高考英语语法分类归纳、练习与分析（精华版）一．Tenses and voices
A.现在完成时: 1)表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。往往含有“已经……”, “已经……了”的意思。Eg.Don’t think any more about it. I have decided not to help you.
I have experienced that before, so I know how to deal with it.
2) 到目前为止已发生的。与so far, up till now, in the past/ last …….days/ years, today, this month/ year 等“包括现在在内的时间状语”连用。
My brother is an actor. He has appeared in several films so far.
Great changes have taken place in this area in the recent years.
3）表示过去开始的动作或状态延续到现在。与for…/ since 连用。
He has worked in the south for ten years/ since ten years ago.
Compare(1):完成进行时表示过去开始的动作一直在进行，直至现在。
He has been working on this project since last month.
(2) 过去时态:指发生在过去某段时间内的事。
He once worked in the south for ten years (现在不在南方)
(3) 过去完成时态:指发生在过去某个时间以前的动作或状态。常与by/ by the
end of..(到了……的时候”连用。例如：
1）By the time we got to the theatre, they had sold all the tickets.
2）How many words had you leaned by the end of last year?
Practice:
1.It is reported that the pr esident once______ in the Viet Nam’s war for three years from 1966-1970. A. served B. had served C. has served D. was serving
2. ---No one answered when I called at 6 yesterday.
---I ________ to rock music and was absorbed in it.
A listened
B was listening C. has listened D. had listened
3.I wasn’t paying attention to what he was talking about, so I am afraid I ___ his speech very well.
A. had not understood
B. has not understood
C. did not understand
D. don’t understand
4. I _____ goo d at table tennis, but I haven’t played it for ages.
A. am
B. was
C. has been
D. used to be
5. I _________ where she gets her money all these days.
A. am often wondering
B. often wondered
C. had often wondered D．have often wondered
6. ---Tell me what _______ while I was absent.
---A thief tried to break into the house when I _______ in your house.
A. happened/ stayed
B. was happening/ was staying
C. happened/ was staying
D. was happening/ stayed
7. ---You are always watching TV.
---Only on Sundays. And nobody ______ it but you.
A. knows
B. has known
C. knew
D. is knowing
8. When the old man ______ to walk back to his house ,the sun _____ itself behind
the mountain.
A．started ;had already hidden B．had started ;had already hidden
C．had started ;was hiding D．was starting; hid
9. Years ago we didn't know this, but recent science ______ that people who don't
sleep well soon get ill. A. showed B. has shown C. will show
D. is showing
10. It ______ for weeks before the first cold wave struck the area.
A. rained
B. was raining
C. has rained
D. had been raining
Keys:1)a 2)b. 3)c 4)a 5) 过去到现在d 6) c 7)a(经常性) 8)a 9) b 与现在有联系10)d
二、Subjunctive Mood (虚拟语气)
1.It is important that he __________ the college entrance examination.
A. should attend
B. will attend
C. must attend
D. had to attend
8.Don’t come this morning. I would rather you________ the day after tomorrow.
A. come
B. came
C.are to come
D. will come
3._________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the film so often.
A.If it is not
B.Were it not
C. had it not been
D. If they were not
4.---Did you meet with the famous space hero YanLiwei?
---________ I had come here earlier!
A.But for
B.If not
C. For fear
D. If only
5.Without electricity human life __________ quite difficult today.
A.is
B.will be
C. would have been
D.would be
（分析：1.A虚拟语气的一种，句式It is necessary/strange/important that …should do2.B 3.C had it not been=if it not had been 4. D. If only= I wish 要是… 该多好啊
5.D）
三、非谓语：（to do/ doing / done）(By Yuan)
1.To do（to be done）/ doing / done 作状语的区别：
To do（to be done）：作目的状语，结果状语（特定句型）
Doing（being done, having done ）/done：作伴随、时间、原因、让步、结果状语等。
1)complete the task ahead of time, they kept working throughout the night.
2)The spy broke into the bank, only find two policemen waiting for him with a
gun.
3)He hurried back home, leave piles of work unfinished.
4)Defeat time and again, he still didn’t lose heart.
(分析：1)To/ In order to complete 目的2）only to find 后接to do 形式,表示一种未预料的结果3)leaving 结果4) Defeated让步）
2.To do（to be done）/ doing / done 作定语的区别：
To do（to be done）：多表示未完成的动作，和某些特定句型
doing ：（being done）：表示正在进行和经常性的动作
done ：被动,完成的动作和经常性的动作
1）The commander gave an order attack the enemy before dawn.
2）Who were the first people reach American continent.
3）People live in this area feed on rice.
4）Areas strike by a hurricane are usually in a mess before things return to normal.
(分析：1)to attack 未完成2）to reach特定句型first/ second等序数词之后3)living 主动经常性4) struck/ stricken被动、经常性）
3.To do／to be done 与to have done / to have been done: 后者表示动作发生在
主动词之前。
1)At the moment they are preparing for the concert hold in a fortnight time.
2)The novel is reported translate into German already.
3)He wished praise at the meeting held the day before.
4)I am glad____________(meet) you. I hope to see you soon.
(分析：1)to be held 2) to have been translated 3) to have been praised 4) to have met )
4.doing / being done / having done 与done
doing ：主动、进行或经常性的动作、状态being done：被动、进行或经常性having done：主动，完成于主动词之前
done：被动，完成的动作、或经常性的动作、状态
1）When heat , ice will turn into water.
2）While wander in the street, he came across an old friend of his.
3)The manager spoke at the conference, ___express his satisfaction with the project.
4)______wipe the table, the waitress asked the couple to be seated.
5)______raise geese for years, he became an expert at keeping geese.
6)The book _____ publish last month is on grammar.
