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英语中介词的用法以及动词的用法

英语中介词的用法以及动词的用法
英语中介词的用法以及动词的用法

英语中介词的用法

⑴时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别:

表示时间时,in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后),on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等,at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间;

表示地点时,in表示在某个范围之内,on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触,at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。如:He was born on the morning of May 10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)/ I usually get up at 7:00 in the morning.(我通常在早上的七点钟起床)/ His glasses are right on his nose.(他的眼镜就架在他的鼻子上)/ He is at the cinema at the moment.(此刻他正在电影院)

⑵ after与in表示时间的用法区别:“after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在…时刻之后”常用于一般时态;“in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于将来时态。如:He said that he would be here after 6:00.(他说他六点钟之后会来这儿)/ My father is coming back from England in about a month.(我父亲大约一个月以后从英国回来)

⑶ since与for表示时间的用法区别:“since+(具体时刻/that-从句)”表示“自从…起一直到现在”,“for +(一段斶间)”表示“总共有…之久”,都常用于完成时态;如:Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.(李叔叔自从1970年起就在这家工厂工作了)/ Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. (李叔叔在这家工厂已经工作了30多年)

⑷ by、in与with表示方式的用法区别:都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by 主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以……方式”,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者;in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。如:We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我们用眼睛看东西,用双脚走路)/ Please write that article(文章)in English.(请你用英语写那篇文章)/ Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.(我们打的去动物园吧。)/ It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍写的)

⑸ about与on的用法区别:都可以表示“有关…”,但是about的意义比较广,而on主要表示“有关…(专题/课程)”。如:Tom is going to give a talk on the history of America.(汤姆要作一个美国历史的报告)/ They are very excited talking about the coming field trip.(他们兴致勃勃地谈论着即将来到的野外旅游)

⑹through与across、over的用法区别:through指“穿过…(门洞/人群/树林)”;across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”,可互换,但是表示“翻过…”时只能用over. 如:Just then a rat (鼠)ran across the road.(就在那时一只老鼠跑过路面)/ There is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座桥)/ They climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.(他们翻过大山提前到达了那里)/ The visitors went through a big gate into another park.(参观者们穿过一个大门来到另一个公园)

(7)as与like的区别:两个词都表示“像……”,但是as译为“作为……”,表示的是职业、职务、作用等事实,而like译为“像……一样”,表示外表,不是事实。如:Let me speak to you as a father.(我以父亲的身份和你讲话。)(说话者是听者的父亲)/ Let me speak to you like a father.(让我像一位父亲一样和你讲话)(说话者不是听者的父亲)

(8)at the end of、by the end of、to the end、in the end的用法区别:at the end of…既可以表示时间也可以表示地点,译为“在…末;在…尽头”,常与过去时连用;by the end of…只能表示时间,译为“在…前;到…为止”,常用于过去完成时;in the end与at last基本等义,表示“终于、最后”,通常用于过去时;to the end译为“到…的终点为止”,前面往往有表示运动或连续性的动词。如:By the end of last term we had learned 16 units of Book III.(到上学期期末我们已经学习了第三册16个单元)/ At the end of the road you can find a big white house with brown windows.(在路的尽头你能找到一幢有棕色窗户的白房子)/ They left for Beijing at the end of last week.(上周末他们动身去了北京)/ In the end he succeeded in the final exams.(他最终在期末考试中考及格了)/ We should go on with the work to the end.(我们应该把工作干到底)/ Follow this road to the end and you will see a post office.(沿这条路走到底就能看见一家邮电局)

(9)for a moment、for the moment、in a moment、at the moment的区别:for a moment“一会儿、片刻”(=for a while),常与持续性动词连用;for the moment“暂时、目前”,常用于现在时;in a moment“一会儿、立即、马上”(=soon; in a few minutes),一般用于将来时;at the moment“此刻,眼下”(=now),用于现在进行时。如:Please wait for a moment.(请稍等)/ Let’s leave things as they are for the moment.(暂时就维持现状吧!)/ I’ll come back in a moment.(我过会儿回来)/ I am very busy at the moment.(眼下我很忙)

(10)but的问题:用介词but引出另一个动词时,要注意:如果前面有do,后面就用原形动词,前面没有do时,后面的动词要加to。如:I could do nothing but wait.(我什么也做不了只能等)/ They had no choice(选择)but to fight.(他们没有选择只有战斗)

(11)in front of 与in the front of:in front of“在…的前面”,与in the front of“在…的前部”。如:A car was parking in front of the hall.(大厅跟前停着一辆汽车)/ In the front of the hall stood a big desk.(大厅前部立着一个大讲台)(12)except (for)与besides的区别:except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含;而besides“除了”则表示包含,即“不仅……又……”。如:Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Tom.(除了Tom,大家都去了故宫博物院)(Tom 没有去故宫)/ Besides Chinese he also studied many other subjects.(除了汉语之外,他还学其他许多功课)(“汉语”也是他学的功课之一)

other than 除了......之外...... There 're nobody here other than me 与.....不同..... 与.....不同方式.....we can't get there other than by swimming.

