Unit1
12 I suspect not everyone who loves the country would be happy living the way we do. It takes a couple of special qualities. One is a tolerance for solitude. Because we are so busy and on such a tight budget, we don't entertain much. During the growing season there is no time for socializing anyway. Jim and Emily are involved in school activities, but they too spend most of their time at home.
我想，不是所有热爱乡村的人都会乐意过我们这种生活的。这种生活需要一些特殊的素质。其一是耐得住寂寞。由于我们如此忙碌，手头又紧，我们很少请客。在作物生长季节，根本就没工夫参加社交活动。吉米和埃米莉虽然参加学校的各种活动，但他俩大多数时间也呆在家里。
13 The other requirement is energy -- a lot of it. The way to make self-sufficiency work on a small scale is to resist the temptation to buy a tractor and other expensive laborsaving devices. Instead, you do the work yourself. The only machinery we own (not counting the lawn mower) is a little three-horsepower rotary cultivator and a 16-inch chain saw.
另一项要求是体力――相当大的体力。小范围里实现自给自足的途径是抵制诱惑，不去购置拖拉机和其他昂贵的节省劳力的机械。相反，你要自己动手。我们仅有的机器（不包括割草机）是一台3马力的小型旋转式耕耘机以及一架16英寸的链锯。
14 How much longer we'll have enough energy to stay on here is anybody's guess -- perhaps for quite a while, perhaps not. When the time comes, we'll leave with a feeling of sorrow but also with a sense of pride at what we've been able to accomplish. We should make a fair profit on the sale of the place, too. We've invested about $35,000 of our own money in it, and we could just about double that if we sold today. But this is not a good time to sell. Once economic conditions improve, however, demand for farms like ours should be strong again.
没人知道我们还能有精力在这里再呆多久--也许呆很长一阵子，也许不是。到走的时候，我们会怆然离去，但也会为自己所做的一切深感自豪。我们把农场出售也会赚相当大一笔钱。我们自己在农场投入了约35，000美金的资金，要是现在售出的话价格差不多可以翻一倍。不过现在不是出售的好时机。但是一旦经济形势好转，对我们这种农场的需求又会增多。
15 We didn't move here primarily to earn money though. We came because we wanted to improve the quality of our lives. When I watch Emily collecting eggs in the evening, fishing with Jim on the river or enjoying an old-fashioned picnic in the orchard with the entire family, I know we've found just what we were looking for.
但我们主要不是为了赚钱而移居至此的。我们来此居住是因为想提高生活质量。当我看着埃米莉傍晚去收鸡蛋，跟吉米一起在河上钓鱼，或和全家人一起在果园里享用老式的野餐，我知道，我们找到了自己一直在寻求的生活方式。
Donna Barron describes how American family life has changed in recent years. She identifies three forces at work. What are they? Read on to find out. Then ask yourself whether similar forces are at work within China. Will family life here end up going in the same direction?
唐娜·巴伦描述了美国家庭生活近几年来的变化。她指出有三种力量在起作用。是哪三种力量？请读本文。读后问一下自己，同样的力量在中国是否也在起作用。中国的家庭生
活最终是否会朝着同一个方向变化？
II. Translation
1. We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor.
2. My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over (responsibility for) my upbringing at that point.
3. The toys have to meet strict/ tough safety requirements before they can be sold to children.
4. Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion.
5. When it comes to this magazine, it is/ carries a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world.
A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive position and opened/ set up a household device store in her neighborhood. People like Nancy made the decision primarily for the improvement in the quality of their lives.
But, to run a small business on a small scale is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expense. Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premium for the various kinds of insurance she needed.
Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life.
Unit2
4 Yet this stop was only part of a much larger mission for me. Josiah Henson is but one name on a long list of courageous men and women who together forged the Underground Railroad, a secret web of escape routes and safe houses that they used to liberate slaves from the American South. Between 1820 and 1860, as many as 100,000 slaves traveled the Railroad to freedom.