7)The project _____ carry out these days is to be completed by the end of this year. (分析: 1) heated 2) wandering 3) expressing 4) Having wiped 5) Having raised 6)published 7) being carried out )
5. 下列动词后只能接动名词(-ing)：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, permit。
Practice (By Li & Que)
1．The party was successful, but we thought it a pity not __________ you.
A.to have invited
B. inviting
C.to invite
D. invited
2．-- If Mary doesn’t come to work on time, she may be fired.
--Surely she is not so foolish ___________ it.
A.as not to realize
B. not as to realize
C. that she didn’t realize
D.as not realizing
3．The picure ________ on the wall is painted by my brother.
A.having hung
B.hanging
C.hangs
D. being hung
4．I appreciate _____________ me during the debate.
A. of your supporting
B. you to support
C. your supporting
D. to your supporting
5．The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ___________ the film stars had gone.
A. tell
B. to be told
C. telling
D. told
6．I know what kind of boss he is, so I know what ___________ of him.
A. expcted
B. to expect
C. to be expecting
D. expects
7. __________ made all of them much disappointed.
A. Her not coming back
B. her not to come back
C. Not her returning
D. Not her being back
8．Mrs Smith warned her daughter ________________ after drinking.
A. never to drive
B. to never drive
C.never driving
D.never drive
9．The boy wanted to swim in the lake, but his mother told him _____________.
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not to do it
D. do not to
10．I regret __________ you that we are unable to offer you the job.
A. inform
B. having informed
C. to inform
D. informed
11．The flowers _________ sweet in the botanical garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt
D. to be smelt
12．Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases ___________ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known
B. having been known
C. to be known
D. known
13. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ____________ into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to pursue
B. persuading
C. being persuaded
D. be persuaded 14．Cleaning women in big cities usually get ________ by the hour.
A.pay
B.paying
C.paid
D.to pay
16.A number of new machines were installed in the factory, thus __________ an
increase in production. A. to result in B. results C.resulting in
D.resulted in
17.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when__________ at the meeting by my boss.
A.questioning
B.having questioned
C. questioned
D. to be questioned
18.__________, but he still couldn’t understand it.
A. He had been told many times
B. having been told many times
C. told many times
D. Although he had been told many times
19.___________ comfortably in her armchair, the old lady enjoyed light music on
the MP3 with her eyes half ________.
A.Seated; closed
B.Sat; closing
C. Seating; closed
D. sitting; close
20. ___________ made the student __________ interest in his study.
A. Being punished; to lose
B. Punished; lose
C. Being punished; lose
D. having been punished; lose
21.What worried the child most was ___________ to visit his mother in the hospital.
A. his not allowing
B. his not being allowed
C. his being not allowed
D. having not been allowed
22.All the managers agreed that the matter required _____________.
A. to look into
B. being looked into
C. to be looked into
D. looking into 23．I feel it is your husband who ____________ for the spoiled child.
A. is to blame
B. is going to blame
C. is to be blamed
D. should blame.
24．She had no choice but ___________ to the end.
A. fight
B. to fight
C. fighting
D. fought 25．Without facts, we can not form a worthwhile opinion, for we need factual knowledge _______ our thinking.
A.which to be based on
B. on which to base
C. which to base upon
D. to which to be based
(keys: 1.A 2.A动词不定式的否定not to do 3.B hang“挂”表状态时用主动
4.C
5.BOnly to do表令人失望的结果
6.B(expect sth of sb 期待某人…eg. Don’t expect too mach of her(不要对她期望过高)
7.A
8.A
9. A动词不定式的省略
10 C regret doing后悔做过…. regret to do对将做的事表示遗憾. 11.Bsmelling做定语12.D https://www.doczj.com/doc/7a5714292.html,an’t help doing/being done情不自禁做…14.C get done = be done 16.Cdoing表结果17.C 18.A注意but应连接句子19.A 20Cdoing的被动being done 做主语done 不能做主语21.B 22.D require/need/want doing=require/need to be done 23.A.句式sb/sth is to blame((主动表被动) 24.B25.B介词+which +to do(做定语)，相当于一个定语从句—which we base our thinking on
四、Model Verbs: 情态动词(By Wang Ping)
一.表示许可：有may, might, can, could。其中might. could则语气较委婉，
但回答由他们引起的问句时，则不用might, could而用can。
1) May \ Might \ Can \ Could I keep the book for a few days? Yes, you can.
否定形式可用may not, can not或must not，不用might not。
2)Visitors may not (或can not/mustn't) touch the button.
二、表示能力：can; be able to. be able to用于各种时态。在一般过去时中，若指“能够并且通过某种努力完成某桩事”，我们必须用be able to。
1) Cats can\ are able to climb trees very quickly.
2) A big fire broke out last night, but everyone was able to escape from the house.
三、表示“责任和义务”的情态动词有must(主观),have to(客观), mustn’t 表
示“不可以、不允许”，而have to否定形式：not have to/ needn't。
1) As there was no bus, we had to walk back home. (客观条件)
2) You mustn't shout like that to your parents. （不可以、不允许）
3) You don't have to\ needn’t work if you don't feel well.
四、用于推测：must, may, might, can, could . 但疑问句中只能用can, could.
1) He looks pale. He__________ be ill.
2) ---Who _____it be? It _____(not) be Mr. Smith, for he has just left for Paris.
---It ________be Mr. Brown, for he has something to discuss with me. 3) He said he didn't feel very well. He _____(not) come to the meeting this evening.
(1.must 2. can, can’t, must 3. may\might not)
▲注意: 表推测时must, should (ought to) , may, could , might 可能性依次递减。should, ought to “应该…”较多地用于预测将来的事。can表示理论上的可能性，用于泛指.may, could, might表示事实上的可能性，用于特指具体的，可能将要发生的事。
1) He should be back by now. 他现在该回来了。
2) The teacher has explained it several times. There ought to be no problem for them.
