Section I
Directions:In this part you will hear ten ATC clearances\instructions or statements, each ATC clearances\instructions or statements will be spoken only once. A question will be asked after each ATC clearances\instructions or statements, there are four answers marked a,b,c,and d, choose the most appropriate answer from the four choices according to what you have heard .
1.TWA 328, takeoff immediately or hold short of runway.
Question: What can the pilot do?
a.Take off immediately.
b.Hold short of runway.
c.Both a and b.
d.Either a or b.
Answer: d
2.Air France 257, takeoff aborted due engine failure. We are standing on the overrun. We just managed to stop
short of the ILS antennas. Every body on board seems to be all right. We’ll just need coaches to take the passengers back to the terminal.
Question: Where is the aircraft?
a.Middle of runway.
b.Take off end of runway.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/7f4130155.html,nding end of runway.
d.Out of the runway.
Answer: d
3.528, We’re got to turn round due to bird strike. Engine No 3 is overheating.
Question: What is the pilot’s intention?
a.Go around.
b.Return to departing airport.
c.Avoid the bir
d.
d.Fix the No 3 engin
e.
Answer: b
4.Continental 453, we are coming back due to burst tyre during gear retraction. We were lucky it didn’t burst in
the well, but the starboard flaps seem to have been damaged.
Question: What is the cause of the flap damage?
a.Tyre burst outside the wheel well.
b.Tyre burst inside the wheel well.
c.Unlucky tyre burst during gear extending.
d.They are lucky flaps undamaged.
Answer: a
5.MIA 54, request immediate landing back with you. We nearly stalled during the climb out. Cargo probably
shifted in the rear hold. Mustn’t have been tied down properly.
Question: What is the problem?
a.The aircraft stalled.
b.The cargo moved.
c.The crew were tying down the cargo.
d.The aircraft can not climb due weight.
Answer: b
6.Eastern 54, maintain flight level 330 to HG unless otherwise instructed.
Question: What does the controller mean?
a.Implying that a change of clearance is possible.
b.Implying that a change of clearance is impossible.
c.Implying flight level 330 is not stable.
d.Implying flight level 330 must be changed.
Answer: a
7.Eastern 75, cleared to enter standard holding pattern over OG, flight level 70. delay not determined due unsure
deteriorating weather conditions.
Question: What does the controller mean?
a.The weather might be worse.
b.The weather might be better.
c.The weather is sure to be better.
d.The weather is unsure to be better.
Answer: a
8.Beach 457, report position. You didn’t report over GH which is a mandatory point.
Question: What do you learn from this statement?
a.The pilot requested to omit position report.
b. A reporting point has been missed.
c.The aircraft is now over GH.
d.The pilot is requested to report at next point.
Answer: b
9.43 romeo, you will shortly lose radar contact. Climb to flight level 240. Report Rochester.
Question: What will happen to the aircraft?
a.Lose radar contact for a short time.
b.Leave radar cover.
c.Try to regain radar contact.
d.Radar identified soon.
Answer: b
10.Control, KLM 45, we have just been caught in severe turbulence. Would you check the type of traffic that’s
ahead of us?
Question: What did the aircraft encounter?
a.Wake turbulence.
b.Air miss.
c.Traffic conflict.
d.Intruding aircraft.
Answer: a
Section II
Directions: In this part you will hear five RTF exchanges between pilots and air traffic controllers, each exchange will be spoken only once. A question will be asked after each exchange, there are four answers marked a,b,c,and d, choose the most appropriate answer from the four choices according to what you have heard .
1.c: Mike golf 456, you are approaching a danger area. Unable to give you a clearance to proceed direct. But
you can cross at own discretion.
P: roger. I’ll take responsibility. 456
C: 456, your ATC clearance will be suspended while you are crossing the area. Report when leaving the area.
Question: What can you learn from the controller’s instruction?
a.It is not allowed to cross.
b.Crossing is allowed under crew’s responsibility.
c.The controller takes the responsibility.
d.ATC clearance is not availabl
e.
Answer: b
2.p: KLM 546, would you please amend our flight plan. We’ve just received instructions from our airline to
divert to Manchester to pick up additional freight. Can we proceed direct after intercepting alpha 1?
C: 546, affirm. Report intercepting alpha 1.
Question: What do you learn from this conversation?
a.The controller did not amend the flight plan.
b.The pilot has to wait until the plan is amended.
c.The aircraft would divert under company’s instruction.
d.The aircraft can not cross alpha 1.
Answer: c
3.p: Cathy 567, we have just had to dive about 1000 feet to avoid traffic. We spotted it just as we were popping
out of the overcast. I must check whether the passengers are all right. I will call you back.
C: roger.567.
Question: What happened?
a.Emergency descent due depressurization.
b.Descent due near collision.
c.Descent due turbulence.
d.Descent to avoid weather.
Answer: b
4.p: MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY. Portland control, pacific 57, we’ve been rammed by a fighter. Unable to
maintain altitude.
C: Pacific 57, Portland control. Roger mayday. Can you still handle the aircraft?
P: Tail section must have been hit. Rudder is inoperative. Pacific 57.
Question: What happened to pacific 57?
a.Air collision.
b.Avoidance of a collision.
c.Wake turbulence.
d.Wind shear.
Answer: a
5.p: London control, whiskey bravo is leaving flight level 250 for 200.
C: whiskey bravo, London, your transmission is partly broken up. Understand leaving flight level 240, is that correct?
P: negative. We’re leaving 250. I say again 250.
C: Whiskey bravo, roger.
Question: What happened?
a.The pilot made a mistake in transmitting.
b.The controller make a mistake in readback.
c.The controller could not read well.
d.The transmission was blocked.
Answer: c
Section III
Directions: In this section you will hear two passages. each passage will be spoken only once. After each passage five questions will be asked, for each question there are four answers marked a,b,c,and d, choose the most appropriate answer from the four choices according to what you have heard .
Passage I
Except for emergencies, the landing priority of aircraft arriving at a tower-controlled airport is on ‘first come, first served’ basis. When landing at a tower control, an aircraft should exit the runway at the first suitable taxiway and remain on the tower frequency until instructed to do otherwise. The aircraft should not turn onto any other taxi way unless a clearance to do so has been received. A TC provides pilots’ braking action reports using the terms ‘good’, ‘fair’, ‘poor’ and ‘nil’ or a combination of these terms. If you give a braking action report to ATC, you should use the same terminology. If an aircraft requests to take off, land, or touch-and-go on a closed or unsafe runway, the pilot will be informed that the runway is closed or unsafe. And if you insist, the operation will be at your own risk.
The following questions are based on the passage you have just heard.
1.What should the landing priority like?
a.‘First-come, first-served’ in any case.
b.‘First-come, first-served’ in emergencies.
c.Upon pilots’ request.
d.None of abov
e.
Answer: d
2.How should the pilot vacate the runway after landing?
a.Turn off at any exit.
b.Exit at the pilot’s discretion.
c.Exit upon controller’s instruction or first exit.
d.Exit at upwind of landing runway.
Answer: c
3.What terms should the pilot use when he reports braking action?
a.The terms found in the operation manual.
b.The crew’s own words.
c.The language controller can understan
d.
d.Standard terms.