但此地只是我所承担的繁重使命的一处停留地。乔赛亚·亨森只是一长串无所畏惧的男女名单中的一个名字，这些人共同创建了这条“地下铁路”，一条由逃亡线路和可靠的人家组成的用以解放美国南方黑奴的秘密网络。在1820年至1860年期间，多达十万名黑奴经由此路走向自由。
5 In October 2000, President Clinton authorized $1
6 million for the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center to honor this first great civil-rights struggle in the U. S. The center is scheduled to open in 2004 in Cincinnati. And it's about time. For the heroes of the Underground Railroad remain too little remembered, their exploits still largely unsung. I was intent on telling their stories. 2000年10月，克林顿总统批准拨款1600万美元建造全国“地下铁路”自由中心，以此纪念美国历史上第一次伟大的民权斗争。中心计划于2004年在辛辛那提州
建成。真是该建立这样一个中心的时候了。因为地下铁路的英雄们依然默默无闻，他们的业绩依然少人颂扬。我要讲述他们的故事。
II. Translation
1. Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis.
2. Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement.
3. According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials.
4. Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once.
5. Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world.
Shortly after he achieved freedom Henson became intent on assisting fugitive slaves. He secretly returned to the United States from Canada several times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. Once some slave catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run. He disguised them and successfully avoided capture. Later he built a small settlement in Dresden in Canada for escaped slaves, setting up a chapel and a school. He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed.
Unit3
4 It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up to a police station or private guard firm. Many suburban families have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open.
取而代之的是防盗锁、防护链、电子报警系统，以及连接警署或私人保安公司的报警装置。郊区的许多人家在露台上安装了玻璃滑门，内侧有装得很讲究的钢条，这样就没人能把门撬开。
5 It is not uncommon, in the most pleasant of homes, to see pasted on the windows small notices announcing that the premises are under surveillance by this security force or that guard company. 在最温馨的居家，也常常看得到窗上贴着小小的告示，称本宅由某家安全机构或某个保安公司负责监管。
6 The lock is the new symbol of America. Indeed, a recent public-service advertisement by a large insurance company featured not charts showing how much at risk we are, but a picture of a child's bicycle with the now-usual padlock attached to it.
锁成了美国的新的象征。的确，一家大保险公司最近的一则公益广告没有用图表表明我们所处的危险有多大，而是用了一幅童车的图片，车身上悬着如今无所不在的挂锁。
7 The ad pointed out that, yes, it is the insurance companies that pay for stolen goods, but who is going to pay for what the new atmosphere of distrust and fear is doing to our way of life? Who is going to make the psychic payment for the transformation of America from the Land of the Free to the Land of the Lock?
广告指出，没错，确是保险公司理赔失窃物品，但谁来赔偿互不信任、担心害怕这种新氛围对我们的生活方式所造成的影响呢？谁来对美国从自由之国到锁之国这一蜕变作出精神赔偿呢？
8 For that is what has happened. We have become so used to defending ourselves against the new atmosphere of American life, so used to putting up barriers, that we have not had time to think about what it may mean.
因为那就是现状。我们已经变得如此习惯于保护自己不受美国生活新氛围的影响，如此习惯于设置障碍，因而无暇考虑这一切意味着什么。
II. Translation
1.1) The Internet is changing the way people live, (no matter) whether they are in urban or rural areas.
2)Medium-sized and small companies are more vulnerable to the threat of the global economic crisis than large ones.
3) With regard to our term paper, the professor asked us to analyze the unemployment chart first, and then provide critical reflections on the nations economic development.
4)It never occurred to him that their team would win the basketball match by a large margin.
5) Looking back on my twenty years' teaching in high school, I attribute my success to patience, talent, and the constant pursuit of knowledge.
2. It is almost impossible to keep a determined burglar out. All you can do is discourage him for a few minutes. Thus exposing him to police patrols. Common sense tells us that lighting is a barrier to criminal activity. A light should be fixed in the doorway and switched on at night. Make sure/Assure yourself that you don't leave the door on the latch if you happen to be the last to come in. If you decide to buy a sophisticated electronic alarm system, be sure to ask for its signs and put them up on both windows and doors. In addition you may have it hooked up to a police station.
Unit4
19、Einstein's parents sometimes took Albert to parties. No babysitter was required: Albert sat on the couch, totally absorbed, quietly doing math problems while others danced around him. Pencil and paper were Albert's GameBoy!