Apart from : with the exception of ...; besides... Apart form a few scratches,the car was undamaged

动词用法

一、常跟动名词做宾语的动词。

结构:动词+doing

admit,stand(忍受,容忍),appreciate,avoid,complete,consider,enjoy,escape,excuse(原谅),fancy(imagine),finish,forgive,keep(continue),mind,miss(错过),pardon,practice,prevent,risk,suggest,advise,allow,permit,acknowledge,require,tolerate(容忍,忍受),favor(喜欢),involve,guarantee,approve(同意),encourage,ban(禁止),predict 其中advise,allow,permit后提到相关人,用to do此时不定式做宾补。

二、常跟不定式做宾语的动词。

结构:动词+ to do sth

agree,refuse,offer,promise,choose,decide,determine,attempt,intend,manage,fail,ask,hope,want,expect,long,wish,seek,plan,prepare,learn,mean,volunteer,pretend,dare,afford,beg,demand,dislike,fear

三、常跟不定式做宾补的动词。

结构:动词+sb/sth+to do sth

admit(承认),advise(建议),allow(允许),ask(请求),beg(请求),bribe(行贿),cause(导致),compel(迫使),command(命令),encourage(鼓励),expect(期望),forbid(禁止),force(迫使),get(使得),hate(憎恨),help(帮助),implore(恳求),induce(劝说),instruct (吩咐),invite(邀请),like(喜欢),oblige(强迫),order(命令),permit(允许),persuade(说服),remind(提醒),report(报告),request (要求),show(表现),teach(教),tell(告诉),tempt(诱惑),urge (敦促),want(想要),warn(警告),wish(希望)

例:He advised me to buy a computer. 他建议我买台电脑。

We expected him to arrive in time. 我们希望他及时到。

I usually help Mum do the housework on Saturdays. 星期六,我通常帮助妈妈做家务。

Please tell her not to make so much noise. 请告诉她别弄出那么多的响声。

四、跟不带to的动词不定式做宾补的动词

使役动词let,make,have和感官动词see,hear,feel,smell,listen to,notice,watch以及find等,后接不带to的不定式作宾补。

五、既能跟动名词又能跟不定式做宾语的动词。

结构:动词+doing sth或动词+to do sth。

remember to do记得去做某事

remember doing记得做过某事

forget to do 忘记去做某事

forget doing 忘记做应做的事

stop to do 停下来去做某事

stop doing 停止做某事

try to do 努力做某事

try doing 试着去做某事

regret to do 对要做的事表示遗憾

regret doing 对已做过的事表示遗憾

mean to do 打算去做某事

mean doing 意味着做某事或意思是做某事

can't help doing 禁不住……

can't help to do不能帮助干……

go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事

go on doing 继续不停地做某事,指同一动作的继续

leave off to do 离开某地去干什么(目的状语)

leave off doing停下某事

六、感官动词的宾补

感官动词既可+不带to的动词不定式做宾补;也可+doing做宾补。这类动词有:see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,smell,taste,feel 。

+ do 表示动作的完整性,真实性;

+doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性

I saw him work in the garden yesterday.

昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)

I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)

昨天我见他正在花园里干活。

典型例题

1)They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.

A. grow

B. grew

C. was growing

D. to grow

答案:A。因题意为,他们看着她长大,因此强调的是成长的过程,而非正在长的动作,因此用see sb do sth 的句型。

2)The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.

A. playing

B. to be playing

C. play

D. to play

答案A. 本题强调其动作,正在河边玩,应此用see sb. doing sth句型。

有时hear等感官动词后加doing 表示正在听

动词的时态

一、一般现在时的用法

1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。

时间状语:every…,sometimes,at…,on Sunday。

例如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点

离开家。

2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:

The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。

3)表示格言或警句。例如:

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。

4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

例如:I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well.

