2009年12月PRETCO(A级) 阅读理解部分真题解析及解题方法(一)
(保留原题号，a卷)
Part III Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )
Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should
read the materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.
Task 1
Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements , numbered 36 to 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked
A),
B), C), and D). You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Google, the Internet search-engine company, has announced it will give more than twenty-five
million dollors in money and investment to help the poor. The company says the effort involves
using the power of information and technology to help people improve their lives.
Aleem Walji works for https://www.doczj.com/doc/778754011.html,--the part of the company that gives money to good causes. He
said the company’s first project will help identify where infectious ( 传染性的) diseases are developing. In southeast Asia and Africa, for example, https://www.doczj.com/doc/778754011.html, will work with partners to strengthen early-warning systems and take action against growing health threats.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/778754011.html,’s second project will invest in ways to help smal l and medium-sized businesses
grow.
Walji says microfinance（小额信贷）is generally small, short-term loans that create few jobs. Instead, he says https://www.doczj.com/doc/778754011.html, wants to develop ways to bring investors and owners together to create jobs and improve economic growth .
https://www.doczj.com/doc/778754011.html, will also give money to help two climate-change programs announced earlier this year.
One of these programs studies ways to make renewable (再生的) energy less costly than coal-based energy. The other is examining the efforts being made to increase the use of electric
cars.
The creators of Google have promised to give https://www.doczj.com/doc/778754011.html, about one percent of company profits
and one percent of its total stock value every year. Aleem Walji says this amount may increase in
the future.
［文章大意］短文介绍谷歌公司利用信息和科技力量所实施的一揽子扶贫计划。援助找到
传染病的根源；援助中小企业发展壮大以创造更多的就业机会；同时援助两个气候变化项目。
谷歌承诺每年都将投入1%的利润和1%的股值用于这些扶贫计划。
36. The purpose of Google’s investments is to_ .
A) help poor people
B) develop new technology
C）expand its own business
D) increase the power of information
［答案］A)
［解析］此题属于事实细节题。事实细节类考题在历次三级考试中出现的频率最高，几乎
占到整个阅读考题的95%以上。事实细节题是指针对原文提到的事物、现象或理论等进行提
问，它主要涉及主要人物、主要事件、主要情节、主要过程、主要的原因和结果、主要的数 麐衏瞺
w{|媁 sQ.曂? ~b鶴 Y R_硚 0l廱c-据及主要的时间和地点等内容。辨认文中事实与细节可从以下几个步骤入手：（1）先确定文
章中心思想；（2）带着问题有目的去读，找出特定事实与细节。迅速确认题干中关键词/词
组，到文中的相应位置周围寻找同义词/词组、近义词/词组（有时关键词/词组会以其他词
性形式出现），它们往往引出所需正确答案，即运用“回文查读定位法”；（3）注意区分作者
观点和事实；（4）注意句与句、段落之间表达因果、顺序等关系的连接词，比如as a result, first, second等。一般来说，题目排列的次序与文章的结构基本是一致的，即题目需要的信
息点在文章中是按顺序出现的。解题时，可首先仔细阅读题干，找出关键词或词组，然后在
原文中找到相关的句子，从选项中找出与原文描述相对应的、符合原文意思的一项。依据题
干信息和选项关键词The purpose of Google’s investments is to，可知答案对应句在短文的第
一句“Google, the Internet search-engine company, has announced it will give more than twenty-five million dollors in money and investment to help the poor.”，由此可推知正确答案为
A)。
37. According to Aleem Walji, the company’s first project is to _ .
A) set up a new system to warn people of infectious diseases
B) find out where infectious diseases develop
C) identify the causes of infectious diseases
D) cure patients of infectious diseases
［答案］B)
［解析］此题属于事实细节题。依据题干信息、关键词first project，可知答案对应句在短
文第二段的第二句“He said the company’s first project will help identify where infectious ( 传
染性的) diseases are developing.”，由此可知正确答案为B)。
38. What kind of businesses will benefit fr om https://www.doczj.com/doc/778754011.html,’s second project?
A) large enterprises
B) cross-national companies
C) foreign-funded corporations
D) small and medium-sized businesses
［答案］D)
［解析］此题属于事实细节题。依据题干信息、关键词second project，可知答案对应句在
短文第三段的第一句“https://www.doczj.com/doc/778754011.html,’s second project will invest in ways to help small and medium-sized businesses grow.”，由此可判断出正确答案为D)。