4) A dog can be dangerous to you 狗可能给人带来危险。（有这种可能性）
This dog is very clever. It may (或might/could) help you find your key.
这条狗非常聪明，他可能会帮助你找到钥匙。指具体的事有可能发生。
五、shall的用法：
1．用于第一、三人称，表示征求意见或请求指示.
2．用于第二、三人称，表示意志、允诺、命令、威胁、警告等。在法律、条约、协定等文件中，表示义务、规定等。
如：1) Shall he go with you? (请求指示)
2) You shall have a lot of money.= I shall give you a lot of money.(允诺)
3) Each citizen shall carry his identification card when traveling. (规定)
六“情态动词+动词完成式”
1. must／may / might + have done，对已发生行为的推测。
2.“ should + have done” “ ought to + have done”表示本来该做某事却未
做，否定式“shouldn’t + have done” “ oughtn’t to + have done”本来不该做而做了的事。
3．“ needn’t + have done”做了本来不必做的事，“本来不必”。
2) He looks happy. He _________ (not know) this bad news.
3) Where is my pen ? I _______________ (lose) it.
4) He was late for work. He____________ ( not catch) the first bus.
5) I didn’t see her in the meeting room. She_____________(not speak) at
the meeting.
6) She is two hours late. What__________________(happen) to her?
7) The plant is dead . I ____________(water) it from time to time.
8) Tom_____________ (not give away) the secret, but he meant no harm .
9) It was a five-minute walk from our school. You _________ (not come) by taxi.
(Keys: 2.can’t have known 3.may\might have lost 4. might not have caught 5. can’t /couldn’t have spoken 6. could\can have happened 7.should have watered 8. shouln’t have given away 9.needn’t have come)
▲注意: could/might＋have done:表示过去有可能发生，但实际没有发生.
1) You were crazy to climb up that tree. You could have killed yourself.
2) You might have made more progress, but you didn’t work hard.
七、must, can, may＋动词的进行式，表示对进行中的事进行推测。例如：1）They must be waiting anxiously now. 他们此刻一定在焦急地等待着。
2）Can they be working in the field now? 他们现在可能在地里劳动吗？八情态动词的反意疑问句:
1)He must be tired now, ___________?
2)He must have been tired last night after a day’s work, ____________?
3)He must have been to Hong Kong,___________?
keys: 1. isn’t he 2. wasn’t he 3. hasn’t he
Practice:
1.Sorry, I’m late. I ____________ have turned off the alarm clock and gone to sleep
again.
A. might
B. should
C. can
D. will
2. --- He didn’t pass his English exam.
--- So he ________ a good time during the Spring outing yesterday.
A. can’t have
B. shouldn’t have
C. mustn’t have had
D. couldn’t have had
3. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack ________ be here at any moment.
A. must
B. need
C. should
D. can
4. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _______ be so rude to a lady.
A. might
B. need
C. should
D. would
5. The boy must be in the classroom, _______ he?
A. mustn’t
B. doesn’t
C. hasn’t
D. isn’t
6. --- Could I borrow your dictionary?
--- Yes, of course you ________.
A. might
B. will
C. can
D. could
7. We wonder why Jim Green ______ say such things.
A. dared not to
B. doesn’t dare to
C. dares not to
D. not dares
8. I talked a long time, and in the end I _____ make him believe me.
A. could
B. was able to
C. may
D. might
Keys: ADCC(should表惊讶) DCBB
五、含有状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句的复合句(by Ms Jiang & Mr.Zhang) 用or, and, so, if 填空
1.One more week, _______ we will accomplish the task.(If we are given one more week, we will accomplish… )
2.Follow your doctor’s advice, ________ your cough will get worse.(If you follow your doctors advice, your…)
3.The WTO can not live up to its name ______it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.
归纳: 常用于表示并列的连词有：and, not only…but also, neither…nor, so, on one hand…on the other hand等连接两个并列分句表示两个同等概念(Keys: 1 and 2 or 3 if )
用but, and, so , when, since, while, as 填空
1.I do every single bit of housework _____ my husband Bob just does the dishes
now and then.
2.---I think George doesn’t really care for TV plays.
---Right, ______ he still watches the program.
3. What he said is strange, ________ yet it is true.
1. while
2. but
3. and
归纳：常用于表示转折的连词有：but, still, however, and yet, while, when等。连接两个意义相反的并列分句，表示转折。这些次的用法区别是：but连接并列分句，不用逗号搁开，注意不能将although(though)与but 同时使用；however常用于句首、句中，用逗号搁开；yet构成and yet, 等。如：
It’s raining hard;___________, I still want to go.(However)
What the young man said sounds strange, and yet it is true.
用before, when, while, after 填空
1.You must strike ________ the iron is hot.
2.Since _________ have you been working here?
3.Mary was having dinner _________ I saw her.
4.I will look after your pet __________ you are away.
5.Several weeks had gone by ___________ I realized the painting was missing.
6.It won’t be long _____________ I come back.
8.She had gone away _________ I said goodbye to him.
(1.while 2.when 3.when 4. while 5. before 6.before 8. before)
归纳：几个词在表示时间时，when既可以表示瞬间动作，也可以和延续性动词连用；while 则强调动作的延续，翻译成“在…过程中”；before 指“在…之前”，有较灵活译法，或翻译成“没来得及…..就…..”.
定语从句掌握定语从句的关键：弄清关系词在定语从句中的语法功能1．When, why, where为关系副词，在定语从句中状语。
2．Who, who, that, which为关系代词，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
1）We’ll never forget the date _________ the People’s Republic of China was founded.
