课时跟踪检测(四)阻尼振动受迫振动
1．下列说法正确的是()
A．实际的自由振动必然是阻尼振动
B．在外力作用下的振动是受迫振动
C．阻尼振动的振幅越来越小
D．受迫振动稳定后的频率与自身物理条件有关
2．下列说法正确的是()
A．只有受迫振动才能发生共振现象
B．一切振动都能发生共振现象
C．只要振动受到阻力，它一定做阻尼振动
D．若振动受到阻力，它也可能做无阻尼振动
3．在飞机的发展史中有一个阶段，飞机上天后不久，飞机的机翼(翅膀)很快就抖动起来，而且越抖越厉害。后来人们经过了艰苦的探索，利用在飞机机翼前缘处装置一个配重杆的方法，解决了这一问题。在飞机机翼前装置配重杆的目的主要是()
A．加大飞机的惯性
B．使机体更加平衡
C．使机翼更加牢固
D．改变机翼的固有频率
4.一砝码和一轻弹簧构成弹簧振子，如图1所示的装置可用于研究该弹簧振子的受迫振动。匀速转动把手时，曲杆给弹簧振子以驱动力，使振子做受迫振动。把手匀速转动的周期就是驱动力的周期，改变把手匀速转动的速度就可以改变驱动力的周期。若保持把手不动，给砝码一向下的初速度，砝码便做简谐运动，振动图线如图2甲所示。当把手以某一速度匀速转动，受迫振动达到稳定时，砝码的振动图线如图乙所示。
图1
图2
若用T0表示弹簧振子的固有周期，T表示驱动力的周期，Y表示受迫振动达到稳定后砝码振动的振幅，则()
A．由图线可知T0＝4 s
B．由图线可知T0＝8 s
C．当T在4 s附近时，Y显著增大；当T比4 s小得多或大得多时，Y很小
D．当T在8 s附近时，Y显著增大；当T比8 s小得多或大得多时，Y很小
5．把一个筛子用四根弹簧支起来，筛子上安一个电动偏心轮，它每转一周，给筛子一个驱动力，这样就做成了一个共振筛，如图3所示。筛子做自由振动时，完成10次全振动用时15 s，在某电压下，电动偏心轮转速是36 r/min。已知增大电压可使偏心轮转速提高；增加筛子质量，可以增大筛子的固有周期，那么要使筛子的振幅增大，下列做法正确的是()
图3
A．提高输入电压B．降低输入电压
C．增加筛子质量 D. 减小筛子质量
6．一洗衣机的脱水筒在正常工作时非常平稳，当切断电源后，发现洗衣机先是振动越来越剧烈，然后振动在逐渐减弱。对这一现象，下列说法中正确的是()
①正常工作时，洗衣机脱水筒的运转频率比洗衣机的固有频率大；②正常工作时，洗衣机脱水筒的运转频率比洗衣机的固有频率小；③正常工作时，洗衣机脱水筒的运转频率等于洗衣机的固有频率；④当洗衣机振动最剧烈时，洗衣机脱水筒的运转频率恰好等于洗衣机的固有频率。
A．①②B．②③
C．①④ D. ②④
7.图4是探究单摆共振条件时得到的图像，它表示振幅跟驱动力频率之间的关系，(g＝9.8 m/s2)请回答：
图4
(1)这个单摆的摆长是多少？
(2)如果摆长变长一些，画出来的图像的高峰将向哪个方向移动？
8．如图5所示，在曲轴A上悬挂一个弹簧振子，如果转动把手，曲轴可以带动弹簧振子上下振动。问：
图5
(1)开始时不转动把手，而用手往下拉振子，然后放手让振子上下振动，测得振子在10 s 内完成20次全振动，振子做什么振动？其固有周期和固有频率各是多少？若考虑摩擦和空气阻力，振子做什么振动？
(2)在振子正常振动过程中，以转速4 r/s匀速转动把手，振子的振动稳定后，振子做什么运动？其周期是多少？
(3)若要振子振动的振幅最大，把手的转速应多大？
答 案
1．选AC 实际的自由振动，必须不断克服外界阻力做功而消耗能量，振幅会逐渐减小，必然是阻尼振动，故A 、C 正确；只有在周期性外力(驱动力)的作用下物体所做的振动才是受迫振动，B 错；受迫振动稳定后的频率由驱动力的频率决定，与自身物理条件无关，D 错。
2．选AD 发生共振的条件是f 固＝f 驱，所以A 对、B 错。无阻尼振动是振幅不变的振动，当受阻力时，若外界补充能量，则也可能做无阻尼振动，C 错，D 对。
3．选D 飞机抖动得厉害是因为发生了共振现象，想要解决这一问题需要使系统的固有频率与驱动力的频率差别增大，在飞机机翼前缘处装置一个配重杆，改变的是机翼的固有频率，故选项D 正确。
4．选AC 该题是考查机械振动图像和共振现象的题目。细读图中所给情景，可知：第1幅图是描述弹簧振子在不受驱动力的情况下振动情况的图像，此时的振动周期是该弹簧振子的固有周期，从图中可直接读出固有周期为4 s ，A 正确，B 错误；当驱动力的频率与固有频率相近时，发生共振，振幅显著增大，所以当曲杆的转动周期与弹簧振子的固有周期4 s 接近的时候，振幅Y 显著增大，其他情况下Y 很小，C 正确，D 错误。
5．选AC 在题给条件下，筛子振动的固有周期T 固＝1510
s ＝1.5 s ，电动偏心轮的转动周期(对筛子来说是驱动力的周期)T 驱＝6036
s ＝1.67 s 。要使筛子振幅增大，就得使这两个周期值靠近，可采用两种做法：第一，提高输入电压使偏心轮转得快一些，减小驱动力的周期；第二，增加筛子的质量使筛子的固有周期增大。正确选项为A 、C 。
6．选C 正常工作时，洗衣机脱水筒运转频率比断电后的频率高，共振发生在断电之后，所以正常工作时的频率比洗衣机的固有频率大。洗衣机切断电源，脱水筒的转动逐渐慢下来，在某一小段时间内洗衣机发生了剧烈的振动，说明了此时脱水筒的运转频率与洗衣机的固有频率相同，发生了共振。此后脱水筒转速减慢，则f 驱＜f 固，所以共振现象消失，洗衣机的振动随之减弱，故C 正确。
7．解析：(1)从共振曲线知，单摆的固有周期
T ＝1f 固＝10.3
s ＝103 s ， 因为T ＝2π l g ， 所以l ＝gT 24π2＝9.8×????10324×3.142
m ≈2.76 m 。 (2)若摆长变长一些，则由周期公式T ＝2π l g
可知，单摆固有周期增大，则固有频率
变小，因此图像的高峰将向原点方向移动。
答案：(1)2.76 m (2)向原点方向移动
8．解析：(1)根据题意振子做自由振动，
T 固＝t n ＝1020 s ＝0.5 s ，f 固＝1T 固＝10.5
Hz ＝2 Hz 。 由于摩擦力和空气阻力的存在，振子克服摩擦力和阻力做功消耗能量，使其振幅越来越小，故振动为阻尼振动。