39. From the fourth paragraph, we learn that Google’s money is also invested to heip_ .
A) start more research programs
B) make more advanced electric cars
C) develop renewable and coal-based energy
D) conduct studies related to climate changes
［答案］D)
［解析］此题属于事实细节题。依据题干信息、关键词to heip，可知答案对应句在短文第
四段的第一句“https://www.doczj.com/doc/778754011.html, will also give money to help two climate-change programs announced
earlier this year.”，由此可判断出正确答案为D)。
40. From the last paragraph we learn that the investments by https://www.doczj.com/doc/778754011.html, come from_ .
A) Google’s profits and stock value
B) some international IT companies
C) the company’s own interests
D) local commercial banks 频率最高，几乎
占到整个阅读考题的95%以上。事实细节3［答案］A)
［解析］此题属于事实细节题。依据题干信息、关键词to heip，可知答案对应句在短文最
后一段的第一句“The creators of Google have promised to give https://www.doczj.com/doc/778754011.html, about one percent of
company profits and one percent of its total stock value every year.”，由此可判断出正确答案为
A)。
Task 2
Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 to 45.
Your boss holds your future prospects in his hands. Some bosses are hard to get along with. Some
have excellent qualifications but no idea when it comes to dealing with people. Of course, not
all
bosses are like that.
The relationship you have with your boss can be a major factor in determining your rise up the
career ladder. Your boss is not only your leader , he is also the person best equipped to help you
do the job you are paid to do . He can inform you of company direction that may affect your professional development.
Your boss also needs you to perform at your best in order to accomplish his objectives. He needs your feedback in order to provide realistic and useful reports to upper management. But how does this help you establish a meaningful working relationship with your boss?
The key is communication. Learn and understand his goals and priorities (优先的事). Observe
and understand your boss’s work style. If he has not been clear with his expectations, ask ! Likewise, ask for feedback and accept criticism gracefully. And if he understands that you do not
view your job as just something to fill the hours between 9 and 5, he may be more likely to help
you .
In short, getting along with your boss requires getting to know his likes and dislikes and learning to work with his personality and management style.
［文章大意］短文谈及如何处理好与公司老板的关系及其重要性。职员的职业升迁由老板
决定; 老板需要职员尽全力实现其企业目标；职员需要了解老板的喜好、性格及其管理风格。
41. The main idea of the first paragraph is that_ .
A) bosses are hard to deal with
B) bosses have good character
C) bosses determine your career future
D) bosses must have similar personality
［答案］C)
［解析］此题属于主旨大意题。此类题主要考查考生对整篇文章或段落的理解和概括能力，
主要涉及文章的中心思想、主题和标题等，答案往往在主题句中。通常，主旨/段意由主题
句或段首句体现，非常容易发现，有时也位于文尾或段尾，这种方式叫显性主旨/段意；另
一种是隐含在文中的，需要读者用自己的话去概括或总结，叫做隐性主旨/段意。在回答主
旨题时，务必选择高度概括的选项，答案越概括越好，涵盖面越广越好。完成显性的主旨题
时要注意选项和文中的同义词、近义词，不同的语法结构和不同的视角对这些内容的重述，迪附?而隐性的主旨题由于文中没有现成的句子表达，需要读者通过上下文总结概括。此题属于显
性的主旨题。依据短文第一段第一句“Your boss holds your future prospects in his hands.”，可推知正确答案为C)。
42. In the second paragraph, “rise up the career ladder”(Line 2) means_ .
A) going to work abroad
B) changing jobs frequently
C) being promoted in position
D) pursuing an advanced degree
［答案］C)
［解析］此题属于语义猜测题。解此类题最重要的是理解生词出现的语境。狭义的语境可
以理解为生词本身的结构或它在文中的上下文。广义的语境可以包括文章的语域、读者的认
知结构以及社会文化背景知识等。归纳猜测词义常用的一些方法，可以发现主要是通过以下
线索：（1）内部线索，即通过词的前后缀、词根等推测词义。（2）定义线索，包括X is /means
Y的正式定义，也有通过描写、比较与对照、同位语及信号词下定义的方法。(3)物理环境线
索，如图片、图表等。（4）篇章线索，这种线索存在与学习者的脑中，尤其是经历和背景知
识。依据题干信息回到原文，我们可以找到答案的对应句在短文第一句和第二句“The relationship you have with your boss can be a major factor in determining your rise up the career
ladder. Your boss is not only your leader , he is also the person best equipped to help you do the
job you are paid to do .”，根据第二句所描述表达的内容，可以判断答案为C)。
43. In order to achieve his objectives , your boss expects that you willl_ .
A) do your best in your work
B) show your management skills
C) get along with your colleagues
D) write reports to upper management
［答案］A)
［解析］此题属于事实细节题。依据题干信息和关键词In order to achieve his objectives，可知答案对应句在短文第三段的第一句“Your boss also needs you to perform at your best in
order to accomplish his objectives.”，由此可知正确答案为A)。
44.The most important factor for establishing a good woking relationship with the boss
is_ .
