of a secret formula “snake oil” will cure not only cancer but tuberculosis as well, some individuals will opt for “snake oil”.
Many “snake oil” remedies are highly laced with alcohol or narcotic drugs. Anyone who drinks them may get so drunk or stoned that they drown their pains in the rising tide of pleasant intoxication. Little wonder that “snake oil” is a popular cure-all for minor aches and hurts! But let
there be no misunderstandings. A very few “home remedies” actually work. However, most remedies sold by quacks are not only useless, but often can be harmful as well.
71. In this passage, a quack or a charlatan is .
A. someone who has a special ability
B. someone who has little knowledge
C. someone who is not a good doctor
D. someone who pretends to be a doctor
72. The sentence “pain seems to be a chronic human condition” means .
A. pain seems to be very serious
B. pain seems to be very difficult
C. pain seems to last for a long time
D. pain seems to be always happening
73. Quackery thrives even in modern times because .
A. patients pay any amount of money
B. patients do not like their physicians
C. quacks say that they can help patients
D. best medical treatment costs very much
74. People who seek the advice of quacks and charlatans are .
A. those who are poorly educated
B. those who are highly educated
C. those who dislike medical treatments
D. those who mistrust physicians’ truths
75. To evaluate medical claims, one must .
A. turn to reputable doctors
B. make an adequate choice
C. have the necessary training
D. disbelieve promise of relief
76. According to the author, a very few home remedies are .
A. useless
B. harmful
C. pleasant
D. effective
77. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. quacks are really sympathetic
B. “snake oil” does not work
C. doctors cannot cure all ills
D. patients are often impatient
78. Many individuals opt for “snake oil” because .
A. they are misled by a secret formula
B. they cannot afford a treatment
C. they lack medical knowledge
D. they do not trust physicians
79. “Snake oil” is a popular cure-all for minor aches and hurts because .
A. it has actually worked
B. it has some fruit stones
C. it has been misunderstood
D. it has alcohol or narcotic drugs
80. Which of the following would be the best title of this passage?
A. Distrust of Physicians
B. Medical Treatment
C. Snake Oil Remedies
D. Guard Against Quackery
Questions 81－90 are based on the following passage.
Modern industrial society grants little status to old people. In fact, such a society has a system of built-in obsolescence. There is no formal system for continuing our education throughout our life in order to keep up with rapidly changing knowledge. When our education and job skills have grown obsolete, we are treated exactly like those who have never gained an education or job skills and are not encouraged or given the opportunity to begin anew.
As a society becomes more highly developed, the overall status of older people diminishes. Improved health technology creates a large pool of old people, who compete for jobs with the young. However, economic technology lowers the demand for workers and creates new jobs for which the skills of the aged are obsolete, forcing older people into retirement. At the same time, young people are being educated in the new technology and are keeping pace with rapid changes in knowledge. Finally, urbanization creates age-segregated neighborhoods. Because the old live on fixed incomes, they must often live in inferior housing. All these factors —retirement, obsolete knowledge and skills, inferior standards of living — lower the status of the aged in society. A century ago, when one could expect to live only to 50 or so, the life span more or less coincided with the occupation and family cycle. But today the average life span allows for fifteen to twenty years of life after these cycles. It appears that our life span is outpacing our usefulness in society.
81. By “a system of built-in obsolescence” the author means .
A. no formal systems exists in modern industrial society
B. old people have no status in modern industrial society
C. young people have chances in modern industrial society
D. knowledge changes rapidly in modern industrial society
82. According to the first paragraph, which of the following is true?
A. People don’t have to gain education
B. People don’t have to learn job skills
C. People don’t have to be treated as equals
D. People don’t have chances to begin anew
83. The more highly developed a society is, .
A. the more advanced technology will be
B. the larger the number of people will be
C. the more diminished old people’s status will be
D. the lower the overall status of the people will be
84. The high development of economic technology .
A. makes job skills out of fashion
B. lowers the demand for workers
C. forces old people into retirement
D. creates new jobs for older people
85. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. Retired people could only live on fixed incomes
B. Retired people are more skillful than young people
C. Young people are educated in the new technology
D. Young people are keeping pace with rapid changes
86. According to this passage, the status of the aged is lowered by .
A. their forced retirement
B. their inferior housing
C. their longer life span
D. their fixed incomes
87. The sentence “our life span outpaces our usefulness” means .
A. we can live longer and make progress
B. we can live longer and do more work
C. we can live longer but move slowly
D. we can live longer but become useless
88. The author’s attitude toward the aged is .
A. realistic
B. optimistic
C. pessimistic
D. sympathetic
89. It can be deduced from this passage that .
A. one should learn new skills
B. one should be open-minded
C. one should have a good personality
D. one should keep pace with the times
90. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A. The Problem of Aging
B. Social Structures
C. Economic Technology
D. Continuing Education
Questions 91－100 are based on the following passage.
When you first drift off into slumber, your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing will become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit, with the alpha rhythm predominating for the first few minutes. This is the first stage of sleep. For the next 30 minutes or so, you will drift down through Stage 2 and Stage 3. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be. About 40-60 minutes after you lose consciousness, you will reach the last stage. Your brain waves will show the delta rhythm. You may think that you stay at this deep stage all the rest of the night, but that turns out not to be the case. About 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your activity cycle will increase slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids. This period of Rapid Eye Movements lasts for 8-15 minutes and is called REM sleep. During both light and deep sleep, the muscles in your body are relaxed but capable of movement. As you slip into REM sleep, a very odd thing occurs — most of the voluntary muscles in your body become paralyzed. Although your brain shows very rapid bursts of neural activity during REM sleep,
your body is incapable of moving. REM sleep is accompanied by extensive muscular inhibition.