(2)振子做受迫振动。由于把手转动的转速为4 r/s ，即驱动力频率为f 驱＝4 Hz ，周期T 驱＝0.25 s 。弹簧振子振动达稳定状态后，其周期等于驱动力的周期，T ＝T 驱＝0.25 s 。
(3)要使弹簧振子的振幅最大，处于共振状态，必须使驱动力的频率f 驱等于它的固有频率f 固，即f 驱＝f 固＝2 Hz ，故把手的转速应为n ＝2 r/s 。
答案：见解析
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Ⅱ.单句改错 1．His parents died, left him an orphan.left→leaving 2．How many members have official registered in the club？official→officially 3．When her son finally left home, Emily felt completely at loss.at后加a 4．He works at perfect harmony with his colleagues.at→in 5．I have such little interest in English that I almost have to give it up.such→so 6．Being surrounded by big mountains, the village is almost unknown to people outside.去掉Being Ⅲ.句型转换 1．He always thinks of me as a fool. →He always considers me to be a fool. 2．He ran so fast that I could hardly keep pace with him. →So fast did he run that I could hardly keep pace with him. 3．I hope that you will live harmoniously with your new neighbors. →I hope that you will live in harmony with your new neighbors. 4．A group of soldiers in rags were marching in the depth of the forest. →Marching in the depth of the forest were a group of soldiers in rags. 5．The beautiful sunrise on the top of Mount Tai left us speechless. →The beautiful sunrise on the top of Mount Tai left us at a loss for words. Ⅳ.完形填空 Half a year before graduation from college, my son began to seek a job. __1__ the financial crisis, fewer companies would like to __2__ new staff. My son targeted a company that was __3__ to hire only one person __4__ there were more than twenty people filling their resumes. After the interview, there would only be 3 who could enter the final round, which would later __5__ one person to be employed. Everything seemed to go quite __6__ and my son passed the first round and entered the final round in a week. On the day of the final interview, my son and the other two __7__ arrived at the interview 课时跟踪检测（二十四）语言表达的简明、得体 1．阅读下面两段文字，回答后面的问题。(6分) (一)如今，许多外国人非常 ．．①热衷于．②学习中文，有些还要学习使用筷子。他们把筷子 称之．③为东方饮食文化的象征。中国人对于筷子来说 ．．④是．⑤再熟悉不过了，但其背后的文 化却未必人人清楚。筷子的历史起码 ．．⑥有三千多年，其名称源自于．⑦江南水乡，筷子最早的名称为“箸”，但古代水乡船家忌讳言“住”，希望快快行船，故改“箸”为“筷”，并沿用至今。 (二)筷子有诸多美好寓意。民间吉祥话，说“筷子筷子，快快生子”；筷子送恋人，寓意“”；筷子送朋友，意味着“平等友爱，和睦同心”。使用筷子也有一些禁忌。如“执箸巡城”(满桌巡视，随意翻拣)，“”(吮嘬筷子，品咂有声)，“泪箸遗珠”(夹菜带汤，沿途淋漓)，等等。 (1)文段(一)中有些加点的词语必须删去，请将其序号写在下面的横线上。(2分) 答： (2)在文段(二)中的横线处填写恰当的语句，使上下文内容相关、句式一致。(4分) 答： 答案：(1)①③④⑦(2)成双成对，永不分离品箸留声 2．阅读下面一段话，本着文字简明的原则，完成文后两题。(把序号填在横线处)(4分) 深圳南方公司，①在改革开放形势的推动下，②为了避免对来深圳南方公司应聘的人以是否名牌大学毕业而选择录用的先入为主的弊端，以聚集人才，③今年招聘大学毕业生，不再问毕业学校。他们认为，④任何一个一流企业如果不注重选拔人才注入新鲜血液，⑤如果仅凭是否名牌大学选择人才的话，将很难发展。 (1)应删去的两处语句是(写画线处的序号)。 (2)应简略的一处语句是(写画线处的序号)，可简略为。 解析：本段文字主要介绍深圳南方公司用人的新理念，①是介绍时代背景，与选拔人才没有必然关系，应删去；④说的是“任何一个一流企业如果不注重选拔人才”，这与本公司用人的新理念没有关系，所以是多余的。②句冗长难以理解，应予以删减压缩。 答案：(1)①④(2)②为了避免先入为主的弊端 3．为使下面的语段简明顺畅，请指出必须改动和删掉的词语。(只填写应删词语的序号)(4分) 2018～2019年度，我校将扩大招生规模 ①，由原来的22个教学班级 ② 增加到28个。由于 我校教室本已十分 ③严重 ④ 不足，因此亟须新建教室。现在，虽然我们已多方进行 ⑤ 筹措，但经 课时跟踪检测二十七难溶电解质的溶解平衡 (时间：45分钟满分：100分) 一、选择题(每小题6分，共60分) 1．下列对沉淀溶解平衡的描述正确的是( ) A．反应开始时，溶液中各离子浓度相等 B．沉淀溶解达到平衡时，生成沉淀的速率和沉淀溶解的速率相等 C．沉淀溶解达到平衡时，溶液中溶质的离子浓度相等，且保持不变 D．沉淀溶解达到平衡时，如果再加入难溶性的该沉淀物，将促进溶解 解析：沉淀溶解平衡符合一般平衡的特点，反应开始时，各离子的浓度没有必然的关系，A项错误；平衡时，沉淀的生成速率与溶解速率相等，B项正确；平衡时，离子浓度不再变化，但不一定相等，C项错误；沉淀溶解达到平衡时，如果再加入难溶性的该沉淀物，由于固体的浓度为常数，故平衡不移动，D 项错误。 答案：B 2．(2017届保定市高阳中学月考)对饱和AgCl溶液(有AgCl固体存在)进行下列操作后c(Ag＋)减小而K sp(AgCl)均保持不变的是( ) A．加热B．加水稀释 C．滴加少量1 mol/L盐酸D．滴加少量1 mol/L AgNO3溶液 解析：含AgCl饱和溶液中，存在＋(aq)＋Cl－(aq) ΔH>0，加热沉淀溶解平衡正向移动，c(Ag＋)增大，K sp(AgCl)也增大，A项不符合题意；加水稀释，由于饱和AgCl溶液中有AgCl固体存在，加水AgCl固体溶解，该溶液仍为饱和溶液，c(Ag＋)不变，B项不符合题意；滴加少量1 mol/L盐酸，c(Cl －)增大，沉淀溶解平衡逆向移动，c(Ag＋)减小，由于温度不变，K sp(AgCl)保持不变，C项符合题意；滴加少量1 mol/L AgNO3，溶液c(Ag＋)增大，D项不符合题意。 答案：C 3．(2017届玉溪第一中学月考)物质间的反应有时存在竞争反应，几种溶液的反应情况如下： (1)CuSO4＋Na2CO3 主要：Cu2＋＋CO2－3＋H2O―→Cu(OH)2↓＋CO2↑ 次要：Cu2＋＋CO2－3―→CuCO3↓ (2)CuSO4＋Na2S 主要：Cu2＋＋S2－―→CuS↓ 次要：Cu2＋＋S2－＋2H2O―→Cu(OH)2↓＋H2S↑ 下列几种物质的溶解度大小的比较中，正确的是( ) A．Cu(OH)2>CuCO3>CuS B．CuS>Cu(OH)2>CuCO3 C．CuS 高中校本教材新高考·新理念·新教材课时跟踪检测（必修一） Unit 1 Teenage Life Period Two 命题人: 班级：姓名： 1.The school is responsible for the ___________(安全) of all the students. 2. Choosing a suitable _______ (标题)for your passage is of great importance. 3. I hope I can join your company when I g_________ from Peking University. 4. The volunteer work experience is a great way to give back to the ___________(社区). 5. Getting a notebook to help you keep a _________(计划；安排) of the things will stop you putting things off. II.Blank filling.（在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。） 1. It’s _________ big challenge for you to complete any personal goal in time. 2. All the students are brave enough to face up to __________ comes up in the future. 3. Whenever I'm facing a __________(difficult), I always tell myself, "Don't ever quit!" 4. The first week was all a bit confusing, _________soon I got used to the new school life. 5. We can try a course for two weeks after we register for it. After that, we cannot change _______. 6. Nowadays, parents take more _________(responsible) for the education of their children than before. 7. Girls used to take fewer _________(advance) math courses than boys but now they are taking just as many. 8. I find it really _______(annoy) when some students say I got good marks in the exams because of being lucky. 