One’s Self I Sing
This poem was published as “Inscription”in Leaves of Grass (1867) and given its present title in 1871. According to Whitman’s plan, the poem is printed first in his book.
As the title is “One’s Self,”not “Myself”, this already forms the bond between the reader and writer which again it’s what he is conveying in the poem.
In the first stanza, the speaker sings of a simple separate person, but the alliteration lends more powerful symbolism to the words. The repetition seems to indicate that perhaps what he sings is not so simple at all. The poem celebrates the “simple, separate Person”as a physical, moral, intellectual, emotional, and aesthetical being, but declares that when he sings of himself, he uses the “word En-masse”to show that he represents the modern man. While he is one voice, he is speaking for a lot of people.
In the second stanza, the theme changes when the poet refers to the spirit and physical body, and wisdom. Whitman tells us that he speaks for all colors, classes and creeds. He seems to be telling us to live together like one, accepting all. All organs in the body need others to function properly. No person can live without relying on the complete system.
In the last stanza, the poet hammers us with alliteration. Though modern man fights for his freedom and individuality, the greatest freedom he has is his right to live.
Altough Whitman consistently celebrated an average man, he was probably feeling his unique qualities. Divided between faith in democratic equality and belief in the individual rebel against society’s restrictions, he combined the figure of the average man and the superman in his conception of himself. He certainly differed in the hypersensitivity that made him as zealous in pursuing emotional freedom through love as he had been in pursuing social freedom in democracy. He differed also in his frequent, forceful declarations of his democratic love for man (The Female equally with the Male I sing), and he has been considered a homosexual.
Fire and Ice
Desire and hate, believed by some to be the two largest faults of the human race. Robert Frost explains these two ideas in only nine lines. “Fire and Ice”is a perfect example of juxtaposition between fire and ice, or, desire and hate. Both are believed to destroy a person if they succumb to its hold.
Frost begins with saying that some believe the world will end in fire, some believe ice. In other words, some believe that those who desire too much will perish; others believe that hating so much as to put their whole self into it will have the same result. Frost did not mean that having either of these faults meant physical death, more of a death of the spirit. Those who desire things such as power or wealth soon think of nothing else and lose all touch with everything around them; those who hate never enjoy life and lose touch with what truly matters in life. With either one, the
person who suffers from it exists, but does not live.
Throughout the poem Frost also uses a rhyming scheme to separate the two ideas, every word coinciding with fire rhymes, “fire”and “desire,”and everything that coincides with ice rhymes also, “ice,”“twice,”“hate,”and “great.”It helps to emphasize the difference between the two, showing that, although they’re completely different, they have the same affect. “Fire and ice”was inspired by a passage in Canto 32 of Dante’s Inferno, in which the worst offenders of hell, the traitors, are submerged, while in a fiery hell, up to their necks in ice: “a lake so bound with ice, It did not look like water, but like a glass…right clear I saw, where sinners are preserved in ice.”
Frost’s diction also notes that people who commit sins of desire are more common than people who commit sins of hate as it uses the pronoun “those”to describe people who commit sins of desire, suggesting plurality, and that the speaker himself has tasted it before. With his discussion of hatred, there is no mention of his having experienced it, leaving the reader to ponder whether his knowledge of hatred comes mostly from contemplation (“I think I know”) and not from experience.