A) high expectations
B) quick feedback
C) frequent criticism
D) effective communication
［答案］D)
［解析］此题属于事实细节题。依据题干信息和关键词The most important factor ，可知答
案对应句在短文第四段的第一句“The key is communication.”由此可知正确答案为D)。
45. The best title for the passage might be _ .
A) How to Take Care of Your Boss
B) How to Get Along with Your Boss
C) How to Accept Your Boss’s Criticism
D) How to Accomplish Your Boss’s Objective
［答案］B)
［解析］此题属于主旨大意题。依据短文的最后一段“In short, getting along with your boss 意；另
一种是隐含在文中的，需要读者用自己的话Mrequires getting to know his likes and dislikes and learning to work with his personality and
management style.”，可推知正确答案为B)。
Task 3
Directions: The following is an Announcement. After reading it, you are required to complete the
outline below it (No.46 to 50). You should write your answers briefly (in no more than three words) on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.
We welcome you aboard the Eastern Flight and will do our best to make your trip comfortable and enjoyable.
For your safety and convenience
To begin the trip, we would like to draw your attention to some safety-related details. These are
also explained on the instruction card in the seat pocket in front of you. Seat belts must remain
fastened while the “Fasten seatbelts”sign is on . It is advisable to keep them fastened at all times
while seated. All flights are non-somking . The use of mobile telephones is now allowed when the
airplane is on the ground. During the flight the use of CD and DVD players is not allowed. For your entertainment
To help you enjoy your trip , we provide a range of newspapers .On our MD-11 and Boeing aircraft, we provide music and video programs. On Airbus A 321/320/319, short videos are shown.
Meals and drinks
During most flights we serve you a tasty meal and drinks. Beer, wine and other drinks are served
free of charge. Coffee, tea and juice are served free of charge on all domestic (国内的)
flights .On
domestic flights leaving before nine and on all flights to Northern China ,a snack is served.
［文章大意］短文介绍飞机飞行过程中的注意事项。安全方面：系好安全带，关闭手机，
不得吸烟，不得播放CD和DVD; 娱乐方面：备有报纸，提供音乐及录像; 饮食方面：可以
提供可口的餐点和饮料。
Eastern Flight Service
Safety and convenience
1) Seat belts: remain 46 while the “Fasten seatbelts”sign is on
2) Somking : not alloweed on board
3) Mobile phones: used only when the airplane is 47
4) CD and DVD : not allowed to play 48
Entertainment provided
1) newspapers
2) music and 49 on MD-11 and Boeing aircraft
Meals and drinks on board
1) meals served on most fllights
2) coffee ,tea and juice served free of charge
3) a snack served on all flights to 50 .
cism
D) How to Accomplish Your Boss’s Object`
46. ［答案］fastened
［解析］这是事实细节题。依据题干信息、关键词remain，可知答案对应句在For your safety and convenience部分的第三句“Seat belts must remain fastened while the “Fasten seatbelts”sign is on .”，所以正确答案为fastened。
47. ［答案］on the ground
［解析］这是事实细节题。依据题干信息和关键词Mobile phones，可知答案对应句在
For your safety and convenience部分的倒数第二句“The use of mobile telephones is now allowed when the airplane is on the ground.”，所以正确答案为on the ground。
48. ［答案］during the flight
［解析］这是事实细节题。依据题干信息、关键词not allowed to play，可知答案对应点