9. We _______(high) recommended that students read some materials from the English-speaking countries. 10. I find that looking after children is a __________(challenge) job where you need to be patient and careful. 1.The runner failed to __________________ the others though he tried his best. 2.There was nobody else at hand, so we had to do all this ___________________. 3.We have to ______________________ whatever the future may have in store. 4.We are going to set up a food bank _______________ food to hungry people. 5.We are told to ______________ keeping the room tidy and cleaning the chalkboard. 6. I am going to start my first job, but I what to wear for work. 7. —I have the Oral English Competition. —What a ridiculous idea. You even don’t know how to introduce yourself in English. 8. He used to live in the countryside but now he living in the noisy area. 9. Before we leave here, we need to what to take and what to leave behind. 10.These workers had been in the United States for twenty or more years and therefore English. III. Cloze. （在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。） “The secret to getting ahead is getting started.” — Mark Twain S taying active in more ways than one. First of all, don’t be a bystander. Don’t let things pass you by 1 you are there to experience them. Try a new fitness schedule, join a club, find new ways 2 (meet) people, play basketball o r team sports. The second piece of “staying active” has to do 3 taking action—there is a difference between saying you are going to do something 4 actually carrying it out. Mean what you say and say what you mean. Seize 5 (opportunity) when you can. “Am I something? And the answer comes, already am, always was, and I still have time to be.” — Anis Mojgai You live your life in a small community at a small school and you only see a small piece of the world. Then, Suddenly you 6 (throw) into a large community at a large school, where there are thousands of young, insecure, definitely 7 (confuse) freshmen. They are all trying to fit in, 8 if everybody is trying to be someone they are not, no one can see them for who they really are. Don’t feel the need to obey anyone else’s idea of 9 you should be as a freshman. This goes along with being true to yourself, but there is a large amount of freedom that 10 (come) from being confident in who you are. Good habits formed at youth make all the difference. - 1 - 课时跟踪检测（一） Welcome to the unit & Reading — Language points Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．