Answer: d
4.What happens if a pilot requests to takeoff on a closed or unsafe runway?
a.He is not allowed to do so.
b.The controller decides.
c.The crew takes responsibility.
d.They will ask controller for advic
e.
Answer: c
5.Which of the following is NOT true?
a.‘First-come, first-served’ is right in normal operation.
b.‘First-come, first-served’ is not applicable in emergency.
c.Pilot can take off on closed runway.
d.Pilot should exit at first suitable way out.
Answer: c
Passage II
At most medium or high activity air traffic control facilities, radar is used by the controllers as a supplemental tool to separate aircraft. It does not completely replace non-radar separation procedures. It does, however, permit a reduction of lateral and longitudinal separation minima and increases the efficiency and effectiveness of the controller. There are still many occasions a radar procedure is not necessary. In some cases, non-radar methods may be easier to apply and do not significantly restrict the pilot or reduce A TC system efficiency. In many areas, radar coverage does not extend far enough and non-radar procedures are still used to separate aircraft. In addition, some air traffic control facilities remain unequipped with radar and must rely on non-radar procedures.
The following questions are based on the passage you have just heard.
1.Where is radar control mostly used?
a.In all controlled space.
b.At those airports without towers.
c.Where non-radar procedures are impossible.
d.Where traffic flow is heavy.
Answer: d
2.What is the use of radar control according to the passage?
a.Reduction of A TC efficiency.
b.Reduction of separation distance.
c.Additional means of non-radar control.
d.Replacement of non-radar control
Answer: c
3.What is the advantage of non-radar procedures?
a.Easier to apply sometimes.
b.Less space to cover.
c.Saving costs of equipment.
d.Increasing effectiveness.
Answer: a
4.What if the airport is not equipped with radar facilities?
a.Radar control will be restricted.
b.Only procedural control is practical.
c.Regulations require the installation.
d.None of abov
e.
Answer: b
5.How can control efficiency be improved?
a.Extend radar coverage.
b.Reduce airport activity.
c.Reduce lateral and longitudinal separation.
d.Not mentioned in the passag
e.
Answer: d
Directions: In this section there are some ATC clearances\instructions or pilot’s reports\requests. These above words are spoken only once. In each spoken part some words are missing. Listen carefully and fill the blanks with what you have just heard.
1.YVBRL cleared via flight planned route to King City POLA departure Red 5 ______. Climb and maintain
flight level 160 ______ level change on route, after departure contact 128.3 and your squawk is 3247.
2.Air China 101 you have just____ colliding with an aircraft that crossed our ______ about 200 feet below.
3.Swissair 402______ your flight route Amber 232 to KLP because there is a large amount of CB in front of
you, which blocking your route, please contact ______ control zone on 121.9.
4.Gatwick volmet _______ broadcast 0600 hours. Heavy _______ reported north of Gatwick from ground level
up to 10000 feet Gatwick airport closed.
5.GDS roger mayday. Call when you are ______ at FL 180. break break, BAW 779 _____emergency traffic 12
o’clock 13 miles. Turn right immediately heading 180 and descent FL 220.
1.YVBRL cleared via flight planned route to King City POLA departure Red 5 Amber 23. Climb and maintain
flight level 160 request level change on route, after departure contact 128.3 and your squawk is 3247.
2.Air China 101 you have just missed colliding with an aircraft that crossed our course about 200 feet below.
3.Swissair 402 change your flight route Amber 232 to KLP because there is a large amount of CB in front of
you, which blocking your route, please contact next control zone on 121.9.
4.Gatwick volmet special broadcast 0600 hours. Heavy sand-storm reported north of Gatwick from ground
level up to 10000 feet Gatwick airport closed.
5.GDS roger mayday. Call when you are reaching at FL 180. break break, BAW 779 conflicting emergency
traffic 12 o’clock 13 miles. Turn right immediately heading 180 and descent FL 220.
Section V
Directions: In this section there is an exchange between pilots and controllers, the exchange will be spoken only once. Listen carefully and then complete the table below.
Complete the following statements
1.There were two traffics before GKP, one was ____ __bound, another was___ t bound.
2.One aircraft ahead was ___ away, another ts away.
3.GKP was then turning to
4.The first reported level of ATR was
5.ATR was flying heading
1.There were two traffics before GKP, one was ____north __bound, another was___ northeast bound.
2.One aircraft ahead was ___five mile away, another three miles away.
3.GKP was then turning to downwind
4.The first reported level of ATR was 2500 ft
5.ATR was flying heading 070.
Part II Oral interaction
Section One: Normal Procedure
Directions: In this part, you are a pilot. Your aircraft callsign is ABCDE. Your flight is from Bluenard to Greenard , alternate is Blackyard. Complete your communication with ATC according to the controllers instructions and the prompt. Your voice will be recorded when you see a microphone on the screen.
Please read the following information concerning this flight.
Aircraft callsign: ABCDE
Information code: K
SIDs: Brick1, Brick2, Coly1D and Coly2D
A. Pre-flight
(you are on stand A8)
C: ABCDE your ATC clearance
P: ready to copy ABCDE
C: ADE you are cleared to Greenard via Coly, flight planned route Coly1D departure 7000ft initially request
level change en route squawk 5462
P: cleared to Greenard via Coly, flight planed route, Coly1D departure 7000ft initially request level change en route squawk 5462 ADE
C: ADE confirm 7000ft initially
P: 7000ft initially ADE
C: correct contact ground 121.9 correction 121.8
P: 121.8 A DE
(Before start-up, the dispatching officer send the loadsheet for you. you find there are some mistakes in take-off weight. You point it out and ask to verify.)
P: Excuse me, sir, I found some mistakes about take-off weight and data. Would you please verify it ?
(Call delivery, request new departure time due to loadsheet problem.)
P: Delivery, ADE, request new departure time due to loadsheet problem.
C: ADE, roger, er—5 minutes enough? Do you think?
(you say yes)
P: affirm, it is enough ADE.
C: OK, ADE, your new departure time will be 45.
P: Departure time 45, ADE.
(contact ground)
P: Ground ABCDE good morning
C: ADE, Blueyard Ground pass you message
(you want to push back and start up from stand A8)
P: Blueyard ground ADE standA8 to Greenard information K, ready for push back and start up
C: ADE push back and start up approved slot time 45 start up at own discretion. call me when ready for taxi P: push back and start up approved, ADE.
B. Departure 6
(you are approaching holding point r/w 26R, contact Tower.)
P: Tower ABCDE approaching holding point r/w 26R
C: ADE, Tower, are you ready for immediately departure?
(you say yes)
P: affirm, ADE
C: ADE line up, be ready for immediately departure wind 310 9kts.
P: lining up, immediate departure, ADE
(you have commenced Coly 1D departure, climbing, contact Departure)
P：Blueyard Departure ABCDE climbing
C: ADE cancel SID climb to 1500ft before turning left heading330 to intercept COL VOR 080 radial
P: cancel SID climb to 1500ft at present heading then turn left heading330 to intercept COL VOR 080 radial ADE
C: A DE climb so as to cross south boundary at 7000ft or above, after passing south boundary. contact Blueyard control 131.75
P: climb so as to cross south boundary at 7000ft or above after passing
south boundary 128.3 A DE
C. En route 11
(contact Blueyard control)
P: Blueyard control ABCDE
C: ABCDE go ahead
(report you are over FVL at40 FL310 ETO ECT 05)
P: ADE FVL at 40 FL310 ETO ECT 05
C: ADE roger report ECT.