安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。

比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。

I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。

第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。

二、一般过去时的用法

1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有:yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982等。

例如:Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?

2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。

例如:When I was a child,I often played football in the street.

我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went during their visit,they were given a warm welcome.

那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。

3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。

例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。

句型:It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ,

例如: It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。

句型:would (had)rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。

例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。

4)wish,wonder,think,hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。

例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。

比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)

Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.

(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.

(含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)

注意:用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。

1)动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend 等。例如:

Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗?

I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。

2)情态动词could,would。例如:

Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?

used to / be used to

used to + do:"过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。

例如:Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。

Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。

be used to + doing:对……已感到习惯,或"习惯于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。

例如:He is used to a vegetarian diet.

Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。

典型例题

---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.

---- It's 69568442.

A. didn't

B. couldn't

C. don't

D. can't

答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,

在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。

三、一般将来时的用法

1)shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。

例如:Which paragraph shall I read first?我先读哪一段呢?

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?

2)be going to +不定式,表示将来。

a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。

例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?

b. 计划,安排要发生的事。

例如:The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。

c. 有迹象要发生的事。

例如:Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm.

看那乌云,快要下雨了。

3)be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。

例如:We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

4)be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。

例如:He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。

注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow,next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

be going to / will 用于条件句时,be going to表将来,will表意愿。

例如:If you are going to make a journey,you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

如果你要去旅游,你最好一有可能就做好准备

Now if you will take off your clothes,we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

如果你脱下衣服,我们将在镜子前帮你穿上新衣服

be to和be going to

be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如:

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.

明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.

明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)

★一般现在时表将来时

1)下列动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.

汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。

2)以here,there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。

3)在时间或条件句中。例如:

When Bill comes (不是will come),ask him to wait for me.

比尔来后,让他等我。

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。

4)在动词hope,take care that,make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:

I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.

离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。

用现在进行时表示将来

下列动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等现在进行时

可以表示将来。例如:

I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?

四、现在完成时的用法

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成:have(has)+过去分词。

★比较一般过去时与现在完成时

1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现

在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。

2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语

连用,或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,last week,…ago,in1980,in October,just now等,皆为具体的时间状语。

现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in past years,always等,皆不确定的时间状语。

共同的时间状语:this morning,tonight,this April,now,already,recently,lately 等。

3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.。

一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,get married等。例如:

I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)

I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)

Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)

Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争)

He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)

He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)

注意:句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday,last,week,in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。

(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

用于现在完成时的句型

1)It is the first / second time … that… 结构中的从句部分,用现在

完成时。

例如:It is the first time that I have visited the city.

这是我第一次访问这城市。

This is the first time (that)I've heard him sing.

这是我第一次听他唱歌。

注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.

2)This is +形容词最高级+that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时。

例如:This is the best film that I've (ever)seen.

这是我看过的最好的电影。

典型例题

(1)---Do you know our town at all?

---No,this is the first time I ___ here.

A. was

B. have been

C. came

D. am coming

答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B。

(2)---Have you ____ been to our town before?

---No,it's the first time I ___ here.

A. even,come

B. even,have come

C. ever,come

D. ever,have come

答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时。

注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发

生的状态是可以持续的。

(错)I have received his letter for a month.

(对)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.

比较since和for

Since用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。

例如:I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我住在这儿二十多年了。(延续)

I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。(开始时间)

注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)

I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。)

注意:用句型转换的方法,很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。

1)(对)Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago,and is still studying it now.

2)(错)Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago,and is still getting married now.

显然,第二句不对,它应改为Harry got married six years ago. 或Harry has been married for six years.

since的四种用法

1)since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980,last month,half past six)。

例如:I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在这儿。

2)since +一段时间+ ago。

例如:I have been here since five months ago.

我在这儿,已经有五个月了。

3)since +从句。例如:

Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后,变化可大了。

Great changes have taken place since we were here.

我们走后,变化可大了。

4)It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如:

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.

我考上研究生有两年了。

延续动词与瞬间动词

1)用于完成时的区别

延续动词表示经验、经历;瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如:

He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。(表结果)

I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)

2)用于till / until从句的差异

延续动词用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:

He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。

He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。

典型例题

1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.

A. had met

B. have met

C. met

D. meet

答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。

再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。

2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.

---Oh,not at all. I ___here only a few minutes.

A. have been

B. had been

C. was

D. will be

答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。

五、过去完成时

1)概念:表示过去的过去

----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。

那时以前那时现在

2)用法

a. 在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如:

She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。

b. 状语从句

在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。例如:

When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.