在For your safety and convenience部分的倒数第一句“During the flight the use of CD and DVD
players is not allowed.”，所以正确答案为during the flight。
49. ［答案］video programs
［解析］这是事实细节题。依据题干信息、关键词music和on MD-11 and Boeing aircraft，可知答案对应句在For your entertainment部分的第二句“On our MD-11 and Boeing aircraft,
we provide music and video programs.”，所以正确答案为video programs。
50. ［答案］Northern China
［解析］这是事实细节题。依据题干信息、关键词snack，可知答案对应句在Meals and
drinks
部分的最后一句“On domestic flights leaving before nine and on all flights to Northern China ,a
snack is served.”，由此可知正确答案为Northern China。
［解题方法］
1）重点放在文章所传达的重要信息上（与写信息有关的人物、地点、时间等等），可以在原
文标出；
2）不要花太多时间去理解某个词或句子，只要了解到其中包含的信息即可；
3）应用性文体有较为固定的框架格式和常用套语。考生可先阅读要求填空的提纲，了解文
章的类型（广告、合同、通知、申请书、前言、简介等等），再读题目，了解需要填的信息；
4）按照题目中的关键词，去原文寻找出处。大部分题目的答案可直接在文中找到答案，而
有一些则需要考生进行归纳，或者进行转换；
5）因为答题要求不超过3个词，所以考生必须抓住关键词或核心词，把修饰语如：形容词、
冠词、代词、介词短语等去掉（在不影响核心内容的情况下）。
总结起来为三个步骤：读提纲，看类型；关键词，找出处；归纳、转换和删减。Entertainment provided
1) newspap€
国际法练习题1 一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分)在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。 1.庇护权属于( ) A.请求庇护的个人 B.请求庇护人的国籍国 C.被请求庇护的国家 D.实行"议会民主制"的国家 2.一般认为对国际法渊源作了权威性说明的国际文件是( ) A.《国际联盟盟约》 B.《联合国宪章》 C.《国际法院规约》 D.《维也纳条约法公约》 3.善意履行国际义务的原则源于( ) A.国际道义 B.善良原则 C.主权自限 D.条约必须遵守 4.航空器的国籍是( ) A.航空器所有人的国籍 B.航空器承租人的国籍 C.航空器登记国的国籍 D.机长的国籍 5.依据犯罪嫌疑人的国籍行使的刑事管辖原则称作( ) A.属地管辖 B.属人管辖 C.保护性管辖 D.普遍管辖 6.引申出国家司法豁免权的法律原则是( ) A.一国不得干涉他国事务 B.国家间应互相尊重 C.平等者之间无管辖权 D.国家司法独立 7.《联合国宪章》规定负责条约登记的机关是( ) A.秘书处 B.安理会 C.经社理事会 D.国际法院 8.国际环境保护实行的原则是( ) A.差别待遇 B.优惠待遇 C.特殊待遇 D.公平待遇 9.《外层空间条约》规定，探索和利用外层空间应( ) A.为全人类的福利和利益 B.为航天技术所有国的利益 C.为发展中国家的利益 D.为发展外空技术 10.根据《条约法公约》第51条的规定，使条约无效的情况有( ) A.条约未经批准 B.条约规定与缔约国国内法冲突 C.条约规定涉及第三国利益 D.条约是在对缔约代表实施强迫的情况下缔结的 11.采取防止陆源污染的措施者主要是( ) A.联合国 B.沿海国 C.可能被污染的受害国 D.渔业大国 12.《海洋法公约》规定，沿海国对专属经济区内自然资源的权利性质是( ) A.管辖权 B.占有权 C.管制权 D.主权权利 13.《联合国宪章》关于联合国及其会员国应遵守的原则规定在其( ) A.序言 B.第1条 C.第2条 D.第7章各条 14.《海洋法公约》规定，沿海国家有权确定的领海宽度是从领海基线量起不得超过( ) A.6海里 B.12海里 C.24海里 D.200海里 15.通航边界河流，若无边界条约规定，其界线一航应划在( ) A.河床中心线 B.航道中心线 C.对方河岸 D.本国河岸 16.我国《民法通则》规定，当我国缔结的条约与我国民事法律有不同规定时，应适用( ) A.我国法律 B.该项条约 C.我国法律或该项条约，视情况而定 D.有关民事政策
Passage1 Reading leadership literature, you’d sometimes think that everyone has the potential to be an effective leader. 读领导文学，你有时会认为每个人都有可能成为一个有效的领导者。 I don’t believe that to be true. In fact, I see way fewer truly effective leaders than I see people stuck in positions of leadership who arc sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their own abilities. 我不相信这是真的。事实上，我认为真正有效的领导者的方式比我看到的人都陷在领导的职位上，遗憾的是他们自己的能力不称职，严重误导了他们。 Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire to（追求）leadership in the first place. 对产生这种现象的原因一部分是由那些渴望缺乏诚实的自我评估（追求）放在首位的领导 We've all met the type of individual who simply must take charge. Whether it's a decision-making session, a basketball game, or a family outing, they can't help grabbing the lead dog position and clinging on to it for dear life. They believe they're natural born leaders. 我们都遇到了个人的类型，他们必须负责。无论是决策会议，篮球比赛，还是家庭外出，他们都不能不抓住领导的狗的地位，并紧紧抓住它，因为亲爱的生命。他们相信他们是天生的领袖。 