20、He had impressive powers of concentration. Einstein's sister, Maja, recalled "...even when
there was a lot of noise, he could lie down on the sofa, pick up a pen and paper, precariously balance an inkwell on the backrest and engross himself in a problem so much that the background noise stimulated rather than disturbed him."
24、Einstein was clearly intelligent, but not outlandishly more so than his peers. "I have no special talents," he claimed, "I am only passionately curious." And again: "The contrast between the popular assessment of my powers ... and the reality is simply grotesque." Einstein credited his discoveries to imagination and pesky questioning more so than orthodox intelligence.
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的父母有时拿去参加聚会。没有保母被要求:艾伯特坐在沙发上,完全吸收,静静地做数学问题,而别人他手舞足蹈。铅笔和纸是爱因斯坦的GameBoy !
他有令人印象深刻的专注力。爱因斯坦的妹妹,Maja,回忆”…即使有一个很大的噪音,他可以躺在沙发上,拿起一支笔和纸,不会不平衡的靠背和自己在一个问题不用那么背景噪音刺激而不是令他不安。”
爱因斯坦显然是聪明的,而不是出奇多的人。“我没有特别的人才,”他说,“我现在才只有热情地好奇。”又说:“之间的对比的评估我的力量流行…而事实是简单的怪诞的。“爱因斯坦赞扬了他的发现的想象力和讨厌的质疑甚至比传统智慧。
II. Translation
1.1) The volunteers sent/assigned by the Red Cross disinfected, with great caution, the drinking water in the village so as to avoid an outbreak of plague.
2)Einstein spent many years trying to unify the theories of electromagnetism and gravity but failed.
3)Professor Wang received/won the Presidential Award for his excellence in stimulating students' creative imagination.
4) As there were some major design flaws, the board of directors didn't approve of the economic stimulus package.
5) Having realized that nobody could help him, Jordan finally came to the conclusion that he had to face reality and take up/meet the challenge by himself.
2. What was remarkable about 2005 was perhaps that the UN declared it "The World Year of Physics". It was the 100th anniversary of Einstein's theory of relativity and the 50th anniversary of his death. In 1905 Einstein published five highly important essays in the history of science, thus revolutionizing physics. His great achievements can be credited to his impressive powers of imagination, constant questioning, and not giving a fig for authority. It is beyond doubt that Einstein was the greatest scientist in the 20th century.
Unit5
21 Always the college professor, my dad had carefully avoided anything he considered too sentimental, so I knew how moved he was to write me that, after having helped educate many young people, he now felt that his best results included his own son.
身为大学教授的爸爸向来特别留意不使用任何过于感情化的文字，因此，当他对我
写道，在教了许许多多的年轻人之后，他认为自己最优秀的学生当中也包括自己的儿子时，我知道他是多么地感动。
22 The Reverend Nelson wrote that his decades as a "simple, old-fashioned principal" had ended with schools undergoing such swift changes that he had retired in self-doubt. "I heard more of what I had done wrong than what I did right," he said, adding that my letter had brought him welcome reassurance that his career had been appreciated.
纳尔逊牧师写道，他那平凡的传统校长的岁月随着学校里发生的如此迅猛的变化而结束，他怀着自我怀疑的心态退了休。“说我做得不对的远远多于说我做得对的，”他写道，接着说我的信给他带来了振奋人心的信心：自己的校长生涯还是有其价值的。
23 A glance at Grandma's familiar handwriting brought back in a flash memories of standing alongside her white rocking chair, watching her "settin' down" some letter to relatives. Character by character, Grandma would slowly accomplish one word, then the next, so that a finished page would consume hours. I wept over the page representing my Grandma's recent hours invested in expressing her loving gratefulness to me -- whom she used to diaper!