警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。

c. 表示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose

等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:

We had hoped that you would come,but you didn't.

那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。

3)过去完成时的时间状语before,by,until,when,after,once,as soon as。

例如:

He said that he had learned some English before.

他说过他以前学过一些英语。

By the time he was twelve,Edison had began to make a living by himself.

到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生。

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived

at the party.

汤姆失望了,因为他到达晚会时,大部分客人已经走了。

典型例题:

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the

office.

A. had written,left B,were writing,has left C. had written,had left

D. were writing,had left

答案D.

"把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前,因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。

注意:had hardly… when还没等…… 就……。例如:

I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me.

我刚打开门,他就打了我。

had no sooner…than刚…… 就……。例如:

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.

他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。

★用一般过去时代替过去完成时

1)两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,

多用一般过去时。例如:

When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。

My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。

2 )两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,

用过去完成时。例如:

When I heard the news,I was very excited. 我听到这个消息后,很兴奋。

3)叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。例如:

Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.

老师告诉我们,哥伦比亚在1492年发现美州。

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中考英语动词分类及训练

中考英语动词分类及训练(总 6页) -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1 -CAL-本页仅作为文档封面,使用请直接删除

动词专项复习 一、动词的分类 1. 实义动词 实义动词时能独立作谓语的动词。根据动词在句子中是否可以接宾语,可以把实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两种类型。按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。 (1)及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 ①动词+宾语 My brother is flying the kite on the playground. ②动词+宾语+宾补 The teacher made his students happy by doing some games. We call the bird Polly. 注意:省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make, let,have, see, watch, notice, hear等。 ③动词+双宾语 My mother gives me a new bike. 注意:有些双宾语动词间接宾语(人)放在直接宾语(事物)后时,间接宾语前要加to。常用的此类词有bring、give、hand、 pass、pay、post、return、sell、show、teach、tell、throw、lend等。 Hand me that book, please. = Hand that book to me, please. 有些双宾语动词间接宾语(人)放在直接宾语(事物)后时,间接宾语前要加for。常用的此类词有buy、choose、cook、draw、book、find、get、make、order等。 My mom bought me a nice backpack. = My mom bought a nice backpack for me. (2)不及物动词 不及物动词一般不可以接宾语,但是有些不及物动词与一些介词、副词等词搭配在一起构成短语动词,它的作用等于一个及物动词。 We arrived at the station at five. He turned off the light when he left. He takes pride in doing a job well. 注意:有些动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。常用的此类动词有open、close、 start、change、drive、play、meet、win、study等。

颜色词在英语中的妙用

颜色词在英语中的妙用 我们都知道,颜色词除表示其具体实际的色彩外,还可以用来表示姓名,如:White(怀特)、Green(格林)、Brown(布朗)、Black(布莱克)等等。其实这些词的用法远远不止这些。英语中与颜色词在一起组成的复合词或带有颜色词的习语有出乎意料的妙用。不同的国家有不同的文化风俗习惯,因而习语就有不同的涵义。如“a white day”,可译为“白色的日子”,在中国,白色表示不吉利;而在英国,白色往往表示“纯真”、“吉祥”、“幸福”、“崇高”之意, “a white day” 意为“吉日”或“喜庆的日子”。因此,在英语学习和教学中掌握它们的用法,对提高阅读和翻译能力大有帮助。下面就各种常用的颜色词分别举例略作说明。 Red 1. The president was treated to the red-carpet in Rome. 总统在罗马受到了隆重的接待。 2. It was a red-letter day in the history of Chinese revolution. 这是中国历史上值得纪念的日子。 3. When he started criticizing my work, I really saw red. 当他批评我的工作时,我就冒火发脾气。 4. They had to sell the firm because for years they had operated in the red. 因为经营这家公司几年来一直亏损,他们只好把它卖掉。 5. We’ll soon be out of the red. 我们很快扭亏为盈。