2）October 1st1949 is the date___________ we’ll never forget.
3）Did he tell you the reason _________ he didn’t come to your birthday party?
4）Now we understand the reason _________ he tried to explain to us last time. 5）This is the room __________ Chairman Mao once lived.
5）This is the museum ____________ we paid a visit to ten years ago.
The keys:1) when 2) which/that 3) why 4) that/which 5) where 6) which/that
名词性从句
1 考查it作形式宾语的句型
I hate _________ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. these D. them
( A .it代替后面的由when引起的宾语从句)
2名词性从句和让步状语从句的区别
Sarah hopes to become a friend of _________ shares her interests.
A. anyone
B. whomever
C. whoever D no matter who
(Key: C. “whoever shares her interests” 作of 的宾语从句，Whomever不作主语，而no matter who 只引导让步状语从句。)
1)Eat _______ cake you like and leave the others for ________ comes in late.
A. any; who
B. every; whoever
C. whichever; whoever
D. either; whoever
2)He won’t be accepted _____________ he works. (不管有多努力）
( 1).C 2) no matter how/however )
3 what, that 在名词性从句中的区别：that在名词性从句中不作成分，而what 作成分。
1)A modern city has been set up in _________ was a wasteland ten years ago.
2)_____________fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences form one aspect.
key: 1) what. what was a wasteland ten years ago作in 的宾语从句, what作从句的主语；
2) That. 句中”fashion differs from country to country”已独立成句，不再需要其
他句子成分，故用That。
1）After _________ seemed half an hour, the teacher gave us the correct answer. 2）_______ we can’t get seems better than ________ we have.
3）The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _______ I thought was
a dangerous speed. (以上几个空格都填what)
4 考查what, which, who(m),whose与whatever, whichever , who(m)ever, whosever两类连接代词的区别。
1)---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
---Oh, that’s__________.
A. what makes me feel excited
B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it
D. when I feel excited
3)It was a matter of _________ would take the position.
A. who
B. whoever
C. whom
D. whomever
1)题中谈论的“昨天的比赛”是“一件事情”，而非“无论何事（whatever）”,因此正确答案为what相当于the thing that。
2）本题表达的含义为：这是一个由谁担当此任的问题, 指代一件事情。句中介词of后的从句仍然具有疑问意义，由此可排除B,D；又因从句缺少主语，故A 为
正确答案); 又如:
___________has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. (不管是谁，任何……的人)
(填Whoever/Anyone who ,所填部分指人. )
六、Inversion (倒装句) (By Qian Ying)
1. Next door to us ______.
A. lied a doctor
B. lived a doctor
C. a doctor lived
D. did a doctor live
2._____ as soon as the bell rang.
A. Out the children rushed
B. Out did the children rush
C. Rushed out the children
D. Out rushed the children
3._____ are the days when teachers were looked down upon.
A. Gone
B. Go
C. To go
D. Going
4.Hardly _____ the airport _____ he started for Wuhan.
A. I had reached; when
B. had I reached; than
C. had I reached; when
D. had I reached to; than
5._____ he might, Tom couldn’t get out of the trouble.
A. Try as
B. Tired as
C. Though try
D. as try
（keys: 1.b 2. d (全部倒装) 3. a (表语提前倒装) 4. c 5.a(是Although he tried 的倒装）
句型
Fill in each blank with one of the following.
( A. when B. before C. since D. that E. until )
1. It will not be long _________ we know the result of the experiment.
2. It was a week ________ he came to himself and told what had happened to him.
3. It is a long time ________ we came to this old city.
4. It was not until a Saturday afternoon in May ______ Mike could arrange for me to meet his elder sister.
5. It was very late ______ they came out of the hall.
6. Let’s wait _______ the rain stops.
7. I’ll take no steps _______ you arrive.
8. It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you came form or what you are.
A. one
B. that
C. what
D. it
用(A. if B. but C. and D. or)填空
9.Give blood if you can _______ many lives will be saved.
10. One more week, _______ we will accomplish the task.
11. Hurry _____ you won’t make the train.
12. ____ you turn left, you can find the hospital.
用( A. what B. how)填空
13. _____ terrible weather we’ve had these days!
14.______ terrible the weather has been these days!
(keys: 1—7 bbcdaeb 8. b (强调句,强调主语) 9 —12 c c d a 13—14 ab
七、省略
1. ---What do you think made Mary so upset? --- ________ her new bicycle.
A. As she lost
B. Lost
C. Losing
D. Because of losing
2. ---Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?
---__________ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.
A. Get
B. Getting
C. To get
D. To be get
3. --- You should have thanked her before you left.
--- I meant ______, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.
A. to do
B. to
C. doing
D. doing so
4. --- Are you on holiday? --- No, but I’d like _______.
A. to
B. be
C. to be
D. /
5. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and ________.
A. the other is white
B. another white
C. the other white
D. another is white
6. If you go to the Palace Museum, you’ll find the palaces more magnificent than commonly ____.
A. supposing
B. supposed
C. to suppose
D. suppose
7. _________, he can’t educate his own child well.
A. Though a teacher
B. A teacher as he is
C. Being a teacher
D. As he is a teacher
(keys:1—4 ccbc (如果省略的不定式结构中有be, have或have been,一般要保留)
5.c
6. b
7.a (省略了he is)
八、Articles（冠词）(By Sun Kejia)
冠词用于名词泛指：( 下列句子中名词都是泛指，注意名词前冠词的使用) A. .可数名词前
1．_______ horse is a grass-eating animal. → ______（horses）Horses are grass-eating animals.
2. Who invented _____electric light?
3. _____ train is used to carry ___passengers or goods.