91. On the part of an average sleeper, of sleep in cycles.
A. there is one stage
B. there are two stages
C. there are six stages
D. there are four stages
92. When a person falls into the state of sleep, .
A. his eyeballs will roll about a bit
B. his mind will relax more and more
C. his breathing will slow for minutes
D. his temperature will increase slightly
93. The lower your stage of sleep, .
A. the faster your eyes will roll about
B. the quieter your breath will become
C. the slower your brain waves will be
D. the higher your temperature will be
94. After you have reached the deepest sleep, .
A. you will stay at the fourth stage the rest of the night
B. you will lose your consciousness for 40－60 minutes
C. your brain waves will show the delta rhythm
D. your brain waves will show the alpha rhythm
95. In the REM sleep, .
A. the delta rhythm will disappear
B. the activity pattern will appear
C. something will occur in front of you
D. your eyes will begin to dart around
96. You will fall into the fourth stage of sleep .
A. about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber
B. some 10 minutes after your fall into REM sleep
C. about 40 minutes after you lose consciousness
D. some 30 minutes after your brain waves slow
97. The first paragraph of this passage tells us about .
A. the rhythms of brain waves
B. the daily activities of sleep
C. the stages of sleep in cycles
D. the daily activities in cycles
98. In this passage, the word “paralyzed” means .
A. unable to move
B. unable to think
C. unable to work
D. unable to speak
99. The phrase “extensive muscular inhibition” means .
A. the body is incapable of movement
B. the muscles in the body are relaxed
C. voluntary muscles are capable of movement
D. the brain shows rapid burst of neural activity
100. The best title for this passage would be .
A. Brain Waves
B. Sleep Cycles
C. Daily Activities
D. Body Activities
Section 3: Cloze Test (25 points)
In the following passage, there are 25 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. You are to put back in each of the blanks the missing word. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 25 minutes.
Some consumer researchers distinguish _____(1) “rational” motives and “emotional” (or “non-rational”) motives. They use the term
“rationality” _____(2) the traditional economic sense that a ssumes
_____(3) consumers behave rationally when they carefully consider all alternatives _____(4) choose those that give them the greatest utility (i.e., satisfaction). _____(5) a marketing context, the term
“rationality” implies that the consumer selects goals based _____(6) totally objective criteria, such _____(7) size, weight, price, and so on.“Emotional” motives imply the selection of goals _____(8) to personal
or subjective criteria — the desire _____(9) individuality, pride, fear, affection or status. The assumption underlying this distinction is
_____(10) subjective or emotional criteria do not maximize utility or satisfaction. _____(11), it is reasonable to assume that consumers always attempt to select alternatives that, _____(12) their view, serve to maximize satisfaction. Obviously, the assessment of satisfaction is a very personal process, based _____(13) the individual’s own needs as
_____(14) as on past behavioral, social, and learning experiences. What may appear _____(15)irrational to an outside observer may be perfectly rational _____(16) the context of the consumer’s own psychological field. For example, a product purchased to enhance one’s self-image (such as
a fragrance) is a perfectly rational form of consumer behavior. _____(17) behavior did not appear rational to the person who undertakes it _____(18) the time that it is undertaken, obviously he or she would not do it.
_____(19) the distinction between rational and emotional motives does not appear to be warranted. Some researchers go so far _____(20) to suggest that emphasis _____(21) “needs” obscures the rational, or conscious, nature of most consumer motivation. They claim that consumers act consciously _____(22) maximize their gains and minimize their losses;
that they act not _____(23) subconscious drives but from rational preferences, _____(24) what they perceive to be _____(25) their own best interests.
答案部分：
Section 1 共计 25 分
Part 1 共 20 题，每题 0.5 分，满分为 10 分 1. C 2. D 3. D 4.B 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. A 14.
B 15. A 16. A 17.
C 18. C 19.
D 20. A
Part 2 共 15 题，每题 0.5 分，满分为 7.5 分 21.D 22.D 23.A 24.C 25.A 26.D 27.B 28. A 29.C 30.B 31.C 32.C 33.A 34. D
35.B
Part 3 共 15 题，每题 0.5 分，满分为 7.5 分 36.A 37.A 38.D 39.C 40.D 41.C 42. B 43. A 44. B 45.C 46.B 47.D 48.A 49.C 50.D Section 2 共 50 题，每题 1 分，满分为 50 分 51. 63. 75. 87. 99. B C C D A 52. D 53. 64. B 65. 76. D 77. 88. D 89. 100. B A D A D 54. 66. 78. 90. C C A A 55. 67. 79. 91. D C D D 56. 68. 80. 92. C B D A 57. 69. 81. 93. B C B C 58. 70. 82. 94. B B D C 59. 71. 83. 95. D D C D 60. 72. 84. 96. B D C C 61. 73. 85. 97. A C B C 62. 74. 86. 98. B D A A Section 3 共 25
题，每题 1 分，满分为 25 分 1.between 2.in 3.that 4.and 5.In 6.on/upon 7.as 8.according 9.for 10.that 11.However 12.in 13.on/upon 14.well 15.as 16.within 17.If 18.at 19.Therefore 20.as 21.on 22.to 23.from 24.or 25.in 口译笔译教程：http://CATTI
培训：https://www.doczj.com/doc/739312884.html,/catti/wangxiao/ 1
2007 年 5 月 CATTI 二级笔译实务真题及题目详解 2007 年 5 月二级笔译综合能力完型填空 The number of immigrants living in American households rose 16 percent over the last five years,
fueled largely by recent arrivals from Mexico, according to fresh data released by the
Census Bureau.