I.Multiple Choice 1.To commerate the death of his young wife, __________wrote the poem Annabel Lee. a. D.H. Lawrence b. John Milton c. Philip Phreneau d. Edgar Allan Poe 2. In Leisure, ____________ thinks that it is a poor life if “we have no time to stand and stare” a. John Keats b. William Henry Davies c. Alexander Pope d. John Donne 3.. In Amy Lowell’s Falling Snow, the poet says that “When the temple bell rings again/ they will be covered and gone”. “They” here refers to ______ a. the wooden clogs b. footprints c. the pilgrims d. none of the above 4. The “busy archer”in Philip Sydney’s To the Moon refers to____ a. the poet himself b. Cupid c. a comrade-in-arms of the poet d. none of the above 5. “Act____act in the glorious present”is perphaps the most soul-stirring line in _________’s poem A Psalm of Life. a. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow b. Percy Bissy Shelly c. Walt Whitman d. Carl Sandburg 6. In Song of the Rain, _________ paints a rosy picture of happy family life where the poet is “Safe in the House with my boyhood love/ And our children are asleep in the attic above”. a. Kenneth Mackenzie b. Carl Sandburg c. Hugh MacCrae d. Jerard Manley Hopkins 7. “Day brought back my night”is a well-praised phrase from __________’s On His Deceased Wife. a. Edgar Allan Poe b. Robert Frost c. John Milton d. Philip Sydney 8. In James Shirley’s poem Death the Leveller, the word “leveller” means a. something that reduces everything to nothing b. something that brings equality to all c. something that levels the ground d. none of the abov e. 9. What does “Fire” in Robert Frost’s poem Fire and Ice symbolize? a. war b. anger c. love d. desire 10. In John Keat’s poem The Terror of Death, the phrase “unreflecting love” means a. love without calculation b. love without preparation c. love never thought of d. love involving many considerations II.Blank Filling 1.One word is too often ________, For me to ________ it One feeling is too ______distained, For ______ to distain it .
Sonnet 18 William Shakespeare S hall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And of ten is his gold complexion dimm’d; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or n ature’s changing course untrimm’d; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; N or shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee Selected Metaphysical poems by John Donne I. THE FLEA Mark but this flea, and mark in this, How little that which thou deniest me is ; It suck'd me first, and now sucks thee, And in this flea our two bloods mingled be. Thou know'st that this cannot be said A sin, nor shame, nor loss of maidenhead; Yet this enjoys before it woo, And pamper'd swells with one blood made of two ; And this, alas ! is more than we would do. O stay, three lives in one flea spare, Where we almost, yea, more than married are. This flea is you and I, and this Our marriage bed, and marriage temple is. Though parents grudge, and you, we're met, And cloister'd in these living walls of jet. Though use make you apt to kill me, Let not to that self-murder added be, And sacrilege, three sins in killing three.