B: 不可数名词前____ gold/ Gold is a rare metal
Keys:1. The/ A horse; →不加冠词，Horses 2. the electric light (不可用an) 3. The/ A train
B. 不加冠词，Gold 想一想，为什么？
1.It is ________ world of wonders, ___________ world where we can find anything changed.
A.the; a
B./; /
C.a; a
D.a; the
2.While playing football, the boy was badly hit in _____________ leg.
A.one
B.the
C.his
D.a
3.I had only _________ slight temperature, but my mother regarded the illness as serious enough for _________ hospital treatment. A. a; / B. the; the C./; / D.a; the
4.Ms Jane is quite satisfied with the job now for which she is paid _________.
A.by an hour
B.by hour
C.by hours
D.by the hour
5.In face of ___________ failure, the most important is to keep up _________ good state of mind.
A./; the
B./; a
C.a; /
D.the; /
6.A large sum of money has been raised for the _________ of the poorly-educated children in the mountainous areas. A.favor B.benefit C.profit D.advantage
7.Li Hong’s home is far away from here indeed. It’s ___________ ride.
A.a five hour
B.a five hour’s
C.a five-hour
D.a five hours’
8.Recently CCTV has taken great pains to make a program that reviews the important
___ of 2004. A .affairs B.events C.matters D.things
9.It is estimated that Shanghai is _______________.
A three times the size of Wuxi
B three.times as larger as Wuxi
C.the size of Wuxi’s three times
D.as three times large as Wuxi.
10.Everyone fails now and then. It is how you react that makes a __________ in life.
A.development
B.difference
C.progress
D.point
Keys:1—5 C B A D B 6—10 B C B A B
九、adj. and adv. （形容词和副词）(by WangPing)
多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序：（最说明所修饰的名词本质的形容词靠得最近）限定词--数词--描绘词（大小、长短、高低、形状、新旧、颜色）--(国籍、地区)出处--(材料、性质、类别) + n.
a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt
a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car
A.Practice:
1. He is not _____ as any of us, but he is brave enough.
A. so a good player
B. so good a player
C. a player so good
D. a so good player
2. The lecture was so ______ that all the people in the hall felt __________.
A. boring, boring
B. boring, bored
C. bored, bored
D. bored, boring
3. I’ve got ________ work to do on a ____________ cold day.
A.much too, much too
B. too much, too much
C. too much, much too
D. much too, too much
4. He would like to sleep with the window _____ at night.
A. open wide
B. open widely
C. wide open
D. widely opened
5. American eat _______ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
A. more than twice
B. as twice as many
C. twice as many as
D. more than twice as many
6. One day they crossed the ________ bridge behind the palace.
A. old Chinese stone
B. Chinese old stone
C. old stone Chinese
D. Chinese stone old
7. China is a large country which is getting more and more ____________(developed/developing).
Keys: 1-6 BBCC D A 7 developed
十、Prepositions & Pronouns 介词与代词(By Wang Ying)
1.The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing
things,
_______is often the case in other countries.
A. so B what C. as D. that
2. ---- How is _______ going at work these days? Still enjoying it?
---- Well, just fine. A. anything B. it C. that D. something
3._________ my teacher’s help, I couldn’t have made much progress.
A. Owing to
B. Thanks to
C. But for
D. As to
4.If you can talk the young man __________ playing computer games at night, he
will surely do better in his studies. A. of B. out of C. into D.
about
5.Professor Li is a strict but kind teacher, ______ is always trying to make his classes
lively and interesting. A. he B. he who C. one D. one who 6.He thought there would be many people at the show, but when he arrived he
found ________.
A. no one
B. nobody
C. nothing
D. none
7.If there is anyone who has brought abut great changes in the way we work,
______ Bill Gates.
A. it is
B. he
C. one is
D. he’ll be
8.Mare has left the book on the table __________ purpose so that you can read it.
A. with
B. on
C. in
D. from
9.I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _______ it was?
A. where
B. what
C. how
D. which
10.Jane hopes to become a friend of _______ shares her interests.
A. anyone
B. whomever
C. whoever
D. no matter who
11.He slept well ________ all the windows open. A. when B. while C. with D.
because
12.__________ my finishing reading the magazine, you can have it ________.
A. On; immediately
B. At; quickly
C. For; fortunately
D. With; likely KEYS: 1)C 非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子。2)B It：惯用发，指“情况”
3）C 主句是虚拟语气。4）B talk sb. into doing sth 劝…做谋事，talk sb out of doing sth.劝…不做谋事5）D one 是a teacher同位语，who引导定语从句修饰one.本句只填who也可以6）D 强调数量时，尤其是回答“How many…”时，用none,“一个都没有” 7）A 在没有确定某个人的情况下，都用it. 8）B on purpose 是固定短语，意思为“故意地” 9）D “是哪本书有关紧要吗？10）C “____shares her interest “缺少主语，而D 是引导状语从句的。
11）C all the windows open 是短语而不是句子。故用介词。12）A on doing “一…就…”
一、名词 【知识精讲】 名词是表示人，事物，地点或抽象概念的名称的词。 一、名词的数 在熟悉可数名词单数变复数规则的基础上，突出以下几点： 1. 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词(多为学科名词)，如： physics, linguistics, mathematics, politics, statistics, news , the United States 2. 抽象名词表示具体或特定的事例时也可作可数名词，单数前面应有不定冠词。如：(1) pleasure, surprise, help, success, failure, danger, difficulty, wonder等意为“...的人/ 物”。如：The meeting is a success. (2) worry, honor, disaster, rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food等不可数名词，指“一种”、“一场”及“多种”、“多场”时，可以有其单、复数形式。如：There have been strong winds over the last two months. (3) a need, a discovery, a love, a good time, a collection of, a knowledge of, a history of, a population of, an area of, an understanding of等已形成固定形式。如：He has a good practical
knowledge of computer science. 3. 表示一类事物的总称的名词，不能加-s ，如： machinery, furniture, equipment, technology, luggage, baggage, homework, evidence 4. 一些名词单数和复数形式表达不同的意思，如： chicken鸡肉/ chickens小鸡; fish鱼肉/ fishes( fish )各种鱼; paper纸/ papers试卷; water水/ waters水域，room空间/ rooms房间 5. 只有复数形式的名词，如： glasses （眼镜）,trousers, clothes，scissors等，注意加单位名词的用法：a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 6. 一些名词形式上虽是单数，但表示的是复数含义，如： people , police, cattle, staff, public, the +adj., the + 分词;（表示一类人） 7. 以复数形式出现，表达复数含义，如： belongings, surroundings, earnings, savings, shoes, socks, goods, thanks, congratulations, funds, pains, arms, troops 8. 集合名词看成一个整体时，谓语用单数，若侧重各个成员，则用复数，如：audience,class,couple,crowd,family,group,government,public ●The average family is a great deal smaller than it used to be. ●My family are going with me. 9. 单复数同形的名词，如： fish, deer, sheep, youth, Chinese, Japanese, means, species, crossroads, series, works, li（里）, yuan （元）, mu（亩）等 ●How many deer are there in Dafeng now?