And increasingly, immigrants are bypassing the traditional gateway （states ）
like California and New York and settling directly in parts
of the country that （ until ） recently saw little
immigrant activity — regions like ） Upper Midwest, New England and the Rocky Mountain （the States. Coming in the heart of an election season （in which ） illegal immigration has emerged as an
issue, the new data from ） bureau's 2005 American Community Survey is certain to
generate （the
more debate ） But more than that ） demographers said, it highlights one reason
immigration （.（, has become （such ） a heated topic.
"What's happening now is that immigrants are showing （up ） many more communities allin across the country than they have ever been （ in ）,” said Audrey Singer, an immigration fellow at the Brookings Institution. "So it's easy for people to （look ）around and not just
see them, but feel
the impact they're （having ）in their communities. And a lot of （these ）are communities
that
are not accustomed to （seeing ） immigrants in their schools, at the workplace, in
their hospitals.”
By far the largest numbers of immigrants continue to live in the six states
that have
traditionally attracted （them ）: California, New York, Texas, Florida, New Jersey
and Illinois.
Immigrants also continue to flow into a handful of states in the Southeast,
（like ） Georgia
and North Carolina, a trend that was discerned in the 2000 census. But it is in the
less-expected
immigrant destinations that demographers （find ） the most of interest in the new
data.
Indiana saw a 34 percent increase in the number of immigrants; South Dakota
saw a 44
percent rise; Delaware 32 percent; Missouri 31 percent; Colorado 28 percent; and
New Hampshire
26 percent.
"It's the continuation of a pattern that we first began to see 10 or 15 years
（ago ）," said Jeff
Passel, senior research associate at the Pew Hispanic Center, who has examined the
new census data. "But instead of being confined to areas （like ） the Southeast, it's beginning
to spill over into
some Midwestern states, like Indiana and Ohio. It's even moving （up ）into New England.” Over all, immigrants now （make up ）12.4 percent of the nation's （population ）,
up from 2007 年 5 月二级笔译实务试题 【英译汉必译题】 Strolling beside Amsterdam’s oldest canals, where buildings carry dates like 1541 and 1603, it is easy to imagine the city’s prosperity in the 17th century. Replace today’s bicycles and cars
with horse-drawn carts, add more barges on the waterways, and this is essentially how Amsterdam
must have looked to Rembrandt as he did his rounds of wealthy
merchants.
Such musings are not, of course, unprompted. This year, Amsterdam is celebrating the 400th
anniversary of Rembrandt’s birth, and it is hard to escape his shadow. His birthplace in Leiden, 20
miles south, has naturally organized its own festivities. But Amsterdam has two advantages: it
boasts the world’s largest Rembrandt collectio n —and tourists like to come
here anyway.
True, anniversaries can be pretty corny, but what city resists them? This year, Amsterdam is
competing with Salzburg, where Mozart was born 250 years ago, and Aix-en-Provence, where
Cézanne died a century ago. A s ign in Amsterdam’s tourist office by the Central Station hints at
one motive for such occasions: “Buy your Rembrandt products
here.”
Still, if you start off by liking Rembrandt, as I do, there is much to discover.
For instance,
when in Amsterdam I always make a point of paying homage to the Rembrandt masterpieces in
the Rijksmuseum, yet until now I had never bothered to visit Rembrandt House, where the painter
lived from 1639 until driven out by bankruptcy in 1658. In brief, I had never much connected his
art to his person.
Now, at least, I have made a stab at doing so because, for this anniversary (he was born on
July 15, 1606), Amsterdam has organized a host of events that offer insights
into Rembrandt’s
world. They highlight not only what is known about his life, but also the people he painted and the
city he lived in from the age of 25 until his death at
63 in 1669.
Although the Rijksmuseum is undergoing a massive renovation through 2009, the museum is
not snubbing its favorite son. Throughout the year, in part of the building to be renovated last, it is
presenting some 400 paintings and other 17th-century objects representing the Golden Age in
which Rembrandt prospered. These include works by Jan Steen, Vermeer and Frans Hals as well
as by Rembrandt and h is pupils. And they climax with Rembrandt’s largest and best known oil,
“The Night Watch,” itself the focus of “Nightwatching,” a light and sound installation by the
British movie director and Amsterdam resident, Peter
Greenaway.
【英译汉二选一】
【试题 1】
The arsenal of antibiotics strong enough to squelch nasty bacteria is rapidly dwindling
worldwide, which makes worried infectious-disease doctors more intent than ever that the drugs
be deployed only when strictly needed.
These specialists know that every antibiotic carries its own risks, and that the more frequently
and broadly a drug is used, the more likely it is that harmful microbes will develop tricks to
sidestep it. But a team of researchers in the Netherlands, where a more selective use of antibiotics
has led to much lower levels of resistant bacteria than are circulating in the United States, thinks
the medical finger-waggers have not gone far enough.
treat what sorts of infections, but have focused much less on how long that treatment
should last,"
said Dr. Jan Prins of the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam.
In a small but provocative study published in the June 10 issue of the British
medical journal
BMJ, Dr. Prins and colleagues from nine hospitals suggested that even some cases
of pneumonia
— a potentially life-threatening disease — could be treated with a three-day course
of antibiotics,
rather than the conventional 7- to 10-day treatment.
The Dutch study analyzed the cure rates of 186 adults who had been hospitalized
with mild to
moderately severe pneumonia. All received three days of intravenous amoxicillin to
start. After
that, the 119 who were showing substantial improvement were randomly divided into
two groups;
about half continued with another five-day course of oral amoxicillin, and the others
got
look-alike sugar pills. Neither the patients nor the doctors knew who was getting
which treatment
until the end of their participation in the study.