Truth is, they're nothing of the sort. True leaders don't assume that it's their divine（神圣的）right to take charge every time two or more people get together. Quite the opposite. A great leader will assess each situation on its merits, and will only take charge when their position, the situation, and/or the needs of the moment demand it. 事实是，他们没有什么样的。真正的领导者不认为这是他们的神圣（神圣的）负责每次两个或两个以上的人在一起吧。恰恰相反。一个伟大的领导者会对每一个情况进行评估，并在他们的位置、情况和/或需要的情况下，只会负责。 Many business executives confuse leadership with action. They believe that constant motion somehow generates leadership as a byproduct. Faced with any situation that can’t be solved by the sheer force of activity, they generate a dust cloud of impatience. Their one leadership tool is
国际公法试题 1.确立现代国际法基本原则的最重要的国际条约是( )。A. <<联合国宪章》 2. 国家依法赋予出生国籍的标准之一是(DD. ((日内瓦公约》 3. 一个国家准许外国人离境的条件，首先是该外国人必须已经)。 B. 履行了当地的义务 4. 确立南极法律制度的基本条约是)。D. ((南极条约》 5. 根据《联合国海洋法公约》的规定，在群岛国的群岛海道上适用)。A. 通过制度 6. 重于空气的飞机载人飞行成功是(A.1903 年 7. ((蒙特利尔公约》中关于"使用中"的界定是( )。B. 从地面人员或机组为某一特定飞行而对航空器进行飞行前的准备时起，直到降落后24 小时止 8. 以下哪类使馆人员在接受国享有完全的外交特权与豁免? ( )A. 使馆的外交人员 9. 在传统国际法理论中.一国对他国进口商品征收高关税，限制商品进口的行为，引起他国的行为，是一种合法的解决国际争端的方法。B. 反报 10.国际法院对联合国大会提出的法律问题发表的意见是)。A. 咨询意见 L 国际法基本原则的特征之一是各国公认，这意味着( )。 A 一国不能创造国际法弘一国可以创造国际法 2. 联邦国家属于( )。 B. 复合制国家已被保护国 3. "归化"是指通过( )程序取得国籍。c. 申请 4. 中华人民共和国毗连区的宽度是( )。c.从领海基线至其外部界线距离 5. 人类历史上第一种成功飞离地面的载人工具是( )。B. 热气球 6. ((蒙特利尔公约》中关于"使用中"的界定是( )。 B. 从地面人员或机组为某一特定飞行而对航空器进行飞行前的准备时起，直到降落 后24 小时止 7。我国条约缔约权由( )行使。A.国务院 8. 没有签署条约的国家表示同意接受条约拘束的方式是( )。A. 如人 9. ((维也纳条约法公约》规定条约的保留方式是( )。B.书面 10.区域性国际组织在解决区域内国际争端时，采取执行行动之前，须经( 忖lt 准。 B. 联合国安理会 1.最早将西方国际法著作翻译成中文的中国人是( )。B. 丁题良 2. 联邦国家属于( )。B. 复合制国家 3. 根据《中华人民共和国宪法》的规定，对于因为( )原因要求避难的外国人，经中国政 府主管机关批准，准许在中国居留。c.政治 4. 一国依条约同意为另一国的利益而不在其国境上的特定地点建立军事要塞，这种对领 土主权的限制称为)。B. 国际地役 5. 最早把大陆架作为法律概念提出的是)。C. 美国总统杜鲁门 6. 对于发生在公海上的船舶碰撞或其他航行及船长或其他服务人员的刑事或纪律责任事 项，由( )专属管辖。c.船旗国或有关人员所属国 7. 派遣国在正式任命使馆( )前需征得接受国的同意。B. 武官 8. 联合国的创始会员国有)。C. 51 个 9. 联合国维持世界和平与安全首要的机关是( )。D. 安理会 10. 第一位中华人民共和国国籍的国际法院法官是( )。D. 倪征噢1. 18 世纪末首次将调整国家之间关系的法律称为国际法的学者是( )。B.边沁 2. 联邦国家属于( )。B. 复合制国家 3. 根据《中华人民共和国宪法》的规定，对于因为( )原因要求避难的外国人，经中国 政府主管机关批准，准许在中国居留。C. 政治 4. 一国依条约同意为另一国的利益而不在其国境上的特定地点建立军事要塞，这种对领 土主权的限制称为( )。B.国际地役 5. 最早把大陆架作为法律概念提出的是( )。c.美国总统杜鲁门 6. 对于发生在公海上的船舶碰撞或其他航行及船长或其他服务人员的刑事或纪律责任 事项，由( )专属管辖。C. 船旗国或有关人员所属国 7. 派遣国在正式任命使馆( )前需征得接受国的同意。B.武官 8. 联合国的创始会员国有( )。C. 51个 9. 联合国维持世界和平与安全首要的机关是( )。D. 安理会 10. 第一位中华人民共和国国籍的国际法院法官是( )。 D.倪征( 日+ 奥)( y u 三声〉 二、多项选择题{每题2 分，共20 分，每题至少有一项答案正确，多选 或少选均不得分) 1 1.现代国际法的发展表现在哪些方面? ( ) A. 国际法主体的增加 B. 国际法调整对象和范围的扩大 c.国际法的领域和内容的新变化D. 国际法的全面系统编寨 12. 甲国和乙国合并成为丙国，则下列选项中属于丙国政府应该继承的债务的有( )。 A. 甲国政府向丁国政府所贷款项 B.甲国政府关于甲国南方省水利项目向丁国政府所贷款项 13. 外交保护的条件包括(。 A. 本国国民的合法权益困所在国的国际不当行为而受到侵害 B. 受害人自受害之日到抗议或求偿结束之日须持续具有本国国籍，而且一般不能具 有所在国的国籍 D. 受害人须已用尽当地救济且未能获得合理补偿 14. 国际人权法的保护对象包括( )。 A. 公民和政治权利 B. 经济、社会和文化权利 C 民族自决权D.环境权 15. 国际法上引渡的程序一-般包括)。 A. 提出引渡请求 B. 被请求国的审查 c.引攘的执行