高考英语语法总结 一．非谓语动词 一．不定式： 一）不定式的常考形式： 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 二）不定式常考的考点： 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 2）不定式做状语----目的 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 三)不定式的省略 1)感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） " 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 2) 使役动词have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后 要还原to I 'd like to have John do it. I have my package weighed. Paul doesn't have to be made to learn. 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do We agreed _______ here，but so far she hasn't turned up yet．（NMET 1995） A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met （Key：C） 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式
名词性从句 区别什么从句应看主句，主句不完整时从句肯定是名词性从句。主句完整时，从句可能是定语从句，状语从句，或者同位语从句。 需要用什么引导词看从句。名词性从句中缺什么意思用什么意思的引导词; 缺名词性成 份时，指人用指物用不缺意思和成份时用That只有在宾语从句中可以省略。 引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。 ◆____we can’t get∧seems better than ____ we have∧. A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what 本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当成分，所以答案是A。 ◆____ ∧caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 该题答案是A，what在主语从句中作主语，即作谓语动词caused的执行者。在下面的例句中，that不充当任何成份，只起语法连接作用（因为句子本身不缺成分）： 〖2011江西卷〗The villagers have already known we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge. A．this B．that C．what D．which 考察宾语从句和主语从句。村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥，后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物，所以选择what。答案：C 〖2011四川卷〗Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which in介词后面接宾语从句，且从句中缺do的宾语，故选C项。why、how在句中作状语；which在名词性从句中作定语。选C. 〖2011陕西卷〗I’d like to start my own business –that’s I’d do if I had the money. A.why B.when C.which D.what 所填词引导的从句位于系动词之后，是表语从句，所填词在从句中做宾语，指物，用what，选D。其余选项与题意不符。 〖2011北京卷〗Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom 考察名词性从句中的主语从句。主语从句中缺少offer的宾语，选择what。
专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 C、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that。 8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。 9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。 10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。
高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎…
新课标高考英语重点语法范例归总十三类(总61页) -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1 -CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除
新课标高考英语重点语法范例 第一周派生词 在新课标全国卷的语法填空题中，有涉及单词的形式变化的题目。此外，新考纲要求考生掌握 3 000多个英语单词。因此，掌握常用派生词的构词方法不仅能帮助同学们做好语法填空题，还能帮助同学们扩大词汇量，为同学们在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。 一、名词后缀 1．动词＋-ion/-tion /-sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程) correct v．改正；纠正correction n．改正 celebrate v．庆祝celebration n．庆祝；庆祝会 conclude v．完成；结束conclusion n．结论；结束 2．动词＋-er/-or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人) drive v．驾驶开车；驱赶driver n．司机；驾驶员 gather v．聚集；采集gatherer n．收集者；采集者 conduct v．指挥；管理conductor n．指挥；售票员 3．动词＋-ment→名词 punish v．惩罚punishment n．惩罚 4．动词/形容词＋-th→名词 warm adj.温暖的warmth n．温暖 grow v．生长growth n．生长 5．形容词＋-y→名词 difficult adj.困难的difficulty n．困难 honest adj.诚实的honesty n．诚实 6．形容词＋-ness→名词 kind adj.善良的kindness n．善良 7．动词＋-ance→名词 annoy vt.使烦恼annoyance n．生气；烦恼 8．-ship结尾的名词(表示身份；关系；资格) member n．成员；会员membership n．会员资格 professor n．教授professorship n．教授身份 9．-ing结尾的名词 garden n．花园gardening n．园艺 greet v．打招呼；问候greetings n．问候 [针对训练]
江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
高考英语13个语法考点英语语法归纳总结 高中英语离不开语法的学习，无论是英语口语还是英语写作，联系各个词汇之间的就是英语语法。下文小编给大家整理了高考必考的13个英语语法考点，供参考！ ? ?高考英语必考的13个语法考点1、as 句型 ?(1) as引导方式状语从句句型：“按照……;正如……” ?例：As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.?正如(像) 你们国家一样，我们北方种植小麦，南方种植水稻。 ?(2) as+形容词/副词原级+(a /an)+名词+as ; ?否定式：not as/so --- as ?例：He is as good a player as his sister. ?他和他姐姐一样是位优秀的运动员。 ?(3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于…… ?例：She is such a fool as to believe what he said. ?她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。 ?(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致于…… ?例：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box. ?他是如此的强壮以致于能提起那重箱子。 ?(5) such...as... 象……之类的…… (接名词或定语从句) ?例：He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was. ?他希望成为一个像雷锋这样的人。 ?(6) the same +名词+as 和……一样的…… (接名词或定语从句)
高中英语语法总结（完整版；高中必看！） 专题一：定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom指人在从句中作宾语 whose指人或物在从句中作定语 as指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个
（2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