P: wilco ADE
(your are over ECT at 05 ETO DOK at 25, request higher level.)
p: Blueyard control ADE ECT at 05 ETO DOK at 25, request higher level.
C: ADE roger climb to FL330, omit position report until LMI
P: Climbing to FL330, omit position report until LMI, ADE
C: ADE contact Greenard control 132.1.
P: 132.1, ADE
(contact Greenard control)
P: Greenard control ABCDE
C: ADE Greenard control radar identified. Maintain present altitude and heading until OMI.
P: Maintain present altitude and heading until OMI, ADE
C: ADE unknown traffic 10 o’clock 4miles cr ossing left to right report have it in sight
(you can not see the traffic, ask for vector)
P: Control ADE negative contact request vector
C: ADE turn left heading 060 correction 070
P: left heading 070 ADE
C: ADE clear of traffic resume own navigation direct OMI
P: direct OMI, ADE
D. Descend 7
(contact Greenard Approach, you are over BOV at FL210, you have got information L)
P: Greenard Approach ABCDE over BOV at FL210, information L
C: ADE roger descent to and maintain 5000ft QNH1014 make standard ILS approach r/w35R report PC
P: descent to and maintain 5000ft QNH1014 make standard ILS approach r/w35R report PC ADE
C: ADE cleared to ILS app r/w35R report established
P: cleared to ILS app r/w35R report established ADE
C: ADE, for your information Greenard weather is getting worse, surface wind 360 05 kts, visibility 900m, cloud base 50m, one aircraft has just overshot approach. What is your intention?
(your company minimum is 100m cloud, request hold.)
P: It is below our company minimum, we need 100m, request hold.ADE
C: ADE what is your holding fuel and alternate in case of diversion?
(you can hold 45 minutes, alternate is Redot.)
P: we can hold 45 minutes, alternate is Redot, ADE.
C: Ok, ADE, hold at PC as published.
(you are established on the localizer)
P: ADE established localizer
C: ADE continue approach contact tower 119.9
P: 119.9 ADE
E: Landing and after landing 5
(you are just landing on r/w35R)
C: ADE vacate via t/wE2 and contact ground on 121.7
P: t/w E2 121.7 ADE
(contact ground)
P: ground ABCDE r/w vacated
C: ADE good morning taxi via t/w E, F and M to stand B12
P: taxi via t/w E, F and M to stand B12 ADE
(you want to use t/w H instead of t/w F)
P: Ground ADE request taxiway H
C: ADE t/w H is closed continue taxi straight ahead along t/wF
P: thanks taxi straight ahead along t/w F ADE
Section Two: Abnormal Procedure
Directions:. In this part, you are a pilot. Your aircraft callsign is ABCDE. Complete your communication with ATC according to the controllers instructions and the prompt. Your voice will be recorded when you see a microphone on the screen.
Item 1
PIL: (Report to Blueyard tower that your left main landing gear is jammed) Blueyard tower,ABCDE our left main landing gear is jammed.
CTL: ADE, what are your intentions?
PIL: (You request for a hold to check the problem)Request to holding area to carry out a complete check., ADE. CTL: Roger, ADE, climbing to 3000 feet QNH1001, turn left heading 340 to TCR VOR.
PIL: (Readback) Roger, ADE, climb to 3000 ft QNH 1001, turning left heading 340 to TCR.
Item 2
PIL: (No.3 engine has low oil pressure, you want direct to Greenard,Call Blueyard control) Blueyard control ABCDE, Oil pressure is dangerously low on the No.3 engine. Can we proceed to Greenard direct?
CTL: Affirm, proceed to Greensfield direct at FL220
PIL: (call Blueyard control you are not able to contact with Greenard, ask the controler to check the availability of oil lines and seals at that airport): Blueyard control ADE, we cannot contact with Greensfield base. Could you check with them whether oil lines and seals are available for our aircraft?
CTL: Roger, Stand by, ADE.
CTL: ADE, they say you’d better go to Blueyard. There is a larger inventory there.
PIL: (Request amendment to the clearance) Roger, ADE. Can you amend our clearance?
CTL: Affirm, you’re cleared to Blueyard,routeing TCR, F:L220, report over TCR.
PIL: Roger, ADE, routeing TCR, FL120.
Item 3
(Call Blueyard Control for an immediate descent due to pressurization problem)
PIL: Blueyard Control, ABCDE. We have a pressurization problem. Request immediate descent.
CTL: Roger, Descend to FL 100, report reaching.
PIL: (Read back) ADE, 100
PIL: (reaching report, pressure is normal, request climb) ADE, reaching flight level 100, The pressure is back to normal. Request climb
CTL: Roger ,recleard flight level 280.
Part III Oral responses
Narration
Directions: In this part, you are going to listen to two accident narratives, after each narrative three questions will be asked, make your answer be recorded when you see a microphone on the screen.
Accident Narrative:
03 JAN 1994, at Irkutsk Airport the Tupolev 154M crew spent 17 minutes to get all 3 engines to run. During the start-up of the centre no. 2 engine a spontaneous rotation of the engine's turbo compressor was noted twice. When all engines were started the "dangerous rotation of starter" warning light illuminated. The light wouldn't go out by using the starter turn off button. The operations manual didn't describe the actions to be taken in this situation and the crew thought the warning was false, thinking the starter could only spin during engine start-up. All engine parameters seemed normal and the aircraft departed for Moscow. While climbing through 4000m no. 2 engine problems forced the crew to return to Irkutsk. A fuel-fed fire had erupted in the area of the no. 2 engine, causing damage to hydraulic lines and control surfaces. Control was lost and the aircraft crashed amongst farm buildings. The investigation shows that the causes of the accident are: 1) break-up of the no.2 engine starter, damaging fuel and oil lines. 2) The crew underestimated the severity of the situation and decided to depart. Question 1: According to the passage, what are the causes of the accident?
Question 2: What lessons can you learn from the accident? Question 3: Describe the accident in your own words.