大学英语四级阅读理解试题 Many people believe the glare from snow causes snowblindnenss. Yet, dark glasses or not , they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes,and even snowblindness,when exposed to several hours of "snow light" . The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snowblindness in troops in a snow- covered , a man's eyes frequently find nothing to foucs on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered terrain. So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of tsomething to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never sotp searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. Nature offsets this irritation by producing more and fluid which covers the eyeball. The fluid coversthe eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs, then is obsured,and the result is total, even though temporary,snowblindness. Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are
2015年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 国际法试卷 (课程代码 00247) 本试卷共5页，满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。 考生答题注意事项： 1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。2．第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。3．第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号。使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。 第一部分选择题 一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分) 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题卡” 的相应代码涂黑。未涂、错涂或多涂均无分。 1．国际法规范的强制实施主要依靠的是 A．维和部队的强制措施 B．国际组织的制裁措施 C．国际司法机构的强制执行 D. 受害国的自助措施 2．国家在涉及下列事项的诉讼中可以援引管辖豁免的是 A. 从事商业活动的外国政府船舶 B．与政府行使权力紧密相关的雇佣合同C．商业交易 D．财产的所有、占有和使用 3. “光华寮案”涉及中国的 A．条约继承 B．财产继承 C. 债务继承 D．在国际组织的代表权继承 4. 外国人可享有国民待遇的权利是 A．诉权 B．选举权 C．担任公务员的劳动权 D．参军入伍的权利 5．我国对外国人给予庇护的情况是 A．请求进入外国驻中国使领馆避难 B．因犯有破坏和平罪请求在中国居留 C．因政治原因请求进入中国驻外国使领馆避难 D. 因政治原因请求在中国境内避难 6．边境条约一般都赋予边境居民享有进出国境的特殊便利是 A．大宗货物买卖 B．探亲访友 C．执行公务 D. 观光旅游 7．与海岸相邻或相向国家大陆架主张重叠时，中国坚持的划界原则是 A．200海里原则 B. 中间线原则 C．等距离原则 D．公平原则 8．对用于国际航行的海峡，若已有条约建立其通过制度，则适用 A．过境通行制度 B．无害通过制度 C．特殊公约制度 D．一般公约制度 9．作为国际民用航空组织之组织法的是 A.《巴黎航空公约》 B．《芝加哥公约》 C．《海牙公约》 D．《东京公约》 10. 外交团
英语四级阅读试题及答案详解1 Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts __1__ questions, and so on. For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of consciousness. At times, however, we become __2__ of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between __3__ and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our question of the text continues at the unconscious level. Different people __4__ with the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page, others take off imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of comprehension which is __5__ in the text. The latter represents __6__ levels of comprehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers. There is another conversation which from our point of view is __7__ important, and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a “process” conversation as __8__ to a “content” conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the __9__ we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability to hold a