精品-高中英语语法通霸-4.形容词和副词比较级最高级常考点分类专项总结归纳讲解与高考真题详细 练习题及答案 第四章形容词和副词的比较等级 第1讲关于than和as 考点1. as…as与(not) as (so)…as ① 在as…as句型中，第一个as是副词，用在形容 词和副词的原级前，常译为“同样”。后面的as是连词。 He is tall.他高。 He is as tall. 他同样高。（as修饰tall,“同样”，为副词） He is as tall as his brother is（tall）. 与他弟弟一样, 他是同样地高。(后面的as为连词，同……一样。) ② 只有在否定句中，第一个as才可换为so。改错：He is so tall as his brother. 答案：so改为as 1. 【1994全国】John plays football _____, if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as 2. —Did you enjoy the movie last night? —Yes, I didn’t expect it _____ wonderful. A. more B. as C. most D. much 考点2. 在比较状语从句中，主句和从句的句式结构
一般是相同的与as…as句式中后一个as一样，than也是连词。as和than这两个连词后面的从句的结构与前面的句子结构相同，相同部分可以 省略。 3. —What do you think of the plan? —It’s easier said than ______. A. carried out C. carry out B. carrying out D. to carry out 4. To answer correctly is more important than ______. A. that you finish quickly B. finishing quickly C. to finish quickly D. finish quickly 考点3. 谓语的替代（参看P. 错误！未定义书签。错 误！未找到引用源。）在as和than引导的比较状语从句中，由于句式同前面主句相同，为避免重复，常把主句中出现而从句中又出现的动词用do的适当形式来代替。如： John speaks German as fluently as Mary does. 5. John gives me more help than ______. A. Tom is B. Tom has C. Tom does D. Tom gives 6. I picked more apples than you ______ yesterday. A. picked B. do C. did D. had 7. 【2007重庆】As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he ______. A. writes B. does writing C. is writing D. does write 第2讲比较级 考点1. 可以修饰比较级的词 常用来修饰比较级的词或短语有： a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, a lot, a great deal, any, still, even等。 by far的用法：
高考语法考点概述 一、情态动词的考点 常用can/could句式:常用must句式：Shall /Should用法 Will—would--- used to;May/Might; Dare—dared; Need ●情态动词+不定式的完成式： 二、形容词、副词的考点 ●有关比较级和more than 用法 ●比较级表最高级---比较级与否定句连用 ●倍数表达法 ●形容词作状语表主语做某动作的原因、结果或伴随状态。 ●特殊形式的“非常”及其他 ●以- ing/-ed 结尾的形容词:加ing表“令人…的”;加ed表”感到…的” ●Rather与quite；common/usual/ ordinary/ normal/ average ; available/accessible; calm/silent/still/quiet ●多个形容词做定语排序：好美小高状其新；彩色国料特别亲。A large black steel board 三、状语从句考点before ;when ;where ;as ;since/now that; whoever. 四、定语从句考点whose;when;where;why;that;which;as 五、名词性从句考点what; that; whoever；doubt 六、非谓语动词with的复合结构；there being/to be 七、虚拟语气if; should; otherwise;but 八、时态和语态before; by；主动表被动 九、祈使句的反意问句及回答 十、反意问句I think …; must have done 十一、倒装not until;in no case;now/then ;only +状；so/such…that 十二、固定句型--- 一…就；when 表突然这时;before ;since;强调句型 十三、代词it; that;those;one; the other; another 十四、主谓一致：定从中等 十五、省略---状从中省略；to的省略；及承上省略to 后的动词 十六、动词词组及辨析 break; bring;cut;make;pick;keep;hold;catch; put; turn; call; take seat;sit---fit;suit;match----injure;hurt;wound- 十七、一词多义cover, catch ;strike;reach;follow 十八、一词多性eye; head; shoulder;face;chair;picture;sense 十九、介词beyond; under; in ; on ;with; over 二十、交际用语 高考语法考点详述 一.常用can/could句式: 1.This work is more than I can do.这个工作超出我所能做的。 2.He had run away before I could thank him.我还没来得及他，他已经跑了 3.You cannot be too careful. 你越仔细越好 4.You can’t pay enough attention to your spelling.你越注意你的拼写越好 =You can’t pay too much attention to your spelling. https://www.doczj.com/doc/7a5714292.html,e here as quickly as you can.尽可能快点来= Come here as soon as possible. 6. Experiments can be very expensive.实验有时会很贵
英语高考语法知识点总结大全 英语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后，英语语法系统地总结归纳出来的一系列语言规则。英语高考语法知识点有哪些?下面就是给大家带来的英语高考知识点，希望能帮助到大家! 英语高考知识点1 主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较。 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。 例如： It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构。 (1) It is +名词+从句
It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is +形容词+从句 It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3) it is +不及物动词+从句 It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… (4) it +过去分词+从句 It is reported that… 据报道… It has been proved that… 已证实… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况。 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said ，(reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (3) It happens…，It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)
高考英语语法填空必备词汇总结 ability 能力-able 能够的-unable 无能力的-ably 精明能干地-disable 使残废； absence 缺席-absent 缺席的-absently 漫不经心； admit 承认-admission 承认-admitted 公认的; Africa 非洲-African 非洲人-African 非洲的，非洲人的analyze 分析-analysis 分析-analytic 分析的-analytically 分析地； anger 愤怒-angry 生气的-angrily 生气地; annoy 惹恼-annoyance 烦恼-annoying 讨厌的/annoyed 恼怒的-annoyingly 烦人地;anxiety 渴望-anxious 焦虑的-anxiously 焦虑地； annual 每年的-annually 每年地;apologize 道歉-apology 道歉-apologetic 道歉的-apologetically 抱歉地;appear 显得-appearance 外貌，出现；apply 申请，用-applicant 申请人-application 申请表; 形arrive 至U达-arrival 至U达-arriver 至U达者-arrived 已到达的；Asia 亚洲-Asian 亚洲人-Asian 亚洲的；assist 帮助 -assistant 助理-assistance 帮助-assistant 助理的；astonish 使惊讶-astonishment 惊异-astonished 吃惊的/astonishing 惊人的-astonishingly 惊讶地;Australia 澳大利亚-Australian 澳大利亚人-Australian 澳大利亚