新初中英语语法知识—动词的分类汇编附解析

一、选择题 1.Tom and Jim __________ in Class 3. A.is B.be C.am D.are 2.— ________ your cousin and her friends like history? —Yes, they ________ it’s very interesting. A.Does; think B.Do ; think C.Do; thinks 3.My mother with me ________ at my grandma’s home ________that snowy night. A.were, at B.was, at C.was, on 4.My parents don’t_______me eat_______junk food. A.like; too many B.want; too much C.ask; too many D.let; too much 5.I tried to make the baby ________by singing, and that worked well at last. A.stop crying B.to stop crying C.stop to cry D.to stop to cry 6.—How much ________ this pair of shoes? —Five dollars. A.am B.is C.are D.be 7.—William, your hat _______ nice. —Thanks. A.buys B.looks C.finds 8.Which of the following sentences is right? A.My books on the desk B.Nice meet you, too C.These are my dictionaries D.Thanks you for your help. 9.—Hey, Jack. Do you want to go to the library? —That ________ great. I love reading. A.hears B.looks C.sounds D.listens 10.—The books on the table_________ Mike’s, r ight? —Yes, they are. A.am B.is C.are 11.This my sister and those my brothers. A.is, is B.are, are C.is, are 12.—________ Mary________ fruit? —Of course. A.Is; like B.Does; likes C.Does; like D.Do; likes 13.Karen and Helen _______ my brother's friends. I know _______. A.is; her B.are; them C.are; her D.is; them 14.— Tom in the library? —Yes,and his friends Eric and Dale in the library,too. A.Is;are B.Is;is C.Are;is 15.— When and where shall we meet? — Let's ________it half past nine.

英语一般疑问句用法总结

英语一般疑问句用法总结 1. 基本用法及结构 一般疑问句用于对某一情况提出疑问,通常可用yes和no来回答,读时用升调。其基本结构是“be / have / 助动词+主语+谓语(表语)”: Is he interested in going? 他有兴趣去吗? Have you ever been to Japan? 你到过日本吗? Does she often have colds? 她常常感冒吗? Did you ask her which to buy? 你问没问她该买哪一个? 2. 陈述句变一般疑问句的方法 (1) 动词be的否定式。动词be根据不同的时态和人称可以有am, is, are, was, were等不同形式,可用作连系动词(表示“是”、“在”等)和助动词(用于构成进行时态和被动语态等),但不管何种情况,构成疑问式时,一律将动词be的适当形式置于句首: Am I right? 我是对的吗? Are you feeling better today? 你今天感到好些了吗? Was he late for school? 他上学迟到了吗? (2) 动词have的疑问式。动词have根据不同的时态和人称可以有have, has, had等形式,可以用作实意动词和助动词,分以下情况讨论:

①用作实意动词表示状态,如表示拥有、患病或用于have to 表示“必须”等,在构成构成式时可以直接将have, has, had置于句首,也可根据情况在句首使用do, does, did: Does he have [Has he] anything to say? 他有什么话要说吗? Do you have [Have you] to leave so soon? 你必须这么早走吗? Did you have [Had you] any friends then? 他当时有朋友吗? ②用作实意动词表示动作,如表示“吃(=eat)”、“喝(=drin k)”、“拿(=take)”、“收到(=receive)”、“度过(=spend)”等,构成疑问式时不能将have提前至句首,而应在句首使用do, does, did: Does he have breakfast at home? 他在家吃早餐吗? Did you have a good time at the party? 你在晚会上玩得高兴吗? ③用作助动词构成完成时态,其疑问式总是将have等置于句首: Have you finished your work? 你的工作做完了吗? Has he left when you arrived? 你到达时他已离开了吗? (3) 情态动词的疑问式。情态动词的疑问式通常是将情态动词置于句首: Can you speak English? 你会说英语吗?

高考英语介词用法总结(完整)

高考英语介词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择介词 1.These comments came ______________ specific questions often asked by local newsmen. A.in memory of B.in response to C.in touch with D.in possession of 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】 考查介词短语辨析。句意:这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应。A. in memory of 纪念, B. in response to回应,C. in touch with联系,D. in possession of拥有。分析句子成分知道空格处为介词短语起连接状语的作用,根据常识和句意,评论应该是对问题的回应。所以答案应该是B. in response to回应。 【名师点睛】介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。本题考查的介词短语结构是介词+名词+介词的形式,本句另外还含有一个过去分词(asked by local newsmen)作定语的用法。 【详解】 请在此输入详解! 【点睛】 请在此输入点睛! 2.Bless your heart, I know you didn’t break the vase ________. Don’t cry! A.on purpose B.by accident C.on business D.by mistake 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查介词短语。句意:好了好了,我知道你不是故意打破花瓶的。别哭了!A.故意地;B.偶然;C.出差;D.错误地。根据Don’t cry!可知,打破花瓶不是故意的。故选A。 3.At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was _______. A.out of sight B.out of reach C.out of order D.out of place