By the end of treatment, roughly 89 percent of the patients in each group were
cured of their
lung infections without further intervention. In a commentary accompanying the study,
Dr. John
Paul, a microbiologist at Sussex County Hospital in Brighton, England, writes that,
at least for a
subset of patients with uncomplicated, community-acquired pneumonia, the finding
"suggests that
current guidelines recommending 7-10 days should be revised."
As lead investigator of the Dutch study, Dr. Prins was not ready to go quite
that far. He cited the study's
small size and the seriousness of the illness as a reason to wait until the finding is
independently replicated before advising a wholesale change in practice. 试题 2【缺】 【汉译英】
【试题一】
四川从今年开始将新建三个大熊猫自然保护区，使全省的大熊猫自然保护区达到 40 个，
以确保 50％左右的大熊猫栖息地和 60％左右的野生大熊猫个体分布在保护区内。四川省今
年将建的保护区包括位于邛崃山系的芦山县黄水河大熊猫自然保护区和位于大小相岭的荥
经县泡草湾大熊猫自然保护区。同时，位于乐山市金口河区的八月林保护区正在审批中，有
望在年内获准建立。
目前，四川省共有 37 个大熊猫自然保护区，占地 200 多万公顷，其中国家级大熊猫自
然保护区 11 个。据第三次全国大熊猫普查，四川省野外的大熊猫数量为 1206 只，约占全国
的 76％。全省大熊猫栖息地面积达到 177 万公顷，占全国的 77％。
20 世纪 50 年代，中国就创立了第一个以保护大熊猫为目的的自然保护区。1992 年中国政
府启动了一个旨在全面彻底保护大熊猫栖息地的“中国保护大熊猫及其栖息地工程”，1998
年开展了天然林保护、退耕还林等生态工程建设，这些工程开展以后，大熊猫生存繁衍状况
明显好转。
大熊猫是世界上最珍贵的濒危动物之一，被称为活化石。目前，野生大熊猫仅存 1590
只左右，主要分布在四川和陕西。
【试题二】
能源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础。纵观人类社会发展的历史，人类文明
的每一次重大进步都伴随着能源的改进和更替。能源的开发利用极大地推进了世界经济和人
类社会的发展。
过去 100 多年里，发达国家先后完成了工业化，消耗了地球上大量的自然资源，特别是
能源资源。当前，一些发展中国家正在步入工业化阶段，能源消费增加是经济社会发展的客
观必然。
中国是当今世界上最大的发展中国家，发展经济，摆脱贫困，是中国政府和中国人民在
相当长一段时期内的主要任务。20 世纪 70 年代末以来，中国作为世界上发展最快的发展中
国家，经济社会发展取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就，成功地开辟了中国特色社会主义道路，为
世界的发展和繁荣作出了重大贡献。
中国是目前世界上第二位能源生产国和消费国。能源供应持续增长，为经济社会发展提
供了重要的支撑。能源消费的快速增长，为世界能源市场创造了广阔的发展空间。中国已经
成为世界能源市场不可或缺的重要组成部分，对维护全球能源安全，正在发挥着越来越重要
的积极作用。
【试题二参考答案】
Energy is an essential material basis for human survival and development. Over the entire
history of mankind, each and every significant step in the progress of human civilization has been
accompanied by energy innovations and substitutions. The development and utilization of energy
has enormously boosted the development of the world economy and human society. Over more than 100 years in the past, developed countries have completed their
industrialization, consuming an enormous quantity of natural resources, especially energy
resources, in the process. Today, some developing countries are ushering in their own era of
industrialization, and an increase of energy consumption is inevitable for their economic and
social development.
China is the largest developing country in the world, and developing
its economy and
eliminating poverty will, for a long time to come, remain the main tasks for
the Chinese
government and the Chinese people. Since the late 1970s, China, as the fastest growing
developing country, has scored brilliant achievements in its economy and society that have
attracted worldwide attention, successfully blazed the trail of socialism
https://www.doczj.com/doc/739312884.html,/kcnet440/2008年5月二级笔译综合能力完型填空试题
When I was
growing up, I was embarrassed to be
seen with my
father. He was
severely crippled
and very short,
and when we
would walk together, his hand on my arm for balance, people would stare. I would inwardly be afraid of squirm at the unwanted attention. If he ever noticed or was bothered, he never let on.
It was difficult to coordinate our steps - his halting, mine impatient - and because of that, we didn't say much as we went along. But as we started out, he always said, "You set the pace. I will try to adjust to you. "
Our usual walk was to or from the subway, which was how he got to work. He went to work sick, and despite nasty weather. He almost never missed a day, and would make it to the office even if others could not: a matter of pride!
He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able. What he looked for in others was a "good heart", and if he found one, the owner was good enough for him.
Now that I am older, I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people, even though I still don' t know precisely what a "good heart" is. But I know the times I don't have one myself.
He has been gone many years now, but I think of him often. I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our walks. If he did, I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was, how I regretted it. I think of him when I complain about trifles, when I am envious of another's good fortune, when I don't have a "good heart".
At such times I put my hand on his arm to regain my balance, and say, "You set the pace, I will try to adjust to you."
2008年5月二级笔译实务试题【英译汉必译题】
If a heavy reliance on fossil fuels makes a country a climate ogre, then Denmark — with its thousands of wind turbines sprinkled on the coastlines and at sea — is living a happy fairy tale.
Viewed from the United States or Asia, Denmark is an environmental role model. The country is "what a global warming solution looks like," wrote Frances Beinecke, the president of the Natural Resources Defense Council, in a letter to the group last autumn. About one-fifth of the country's electricity comes from wind, which wind experts say is the highest proportion of any country. CATTI 培训：https://www.doczj.com/doc/739312884.html,/catti/wangxiao/5
China is now the world's second-largest energy producer and consumer. The sustained
growth of energy supply has provided an important support for the country's economic growth and
social progress, while the rapid expansion of energy consumption has created a vast scope for the
global energy market. As an irreplaceable component of the world energy market, China plays an
increasingly important role in maintaining global energy security.