中国民航飞行员汉语考试 900句 中国民用航空局飞行标准司 二〇一七年二月六日
目录 第一章基本通话术语 (1) 第二章机场管制通话术语 (9) 第三章雷达管制通话术语 (19) 第四章进近管制通话术语 (24) 第五章区域管制通话术语 (31) 第六章紧急情况通话术语 (36) 第七章气象通话术语 (62) 第八章其它情况通话术语 (73)
第一章基本通话术语 1.保持九千八。 2.下降到八千九。 3.到达五千七。 4.保持高度两拐过魏县 5.继续下降到九百，修正海压幺洞幺两。 6.通过高度五千四，上九千五。 7.可以进入限制区。 8.请求继续上升。 9.直飞大王庄，高度不低于五千四。 10.过郑州后下降到两千四。 11.下到六千三保持。 12.魏县前下降到五千四。 13.由于性能原因周口前无法到达五千四 14.上升到八千九，五五分前到达。 -1-
15.下降率两千英尺每分钟。 16.上升率不小于1000英尺每分钟。 17.准备好时下降到六千三，蟠龙前到达。 18.右转航向三三洞，下降到九百，可以盲降进 近，跑道三六右。 19.下降到九百，通播P。 20.快速下降到五千四。 21.尽快上升到五千七。 22.上升到八千四，快速通过五千四。 23.由于重量原因无法加速上升。 24.立即下降到六千，有活动。 25.准备好时上升到八千四，离开六千时报告。 26.离开六千，上升到八千四. 27.自行保持间隔和目视气象条件，下降到两千 四 28.到达两千四，请求继续上升。 29.取消标准仪表离场，直飞老粮仓，上升并保 -2-
持三千三。 30.遇到结冰，请求继续下降 31.遭遇结冰，请求继续上升。 32.遇到严重颠簸，请求继续下降。 33.减速到马赫数点拐六 34.保持马赫数点八四或以上。 35.保持马赫数不大于点八洞。 36.保持当前速度。 37.保持速度不小于两五洞。 38.减到最小光洁速度。 39.减到最小进近速度。 40.保持速度幺六洞直到五边四海里。 41.保持速度幺六洞直到外指点标。 42.下降到三千六，转换速度三幺洞。 43.取消速度限制，继续下降到两幺。 44.龙门洞两号离场，通过七百五十米，上升两 拐。 -3-
保证飞行安全是一个十分复杂的系统工程，涉及到人、机、环境等多种因素。中国民航50年来发生的二等和重大以上的133次飞行事故中，飞行员的人为原因占直接责任的65%，主要是机长素质低而导致操作和处置失误。国际民航发生有人员死亡的飞行事故中也有68%是机长的操作和处置失误人为原因造成的。由此可见，机长的素质在保证飞行安全中处于重要地位。 随着航空技术的发展，机长的作用由过去以人工操作为主变为以操纵管理为主。他要负责信息管理、任务管理、实行严密监控、及时决策，保持高度警觉，随时准备接替自动化系统，操作航空器安全、正常的运行。因此，机长已经成为自动化系统的管理者、决策者，处于核心地位。由此可见，人的因素是安全生产中最关键的因素。这就要求我们拥有一支高素质、职业化的飞行队伍，综合起来讲就是高水平的飞行职业素质。它包含两方面，一是职业道德，主要包含三方面内容--敬业精神、规章法纪、飞行作风；二是职业技能，也包含三个方面--飞行技术、管理能力、身心素质。 职业道德 1、敬业精神 敬业精神是人们基于对一件事情、一种职业的热爱而产生的一种全身心投入的精神，是社会对人们工作态度的一种道德要求。他的核心是无私奉献意识。由外在压力产生的是低层次的敬业，是对本职工作有个交待；而发自内心、出于对本职工作热爱的是高层次的敬业，那就是把工作当成自己毕生的事业。不管哪个层次的敬业表现出来的都是认真负责、认真做事、一丝不苟、有始有终。看似简单的十六个字，真正能把它做好并不容易，因为它需要的是认认真真、是持之以恒。联系到实际飞行，如我们常提到的两个标准、两个长期不走样（即严格飞行标准，严格飞行动作提高标准化程度，防止出现较大偏差。对简单程序，能持之以
你所不了解的飞行员 ●飞行头一晚，必须通过所飞机型的考试。 ●党组织的特殊作用是让飞行员把情绪和问题放在地下，轻装上天。 ●闹离婚的飞行员不能驾驶飞机，必须停飞直到把矛盾解决。 ●发现同事情绪不对，可以向上级“打小报告”，以便解决问题。 ●结婚前必须把对象的详细资料报告给党组织。 ●飞前8小时，不能喝任何带含酒精饮料，度数再低也不行。 ●月飞行时间不得超过100小时，每年必须要有一个月疗养时间。 南航自费飞行员的招飞工作仍在继续，虽然学费高达71万元，报名情况却依然火爆，截至昨天下午4时，已有2767人报名，其中过半是高中生。在常人眼中，飞行员头顶“金领”的光环在高空翱翔，这个职业高素质高薪酬令人向往。但揭开神秘的面纱，记者走近这个群体方知，特殊的工作必定伴随着特殊的纪律和规矩，不平凡的生活背后亦有着不为人知的艰辛。 飞行前先上网考试 为了揭秘飞行员的工作和生活，记者来到位于白云区机场路一侧的南航飞行部，不时有飞行员拖着箱子在这里进进出出。“又飞啦？”“是啊，飞阿姆（斯特丹）。”两个大个子男人在一楼楼道里闲聊。二楼右转走到底，是一个大房间，里面3张大会议桌，中间8台电脑围成一圈。
这里是准备室，飞行员最熟悉的地方。 成长为机长要付出十年的努力，在强度很大的学习和工作中，刘岚很难抽出时间陪伴家 人。 飞行员刘岚在准备室作飞行前的准备。
飞行员考试答对为止 “机组飞之前需要开会作些准备，就在这里。”南航飞行部有关负责人介绍道，通常飞国际航线的时间比较长，如飞美国洛杉矶或荷兰阿姆斯特丹等地，飞行时间长达十几个小时，因此飞机上需要两套机组人员轮流工作，准备室就是为这些机组之间协调沟通工作做提前准备的。“那么电脑是做什么用的？”记者看着飞行员正轮流使用电脑，不解地问道。“做功课用的。”这名负责人诙谐地表示，经验再丰富的飞行员，每次出发之前，还是必须要温习所飞机型的资料。比如明天要飞空客A320机型，飞行员今晚就必须要在网上通过A320机型的考试，答中所有随机抽中的问题，第二天才能够顺利飞行。如果答案不对，那就抱歉了，继续答，全部答对为止。“飞行员就是这样，时刻在学习、培训的状态。”南航A320机队机长刘岚说道。 机长一大早去机场准备 网上“功课”只是开始，出发前机长还要跑去白云机场做飞行的备份工作。不少机长清晨6时不到就起床去机场了，飞行前他们要做的事情很多，比如检查飞机状态，看看机油情况和容量，检测机上仪器。最后是在飞机上等候乘客们进入机舱。 飞行时坐下就难起来 “飞的时候精神高度集中，连聊天都很少。”刘岚告诉记者，飞行员开飞机不像开车那么闲适，“忙着与地面联系，观察地形及天气变化呢。”刘岚解释道，比如从广州飞北京，短短3个小时要经过5个空管区域：广州、长沙、武汉、郑州、北京。每到一个空管区域飞行员都必须与空管联系，了解航
国内民航飞行员教育培训概况 0 引言 随着我国民航运输业的不断发展壮大, 各航空公司对飞行员的需求量不断增加, 目前我国民航飞行员的训练大纲教育出现了很多问题。飞行员教育体系是随着我国社会经济体制改革, 特别是民航体制改革而出现的一个客观历史存在。 它首先在计划体制和政府覆盖最少的地方涌现。比如飞行员的非学历教育部分。这类飞行教育培训机构的数量远远超过学历教育机构, 但由于其发展基础以及短期考虑等因素, 它们往往很难提供完整和规范的执照教育, 使得毕业学生的质量以及延伸训练难以达到法规标准要求。然而他们的市场机制发展相对较早, 完全按照市场化运作, 并且迎合了飞行员短缺的一个机遇期。所以,人们对它们的产生看好, 并得到管理层的部分认可。 传统型的由学历教育与职业教育复合而成的飞行员学历教育。由于若干现实约束一一没有预测或者预测效度较低的招生计划。严格的培养规模计划和教育周期。迅速变化的飞行员的需求。这些往往导致供应不但严重短缺, 而且时滞性表现显著。 1 解决飞行人员缺口问题的途径如何才能真正地解决飞行人员缺口问题, 一个是从飞行员的培训上实现突破,另一方
面也要保证飞行人员的素质水平, 实现高素质、高要求的全方面的飞行员。 解决飞行员素质水平问题的关键就是教育, 必须走上社会化办学的道路。 目前国内飞行员培养主要有三条途径: 一是高中毕业生通过高考提前录取,在航校学习4年时间（称为养成生）; 二是招收高校大二、大三学生进行技能培养, 学习时间两年左右（称为大改驾）; 三是军航飞行员转化为民航飞行员。 飞行员的培养是一个复杂的系统工程, 飞行员除了要掌握相关的理论知识和模拟机训练外, 还要积累各种气候条件下的飞行经验。这三个途径中飞行人员的教育素质不是那么整齐, 这就要因材施教, 显示出培养的方式和机制上有区别。 由此, 超预期的航空人才需求与人才培养周期长之间的矛盾日益突出,核心技术人才（飞行、机务和空管人员）的短缺,尤其是经验丰富的高级技术人才匮乏成为制约中国民航运输业未来发展的重要因素。 制度性约束使飞行员培养成为一种教育竞争的热点。作为人力成本很高的飞行员培养, 商业性航空企业缺乏人才储备和长远规划。随着我国经济发展水平的提升。为民航快速发展创造了前所未有的机遇,奇缺乏的飞行员人才数量与质量要求, 成为这个教育体系推动的主要力量。可以说, 从飞行员招生的组织与选拔, 到委托培养机构进行培训,再到接收毕