1. 语态和时态 —Do you see those people on the little sandy island? —Yes, they _______ handkerchiefs for the last half hour. I wonder why. A. were waving B. waved C. had waved D. have been waving 【正确答案】D 【高考考点】考查动词时态。现在完成进行时：表示一个从过去某一时刻开始的动作，一直延续到说话时还在进行或刚结束，句中常出现用for, since, how long等引导的时间状语。e.g. His telephone has been ringing for a long time .e.g. It has been raining since last Sunday. e.g. How long have you been wearing glasses? 【题干句意】“你有没有看见那些在小岛上的人？”“是的，我看见了。他们在过去的半小时里一直在挥手帕，我不知道为什么。” 【详细解析】这个挥手帕的动作是在半小时前开始的，然后一直在挥，一直挥到了说话的这个时候，所以我们用的是一个现在完成进行时，强调一个动作的持续。我们再来看一下其他几个时态： A选项是were waving——过去进行时，它指的是：①过去某一时刻正在进行；②过去某一阶段正在进行；B. waved——过去时，过去某时间发生的且已完成的动作，所以我们知道A 和B这两个时态都是和过去有关，而和现在是没有一点关系的，所以A和B这两个答案错了。 C. had waved——过去完成时：过去某一时刻或某一动作前完成的动作或状态，那么它所表达的时候是在过去的过去，例如：e.g. By the end of last year, we had built 5 new schools.到去年年底为止，我们已经建造了5所学校。首先，过去的时间是去年年底；而句子表达的意思是在去年年底之前，所以我们用过去完成时——had build.和现在是更加没有联系了，所以这个答案也是不正确的。 题干中的时间状语是“for the last half hour”，注意这个last不是指“最后的”，而是指“刚才的——在刚才的半个小时里”，那么往往呢句中出现last,或者是last half hour、recent这种词的话，我们一般都会选择现在完成进行时，因为它指的是“刚才”，那么肯定指“从刚才到现在”。所以本题答案是D. 2. 名词性从句 The information could be helpful to ____will take over the job. A. those B. who C. whoever D. anyone 【正确答案】C 【高考考点】考查名词性从句，顾名思义就是名词，它可充当主语、表语、宾语和同位语，所以相应的名词性从句也分为有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。此题考的就是介词to后的宾语从句。 【题干句意】“这个消息可能会对任何将接管这个工作的人有所帮助。”whoever = anyone who
2021届高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义（8） 独立主格知识点整理总结 独立主格结构是高中语法的难点之一，我之前在语法总结篇提到过，今天我就带大家来见识一下它的庐山真面目。 01 独立主格的概念 独立主格，从名称上看，它首先有个主语（所谓主格），其次它与主句的主语相比，是独立的，也即和主句的主语不同。我们来感受一下这个句子： Weather permitting, we will hold the sports meetings. （A） 天气允许的话，我们就会举办运动会。 这个句子是一个条件状语从句，还原成从句形式为： If the weather permits, we will hold the sports meetings. （B）天气允许的话，我们就会举办运动会。 A句中的we a th e r p e rm i t ti n g是一种独立主格结构，B句是它的还原形式。 weather是从句的主语，由于它不是真正意义上的主语，故而叫做逻辑主语。 因为它和主句主语不一样，故而叫独立主格。
02 独立主格的七种形式 除了常见的现在分词、过去分词能充当独立主格结构以外，还有其他一些短语结构可以用作独立主格，主要包括以下形式： 名词/代词+doing Weather permitting, we will hold the sports meeting. 名词/代词+done All things considered, he finally chose to give up the competition. 名词/代词+to do Here are the first two books, the third one to be sent next Monday. 名词/代词+介词短语 Baby in arms, she stood there looking after the cows. 名词/代词+形容词短语 His face, pale with anger, he stood up and left. 名词/代词+副词短语
高考语法总结—备战 一、冠词 冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法 1 指一类人或事，相当于 a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly. 2 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。 3 表示“每一”相当于every，one We study eight hours a day. 4 表示“相同”相当于the same We are nearly of an age. 5 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或 事 —Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? —Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here. A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋） 6 用于固定词组中 a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time 7 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one. 8 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. 9 用于抽象名词具体化的名词前success(抽象名词)→a success(具体化)成功的人或事 a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的事 a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识 II. 定冠词的用法 1 表示某一类人或物In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation. A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the 2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean 3 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door? 4 用于演奏乐器play the violin, play the guitar 5 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded 6 表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠词用法5）—Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please? —Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village. A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; / 7 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children. 8 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French 9 用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China. 10 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990’ｓ (二十世纪九十年代) 11 用于表示度量单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour. 12 用于方位名词，身体部位名词He patted me on the shoulder. III. 不用冠词（又名零冠词）的用法 1 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air 2 名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this? 3 季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring 4 表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America. 5 表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前He likes playing football/chess. 6 与by连用表示交通方式的名词前We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent. A. the; the B.不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填 7 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night 1