初中英语语法复习:动词的分类

2010年中考英语汇总--动词的分类概念:表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 动词的分类 1.按照在句子中的功能,动词可分为四类:实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。 说明:某些情况下,有些动词既可做实义动词,又可做助动词,例如: We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。(having是实义动词。) He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。(has是助动词。) 2. 按照后面是否有宾语,分为两类:及物动词(vt)、不及物动词(vi)。 说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如: She can dance and sing.她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。) 3. 根据是否受主语的限制,分两类:限定动词、非限定动词。例如: She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings.) She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。) 说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式、动名词、分词。 在这里我们多说一下to+动词原型,和ing形式。英语不同于我们的汉语,不可以两个动词联用。如,我们汉语说,我喜欢吃苹果。其中“喜欢”和“吃”是两个动词,汉语这样说没有问题,如果翻译成英语,就变成了“I like eat apple.”这种说法按照英语的规定是不对的。那怎么办呢,于是就在两个动词之间多了一个“to”,或者把第二个词加上ing.于是就变成了“I like to eat apple.或者I like eatting apple”这样说来,动词是不是很简单啦! 4.根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类:单字词、短语动词、动词短语。例如: The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。) Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。(look up是短语动词。) The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。(take care of是动词短语。) 5.动词有五种形态:原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词。

英语动词分类大全.

英语动词分类大全(附练习) 一、什么是动词 动词是用来表示主语做什么(即行为动词),或表示主语是什么或怎么样(即状态动词)的词,例如: The boy runs fast.(这个男孩跑得快。)runs表示主语的行为He is a boy.(他是个男孩。)is与后面的表语a boy表示主语的状态 二、动词的分类 动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类,即行为动词(也称实义动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。(一)行为动词 行为动词(实义动词)是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整,可以单独作谓语。例如: I live in Beijing with my mother.(我和我妈妈住在北京。)live,住

It has a round face.(它有一张圆脸。)has,有 (二)连系动词 连系动词是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词,它虽有词义,但不完整,所以不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语,例如: We are in Grade Two this year.(今年我们在两年级。)are,是 are 这个词的词义“是”在句子中常常不译出。 连系动词可具体分为三类: 1、表示“是”的动词be。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式,is,am,are,was,were,have/has been 等要特别予以注意。例如: He is a teacher.(他是个教师。) He was a soldier two years ago.(两年前他是个士兵。) We are Chinese.(我们是中国人。) 2、表示“感觉”的词,如look(看起来),feel(觉得,摸起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来)等,例如: She looked tired.(她看一去很疲劳。) I feel ill.(我觉得不舒服。) Cotton feels soft.(棉花摸起来很软。) The story sounds interesting.(这个故事听起来很有趣。)

英语特殊疑问词的用法

who whom
what which whose what color What time when where why how how old how many how much how far how soon how long
意思 谁 谁
什么 哪一个 谁的 什么颜色 几点 什么时候 什么地方 为什么 怎样 多大几岁 多少 多少 多远 多久 多久
特殊疑问词的用法
用法
例句
问人的身份,姓 He is LiLie
Who is he
名等
He is my brother. Who is he
问人的身份,姓 I can ask him the question.
名等(问宾语) Whom can you ask the question

问人的职业或事 He is a worker. What is he
物是什么
He has a book. What does he have
问一定范围内特 The big box is mine. Which box is yours
指的人或物
The girl at the door is Ann. Which girl is Ann
问所属关系
This is her book. Whose book is this
This book is hers. Whose is this book
问颜色(表语) My skirt is red. What color is your skirt
问点时间
We play games at five in the afternoon
What time do you play games
问时间
We play games in the afternoon
When do you play games
问地点(状语) We play games at home on Sunday
Where do you play games on Sunday
问原因
He isn't at school today because he is ill.
Why isn't he at school today
问健康状况、 He is fine/strong. How is he
做事的方式等 I go home by bike. How do you go home
问年龄
He is ten.
How old is he
跟复数名词, There are thirty boys in my class.
问数量
How many boys are there in your class
跟不可数名词 There is some milk in the bottle.
问数量或价钱 How much milk is there in the bottle
问路程
It's five kilometers away from here
How far is it from here
问 in+一段时间 He can finish it in half an hour.
How soon can he finish it
问一段时间, He has lived here for a year.
问物体的长短 How long has he lived here
The desk is one meters long.
How long is the desk

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