报名资格 应届、往届高中毕业生：男性，年龄不小于17周岁、不超过20周岁（1996年8月31日至1999年8月31日出生）。[点击下载:高中生报名表.xls] 普通高校本科二年级在校生：男性，年龄不超过22周岁。 [点击下载:大学生报名表.xls] 军校应届本科毕业生：男性，年龄不超过24周岁（1992年7月1日以后出生）。 [点击下载:大学生报名表.xls] 自荐条件 身体条件 (一)身高：在165-185厘米之间;未满18周岁的，身高达到164厘米。 (二)体重：在52公斤以上;未满18周岁的，体重达到50公斤以上。 (三)视力：按空军标准视力表双眼裸视力0.8以上。 (四)血压：收缩压在100-138mmHg之间，舒张压在60-88mmHg之间。 (五)色觉：无色盲、色弱。 (六)无纹身、刺字。 心理素质基本条件 (一)对飞行有较强的兴趣和愿望。 (二)思维敏捷、反应灵活、动作协调、学习能力强。 (三)具备一定的领导决策能力和团队协作意识。 (四)性格开朗、情绪稳定，有敢为精神。 政治条件 拥护党的路线、方针、政策，忠于祖国，热爱军队，志愿从事军事飞行职业;历史清白，思想进步，品德优良，遵纪守法，符合军队招收飞行学员的政治条件。本人自愿，家长(监护人)支持。 文化条件 (一)普通中学高中毕业生报名参加招飞，需品学兼优，高考成绩达到本省统招生一本线。 (二)普通高校须是教育部注册的公办院校，其中，本科二年级学生当年经省级招生办本科第一批、第二批统一录取;应届本科毕业生当年经省级招生办本科第一批录取(以当年高招办录取名册为准)，且获得全日制本科学历和学士学位。
录取流程 第一步：报名推荐每年9至12月份，报考飞行学员的学生，就能了解到空军招飞的信息。学生首先需要通过学校报名推荐关。这一关包含两方面，一方面学生争得父母的同意自愿报考，另一方面学生所在学校对照招飞报名条件审查报名资格。符合报名条件的学生，填写《空军航空大学考生报名表》，参加招飞选拔。 第二步：预选初检这一关是以体检为主，检查时采取单项淘汰制，主要通过检测淘汰率高、易检测、占用时间短的项目，包含了外科除握力、肺活量以外，内科的血压、心肺、肝脾、肾脏，眼科的视力、色觉、外眼和耳鼻喉三腔检查。 第三步：文化考 试 依据国家关于普通中学教学大纲要求，对数学英语进行测试，达不到要求者终止检测 第四步：体格检查严格体检，按《空军招收飞行学员体格条件》执行，由空军招飞专业体检医务人员实施，实行单科、单项淘汰制。考生要通过眼科、耳鼻喉科、口腔科、外科、皮肤科、内科、神经精神科和特诊科，近150个小项的全面检查。 第五步：心理选拔按照招飞心理选拔标准和方法，由专业人员通过军事飞行心理选拔测评系统，检测学生是否具备飞行潜质。主要包括飞行基本能力检测、特殊能力检测和专家面试等。 第六步：政治考核通过文化测试、体格检查、心理选拔的学生，确定为招飞政审对象。由政审工作人员指导学生填写相关表格，按军队招飞政治考核标准条件，对学生本人及家庭成员、主要社会关系成员进行调查了解。 第七步：集中选拔大学生在次年5月下旬至6月上旬;高中生在次年6月下旬至7月下旬。在北京全面检测合格的考生(高中生的高考成绩须达到空军招飞集中选拔参检线)，由空军招飞部门负责通知本人，按有关要求，在规定的时间内前往北京参加集中选拔，合格考生正式录取为空军飞行学员。每个考生完成集中选拔通常需要3-5天。录取工作与高考招生录取同步实施，录取结果在网上公布。 第八步：审批录取对参加集中选拔合格的大学生，由空军按计划择优录取。高中生录取分数线由空军划定，实行提前网上单独录取。被录取的学生由空军统一下发《录取通知书》，按照规定的时间到空军航空大学报到。新招收的飞行学员入校后经过三个月考察期，合格者取得学籍、军籍。 空军招飞与民航招飞的区别 培养院校不同空军招收的飞行学员将被送到位于长春市的中国人民解放军空军航空大学，学习航空飞行与指挥专业。民航招飞即国航、南航、东航、海航等航空公司委托高校招收飞行学员，录取考生在中国民用航空飞行学院、南京航空航天大学等高校学习飞行技术专业。 报名条件不同空军招飞以理科生为主，文科生也可报名，但是所占比例较小。民航招飞要求考生是理科应届高中毕业男生，文科生和往届生不能报考。 身体要求不同空军要求考生身高在165-185厘米之间，民航是170-183厘米之间；空军对考生的视力要求是每眼裸眼视力均在C字表0.8以上，而民航要求0.5以上。
Part I Listening Section I Directions: In this part you will hear ten A TC clearances\instructions or statements, each ATC clearances\instructions or statements will be spoken only once. A question will be asked after each ATC clearances\instructions or statements, there are four answers marked a,b,c,and d, choose the most appropriate answer from the four choices according to what you have heard . 1.KLM 567, request return to the airport, because I got a wheel well temperature high indication on my ECAM Question: Why does the flight crew request to come back? a.OAT too high. b.Cabin temperature too high. c.Undercarriage overheating. d.Instruments temperature high. Answer: c 2.UAL 345, negative to take off due to pack 1 and 2 problem, cabin temperature high, request taxi back to the stand. Question: Which system of the aircraft might be wrong? a.Conditioning system b.Hydraulic system c.Electronic system d.Control system Answer: a 3.Iran air 778, request tug to get us back, I can not use my nose wheel steering, I guess there is an oil leakage there on the actuator. I got to go back and check. Question: Why does the pilot want to go back? a.There is unknown damage on the nose. b.There is some wrong with the wheel. c.Taxiing direction can not be controlle d. d.Hydraulic pressure is not availabl e. Answer: c 4.Approach, Gulf air 889, number 2 engine has partially disintegrated, request return for landing. Question: What happened? a.One of the engines has failed. b.Part of one engine departed from the engine. c.One of the auto throttles disengage d. d.Part of the airframe was damaged. Answer: b 5.CA 981, we are standing on the stop way, executing emergency evacuation, request emergency services. Question: What might the crew need? a.fire engines b.first aid