Hamlet is the first work of literature to look squarely at the stupidity, falsity and sham of everyday life, without laughing and without easy answers. In a world where things are not as they seem, Hamlet…s genuineness, thoughtfulness, and sincerity make him special. Hamlet is no saint. But unlike most of the other characters (and most people today), Hamlet chooses not to compromise with evil. Dying, Hamlet reaffirms the tragic dignity of a basically decent person in a bad world Hamlet is the first work of literature to show an ordinary person looking at the futility and wrongs in life, asking the toughest questions and coming up with honest semi-answers like most people do today. Unlike so much of popular culture today, "Hamlet" leaves us with the message that life is indeed worth living, even by imperfect people in an imperfect world. 犹豫scholars have debated for centuries about Hamlet's hesitation in killing his uncle. Some see it as a plot device to prolong the action, and others see it as the result of pressure exerted by the complex philosophical and ethical issues that surround cold-blooded murder, calculated revenge and thwarted desire. More recently, psychoanalytic critics have examined Hamlet's unconscious desires (Freud concludes that Hamlet has an "Oedipal desire for his mother and the subsequent guilt [is] preventing him from murdering the man [Claudius] who has done what he unconsciously wanted to do". Robinson Crusoe is a grand hero in westerners? eyes. He survived in the deserted island and lived a meaningful life. He almost has everything needed for becoming a successful man, such as his excellent creativity, great working capacity, courage, and persistence in overcoming obstacles. But he has shortcomings, too. Sometimes he was irresolute; he was not confident; he was fetishistic, although his belief had done him much good. He serves somehow as a lighthouse for the ambitious people. It?s also instructive for average people. Robinson was the representative of the bourgeois of the 18th C. It was the time when bourgeois grew stronger and stronger. The author Defoe paid a tribute to bourgeois by creating such a rational, powerful, clever, and successful man. 【Themes of Robinson Crusoe】 1. The ambivalence of mastery In short, while Crusoe seems praiseworthy in mastering his fate by overcoming his obstacles, and controlling his environment, the praiseworthiness of his mastery over his fellow human Friday is more doubtful. Defoe explores the link between the two in his depiction of the colonial mind. 2. The necessity of Repentance Crusoe?s experiences constitute not simply an adventure story in