一看到外祖母那熟悉的笔迹，我顿时回想起往日站在她的白色摇椅旁看她给亲戚写信的情景。外祖母一个字母一个字母地慢慢拼出一个词，接着是下一个词，因此写满一页要花上几个小时。捧着外祖母最近花费不少工夫对我表达了充满慈爱的谢意，我禁不住流泪――从前是她给我换尿布的呀。
Unit6
18 Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor beneath them. He was past sixty and had a long white beard curling down over his chest. Despite looking the part, Behrman was a failure in art. For forty years he had been always about to paint a masterpiece, but had never yet begun it. He earned a little by serving as a model to those young artists who could not pay the
price of a professional. He drank gin to excess, and still talked of his coming masterpiece. For the rest he was a fierce little old man, who mocked terribly at softness in any one, and who regarded himself as guard dog to the two young artists in the studio above.
老贝尔曼是住在两人楼下底层的一个画家。他已年过六旬，银白色蜷曲的长髯披挂胸前。贝尔曼看上去挺像艺术家，但在艺术上却没有什么成就。40年来他一直想创作一幅传世之作，却始终没能动手。他给那些请不起职业模特的青年画家当模特挣点小钱。他没节制地喝酒，谈论着他那即将问世的不朽之作。要说其他方面，他是个好斗的小老头，要是谁表现出一点软弱，他便大肆嘲笑，并把自己看成是楼上画室里两位年轻艺术家的看护人。
19 Sue found Behrman smelling strongly of gin in his dimly lighted studio below. In one corner was a blank canvas on an easel that had been waiting there for twenty-five years to receive the first line of the masterpiece. She told him of Johnsy's fancy, and how she feared she would, indeed, light and fragile as a leaf herself, float away, when her slight hold upon the world grew weaker. Old Behrman, with his red eyes plainly streaming, shouted his contempt for such foolish imaginings.
苏在楼下光线暗淡的画室里找到了贝尔曼，他满身酒味刺鼻。屋子一角的画架上支着一张从未落过笔的画布，在那儿搁了25年，等着一幅杰作的起笔。苏把约翰西的怪念头跟他说了，并说约翰西本身就像一片叶子又瘦又弱，她害怕要是她那本已脆弱的生存意志再软下去的话，真的会凋零飘落。老贝尔曼双眼通红，显然是泪涟涟的，他大声叫嚷着说他蔑视这种傻念头。
20 "What!" he cried. "Are there people in the world foolish enough to die because leafs drop off from a vine? I have never heard of such a thing. Why do you allow such silly ideas to come into that head of hers? God! This is not a place in which one so good as Miss Johnsy should lie sick. Some day I will paint a masterpiece, and we shall all go away. Yes."
“什么！”他嚷道。“世界上竟然有这么愚蠢的人，因为树叶从藤上掉落就要去死？我听都没听说过这等事。你怎么让这种傻念头钻到她那个怪脑袋里？天哪！这不是一个像约翰西小姐这样的好姑娘躺倒生病的地方。有朝一日我要画一幅巨作，那时候我们就离开这里。真的。”
U n i t1 1. 任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote. 2. 每学期开学前，这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship) A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester. 3. 遵照医生的建议，我决定戒烟。(on the advice of) On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking. 4. 公园位于县城的正中央。(be located in) The park is located right in the center of town. 5. 这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire. 1. 他们花了多年的时间寻找内心的平静，但是收效甚微。(search for) They spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success. 2. 这种新药的成功研制已经使许多疾病的治疗发生了根本性的变革。
如果他一开始谈论过去，你就永远都没法从他那儿脱身。（get away from） If he starts talking about the past, you'll never get away from him. 2. 冬天失业率有上升的趋势。（tendency） There is a tendency for job losses to rise in the winter. 3. 在我不断地要求下，父亲终于同意和我一起去澳大利亚了。（frequent） Because of my frequent demands, father finally agreed to go to Australia with me. 4. 他把老店卖了，开了一家新店，以便赚更多的钱。（make money） He sold his shop and opened a new one to make more money. It is more than just clothing and hairstyles that are in style one year and out of date the next; it's a whole way of living. 迅速变化的不仅仅只是一年流行而第二年就过时的服饰和发型，而是整个生活方式。 2. In 1981, for example, an unknown elderly woman appeared in a TV advertisement in which she looked at a very small hamburger and complained loudly, "Where's the beef?" 