ATA 21 1.当热空气“FAULT”(故障)灯亮时，因为过热，空调面板上： A 热空气调压活门关闭，配平空气活门关闭 B 热空气调压活门打开，配平空气活门关闭 C 热空气调压活门关闭，配平空气活门打开 2. 正常飞行期间，当蒙皮温度低于+35℃时，电子舱通风系统控制冷却空气的温度，方法是： A 增加来自驾驶舱的空气 B 将空气通过蒙皮热交换器 C 向流量系统增加空气 D 将空气抽出机外 3. 冲压空气开关何时使用？ A 任何时候 B 只在压差小于1PSI时 C 只在压差大于1SPI时 D 只在放气活门完全打开时 4. 空调组件控制器主通道故障时会出现什么情况？ A 辅助计算机以备份方式工作，调节不被优化 B 辅助计算机接管工作 C 空调组件失效 5. 空调组件控制器辅助通道故障时会出现什么情况？ A 对空调组件的调节无影响，备份方式失效 B 空调组件失效 C 无影响 6. 空调组件控制器主通道和辅助通道故障时会出现什么情况？ A 通过防冰活门将空调组件的出口温度控制在15℃ B 空调组件关闭 7. 如果热空气压力调节活门打不开，会出现什么情况？ A 优化调节失效 B 温度保持在故障发生时所选择的值 C 无影响 8. 如从APU引气(APU引气活门打开)，空调组件的流量自动选择在： A 高位 B 正常位 C 低位 9. 调温活门是通过下列哪种方法优化温度的： A 增加热空气 B 增加新鲜空气 C 调节空调组件的流量 10. 热空气压力调节活门： A 调节空调组件上游热空气压力 B 在无空气时用弹力打开 C 在管道过热时自动打开 11. PACK流量控制活门被： A 气源操纵，电气控制
Section I Directions:In this part you will hear ten ATC clearances\instructions or statements, each ATC clearances\instructions or statements will be spoken only once. A question will be asked after each ATC clearances\instructions or statements, there are four answers marked a,b,c,and d, choose the most appropriate answer from the four choices according to what you have heard . 1.Speed bird 125, go around, I say again, go around, unknown vehicle is crossing the runway. Question: Why should speed bird 125 go around? a.It can not cross the runway. b.Another aircraft is crossing the runway. c.The crew wants to know who is crossing the runway. d.The crew wants to go around. Answer: b 2.Approach, SAS 345, turning on to 080, we’d like to make a low pass f or visual check. Question: What might probably be the problem? a.Hydraulic system failure. b.Generator failure. https://www.doczj.com/doc/7f4130155.html,nding gear malfunction. d.Air conditioning problem. Answer: c 3.Roger, wind 340, 8 knots, right turn after airborne, contact 121.3, I am cleared. UAL 23 4. Question: What is the pilot doing? a.Ready for take off. b.Ready to approach. c.Ready to lan d. d.Ready to taxi. Answer: a 4.Sabena 334, we can not accept runway 27 in such a downwind. We wish to use runway 09. Question: On which runway will the crew take off? a.r/w 27. b.r/w 09. c.Either of the runway. d.The crew will not takeoff. Answer: b 5.Mansfield, G-VF, we’ve nearly been hit by overtaking traffic on our left. Question: What happened? a.Airmiss. b.Collision c.Turbulence d.Bad separation. Answer: a 6.Lufthansa 863, Lackhead, radar contact lost due to ground clutter, will advise you when contact regained, resume own navigation to the Renton intersection. Question: What happened?
第十一章民用航空器外籍驾驶员执照确认 1、目的 随着各运输航空公司和通用航空事业的发展，外国驾驶员以及我国香港和澳门特别行政区驾驶员的引进呈大幅增长趋势，来自不同国家和地区的驾驶员所持有的外国飞行员执照也各自有不同的标准。根据国际民用航空公约附件1以及中国民用航空规章的规定，在其申请按照CCAR-61部第61.93条依据外国或香港澳门特别行政区驾驶员执照颁发中国驾驶员执照或者依据CCAR-61部第61.95条依据外国或香港澳门特别行政区驾驶员执照颁发认可证书之前，必须对其所持有的外国或香港澳门特别行政区驾驶员执照的有效性和真实性进行认可。对外籍驾驶员执照的认可工作是一项长期繁琐的工作，为了规范这项工作的程序，特制定本工作规范。 3、依据 A. 国际民用航空公约附件1中1.2.2 B. ICAO9379号文件《建立和管理国家人员执照颁发系统的程序手册》第7章 5、执照确认申请、受理和颁发确认函工作程序 A. 向民航总局提出执照确认申请 (1) 各航空公司对其引进的外籍飞行员的外籍执照认可申请工作应当从民航总局官方网 自取寄回