There are 30 people injured in the traffic accident but the injured were rescued at once.(injure) 2．She was confident of her becoming popular with the students. 3．I didn't want to add to my mother's worry, so I hurried home. 4．It is reported in the newspaper that talks between the two countries are making progress. 5．He appears careless, but in reality, he is a very careful person. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．如果你认为这样方便的话，我们把时间定在下午六点。 If you think that it_is_convenient_to_you,_we will fix the time at 6：00 pm. 2．我们都赞成他在会上提出的计划。 We all agreed to the plan he_had_put_forward at the meeting. 3．球队和球迷确信能够赢得即将到来的比赛。 The team and the fans are_confident_of_winning the coming match. 4．她吃了一惊，他居然还记得她的名字。 It_amazed_her that he still remembered her name. 5．需要采取措施使农田免遭洪水的侵袭。 Some measures are needed to_secure_the_farmland_against/from floods. 6．一看到这张聚会照片，她就陷入了对过去的美好回忆中。 No_sooner_had_she_seen the get-together photo than she got lost in the old sweet memories. 7．已经证明你的计划是实用的。 It_has_been_proved_that your plan is practical. Ⅲ.完形填空 Throughout history, many great leaders and explorers have tried hard to find objects or other ways to live forever. While it might sound __1__ to live forever, I believe that what makes life so __2__ is that it doesn't last forever. So, I don't __3__ that living forever is a good idea. For one thing, I think living forever would be very __4__. We always have to find ways to __5__ ourselves in a normal lifetime. __6__ you lived forever, you would still Unit 2 Robots Learning about Language Using Language Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．It was an absurd arrangement, bound to_lead (lead) to catastrophe. 2．She is junior to me but she looks mature. 3．The young man has a talent for management, so you can rely on him to do the work perfectly. 4．I don't know when they got divorced (divorce)． 5．Try to set aside some money each month for future use. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．如果这样的话，你的观点一定会和他的起冲突。 If so, your points of view are_bound_to conflict with his. 2．小时候，她写了很多优秀的诗歌，显示出了文学天赋。 She wrote many excellent poems at an early age, showing_a_talent_for literature. 3．为了身体健康，我们应该留出一些时间锻炼身体。 For the benefit of our health, we should_set_aside_some_time to take exercise. 4．童年的一切一下子涌入我的大脑，仿佛它们刚刚发生似的。 Everything in my childhood crowed upon my mind as_if_they_had_just_happened. 5．汤姆变成了法官，然而他依然是个渔夫。 Tom became a judge while_he_remained_a_fisherman. Ⅲ.