比如，1981年，一位名不见经传的老妇人出现在一个电视广告里，她看着一只很小的汉堡包，大声抱怨道：“牛肉呢？” 3. Although clothing designers influence fads in fashion because they want to make money, this desire for money doesn't explain fads in other areas, such as language. 尽管时装设计师影响时装潮流为的是赚钱，但这种赚钱的欲望并不能解释其他方面的时尚，例如语言。 4. However, in the United States, there is an additional reason for fads: most Americans seem to feel that something is wrong if there isn't frequent change in their lives. 但是，在美国，时尚的发生另有原因：大多数美国人似乎觉得，如果他们的生活没有发生频繁的变化，那一定有什么地方不对劲了。 1. 我们应该从失败中吸取教训, 这是很重要的。（learn a lesson from） It is important for us to learn a lesson from the failure. 2. 他相信自己想当证券经纪人的梦想总有一天会实现。（come true） He believes that one day his dream of becoming a stockbroker will come true. 3. 很多学生最后从事的工作不需要用到所学的知识。（end up） Many students end up doing jobs that do not make use of what they have learnt. 4. 我一提到他的名字，母亲就变得很不开心。（as soon as） As soon as I mentioned his name, my mother became very unhappy. Helen was in her 60s, had red hair, and tons of self-respect—something I was really lacking. 海伦六十多岁，红头发，自尊心很强——这是我当时真正缺乏的东西。 2. When I helped out in the kitchen, for example, nothing made me feel better than preparing the eggs and serving them just the way the customers wanted. 比如，我在厨房里帮忙的时候，没有什么比完全按照顾客希望的方式做好鸡蛋、给他们端上更让我感到高兴的了。 3. Thanks to the confidence I picked up from Helen, I dreamed of having my own restaurant one day. 因为从海伦那里学到了自信，我梦想着有一天能拥有自己的餐馆。 4. I know I could do so much more if somebody would just have faith in me. 我知道，只要有人相信我，我还能做很多事情。 1. 只要你经常锻炼，你又会变得健康起来。（as long as） As long as you get regular exercise, you will become healthy again.
英语考试翻译复习资料 Unit1 Have you ever complained about your memory because you find it simply impossible to memorize all the new words you are learning? But, in fact, it is not your memory that is at fault. If you cram your head with too many new words at a time, some of them are bound to be crowded out. What you need to do is to deal with new words in different ways according to how frequently they occur in everyday use. While active words demand constant practice and useful words must be committed to memory, words that do not often occur in everyday situations require just a nodding acquaintance. 你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有生词而抱怨自己的记忆力太差？其实，责任并不在你的记忆力。如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑，必定有一些生词会被挤出来。你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。积极词汇需要经常练习，有用的词汇必须牢记，而在日常情况下不常出现的词只需见到时认识即可。 It is true that there are few situations at school where you have to communicate in English, but you can seek out opportunities to practice speaking the language. Talking with your classmates, for example, can be an easy and enjoyable way to get some practice. Also try to find native speakers on your campus and feel free to talk with them. Perhaps the easiest way to practice speaking is to rehearse aloud, since this can be done at any time, in any place, and without a partner. For instance, you can look at pictures or objects around you and try to describe them in detail. You can also rehearse everyday situations. After you have made a purchase in a shop or finished a meal in a restaurant and paid the check, pretend that all this happened in an English-speaking country and try to act it out in English. 的确，在学校里必须用英语进行交流的场合并不多，但你还是可以找到练习讲英语的机会。例如，跟你的同班同学进行交谈可能就是得到一些练习的一种轻松愉快的方式。还可以找校园里以英语为母语的人跟他们随意交谈。或许练习讲英语最容易的方式是高声朗读，因为这在任何时间，任何地方，不需要搭档就可以做到。例如，你可以看着图片或身边的物件，试着对它们详加描述。你还可以复述日常情景。在商店里购物或在餐馆里吃完饭付过账后，假装这一切都发生在一个讲英语的国家，试着用英语把它表演出来。 Unit2 The next night, the blackest he had ever known, the sea became so rough that the boat almost turned over. Food, clothes, and broken glass were all mixed together. Fortunately, the damage to the boat was not too serious. Chichester calmly got into bed and went to sleep. When he woke up, the sea had become calm again. Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he