*为必填内容 (2) 上传执照和护照复印件。 B. 受理执照确认申请 民航总局飞行人员执照管理职能管理部门负责办理执照确认的工作人员在网上看到公司提交的申请后，应当在3个工作日内对其申请进行受理。受理工作包括： (1) 确定该驾驶员所持护照是否为与中华人民共和国建交的国家颁发。与中华人民共和国建交国家名单可以由中华人民共和国外交部网站获取（https://www.doczj.com/doc/7f4130155.html,/chn/ziliao/2193/t9650.htm）。附录11-1给出了截至到2006年8月9日与我国建交的国家名单。 (2) 确定该驾驶员所持驾驶员执照是否为国际民用航空公约缔约国颁发。国际民用航空公约缔约国名单可以由ICAO网站上获取（http://www.icao.int/cgi/goto_m.pl?cgi/statesDB4.pl?en）。附录11-2给出了国家民用航空公约缔约国部分清单。 (3) 确定该申请是否提供完整、准确资料，包括其护照复印件、驾驶员执照复印件。 (4) 确定要求提供的特殊材料是否满足要求。澳大利亚民航局CASA要求提供由本人签字的授权澳大利亚民航局将其个人资料公开给中国民用航空总局的授权信函；英国民航局要求提交已向英国民航局缴纳查询费用的收据证明。 (5) 所有条件满足后，应当在5个工作日内向该申请人执照颁发国或地区发送请求执照确认的函件；如不符合要求，应当在1个工作日内退回申请，并详细注明退回原因，如未提交执照复印件、未提交个人授权信等。对于明确为垃圾数据的申请，则需在1个工作日内删除。 C. 中国民用航空总局向执照颁发国或地区提出执照确认申请 在确定受理外籍、驾驶员的执照确认申请后，应当在5个工作日内向其执照所在国、提交执照认可申请。 (1) 查询该驾驶员执照颁发国民航局或香港或澳门特别行政区执照管理部门联系方式。 (2) 按照规定的格式向对方执照管理部门发送电子邮件或传真。 (3) 对发送的申请进行登记。登记内容包括发送执照确认日期、驾驶员姓名、执照颁发国、发送形式（电子邮件、传真）。 D. 打印执照认可函 在收到外国民航当局或香港或澳门特别行政区执照管理部门对颁发的执照确认申请的回复后，应当在3个工作日内对回复内容进行审核，以判断是否可以为该驾驶员颁发执照认可函。 (1) 确定回复所确认的驾驶员信息是否为我方发送的执照确认申请。如该驾驶员确为我方向对方民航当局发送了执照确认申请，则继续下面工作，否则不予受理； (2) 如该驾驶员所在国民航局回复的执照确认函为非汉语或英语语种文字，则应由申请人先交由专业外语翻译公司将对执照确认函回复翻译为中文，并由地区管理局所在地区级以上公证处对翻译进行公证，并将公证书原件送至认可办理办公室，方可继续后续工作。 (3) 登陆外籍驾驶员认可网页，打开该驾驶员基本信息，判断该认可函所示内容是否与该驾驶员提交的信息相符。如认可函与该驾驶员在网站提供的资料（执照号码、执照名称、类别等级、型别等级）完全相符并在有效期内，则在网上详细标明每一栏信息，并点击确定进行认可。如认可函所示内容与该驾驶员在网站提供的资料（执照号码、执照名称、类别等级）符合，型别等级不一致或该执照已过期（包括仪表等级），亦可点击确定认可，但是需要颁发的认可函中明确标明。 (4) 打印执照认可函。根据该驾驶员执照颁发国的执照确认函回复以及上述工作，如无问题，则在特定的带有中国民航航徽及飞行标准司字样的纸张上打印执照认可函。执照认可函以固定模式进行打印，模板参见附录11-3。打印执照认可函文件应当为每个驾驶员一个文
航空领域包括三大部分即：航空制造业、军用航空和民用航空。 航空制造业是航空事业的基础。它拥有大批各类优秀人才，使用最先进的科学技术，制造出各式各样的航空器供给军事航空和民用航空使用。 军事航空是执行空中军事活动任务的航空活动，它是组成一个国家国防力量的重要部分。航空制造业许多最新的技术发明和进展大多首先用于军事航空。军事航空技术的发展对整体航空业的发展起着很大的作用。 民用航空是指与人民生活息息相关的各种航空活动，它是一个庞大的行业，包括航空运输与通用航空两大部分。 先说航空运输，它又可分为航空客运与航空货运两种业务内容。经营这些业务的都是一些大型企业，提供航空服务可获得可观利润，所以也被称之为商业航空。商业航空是交通运输业中的重要组成部分，对国民经济的发展起很大作用。 其次再说说通用航空。它是指某些企业或个人自驾飞机从事的各种活动。一般使用小型飞机或直升机。例如农用播种、灭虫，海上石油钻井平台，空中摄影、旅游、驾驶员学习飞行、私家飞机等等。通用航空灵活机动，用途很多，在发达国家中已是大众飞行的领域，在我国还处于发展阶段。 民航飞行员概念： 民航飞行员，是指从事民用航空事业的飞行员． 从业资格：中国民航空勤登机证等 从业要求：纪守法积极向上无不良犯罪记录 眼科检查：分别有明室和暗室进行 内科检查：外、眼、耳鼻喉科一般检查后进行。 民航飞行员必备的心理品质：
有较强的兴趣和愿望；心胸宽广，性格开朗；大胆果断，意志坚强；情绪稳定，控制力强；理解、记忆等智力水平较高；思维敏捷，反应灵活，四肢协调，方位判断准，模仿能力强。 飞行员从业要求： 遵纪守法、积极向上、无不良犯罪记录、为人忠诚、有志于航空事业发展； 男性身高169-185CM，体重不低于50KG；女性身高160-185CM，体重不低于45KG；学历：高中（含）以上，专业不限； 英语水平良好； 无晕车、晕船； 无骨与关节疾病或畸形； 无口吃；无明显的"O"型或"X"型腿； 矫正视力高于C字表0.5（相当于无散光E字表4.6以上）； 无久治不愈的皮肤病，如头癣、湿疹、牛皮癣、慢性荨麻疹等； 无肾炎或血尿，蛋白尿；无慢性肠胃道疾病； 无肺结核； 无较重的沙眼或倒睫；无肝炎或肝脾肿大； 无耳朵流脓，听力差，经常耳鸣症状； 无精神病家族史，癫痫病史； 无颜面五官明显不对称； 无高血压、心脏病史。 怎样成为一名飞行员 具备了航空器和飞行环境，还需要有人去驾驶这些航空器。通用航空领域的一个重要部分是驾驶员培训，培养有志者成为飞机驾驶员。在以往一般人的心目中，想成为飞行员，那是一件花费昂贵要求极高的事情。但随着航空活动的普及，实现当一名飞机驾驶员的梦想将不会太困难。 国际上通常把飞机驾驶员分成五个等级即：飞行驾驶学员、初级驾驶员、商业飞行驾驶员、飞行教员、航线飞行驾驶员。每升高一个等级对驾驶员的知识、技能、身体及心理素质都有更高的要求。这些要求的标准在我国民航条例第61部(ccAR61)中都有详细规定。由此可见，想成为一名在航空公司工作、飞航班的
飞行员ICAO4考试完整试题 TELAP(SET ELEVEN) 11test 第1 页共11 页 Part I Listening Section I Directions: In this part you will hear ten ATC clearances\instructions or statements, each AT C clearances\instructions or statements will be spoken only once. A question will be asked after each ATC clearances\instructions or statements, there are four answers marked a,b,c,and d, choose the most appropriate answer from the four choices according to what you have heard . 1. UAL 45, we’ve just got a message that you have a home made bomb on board. Descend to 150 and return to the airport. Question: What happened? a. A bomb alert. b. Emergency descent. c. Sick passenger on board. d. Quarantine requirement. Answer: a 2. Hong Kong, Cathy 34, negative to pushback, we just found a mistake in the load sheet. Need to check for a while. Question: What is the problem? a. Tug is not available. b. Pushback is not approved. c. Wrong load sheet. d. Wrong in radio check. Answer: c 3. Approach, Southern 435, it seems we just hit a big bird and power is dropping. Request further instruction to come back. Question: What happened to the aircraft? a. Engine failure. b. Powerplant trouble. c. Bird hit d. Emergency landing. Answer: c 4. North 