which thrilling things happen, but also a moral tale illustrating the right and wrong ways to live one?s life. Crusoe?s story instruct s others in God?s wisdom, and one vital part of this wisdom is the importance of repenting one?s sins. 3. The Importance of Self-Awareness Crusoe?s arrival on the island does not make him revert to a brute existence and he remains conscious of himself at all times. His island existence actually deepens his self-awareness as he withdraws from the external society and turns inward. The idea that the individual must keep a careful reckoning of the state of his own soul is a key point in the Presbyterian doctrine that the aothor took seriously all his life. ·Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte The protagonist and title character, orphaned as a baby. She is a plain-featured, small and reserved but talented, sympathetic, hard-working, honest and passionate girl. Skilled at studying, drawing, and teaching, she works as a governess at Thornfield Hall and falls in love with her wealthy employer, Edward Rochester. But her strong sense of conscience does not permit her to become his mistress, and she does not return to him until his insane wife is dead and she herself has come into an inheritance. 【Themes of Jane Eyre】 1. Gender relations A particularly important theme in the novel is patriarchalism and Jane…s efforts to assert her own identity within male-dominated society. Among the three of the main male characters,
40首古诗词译文及赏析 1、汉江临泛/ 汉江临眺 唐代：王维 楚塞三湘接，荆门九派通。 江流天地外，山色有无中。 郡邑浮前浦，波澜动远空。 襄阳好风日，留醉与山翁。 译文 汉江流经楚塞又折入三湘，西起荆门往东与九江相通。远望江水好像流到天地外，近看山色缥缈若有若无中。 岸边都城仿佛在水面浮动，水天相接波涛滚滚荡云空。襄阳的风光的确令人陶醉，我愿在此地酣饮陪伴山翁。 鉴赏 此诗可谓王维融画法入诗的力作。 “楚塞三湘接，荆门九派通”，语工形肖，一笔勾勒出汉江雄浑壮阔的景色，作为画幅的背景。春秋战国时期，湖北、湖南等地都属于楚国，而襄阳位于楚之北境，所以这里称“楚塞”。“三湘”，一说湘水合漓水为漓湘，合蒸水为蒸湘，合潇水为潇湘，合称三湘；一说为湖南的湘潭、湘阴、湘乡。古诗文中，三湘一般泛称今洞庭湖南北、湘江一带。“荆门”，山名，在今湖北宜都县西北。“九派”，指长江的九条支流，相传大禹治水，开凿江流，使九派相通。诗人泛舟江上，纵目远望，只见莽莽古楚之地和从湖南方面奔涌而来的“三湘”之水相连接，汹涌汉江入荆江而与长江九派汇聚合流。诗虽未点明汉江，但足已使人想象到汉江横卧楚塞而接“三湘”、通“九派”的浩渺水势。诗人将不可目击之景，予以概写总述，收漠漠平野于纸端，纳浩浩江流于画边，为整个画面渲染了气氛。 “江流天地外，山色有无中”，以山光水色作为画幅的远景。汉江滔滔远去，好像一直涌流到天地之外去了，两岸重重青山，迷迷蒙蒙，时隐时现，若有若无。前句写出江水的流长邈远，后句又以苍茫山色烘托出江势的浩瀚空阔。诗人着墨极淡，却给人以伟丽新奇之感，其效果远胜于重彩浓抹的油画和色调浓丽的水彩。而其“胜”，就在于画面的气韵生动。王世贞说：“江流天地外，山色有无中，是诗家俊语，却入画三昧。”说得很中肯。而“天地外”、“有无中”，又为诗歌平添了一种迷茫、玄远、无可穷尽的意境，所谓“含不尽之意见于言外”。首联写众水交流，密不间发，此联开阔空白，疏可走马，画面上疏密相间，错综有致。 接着，诗人的笔墨从“天地外”收拢，写出眼前波澜壮阔之景：“郡邑浮前浦，波澜动远空。”正当诗人极目远望，突然间风起浪涌，所乘之舟上下波动，眼前的襄阳城郭也随着波浪在江水中浮浮沉沉。风越来越大，波涛越来越汹涌，浪拍云天，船身颠簸，仿佛天空也为之摇荡起来。风浪之前，船儿是平缓地在江面行驶，城郭是静止地立于岸边，远空是不动地悬于天际；风浪忽至，一切都动了起来。这里，诗人笔法飘逸流动。明明是所乘之舟上下波动，却说是前面的城郭在水面上浮动；明明是波涛汹涌，浪拍云天，却说成天空也为之摇荡起来。诗人故意用这种动与静的错觉，进一步渲染了磅礴水势。“浮”、“动”两个动词用得极妙，使诗人笔下之景活起来了，诗也随之飘逸起来了，同时，诗人的一种泛舟江上的怡然自得的心态也从中表现了出来，江水磅礴的气也表现了出来。诗人描绘的景象是泛舟所见，舟中人产生了一种动荡的错觉，这种错觉也正好符合诗句中的汉水的描写，所以这两个词用得极其恰当。 “襄阳好风日，留醉与山翁。”山翁，即山简，晋人。《晋书·山简传》说他曾任征南将军，镇守襄阳。当地习氏的园林，风景很好，山简常到习家池上大醉而归。诗人要与山简共谋一醉，流露出对襄阳风物的热爱之情。此情也融合在前面的景色描绘之中，充满了积极乐观的情绪。尾联诗人直抒胸臆，表达了留恋山水的志趣。 这首诗给读者展现了一幅色彩素雅、格调清新、意境优美的水墨山水画。画面布局，远近相映，疏密相间，加之以简驭繁，以形写意，轻笔淡墨，又融情于景，情绪乐观，这就给人以美的享受。王维同时代的殷璠在《河岳英灵集》中说：“维诗词秀调雅，意新理惬，在泉为珠，着壁成绘。”此诗很能体现这一特色。同时，也