大学英语 2 1) 美国人一般早早就安排好他们的退休生活。 Americans usually make plans for their retirement well in advance. 2) 他们通常被看做最有希望的歌手。 They are commonly regarded as the most promising singers. 3) 我从你的推荐人那里听说雇主曾给他们打过电话。 I’ve heard from your references that the employer had called them. 4) 请告诉我们具体时间，以便我们做好适当的准备。 Would you please inform us the exact date so that we can make proper arrangements. 5) 我们对出席派对人数的估计与实际来的人数相差了一大截。 Our estimate of how many people would show up at the party missed by a mile. 6) 只要不成为阅读负担，你的报告可以包括足够多的细节。 Your report can include enough details without being a burden to read. Page21: 6 .Pay attention to the italicized parts in the English sentences and translate the Chinese sentences by simulating the structure of the English sentences. 1. ▲Although invitations are usually sent through the mail, informal invitations such as e-mail and phone invitations are becoming more acceptable. (虽然邀请函通常通过信函方式发出，但目前像电子邮件、电话邀请等非正式邀请越来越被普遍使用。) ▲Although he has only studied English for two years, he can speak it quite well now. （虽然他学习英语仅2年，但是他现在英语讲得相当好。） ▲虽然生态环境有所改善，但生态安全状况仍然严重。 （Although the ecological environment was becoming better, the problems were still serious.） ▲尽管天色已晚，我还是有点想出去 （Although it is late, I’d quite like to go out.） 2. ▲For most formal occasions, it’s best to invite guests three or four weeks in advance. （大多数正式场合，最好提前三到四个星期发出邀请。） ▲It’s best to slice into a rich cake from the middle. （最好从中间切油腻蛋糕。） ▲在中午太阳光线很强的时候，你最好避免外出。 （It’s best to avoid going out in the strong midday sun.） ▲如果你应邀去参加正式的聚会，你最好穿上西装，打上领带。 （If you are invited to a formal party, it’s best to wear a suit and a tie.） 3. ▲A company can use any color of paper it desires, as long as it upholds and promotes the company’s image. （公司可以选择使用自己想要的任何颜色的纸张，只要它有利于维护和提升企业的形象。） ▲Your college or university will provide a report about your education as long as you continue to study there. （你的学院或大学将为你提供成绩报告单，只要你继续在哪里学习。） ▲只要我还有钱维持, 我就在墨西哥待下去。 （I’ll stay in Mexico as long as my money holds on.） ▲只要我还活着，我就不会忘记那件 （I’ll never forget that as long as I am alive.） 4.
法律英语LEC翻译考试：立法文本翻译 关于名称翻译的若干思考 1 正确把握中国规范性法律文件的性质 所谓“规范性法律文件”,是指由国家机构制定和颁布,具有普遍法律效力的文件。需要特别指出的是,“普遍”包括两个层次的含义,一是在整个中国领域内;二是在中国特定区域内。 从法的渊源上分类,中国规范性法律文件有宪法、法律、行政法规、行政规章、地方性法规、特别行政区法、司法解释等7类。 对第一类,在施行成文宪法的国家,通常就称为“宪法”（Constitution）,具有最高法律效力; 由全国人大或其常委会制定,在全国范围内普遍适用的规范性法律文件,一般称为“法”,但并不排除在某些情况下使用“通则”、“条例”、“决定”、“规定”、“补充规定”、“解释”、“办法”等的名称。相应的例子是：《公司法》、《民法通则》、《治安处罚管理条例》、《关于惩治违反公司法的犯罪的决定》、《关于县级以下人大代表直接选举的若干规定》、《关于惩治泄露国家秘密犯罪的补充规定》、《关于〈中华人民共和国刑法〉第九十三条第二款的解释》、《中国人民解放军选举全国人大和地方各级人大代表的办法》等。需指出的是,“决定”、“规定”、“补充规定”、“办法”等文件通常都具有临时性特点,并非永久性的法律,它们随时都有可能被后来通过的正式法律所代替或吸收。尽管如此,它们的效力仍在宪法之下,在行政法规、司法解释和规章之上。