汉译英： 试题一：必作题（汉译英）（20分） 从19世纪80年代之后的鸦片战争、甲午战争，到庚子之乱乃至20世纪30年代的日本侵华战争，中国惨遭东西方列强的屠戮和极其野蛮的经济掠夺；再加上封建腐败和连年内乱，中国主权沦丧、生灵涂炭、国力衰弱、民不聊生。深重的灾难、惨痛的事实使中华民族深知和平之珍贵、发展之重要。这样的历史实践形成了中国人民渴望和平、企求安定的心理，坚定了中国人民走和平发展道路的信念。 1949年新中国成立后，我们在发展道路上艰辛探索，既经历过成功的喜悦，也经受过失败的挫折。从1978年开始，中国开启了新的征程，从计划转向市场，从封闭转向开放，从自成一体转向融入经济全球化，走独立自主地建设中国特色社会主义的道路，取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就。实践充分证明，坚持走和平发展的道路是正确的，既符合中国国情，又顺应时代潮流。中国将沿着这条和平发展的道路，坚定不移地走下去。 试题二：选作题（泽译英）（20分） 1968年我从北京来到陕西，惟一挂念的是在故乡身患绝症的老母亲。母亲的时日已经不多，身边再无亲人，离别成为我心中最沉重的痛。 惟一能传递母亲信息的就是那枚小小的邮票。母亲当时已经双目失明，信是让别人代写的，内容千篇一律的干枯，邮票却是母亲自己摸索着贴上去的，她贴了一叠信封，随用随取，为的是不给别人添麻烦。 每回接到母亲来信，我都要抚摸贴在信封右上角的邮票，那是母亲亲手贴上去的，它贴得规正却无画面感，很多时候是头朝下的，因为母亲根本看不见，她是凭感觉在贴。 邮票残留着母亲的手印，承载着母亲的挂念，那上面有母亲的气息。凝视中，我常常泪眼模糊…… 来自母亲的邮票一张一张地攒着，它们是母亲的替代。我对邮票的认识源自于此。
2019年CATTI二级笔译英译汉真题及参考答案 【第一篇】 So where there is financial connection, we see that rapid improvements in quality of life can quickly follow. In our modern context, there are several important channels to achieving this greater financial connectivity. I want to highlight two today: increased capital mobility and increased financial inclusion. First, enabling capital to flow more freely. Allowing capital to flow across borders can help support inclusive growth. Right now, foreign direct investment —FDI — is only 1.9 percent of GDP in developing countries. Before the global financial crisis, it was at 2.5 percent. Making progress on major infrastructure needs will require capital flows to rise again and to be managed safely. Greater openness to capital flows can also bring down the cost of finance, improve the efficiency of the financial sector, and allow capital to support productive investments and new jobs. Challenges that come with opening up capital markets. Thankfully, we know from experience the elements that are required for success. These include sound financial regulation, transparent rules for investment, and attention to fiscal sustainability. We also need increased financial inclusion. A few numbers: close to half of the adult population in low and middle-income Asia-Pacific economies do not have a bank account. Less than 10 percent have ever borrowed from a financial institution. And yet, we know that closing the finance gap is an “economic must-have” for nations to thrive in the 21st century. IMF analysis shows that if the least financially inclusive countries in Asia narrowed the finance gap to the level of Thailand — an emerging market economy — the poverty rate in those countries could be reduced by nearly 4 percent. How can we get there? In part, through policies that enable more women and rural citizens to access financial services. The financial gender gap for women in developing countries is about 9 percent and has remained largely unchanged since 2011. There is no silver bullet, but we know that fintech can play a catalyzing role. In Cambodia, for example, strong public-private partnerships in supporting mobile finance has led to a tripling in the number of micro-financial institutions since 2011. These institutions have now provided loans to over 2 million new borrowers, representing nearly 20 percent of the adult population. Many of these citizens had never had a bank account. Now they can save for the future and perhaps even start a business of their own. These are ideas that can work everywhere. But countries have to be willing to partner and learn from each other. That is one of the major reasons why last October, the IMF and World Bank launched the Bali Fintech Agenda. The agenda lays out key principles — from developing financial markets to safeguarding financial integrity — that can help each nation as it strives for greater financial inclusion. 【第一篇参考答案】
2018-11 【英译中】【Passage 1】 New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that Hawaii’s Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days. Smoke can be seen billowing off the lava as it creeps down roads and through wooded areas toward homes. Fires are visible with terrifying streams of brightness breaking through the surrounding areas of black. After a day of relative calm, Kilauea roared back in full force on Sunday,spewing lava 300 feet in the air, encroaching on a half mile of new ground and bringing the total number of destroyed structures to 35. 从无人机拍摄到的最新视频中，可以大概了解到近日火山喷发后，夏威夷大岛所遭受的损失情况。火山岩浆在道路上、树林里蔓延，直逼住家，岩浆所到处浓烟滚滚。在一片漆黑中可见多处大火，火光十分刺眼。基拉韦厄火山经过相对平静的一天后，周日又火力全开，将岩浆喷到300英尺高空，又侵蚀了半英里土地，共有35处建筑遭摧毁。 There have been 1,800 residents evacuated from their neighborhoods where cracks have been opening and spilling lava. In evacuated areas with relatively low sulfur dioxide levels, residents were allowed to return home for a few hours to collect belongings on Sunday and Monday. Officials said those residents – a little more than half of the evacuees — were allowed to return briefly, and they would continue to allow residents in if it could be done safely. 