《再别康桥》英汉语版本及诗歌赏析Saying Good-bye to Cambridge Again By Xu Zhimo 再别康桥 徐志摩 Very quietly I take my leave As quietly as I came here Quietly I wave good-bye To the rosy clouds in the western sky 轻轻的我走了 正如我轻轻的来 我轻轻的招手 作别西天的云彩 The golden willows by the riverside Are young brides in the setting sun Their reflections on the shimmering waves Always linger in the depth of my heart 那河畔的金柳 是夕阳中的新娘 波光里的艳影 在我的心头荡漾 The floating heart growing in the sludge Sways leisurely under the water In the gentle waves of Cambridge I would be a water plant 软泥上的青荇 油油的在水底招摇 在康桥的柔波里 我甘心做一条水草 That pool under the shade of elm trees Holds not water but the rainbow from the sky Shattered to pieces among the duckweeds Is the sediment of a rainbow-like dream 那榆荫下的一潭 不是清泉,是天上虹 揉碎在浮藻间 沉淀着彩虹似的梦 To seek a dream? Just to pole a boat upstream To where the green grass is more verdant Or to have the boat fully loaded with starlight And sing aloud in the splendour of starlight 寻梦？撑一支长蒿 向青草更青处漫溯 满载一船星辉 在星辉斑斓里放歌
知人论世鉴古诗——菩萨蛮.书江西造口壁 教学目标： 知识与能力：反复诵读，理解词作的意思，体会思想感情。 过程与方法：反复品味，把握知人论世的诗歌鉴赏方法。 情感态度与价值观：让学生感受宋词魅力，增强对祖国传统文化的热爱。 教学重点：反复品味，理解词作的意思，体会思想感情。 教学难点：把握知人论世的诗歌鉴赏方法。 教学方法及手段:诵读法、品析法、合作探究法多媒体 教学课时：一课时 教学过程： 一、导入：宋词是一颗璀璨的明珠，时过一千多年，依然闪耀着熠熠光辉。开启宋词，在这里，我们能领略到东坡“大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物”的豪放，也能体味到易安“寻寻觅觅、冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚”的缠绵婉约；能听到范文正公“人不寐，将军白发征夫泪”的悲愤呐喊，也能听到柳七郎“杨柳岸，晓风残月”的浅吟低唱。这里有怒发冲冠的报国志，也有窗前明月的故乡情。随口吟咏，都会让我们心中激荡。让我们一起学习辛弃疾的《菩萨蛮?书江西造口壁》 【一】知其人论其世 二、走近作者及背景介绍 （一）走近作者：辛弃疾（1140-1207），南宋豪放派词人、将领。字幼安，号稼轩，历城（今山东济南）人。一生以恢复中原、报国雪耻为志。少年时代—国耻家仇，誓立壮志（先辈和金人有不共戴天之仇；目睹汉人在金人统治下所受的屈辱与痛苦，立下了恢复中原、报国雪耻的志向）；青壮年时期（1140－1181年）力主抗金，仕途坎坷（青壮年时代（1161—1181年）21岁时，金兵大举南侵，他聚众起义,不久投归南宋；25岁时，受南宋朝廷赏识，步入仕途，并献给皇帝《美芹十论》，陈述抗金救国，收复中原的大计。）；中晚年时期（1181－1203年）罢职闲居，壮志难酬（遭受排挤，被罢职不用，近20年赋闲在家。）。晚年时期（1203—1207年）壮志未酬，含恨离世（晚年再备起用，参与北伐战争，再被排挤，又被罢职，只得发出“廉颇老矣，尚能饭否？”的哀叹）。——词人壮志凌云，只叹生在南宋，可谓生不逢时！ （二）背景介绍：公元1176年（宋孝宗淳熙三年）作者任江西提点刑狱，来到造口登临时，俯瞰青山流水，联想起40年前中原沦陷，百姓涂炭的史实。于忧愤中写下了这首词。 三、学习《菩萨蛮?书江西造口壁》
19观沧海 作者：曹操 东临碣石，以观沧海。 水何澹澹，山岛竦峙。 树木丛生，百草丰茂。 秋风萧瑟，洪波涌起。 日月之行，若出其中。 星汉灿烂，若出其里。 幸甚至哉，歌以咏志。 白话译文： 东行登上碣石山，来观赏那苍茫的海。 海水多么宽阔浩荡，山岛高高地挺立在海边。 树木和百草丛生，十分繁茂， 秋风吹动树木发出悲凉的声音，海中涌着巨大的海浪。 太阳和月亮的运行，好像是从这浩瀚的海洋中发出的。 银河星光灿烂，好像是从这浩瀚的海洋中产生出来的。 我很高兴，就用这首诗歌来表达自己内心的志向。 赏析 借景抒情，把眼前的海上景色和自己的雄心壮志很巧妙地融合在一起。《观沧海》的高潮放在诗的末尾，它的感情非常奔放，思想却很含蓄。不但做到了情景交融，而且做到了情理结合、寓情于景。因为它含蓄，所以更有启发性，更能激发我们的想像，更耐人寻味。过去人们称赞曹操的诗深沉饱满、雄健有力，“如幽燕老将，气韵沉雄”，从这里可以得到印证。全诗的基调为苍凉慷慨的，这也是建安风骨的代表作。 20饮酒（其五） 作者：陶渊明 结庐在人境，而无车马喧。 问君何能尔？心远地自偏。 采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。