345, We’re running low on fuel, we cannot hold longer than 5 minutes. Do you know how long the delays will be? Question: What is the crew doing? a. Waiting to refuel. b. Waiting to startup. c. Waiting for further instruction. d. Waiting for pushback. Answer: c 5. C- GH, over mike kilo 2000 feet, landing gear down but maybe not locked. We intend to make a low pass near the tower to have the under carriage checked. Question: What goes wrong? a. Landing gear not extended. b. Landing gear not locked. c. Manual extension unavailable. Page 1
一般情况下，从出国到达航校开始，你的培训就开始了，从达到航校到离开航校之前，英语都是大家学习的重点，这个也是国内航空公司送大家出国培训的一个原因，英语的培训可以分为两个方面，第一是日常英语，这个是大家在国外立足生活的根本。另外一方面的是陆空通话，陆空通话是大家飞行的一个重点，基本的飞行大家都没有问题，但是问题往往就是陆空通话是大家的难点。 飞行的培训一共分为三个大的阶段，私照（PPL）、仪表等级（IR）、多发商照（MECPL），其中每个阶段都是40课。每个阶段一般都分为不同的小的阶段分别对学习的内容进行考核，每小个阶段的考核基本都分为两部分——口试部分和飞行部分，口试部分先进行，如果口试部分不通过，则不进行飞行部分的考试，如果考核不通过则重新和教员进行复习飞行，直到考核通过则进行下一个阶段的学习。 私照（PPL）共分为3个阶段，其中第一阶段为第19课，口试的内容包含：Takeoff and landing Data / Weight and Balance / Weather（起飞着陆的数据的计算/装载和配平的计算/基本的天气信息的获得和分析）、FAR Part 61 and 91（联邦航空飞行条例61部和91部相关内容）、Airspace pertaining to the local airports and practice areas（与飞行训练区和训练机场有关的空域分析）、Performance and Limitations of the PA 28- 181（训练用飞机PA28-181的基本性能参数和限制）；飞行的学习和考核的内容包含：Normal Crosswind Takeoffs（正常和侧风起飞）、Traffic Pattern Operations（起落航线的操作）、Normal and Crosswind Landings（正常和侧风情况下的降落）、Steep Turn（大坡度转弯）、Slow Flight（慢速飞行）、Stalls（失速：带动力和不带动力失速）、Emergency Landings（紧急着陆）、ATC Communications（陆空通话）、Rejected Landing（中断着陆、复飞）。第一阶段的考核通过了就开始了你学习飞行中一个一个重要的经历——单飞（solo），在transpac一共有6次单飞，两次本场飞行，两次练习场飞行和两次转场飞行，通过了第一阶段考试预示着你可以自己单飞了，祝贺你！但是单飞也往往是最容易出现危险的，所以一定要小心，一般情况下在陆空通话中告知管制员你是学员单飞可以获得一定的优待和照顾。享受你的单飞去吧！ 第二个阶段考核是第34课，其中口试的内容包含：Takeoff Data/Weight and Balance/Weather-Reports and Forecasts（起飞和降落数据的计算/装载和配平的计算/天气的报告和预报）、Flight Planning Navigation log, Filing a Flight plan/ NOTAMS/AFD（飞行计划、导航记录单的准备，飞行计划的申报/航行通告的解读/《机场和设备指导》的使用）、VFR Charts and Navigation / Airspace（目视飞行航图的使用和导航/空域的分析）、Performance / High Density Altitude Operations（飞机性能的分析/高密度高度下的操作分析）、Aerodynamics and Principles of Flight / Stall/Spin Awareness（空气动力学和飞行的原理/失速/螺旋的意识）；飞行的学习和考核内容包含：Flight Planning Including Performance Chart（飞行计划的操作，包含飞机性能图的使用）、Cross Country Area Departure（转场飞行时的离场方向判定）、Dead Reckoning Navigation and Use of Magnetic Compass（推算法领航和磁罗盘的应用）、Pilotage（地标领航）、VOR Navigation（VOR 导航）、Opening Flight Plan（飞行计划的激活）、Obtaining in Flight Weather（航行中天
飞行员ICAO考试简介 一、什么是ICAO。根据国际民航组织（ICAO）关于飞行人员英语语言能力的要求，飞标司组织开发了民航飞行人员英语等级考试系统，并组织民航英语方面的专家，对考试系统题库进行了专业审定。目前，系统测试已完成，第一个考点设在中国民航飞行学院考试中心，该考点于2008年4月1日正式启用。该系统作为中国民航推进ICAO关于飞行员英语水平的重要工程，于2007年7月份开始立项，筹备以来，国内多家航空院校和国际知名语言培训机构参与到该系统的建设。为确保考试的科学性、公正性，民航西南地区管理局负责飞行学院考试点的考试工作进行管理和监督。飞行学院负责具体考务工作。 二、ICAO考试内容。如图所示分为四个板块： 第一部分：听力理解。你会听到若干组长达10秒或20秒的对话或陈述，在每组对话或陈述后，会相应地提出一个问题。对话与问题都仅说一次。在问题之后会有一个停顿（17秒左右），你必须阅读ABCD四个选项并点击选出最为正确的一个。应试技巧：这部分题很类似日常英语考试听力单选题，不同之处在于每一题都与民航专业知识紧密相连，范围从从机长的职责到特情处置都有。难点在于，每一题是由不同人士录音而成，并且可能会有杂音干扰。建议大学在准备第一部分时，多多阅读《民航英语阅读教程》，熟悉一些key words，for example, depressurization（释压）fire engine(救火
车), emergency assistance(紧急救援)。如果这些词在辨认、发音上还存在问题，那么要在短时间类听懂并做出正确判断的可能性就微乎其微了。 第二部分短文答问。这部分你会听到一段长达120秒的陆空通话。在通话最后，你会被冲问到3个问题。每个问题提出后，你会听到”beep”声，之后你必须通过麦克风进行口头答问。你的声音会被录制下来。对话听两遍，问题仅听一遍。应试技巧：我认为这部分对大多数同学来说会是个难点，因为在中式传统教学中，这样的考试形式是很陌生的。要在2分钟之内，既听懂发生了什么事，也得记下一些要点，比如：事故发生的情况，此时所在的高度等相关信息。这就要求，陆空通话的理解能力与运用能力，同时还有你自己的英语语言组织能力。我建议这部分有困难的同学，1.找到正确的应试方法。建议第一遍时听懂发生了什么事，第二遍记下细节。不可在慌乱之中出现“盲听”现象，总之，找到适合自己最好的方法来应付考试。 2. 在陆空通话上下功夫。自己听不懂，是由于单词不熟悉，还是没听到，或者是紧张出现“大脑空白”，还是来不及记下关键信息。自己是出于哪个问题，一定先要做好定位，再采取行动解决，比如，若是对陆空通话中数字反应较慢的同学，我建议在课本中找到相应的练习题进行大量练习。又如，对特情“毫无头绪”的同学，我建议你找到《陆空通话》最后几章，首先准确地记忆单词，其次，模仿书上的例子。自己不会说没关系，多去背，模仿别人会说的，这样才能做到胸有成竹。