由国务院、国务院各部委、地方人大、地方政府以及中央军委制定和颁布的行政法规、地方性法规、规章等多命名为“条例”、“实施细则”、“规定”、“办法”等。相应的例子是：《中外合资经营企业法实施条例》、《中外合作经营企业法实施细则》、《关于鼓励外商投资的规定》、《外商投资企业清算办法》等。论效力,国务院的行政法规高于国务院各部委的规章和地方法规; 由最高人民法院制定和公布的,在全国范围内的审判工作中具有普遍法律效力的规范性法律文件,包括“解释”、“规定”“批复”,统称为“司法解释”。相应的例子是：《关于适用〈中华人民共和国合同法〉若干问题的解释（一）》、《关于加强和改进委托执行工作的若干规定》、《关于农村合作基金会从业人员犯罪如何定性问题的批复》等,其效力自然低于宪法和法律。至于司法解释与行政法规、规章和地方性法规的效力孰高孰低,现行法律并没有规定。我以为,司法解释是自成一体规范性文件,不宜将之与行政法规、规章和地方性法规等强作比较。 准确理解规范性法律文件的效力等级,有助于为名称翻译选择恰当的英语格式词。 2 学习和研究英国法律规范性文件的名称 在法律名称的翻译方面,我首先提倡拿来主义,学习英国或其他英美法系国家、地区制定法的命名模式,这是理所当然的。我们翻译中国法律,目的就是让讲英语（English speaking）国家、地区的人士阅读,按照他们的模式去翻译、命名自然是最合符他们阅读与理解
（英语）高三必备英语翻译技巧全解及练习题(含答案)含解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。(accustomed) 2．将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。(be up to) 3．没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了。(than) 4．家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏，以免遭遇不测。(for fear) 5．虽然现代社会物资丰富，给予消费者更多的选择，但也使不少人变成购物狂。(turn) 【答案】 1．I’m accustomed to listening to some light music before sleep. 2．It’s up to you what kind of life will lead in the future. 3．There is nothing more exciting than being allowed to take part in the space travel programme. 4．Parents ask their kids not to play by the river for fear that something terrible might happen. 5．While modern society, rich in material resources,has given consumers more choice, it turns many of them into crazy shoppers. 【解析】试题分析： 1．翻译这句话的时候，注意词组：be accustomed to doing“习惯于做……”。 2．这句话使用了句型：It’s up to you +从句，“做….由某人决定”。这里what kind of life will lead in the future.是主语从句，it是形式主语。 3．这句话使用了There be句型， nothing 后面是形容词做定语，因为是比较的含义用形容词的比较级more exciting，还有词组“被允许做”be allowed to ，以及词组“参加”：take part in 。 4．这句话使用了for fear that 引导目的状语从句，和词组“让某人不要做……”ask sb. not to do. 5．这句话使用了连词While 表示“尽管，虽然”。词组“富含”be rich in ，主句中使用了词组turn…. into …..“将…变成…”。 考点：考查翻译句子 2．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．交友时不要以貌取人。(base) ________________ 2．经历了一场大病后,他明白了生命无价。(suffer) ________________ 3．2018上海进口博览会展示了创新理念,促进了自由贸易。(meanwhile) ________________ 4．不管到哪里旅游,都应该尊重当地的风俗习惯。这样才能成为一名文明的游客。(no
Unit1 1、任何年满18岁得人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote、 2、每学期开学前，这些奖学金得申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship) A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester、 3、遵照医生得建议，我决定戒烟。(on the advice of) On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking、 4、公园位于县城得正中央。(be located in) The park is located right in the center of town、 5、这所大学提供了我们所需得所有材料与设备。(facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire、 1、她们花了多年得时间寻找内心得平静，但就是收效甚微。(search for) They spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success、 2、这种新药得成功研制已经使许多疾病得治疗发生了根本性得变革。(revolutionize) The successful development of the new drug has revolutionized the treatment of many diseases、 3、由于这个国家得经济不景气，这家公司濒于破产。(on the edge of) The company is on the edge of bankruptcy due to the economic depression in the country、 4、大学毕业后她成为了一名护士。她认为护士这一职业可能很有发展前途。(rewarding) He became a nurse after college、He thought nursing could be a very rewarding career、 5、她像往常一样在文件上签了名。(just as) He signed his name on the paper just as he has always done it、 Unit2
大学英语2 1) 美国人一般早早就安排好他们的退休生活。 Americans usually make plans for their retirement well in advance. 2) 他们通常被看做最有希望的歌手。 They are commonly regarded as the most promising singers. 3) 我从你的推荐人那里听说雇主曾给他们打过电话。 I' ve heard from your references that the employer had called them. 4) 请告诉我们具体时间，以便我们做好适当的准备。 Would you please inform us the exact date so that we can make proper arrangements. 5) 我们对出席派对人数的估计与实际来的人数相差了一大截。 Our estimate of how many people would show up at the party missed by a mile. 6) 只要不成为阅读负担，你的报告可以包括足够多的细节。 