山气日夕佳，飞鸟相与还。 此中有真意，欲辨已忘言。 白话译文： 我家建在众人聚居的繁华道，可从没有烦神应酬车马喧闹。 要问我怎能如此之超凡洒脱，心灵避离尘俗自然幽静远邈。 东墙下采撷清菊时心情徜徉，猛然抬头喜见南山胜景绝妙。 暮色中缕缕彩雾萦绕升腾，结队的鸟儿回翔远山的怀抱。 这之中隐含的人生的真理，想要说出却忘记了如何表达。 赏析 本诗是陶渊明组诗《饮酒》二十首中的第五首。诗的意象构成中景与意会，全在一偶然无心上。‘采菊’二句所表达的都是偶然之兴味，东篱有菊，偶然采之；而南山之见，亦是偶尔凑趣；山且无意而见，菊岂有意而采？山中飞鸟，为日夕而归；但其归也，适值吾见南山之时，此亦偶凑之趣也。这其中的“真意”，乃千圣不传之秘，即使道书千卷，佛经万页，也不能道尽其中奥妙，所以只好“欲辨已忘言”不了了之。这种偶然的情趣，偶然无心的情与景会，正是诗人生命自我敞亮之时其空明无碍的本真之境的无意识投射。大隐隐于市，真正宁静的心境，不是自然造就的，而是你自己的心境的外化。 千古名句：“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”，表达了诗人悠然自得、寄情山水的情怀。 21送杜少府之任蜀州 作者：王勃 城阙辅三秦，风烟望五津。 与君离别意，同是宦游人。 海内存知己，天涯若比邻。 无为在岐路，儿女共沾巾。 译文 古代三秦之地，拱护长安城垣宫阙。 风烟滚滚，望不到蜀州岷江的五津。
Part One：English Poetry 1.William Shakespeare Sonnet 18 ?Why does the poet compare `thee` to a summer?s day? And who could `thee` be? Because summer?s day and thee both represent beauty . thee could be beauty, love. ?What picture have you got of English summer, and could you explain why? Warm, beautiful, sunshine. Because summer is the best season of a year ,the most beautiful season. It is like our May. ?How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line? Thee is more beautiful than summer. ?What makes the poet think that “thou” can be more fair than summer and immortal? Because humanism is more eternal than summer and immortal. ?What figures of speech are used in this poem? Simile, metaphor, personification, oxymoron and so on . ?What is the theme of the poem? Love conquers all, Beauty lives on. 2. Thomas Nashe Spring ?Read the poem carefully, pay attention to those image- bearing words, and see how many images the poet created in the poem and what sense impressions you can get from those images. There is “Blooms each thing, maids dance in a ring, the pretty birds do sing, the palm and may make country houses gay, Lambs frisk' and play, the shepherds pipe all day, And we hear aye birds tune this merry lay, The fields breathe sweet, the daisies kiss our feet, Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit, In every street these tunes bur ears do greet!” The “Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit，”impressions me most because of the harmony of the people?s relationship. ?Can you point out and explain the sound and their musical effect in the poem? In the Poem, each section has four lines, each line has ten syllables ( five tone step ) . In order to give the reader a spring breeze , streams , flowers , winding , Song Xin texture of sound and light flavor, Naixi greater uses English word S , z , f , V , R , L , and θconsonants means. In Naixi's poem, the use of phonological is also very harmonious, very smooth , very mellow. Section I of the poetry has Three pairs [ ing ] , section II of the poem has three pairs [ ei ] and the third quarter has three pairs [ i : ]. 3.John Donne A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning ?What is a “valediction” any way? Is the speaker in the poem about to die? Why does the speaker forbid mourning? No, it is about the lover s?separation. As the poem metaphors, the poet believed he and his wife?s love is sacred, he didn?t hope they cry when separation comes, let their love be stained by the ordinary and mundane.