由于地面开裂、岩浆涌出，1800社区居民被疏散。周六周日，在二氧化硫浓度不高的被疏散区域，居民获准回家几个小时收拾家中物品。当地官员称，这些居民——约占被疏散居民总数的半数多些——被准许回家短暂停留，并且在保证安全的前提下，允许其他居民回家。 “Things got pretty active,” an official said at a Saturday press conference. “The eight volcanoes were pretty active, to the point where lava was spewing and the flow started spreading so we got additional damage out there. I’m not sure what the count is, but we thought it was just continuing to go. Fortunately, seismicity has laid down and the volcanoes have gone quiet now.” But officials had cautioned that while the lava flow was quiet, it wouldn’t be for long. “More volcano es could open up, the existing ones could get active again.” There’s a lot of lava under the ground so eventually it’s going to come up.” “这些火山变的很活跃，”一位官员在周六举行的新闻发布会上称，“有八个火山变的很活跃，岩浆喷出后，四处扩散，因此我们那里损失又多了些。我现在还不了解损失总数，但我们认为这个数字仍在不断攀升。庆幸地是，现在地震强度已经减弱，火山也开始平息下来了。”但是官员警告称，虽然岩浆流动慢下来了，
Section 1 V ocabulary and Grammar (60 points) This section consists of 3 parts. Read the direction for each part before answering the questions. Part 1 V ocabulary Selection In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C, and D respectively. Choose the word which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 1. From a young age, children begin a continuous process of evaluating themselves in the _____ of the opinions and comments of those around them. a. contrast b. return c. light d. spite 2. If you’re forced outside for hours ____ end, especially doing something physical, consider dumping water over your head or on your neck. a. at b. to c. in d. on 3. One reason for the cost of wave power is the need to make the equipment _____ to storm damage and corrosion. a. impassable b. impertinent c. imperious d. impervious 4. The study found that one in four people has missed an important appointment, and that nearly one in five has fallen ____ with a friend
英格瓦·坎普拉德可不是一般的亿万富翁。这位宜家家具帝国的创始人乘坐经济舱旅行，开着一辆有十年历史的沃尔沃汽车，总是下午去买水果和蔬菜，因为这时价格往往便宜些。如果有人问他生活中有什么奢侈的消费时，他的回答是：我偶尔喜欢买一件高档衬衫或一条围巾，吃点瑞典鱼子酱。? 坎普拉德先生是战后欧洲最杰出企业家之一。宜家创建于1943，当时仅仅从事邮购业务，现如今已经发展成为在全球31个国家经营，员工总数超过7万的国际化零售业巨头。 宜家的销售额逐年上涨。宜家的产品目录是全世界印数最多的印刷品，每年达到不可思议的1.1亿册。坎普拉德先生也变得异常富有。根据美国《福布斯》杂志，他的身价达到134亿美元(87亿英镑)，位列全球第17位。 宜家之所以取得了令人惊异的成功，首先是因为它那简单得令人难以置信的经营理念：向老百姓提供设计精美而又买得起的家具。其次就是坎普拉德本人，有魅力、谦逊、随和。他的思想和价值观绝对是宜家哲学的核心。 坎普拉德先生因生活极其节俭而闻名遐迩。他清洗用过的塑料杯以便再次利用。前不久，他决定不再让那位已经为他理发多年的瑞典理发师继续为他提供服务，原因是在现居地瑞士他找到一位理发师，每次只收14瑞士法郎(6英镑)。?这数字合理，?他笑着说。 宜家所有的高管都十分了解成本意识的重要性。公司不鼓励他们乘坐头等舱或商务舱旅行。?最好的领导方式是以身作则?，坎普拉德先生说过，?让我坐头等舱，而让我的同事们坐旅游舱，是我绝对不能接受的。?
他巡视宜家集团的店铺时，他总是要和员工们握手或拥抱，以此向员工传递一种?伙伴?的感觉，这种做法在瑞典绝不多见。?叫我英格瓦，?他对员工说。他不喜欢打领带，而是喜欢敞开衬衫的领口，这样的衣着方式也突显了他的不拘礼节和没有等级观念。 在个人生活方面和事业方面坎普拉德先生都经历过艰苦的奋斗过程。他一直与读写困难症和其他疾病抗争。 他性格中很突出的一点就是对细节的偏执性关注。巡视他的商店时，他不仅和经理们交谈，还要和最基层的员工以及顾客们交谈。在最近一次视察宜家的六家瑞典门店时，他说，?发现了100个需要讨论的细节性问题。? 在他自己看来，他最大的优点就是选择正确的人员来管理他的企业。 他下定决心不让宜家集团上市，因为股东的短期要求和企业长期的规划会有冲突。?我讨厌急功近利的决策。如果你想实施长效的决策，上市后就很难了。进入俄罗斯市场时，我们就曾不得不决定要亏损十年。? 自1986年从集团总裁位置上退下来以后，坎普拉德先生就慢慢地从业务中淡出。尽管他承认自己非常不愿意完全退出，但他仍然坚持说自己是?参与过多，过问的细节太多。?问题是：假如没有坎普拉德先生，宜家能否恒久存在?宜家是否太过于依赖其创始人?宜家控制权渐渐从坎普拉德先生转移到他的三个儿子手中以后，宜家帝国能否继续辉煌? 【参考译文】
https://www.doczj.com/doc/739312884.html, CATTI二级笔译历年真题以及答案 英汉翻译八大注意事项 陈炳发全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语专家委员会委员 有幸多次参与国家人事部组织、外文局实施并管理的全国翻译资格(水平)考试的阅卷、质检工作，我发现，一些考生翻译水平还是不错的，但对于翻译的基本常识缺乏了解，不知道如何规范地处理数字、人名、地名、机构名、缩略语以及其他问题，因而或多或少地影响了个人的成绩。以下是我收集整理的一些考试中常见的“雷区”，可能对考生提高考试成绩有所助益。 一、数字 关于数字用法的问题，国家主管部门已有具体规定，各翻译出版机构以及一些国际组织也有自己的专门规定。有志于从事翻译职业的人应该对这些有起码的了解。 一般的规定是，对于纯粹属于计量或统计范畴的数值，无论原文是否使用阿拉伯数字，译文一般用阿拉伯数字。例如：原文“654,321,000”，译文中照抄“654,321,000”即可;不能译为6亿5千4百32万1千。原文“fifty million”，可译为“5 000万”;不能译为“五十百万”，
https://www.doczj.com/doc/739312884.html, 或“50百万”。对于万以上数字，中文一般以“万”和“亿”为单位;原文“half a billion”，可译为“5亿”。原文“five trucks”，可译为“5辆卡车”;原文“3-4 percent”，可译为“3%-4%”;原文“five percentage points”，可译为“5个百分点”。 原文用英文数字或罗马数字表示的，除纯粹属于计量或统计范畴的数值的情况外，译文用汉字。例如：原文“Chapter II”，可译为“第二章”，不能译为“第2章”;原文“Committee of Twenty-four”，可译为“二十四国委员会”，不能译为“24国委员会”;原文“Sixty-fourth Session”，可译为“第六十四届会议”，不能译为“第64届会议”。 在原文中，数字如作为词素构成固定的词、词组、惯用语、缩略语、具有修辞色彩的语句，以及邻近两个数字连用表示概数的情况，则译文中可使用汉字;整数一至十，如果不是出现在具有统计意义的一组数字中，可以用汉字，但要照顾到上下文，以便求得局部体例上的一致。例如：原文“quarter”，应译为“四分之一”;原文“three to four people”，则译为“三四人”;原文“Third World”，可译为“第三世界”;原文“several thousand people”，则译为“几千人”;原文“five principles”，可译为“五项原则”;原文“four or five hundred”，可译为“四五百”;原文“well over sixty”，可译为“六十好几了(年龄)”, 原文“50-odd years old”，可译为“五十出头”, 原文“a little over 30 years old”，可译为“三十挂零”等等。 对于数字的翻译还可以做出许多规定，但对于翻译(水平)考试而言，掌握以上三点就基本可以了。对于不规范的数字表述，诸如“6亿5千4百32万1千”之类，阅卷老师都是要酌情扣分的。