导读：1.善意履行国际义务的依据是，A.善意原则B.国际道义C.条约必须遵守D.主权平等[C]，7.依据《国际民用航空公约》的相关规定，8.根据1969年修订的1954年《国际防止海上油污公约）的规定，9.国际法调整的对象主要是A，A.国家之间的关系B.国家与国际组织之间的关系，C.国际组织之间的关系D.国家与其他国际法主体之间的关系，10.被称为“外层空间宪章”的国际条约是A，12.国际法效力的根 一、单项选择题 1.善意履行国际义务的依据是 A.善意原则 B.国际道义 C.条约必须遵守 D.主权平等[C] 2.国家对其领域内的一切人和物以及所发生的事件有权行使管辖，这种管辖被称为 A.领域管辖 B.国籍管辖 C.保护性管辖 D.普遍管辖[A] 3.1907年，厄瓜多尔的外长提出以宪法程序为承认新政府的条件，这被称为B A.有效统治原则 B.托巴主义 C.威尔逊主义 D.艾斯特拉达主义 4.《南极条约》规定，缔约国此前对南极地区提出的领土要求应予C A.确认 B.放弃 C.冻结 D.重申 5.空间物体发射国应将其发射的物体报告给C A.联合国外空委员会 B.联合国经济及社会理事会 C.联合国秘书长 D.联合国安全理事会 6.在我国，外交代表开始执行职务的日期为B A.外交代表到达接受国的日期 B.外交代表正式呈递国书的日期 C.外交代表经接受国同意的日期 D.外交代表经派遣国正式任命日期 7.依据《国际民用航空公约》的相关规定，外国航空器在一国领空B A.享有无害通过权 B.不享有无害通过权 C.享有“两项自由” D.享有“五项自由” 8.根据1969年修订的1954年《国际防止海上油污公约）的规定，禁排区是D A.距海岸50海里以内海域 B.距海岸100海里以内海域 C.距海岸150海里以内海域 D.所有海域 9.国际法调整的对象主要是A
As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body. Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact ,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health. The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it. 1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____. a.they do not know how to enjoy themselves b.they do not believe that relaxation is important for health c.they are travelling fast all the time d.they are becoming busier with their work 2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________. a.not fearing stress b.knowing the art of relaxation c.high sense of responsibility d.having control over performance 3.Which of the follwing statements is ture? a.We can find some ways to avoid stress b.Stress is always harmful to people
国际公法历年试题 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
一、单项选择题（请将选择的正确答案填入括弧内，每题2分，共20分） 1.依国际条约规定，向所有国家商船开放的河流称（D）。 A.国际运河 B.界河 C.多国河流 D.国际河流 2.联合国维持世界和平与安全首要的机关是（D）。 A.联合国大会 B.国际法院 C.托管理事会 D.安理会 3.根据《外层空间条约》和《月球协定》等文件的规定，各国可以（C）。 A.将月球据为已有 B.在月球进行战争 C.自由探索和利用外空和天体 D.先占天体 4.重于空气的飞机载人飞行成功是在（A）。 A.1903年 B.1783年 C.1918年 D.1957年 5.各国军舰在公海上可命令从事海盗行为的嫌疑船停船而对其实行（A）。 A.登临检查 B.武力攻击 C.紧追 D.诉讼 6·国际上规定废弃将战争作为实行国家政策的工具的第一个公约是（B）。 A·1907年海牙和平公约B.1928年《巴黎非战公约》C·1971年《蒙特利尔公约》D.1968年日内瓦公约 7·联合国大会1948年通过的全面保护个人基本权利的文件是（B）。 A·《经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》B.《世界人权宣言》C.禁止和惩治灭绝种族罪公约D.禁止和惩治种族隔离罪公约 8.条约的缔结程序之一是（A）。 A·认证条约约文B.保留C·修正D.终止实施 9.确定现代国际法基本原则的基本文件是（A）。 A.《联合国宪章》 B.万隆会议最后文件C·1970年《国际法原则宣言》D.《给予殖民地人民独立宣言》 10.各国在大陆架上有（B）。 A·建造人工岛屿的自由B.铺设海底电缆和管道的自由C开发资源自由D.建立法律之自由 二、多项选择题（请将选择的正确答案填入括弧内，多选少选均不得分，每个2分，共10分） 1.确立外国人待遇的原则有（ACD）。
大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之一（含答案） There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed. The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase. Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action. 1.Our long-term goals mean a lot______. A.if we complete our short-range goals B.if we cannot reach solid short-term goals C.if we write down the dates D.if we put forward some plans 2.New short-term goals are bulid upon______. A.two years B.long-term goals C.current activities D.the goals that have been completed 3.When we complete each step of our goals ,______. A.we will win final success B.we are overwhelmed C.we should build up confidence of success D.we should strong desire for setting new goals 4.Once our goals are drawn up,_______. A.we should stick to them until we complete them B.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunities C.we had better wait for the exciting news of success D.we have made great decision 5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ______. A.those who habe long-term goals will succeed B.writing down the dates may discourage you C.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desination D.every should have a goal 答案：adcbc 大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之二（含答案） The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950’s, may be