中文学院 0901班向志敏学号：序号：35 用“以意逆志”与“知人论世”的方法鉴赏诗歌我国是诗歌的国度，诗歌历史悠久。如果从《诗经》算起，已经有三千多年的历史了。古人把自己的所见所闻、所思所感写成诗歌。这些诗歌已经流传了千百年。那么，我们如何穿越时空去理解那些诗歌的内容和主旨呢其实古人已经摸索和总结了很多的诗歌鉴赏理论。其中两千多年前的孟子提出了一个重要的诗歌鉴赏理论——以意逆志、知人论世。 孟子在《孟子?万章上》说：“说诗者，不以文害辞，不以辞害志，以意逆志，是为得之。”其中“以意逆志”中的“意”，一是作者之意，二是读者之意，这里主要是说读者之意。“志”既指作者之志又指作品之志，作品之志大多反映了作者之志。“逆”的意思较多，一是迎受、接纳的意思；二可指考证、探究；三还可指追溯、反求。这句话的意思是读者以“己意”去“逆”作者作品之志，从作者在作品中字里行间透露出的思想感情去逆行推理，得出带有自己个性的对作品的诠释。这个方法的运用主要是通过对诗句、文辞的准确解读，来窥见作品意旨、作者情感并且把自己的生活体验和主观感受融入欣赏过程中。 在诗歌鉴赏中如果不用“以意逆志”的方法，就很容易误解诗人的诗句。有人说，李白的“黄河之水天上来”是一句梦话。其实不然。如果运用“以意逆志”的方法，我们就可以轻松的理解这句诗的含义：由于诗人向黄河上游望去，看到水天相接的磅礴气势，写出他真实的内心感受和体验，也符合常人的感觉。用意并不注重说明黄河的真正源头在那里。再如杜甫诗中的“朱门酒肉臭”一句，有人则发出“肉可以臭，酒怎么会臭”的疑问。其实这种疑问的提出正式死扣词句，以文害辞的写照。“酒肉”借代朱门富户的奢华生活，不可硬拆来理解。又如明朝人杨慎改杜牧《江南春》绝句，以为“千里莺啼绿映红，水村山郭酒旗风”中，“千”应为“十”，原因是“千里绿映红谁人见得，千里莺啼谁人听得”而昔人何文焕在《历代词话考索》中提出批评：“即作十里，亦未必尽听得着看得见。此诗之意，意既广不得专指一处，故总而命曰《江南春》，诗家善立题者也。”何文焕的批评是有道理的。他的批评，指出了体现了对这种死扣词句的做法的否定，其实也暗合了“以意逆志”的诗歌理解的方法。 从上面的例子我们可以看到，学者要想通过自己的理解和体验去把握作者之
2014年高考诗歌阅读真题与赏析资料汇编 一、（新课标卷Ⅰ）阅读下面这首宋词，完成8～9题。 阮郎归无名氏① 春风吹雨绕残枝，落花无可飞。小池寒渌欲生漪，雨晴还日西。 帘半卷，燕双归。讳愁无奈眉②。翻身整顿着残棋，沉吟应劫迟③。 [注]①作者一作秦观。②讳愁：隐瞒内心的痛苦。③劫：围棋术语。 8．词上半阕的景物描写对全词的感情抒发起了什么作用？请结合内容分析。(5分) 【试题答案】奠定了词的情感基调。春风吹雨，残红满地，词一开始就给人以掩抑低回之感； 接下来写风雨虽停，红日却已西沉，凄凉的氛围非但没有解除，反而又被抹上了一层暗淡的暮色。 【试题考点】鉴赏诗歌的表达技巧——结构作用 【试题解析】词的上阕主要在写景，描写的是凄凉的景象场面：丝丝细雨被和暖的春风吹送着， 飘洒在繁花落尽的树枝上。满地落花被雨水浇湿，再也飞舞不起来了。池塘里碧绿的水面上随风荡 起微微的波纹。雨晴了，一轮斜阳依旧出现在西方的天空上。在“哀”的暮春景色中，抒发的是一 种“哀”情，奠定了全词的感情基调。 9．末尾两句表现了词中人物什么样的情绪？是如何表现的？请简要阐述。(6分) 【试题答案】末尾两句表现了词中人物思绪纷乱、无法排遣的愁情。是通过人物自身的动作来 表现的。回身整理残棋并想续下，借以转移愁情，可又因心事重重，以致犹豫不决，落子迟缓。 【试题考点】分析评价诗歌的思想内容 【试题解析】下阕写当主人公在百无聊赖中卷起珠帘，恰恰看到燕子成双成对地飞来飞去。这更加勾起了女主人公的一怀愁绪。这种愁绪实在难以排遣，满心想加以掩饰，无奈却在紧蹙的双眉 中显露出来。于是只好强打精神，翻身起来，继续下那盘没有下完的棋。岂料应劫之际，她竟然举 棋不定，沉吟半晌，难以落子。最后两句借续下残棋的动作来表达自己难以排遣的愁情。 【《阮郎归》诗歌赏析】“春风”二句起调低沉，一开始就给人以掩抑低回之感。春风吹雨已 自凄凉，而花枝已凋残矣，风雨仍依旧吹打不舍，景象更为惨淡。“落花无可飞”，写残红满地， 沾泥不起，比雨绕残枝，又进一层，表面上写景，实际上渗透着悲伤情绪。两句为全篇奠定了哀婉 的基调。 三、四句写雨霁天晴，按理色调应该转为明朗，情绪应该转为欢快。可是不然，词的感情旋律 仍旧脱离不了低调。盖风雨虽停，而红日却已西沉。因此凄凉的氛围非但没有解除，反而又被抹上 了一层暮色。 词的下阕，由写景转入抒情，仍从景物引起。“帘半卷，燕双归”，开帘待燕，亦闺中常事， 而引起下句如许之愁，无他，“双燕”的“双”字作怪耳。其中燕归又与前面的花落相互映衬。