2003年12英语二级《笔译综合能力》试题 Part1 Summary Writing 1.Read the following English passage and then write a Chinese summary of approximately 300 words that expresses its main ideas and basic information (40 points, 50 minutes) Deceptively small in column inches, a recent New York Times article holds large meaning for us in business. The item concerned one Daniel Provenzano, 38, of Upper Saddle River, N.J. Here is the relevant portion: When he owned a Fort Lee printing company called Advice Inc., Mr. Provenzano said he found out that a sales representative he employment had stolen $9,000. Mr. Provenzano said he told the man that “if he wanted to keep his employment, I would have to break his thumb.” He said another Advice employee drove the sales representative to Holy Name Hospital in Teaneck, broke the thumb with a hammer outside the hospital, and then had a car service take the man home after the thumb was repaired. Mr. Provenzano explained that he “didn’t want to set an example” that workers could get away with stealing. The worker eventually paid back $4,500 and kept his job, he said. I know that you’re thinking: This is an outrage. I, too, was shocked that Provenzano was being prosecuted for his astute management. Indeed, I think his “modest proposal” has a lot to teach managers as they struggle with the problems of our people-centered business environment. Problems such as …. Dealing with the bottom 10%. GE made the system famous, but plenty of companies are using it: Every year you get rid of the worst-evaluated workers. Many managers object that this practice is inhumane, but not dealing with that bottom 10% leads to big performance problems. Provenzano found a kinder, gentler answer. After all, this employee would have been fired virtually anywhere else. But at Advice Inc., he stayed on the job. And you know what? I bet he become a very, very —very —productive employee. For most managers Provenzano’s innovative response will be a welcome new addition to their executive tool kit. And by the way, “executive tool kit” is clearly more than just a metaphor at Advice Inc. Being the employer of choice. With top talent scarce everywhere, most companies now want to be their industry’s or their community’s most desirable. Advice Inc. understood. The employee in question wasn’t simply disciplined in his supervisor’s office and sent home. No, that’s how an ordinary employer would have done it. But at Advice Inc., another employee —the HR manager, perhaps? —took time out his busy day and drove the guy right to the emergency room. And then —the detail that says it all —the company provided a car service to drive the employee home. The message to talented job candidates comes through loud and clear: Advice Inc. is a company that cares. Setting an example to others. An eternal problem for managers is how to let all employees know what happens to those who perform especially well or badly. A few companies actually post everyone’s salary and bonus on their intranet. But pay is so one-dimensional. At Advice Inc., a problem that would hardly be mentioned at most companies —embezzlement —was undoubtedly the topic of rich discussions for weeks, at least until the employee’s cast came off. Any employee theft probably went way, way —way —down. When the great Roberto Goizueta was CEO of Coca-Cola he used to talk about this problem of setting examples and once observed, “Sometimes you must have an execution in the public square!” But of course he was speaking only figuratively. If he had just listened to his own words, Goizueta might have been an even better CEO. Differentiation. This is one of Jack Welch’s favorite concepts —the idea that managers should treat different employees very differently based on performance. Welch liked to differentiate with salary, bonus, and stock options, but now, in what must henceforth be known as the post-Provenzano management era, we can see that GE’s great management thinker just wasn’t thinking big enough. This Times article is tantalizing and frustrating. In just a few sentences it opens a whole new world of management, yet much more surely remains to be told. We must all urge Provenzano to write a book explaining his complete managerial philosophy. 2.Read the following Chinese passage and then write an English summary of approximately 250 words that expresses its central ideas and main viewpoints (40 points, 50 minutes) 越是对原作体会深刻，越是欣赏原文的每秒，越觉得心长力，越觉得译文远远的传达不出原作的神韵。返工的次数愈来愈多，时间也花得愈来愈多，结果却总是不满意。……例如句子的转弯抹角太生硬，色彩单调，说理强而描绘弱，处处都和我性格的缺陷与偏差有关。自然，我并不因此灰心，照样“知其不可为而为之”，不过要心情愉快也很难了。