1.联合国大会对于联合国组织内部事务通过的决议对于会员国具有拘束力；对 于其他一般事项作出的决议属于建议性质，不具有法律拘束力。 2.联合国大会表决实行会员国一国一票制。 3.对于一般问题的决议采取简单多数通过；对于重要问题决议采取2/3多数通 过。实践中也常常采取协商一致方法通过决议。上述重要问题包括：与维持国际和平与安全相关的建议，安全理事会、经社理事会和托管理事会中需经选举的理事国的选举；新会员国接纳；会员国权利中止或开除会籍；实施托管的问题；联合国预算及会员国应缴费用的分摊等。 4.联合国大会由全体会员国组成，具有广泛的职权，可以讨论宪章范围内或联 合国任何机关的任何问题，但安理会正在审议的除外。 5.《引渡法》第十条规定，请求国的引渡请求应当向中华人民共和国外交部提 出。 6.《引渡法》第十五条规定，在没有引渡条约的情况下，请求国应当作出互惠 的承诺。 7.《引渡法》第十六条规定，外交部收到请求国提出的引渡请求后，应当对引 渡请求书及其所附文件、材料是否符合本法第二章第二节和引渡条约的规定进行审查。最高人民法院指定的高级人民法院对请求国提出的引渡请求是否符合本法和引渡条约关于引渡条件等规定进行审查并作出裁定。最高人民法院对高级人民法院作出的裁定进行复核。 8.根据转引渡需经原引出国同意原则，如果引渡国打算将被引渡人转引给第三 国，则一般应经原引出国的同意。 9.国际法上的承认一般是指既存国家对于新国家、新政府或其他事态的出现，
以一定的方式表示接受或同时表明愿意与其发展正常关系的单方面行为。国际法中并没有对承认的形式作出明确规定，国际实践中有明示和默示两种：（1）明示承认形式是指承认者以明白的语言文字直接表达承认的意思。包括通过正式通知、函电、照会、声明等方面表述，也包括在缔结的条约或其他正式国际文件中进行明确表述。（2）默示承认形式是指承认者不是通过明白的语言文字，而是通过与承认对象有关的行为表现出承认的意思。主要包括：与承认对象建立正式外交关系；与承认对象缔结正式的政治性条约；正式接受领事或正式投票支持参加政府间国际组织的行为一般也被认为是一种默示承认。但是，除非明确表示，下列行为一般不认为构成默示承认：共同参加多边国际会议或国际条约；建立非官方或非完全外交性质的某种机构；某些级别和范围的官员接触；对于外国的某个地区或实体给予某类司法豁免权的安排等。 10.条约继承的实质是在领土发生变更时，被继承国的条约对于继承国是否继续 有效的问题。一般地，与领土有关的“非人身性条约”，如有关领土边界、河流交通、水利灌溉等条约，属于继承的范围；而与国际法主体人格有关的所谓“人身性条约”以及政治性条约，如和平友好、同盟互助、共同防御等条约，一般不予继承。但这并不排除有关国家达成协议或根据《条约法公约》的规定来决定或解决条约的继承问题。 11.联合国会员国缔结的条约应当在联合国秘书处登记，否则联合国机构不得援 引，不登记不影响效力。 12.安理会表决采取每一理事国一票。对于程序事项决议的表决采取9个同意票即 可通过。对于非程序事项或称实质性事项的决议表决，要求包括全体常任理
2002-2012国际法司考真题 D.甲公司申请认可该判决的，应当在判决效力确定后；【答案】A；【考点】人民法院认可台湾地区有关法院民事判决的规；【解析】选项A正确；选项B错误；选项C错误；选项D错误；38.《涉外民事关系法律适用法》规定：结婚条件，；A.单边冲突规范；B.重叠适用的冲突规范；C.无条件选择适用的冲突规范；D.有条件选择适用的冲突规范；【答案】D；【考点】冲突规范的分类；【解 D.甲公司申请认可该判决的，应当在判决效力确定后1年内提出 【答案】A 【考点】人民法院认可台湾地区有关法院民事判决的规定 【解析】选项A正确。《最高人民法院关于人民法院认可台湾地区有关法院民事判决的补充规定》第三条规定，申请人向两个以上有管辖权的中级人民法院申请认可的，由最先立案的中级人民法院管辖。 选项B错误。经人民法院认可的判决书，其法律效力等同于人民法院的生效判决。 选项C错误。《民事诉讼法》第九十二条第二款规定，人民法院采取财产保全措施，可以责令申请人提供担保；申请人不提供担保的，驳回申请。据此可知，人民法院要求申请人提供担保的，申请人必须提供担保，不提供的，人民法院驳回其申请。 选项D错误。《最高人民法院关于人民法院认可台湾地区有关法院民事判决的补充规定》第九条第二款规定，申请认可台湾地区有关法院民事判决的，应当在该判决效力确定后二年内提出。 38.《涉外民事关系法律适用法》规定：结婚条件，适用当事人共同经常居所地法律；没有共同经常居所地的，适用共同国籍国法律；没有共同国籍，在一方当事人经常居地或者国籍国缔结婚姻的，适用婚姻缔结地法律。该规定属于下列哪一种冲突规范？（）（2011年卷一单选第38题）
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案（四）十六 Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , fortunately,the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of obergrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseaed or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but itis a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the desease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurs and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts yu make will bleed. If this does happen,it is, of course,impossible to paint them properly. 1.Pruning should be done to ______. a.make the tree grow taller