花 落已引起红颜易老的悲哀；燕归来，则又勾起不见所欢的惆怅。燕双人独。怎能不令人触景生愁， 于是迸出“讳愁无奈眉”。 一个警句。所谓“讳愁”，并不是说明她想控制自己的感情，掩抑内心的愁绪，而是言“愁” 的一种巧妙的写法。“讳愁无奈眉”，就是对双眉奈何不得，双眉紧锁，竟也不能自主地露出愁容，语似无理，却比直接说“愁上眉尖”艺术性高多了。 结尾二句，紧承“讳愁”句来。因为愁词无法排遣，所以她转过身来，整顿局上残棋，又从而 着之，借以移情，可是着棋以后，又因心事重重，落子迟缓，难以应敌。这个结尾通过词中人物自 身的动作，生动而又准确地反映了纷乱的愁绪。 二、（新课标卷II）古代诗歌阅读（11分） 阅读下面两首诗，完成8-9题。 含山店梦觉作 [唐]韦庄 曾为流离惯别家，等闲挥袂客天涯。灯前一觉江南梦，惆怅起来山月斜。 1
William Wordsworth ?What are the main features of Wordsworth’s poetry? ?back to nature ?deep love of nature ?appeal to individual sensations ?attention to humble folk of rural life ?simplicity and purity in language I travelled among unknown men 这首诗是采用民谣体创作的经典之作，浪漫主义产生了一定的促进作用。它的主题是诗人对露西和对祖国英格兰深深爱恋，意境凄美，感情真挚自然。 从韵律上看，这首诗的前三个诗节压的是行尾交叉韵（单数诗句四音部抑扬格，双数诗句三音部抑扬格交替转换），最后一诗节韵式为成对韵。 露西之死可以从诗的最后一句中——“露西，她最后一眼望见的”——可以看出，《露西》组诗的另外几首也可以作为旁证。露西死了，但是露西永远活在诗人心中，虽死犹生。露西是完美的，她死了，是因为现实中不存在这样完美的人。 lines composed a few miles above Tintern Abbey赏析 It is in blank verse. One of the major themes of the poem is - people\'s change over time.The title is very clear and literary gives us all the necessary informations like, time, place, date etc. which helps us to understand the poem. Imagination also plays very important role here. His longing to return to this special place a few miles above Tintern Abbey which he absolutely adores. We can see he has been away from this place for five years, and he always thinks about this magical place with its steep lofty cliffs and its beautiful scenery. the poem is about nature and how the speaker revoke his memory when he was in that location. She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways 在韵律上，此诗采用谣曲形式（四音步抑扬格与三音步抑扬格相间押交韵），这些语言形式的特点也与诗中乡村姑娘的形象贴合得当，和谐统一。 描写的是一位普通的苏格兰少女。尽管她“美丽如星”，却生在“人迹罕至的乡野”，既得不到人的赞美，也得不到人的怜爱；更可惜的是，她小小年纪便默默无闻地死去了。诗中的感伤气氛和诗人哀怜的情绪，正是这种至性深情的自然流露，使诗句充满感染力。 从艺术手法上看，此诗似无技巧，其实是浑然天成，不露痕迹。如果我们细细阅读，就可看出此诗处处暗含对比。第二小节则连用两个比喻来进行对比。第三小节则是生与死的对比，生不为人知，死亦不为人闻，这说明她的命运是多么可怜。composed upon westminster bridge赏析 a sonnet describing London and the River Thames, viewed from Westminster Bridge in the early morning.