完形填空 A library is a place to find out about almost anything. In it there are mostly __1__， but there are also pictures, papers, magazines, maps, records, special science and art shows, films, plays, and contests may also be __2__ in a library. __3__， a library only had books, and these were difficult to get. There were __4__ books that no one was __5__ to take them out of the library. After the printing machine was invented, books could be made __6__ and libraries got more books. To borrow a book to be __7__ home today, a person just needs a library card. The person goes to the main desk to __8__ a library helper check the book out. The helper prints the card with the date by which the book __9__ be returned to the library. If the book is returned __10__， the person must usually __11__ money for having broken the __12__. 课时跟踪检测（二十三）电场能的性质 [A级——基础小题练熟练快] 1．(2019·湖北八校联考)下列说法正确的是() A．带电粒子仅在电场力的作用下一定做匀变速运动 B．带电粒子仅在电场力的作用下运动时，动能一定增加 C．电场力做正功，带电粒子的电势一定降低 D．电场力做正功，带电粒子的电势能一定减少 解析：选D只有电场是匀强电场时，带电粒子仅在电场力的作用下做匀变速运动，A 错误；如果电场力做负功，则动能减小，B错误；电场力做正功，电势能一定减小，负电荷从低电势向高电势运动，故C错误，D正确。 2.(2020·山东济南模拟)如图所示，等量异种点电荷P、Q连线中点 处有一电子，在外力F作用下处于静止状态。现让电荷Q沿连线向右 移动一小段距离，此过程中电子一直处于静止状态。下列说法正确的是() A．外力F逐渐减小，电子的电势能逐渐增大 B．外力F逐渐增大，电子的电势能逐渐增大 C．外力F逐渐增大，电子的电势能逐渐减小 D．外力F逐渐减小，电子的电势能逐渐减小 解析：选D由题意可知，外力F向右，则电场力向左，可知P带正电，Q带负电；当电荷Q沿连线向右移动一小段距离时，电子所在的位置场强减小，电势升高，则电子受的电场力减小，外力F逐渐减小，电子的电势能降低，故选项D正确，A、B、C错误。 3.(2019·浙江东阳中学模拟)如图所示，MN是由一个正点电荷Q产生的 电场中的一条电场线，一个带正电的粒子＋q飞入电场后，在电场力的作用 下沿一条曲线运动，先后通过a、b两点，不计粒子的重力，则() A．粒子在a点的加速度小于在b点的加速度 B．a点电势φa小于b点电势φb C．粒子在a点的动能E k a小于在b点的动能E k b D．粒子在a点的电势能E p a小于在b点的电势能E p b 解析：选C由题图可知粒子受力应向左方，因粒子带正电，故电场线的方向应向左，故正点电荷Q应在N一侧，故a处的场强大于b处的场强，故粒子在a处的电场力大于b 课时跟踪检测（二十七）通过神经系统的调节 一、选择题 1．下列关于神经调节的说法正确的是() A．在反射弧完整的情况下，只要给感受器一个刺激，就会引起感受器的兴奋 B．将灵敏电流计的电极均接在一离体神经纤维膜内，在某处给予一有效刺激，电流计一定会发生两次方向相反的偏转 C．将一离体神经纤维置于较高浓度的NaCl溶液中，对测定的静息电位影响不大 D．在反射弧某一部位给以适当刺激，效应器产生相应的反应，说明发生了反射 解析：选C给感受器一个适宜刺激、且达到一定的刺激量，才会引起感受器的兴奋，A错误；将灵敏电流计的电极均接在一离体神经纤维膜内，若给予的一有效刺激部位位于灵敏电流计的两电极之间、且距离两电极相等，则产生的兴奋同时到达电流计的两极，灵敏电流计不会发生偏转，B错误；静息电位产生的机理是K＋外流，因此将一离体神经纤维置于较高浓度的NaCl溶液中，对测定的静息电位影响不大，C正确；在反射弧某一部位给以适当刺激，效应器产生相应的反应，若没有经过完整的反射弧，则没有发生反射，D错误。 2．(2019·潍坊期末)下列有关神经调节的叙述，正确的是() A．反射是机体神经调节的结构基础 B．机体受刺激后产生神经冲动与胞外Na＋内流有关 C．神经递质与突触后膜上的受体结合，一定引起突触后神经元兴奋 D．神经系统可支配某些内分泌腺的分泌，故神经系统的发育和功能不受激素的影响解析：选B反射弧是机体神经调节的结构基础，A错误；胞外Na＋内流产生了动作电位，B正确；神经递质与突触后膜上的受体结合，引起突触后神经元兴奋或抑制，C错误；神经系统的发育和功能受激素的影响，D错误。 3．(2019·济南重点中学联考)下列关于神经调节的说法错误的是() A．静息状态下，神经纤维膜外带正电、膜内带负电 B．神经纤维受到一定强度的刺激后，细胞膜对Na＋的通透性增加，Na＋内流 C．反射过程中，突触小体内会发生电信号→化学信号→电信号的转变 D．只有保持完整的反射弧结构才能完成反射活动 解析：选C静息电位表现为外正内负，A正确；神经纤维受到一定强度的刺激后，细胞膜对Na＋的通透性增加，Na＋内流，产生动作电位，B正确；反射过程中，突触小体内会发生电信号→化学信号的转变，C错误；反射的结构基础是反射弧，只有反射弧完整，反射课时跟踪检测(六十七)-离散型随机变量及其分布列
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