2018年下半年CATTI英语二级笔译实务真题 (总分：100.00，做题时间：180分钟) 一、英译汉(总题数：2，分数：50.00) 1. Passage 1 New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that parts of Hawaii's Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days.Smoke can be seen billowing off the lava as it creeps down roads and through wooded areas toward homes.Fires are visible with terrifying streams of brightness breaking through the surrounding areas of black.After a day of relative calm, Kilauea roared back in full force on Sunday, spewing lava 3,00 feet in the air, encroaching on a half mile of new ground and bringing the total number of destroyed structures to 35.There have been 1,800 residents evacuated from their homes in the Leilani Estates and Lanipuna Gardens neighborhoods where cracks have been opening and spilling lava.In evacuated areas with relatively low sulfur dioxide levels, residents were allowed to return home for a few hours to collect belongings on Sunday and Monday. Officials said those residents -- a little more than half of the evacuees -- were allowed to return briefly, and Magno said they would continue to allow residents in if it could be done safely. "Things got pretty active," an official said at a Saturday press conference." The eight volcanoes were pretty active, to the point where lava was spewing and the flow started spreading so we got additional damage out there. I'm not sure what the count is, but we thought it was just continue to go. Fortunately, seismicity has laid down and the vents have gone quiet now." But officials had cautioned that while the lava flow was quiet, it wouldn't be for long." More volcanoes could open up, the existing ones could get active again. There's a lot of lava or magma under the ground so eventually it's going to come up."The island was also rocked by a 6.9-magnitude earthquake on Friday, which caused landslides near the coast, but minimal structural damage. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) said Sunday the island had experienced more than 500 earthquakes -- 13 with a magnitude greater than 4.0 -- in the 24 hours following the 6.9-magnitude quake.The concern for residents continues to be the lava and gas emitted from vents, though. "This is lava, that is definitely destroying people's homes -- we don't have an exact count -- but it is a devastating situation and it's going to be everyday that it goes on," Hawaii County Managing Director Wil Okabe said Saturday. "Mother nature, there's no way we could've predicted this." （分数：25.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：( 近日，无人机新拍摄到的画面展现了夏威夷大岛（Hawaii's Big Island）在火山喷发后的破坏景象：岩浆顺着道路缓慢流淌，穿过树林，朝着村舍进发，产生的烟雾翻滚升腾。熊熊烈火闪耀着光芒，照亮四周的黑色区域。经过一天的相对平静期，基拉韦厄火山（Kilauea）于周日再次全力爆发，喷射出的岩浆高达300英尺，半英里土地被侵蚀，总共摧毁了35栋房屋。在地裂和岩浆喷发地区，1800名居民撤离他们居住的社区。而在二氧化硫水平相对较低的地方，居民则被允许在周日和周一抽几个小时回家拿出自己所需的物品。政府官员表示，在确保安全的情况下，大部分被疏散的居民可以暂时回家，后期他们还会允许更多的居民回家。
2016年5月CATTI二级笔译实务真题 △英译汉 【第一篇】 Jane Goodall was already on a London dock in March 1957when she realized that her passport was missing. In just a few hours, she was due to depart on her first trip to Africa. A school friend had moved to a farm outside Nairobi and, knowing Goodall’s childhood dream was to live among the African wildlife,invited her to stay with the family for a while. Goodall, then 22,saved for two years to pay for her passage to Kenya:waitressing, doing secretarial work, temping at the post office in her hometown, Bournemouth, on England’s southern coast. Now all this was for naught, it seemed. It’s hard not to wonder how subsequent events in her life — rather consequential as they have turned out to be to conservation, to science, to our sense of ourselves as a species — might have unfolded differently had someone not found her passport, along with an itinerary from Cook’s, the travel agency, folded inside, and delivered it to the Cook’s office. An agency representative,documents in hand, found her on the dock. “Incredible,” Goodall told me last month, recalling that day. “Amazing.” Within two months of her arrival, Goodall met the paleontologist Louis Leakey —Nairobi was a small town for its white population in those days —and he immediately offered her a job at the natural-history museum where he was curator. He spent much of the next three years testing her capacity for repetitive work. He believed in a hypothesis first put forth by Charles Darwin that humans and chimpanzees sharean evolutionary ancestor. Close study of chimpanzees in the wild, he thought, might tell us something about that common progenitor. He was, in other words, looking for someone to live among Africa’s wild animals. One night, he told Goodall that he knew just the place where she could do it: Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve, in the British colony of Tanganyika (now Tanzania). In July 1960, Goodall boarded a boat and after a few hours motoring over the warm, deep waters of Lake Tanganyika, she stepped onto the pebbly beach at Gombe. Her finding, published in Nature in 1964, that chimpanzees use tools —extracting insects from atermite mound with leaves of grass —drastically and forever altered humanity’s understanding of itself; man was no longer the natural world’s only user of tools. After two and a half decades of living out her childhood dream, Goodall made an abrupt career shift, from scientist to conservationist. 【第二篇】