Your report can include enough details without being a burden to read. Page21: 6 .Pay attention to the italicized parts in the English sentences and translate the Chinese sentences by simulating the structure of the English sentences. 1. ▲ Although invitations are usually sent through the mail, informal invitations such as e-mail and phone invitations are becoming more acceptable. (虽然邀请函通常通过信函方式发出，但目前像电子邮件、电话邀请等非正式邀请越来越被普遍使用。) ▲ Although he has only studied English for two years, he can speak it quite well now. (虽然他学习英语仅 2 年，但是他现在英语讲得相当好。 ) ▲虽然生态环境有所改善，但生态安全状况仍然严重。 ( Although the ecological environment was becoming better, the problems were still serious. )▲ 尽管天色已晚，我还是有点想出去 (Although it is late, I ' d quite like to go out. ) 2. ▲ For most formal occasions, it 's best to invite guests three or four weeks in advance. (大多数正式场合，最好提前三到四个星期发出邀请。 ) ▲ It ' s best to slice into a rich cake from the middle. (最好从中间切油腻蛋糕。 ) ▲在中午太阳光线很强的时候，你最好避免外出。 ( It ' s best to avoid going out in the strong midday sun. ) ▲如果你应邀去参加正式的聚会，你最好穿上西装，打上领带。 ( If you are invited to a formal party, it 's best to wear a suit and a tie. ) 3. ▲ A company can use any color of paper it desires, as long as it upholds and promotes the company ' s image. (公司可以选择使用自己想要的任何颜色的纸张，只要它有利于维护和提升企业的形象。 ) ▲ Your college or university will provide a report about your education as long as you continue to study there. ( 你的学院或大学将为你提供成绩报告单，只要你继续在哪里学习。) ▲只要我还有钱维持, 我就在墨西哥待下去。 ( I' ll stay in Mexico as long as my money holds on. )
Mrs. Baroda was a little provoked to learn that her husba nd expected his frie nd, Gouvernail, up to spend a week or two on the pla ntati on. They had entertained a good deal during the win ter; much of the time had also bee n passed in New Orlea ns in various forms of mild dissipation. She was looking forward to a period of un broke n rest, now, and un disturbed tete-a-tete with her husba nd, when he in formed her that Gouvernail was coming up to stay a week or two. This was a man she had heard much of but never seen. He had been her husband's college friend; was now a journalist, and in no sense a society man or "a man about tow n," which were, perhaps, some of the reas ons she had n ever met him. But she had unconsciously formed an image of him in her mind. She pictured him tall, slim, cyni cal; with eye-glasses, and his hands in his pockets; and she did not like him. Gouver nail was slim eno ugh, but he was n't very tall nor very cyni cal; n either did he wear eyeglasses nor carry his hands in his pockets. And she rather liked him when he first presented himself. But why she liked him she could not expla in satisfactorily to herself whe n she partly attempted to do so. She could discover in him none of those brilliant and promising traits which Gast on, her husba nd, had often assured her that he possessed. On the contrary, he sat rather mute and receptive before her chatty eager ness to make him feel at home and in face of Gast on's frank and wordy hospitality. His
语法七大语法考试重点 一独立主格 （一）：独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词； 名词(代词)+形容词； 名词(代词)+副词； 名词(代词)+不定式； 名词(代词) +介词短语构成。 （二）独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 举例： The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. This done, we went home. The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. He came into the room, his ears red with cold. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 二过去完成时 1）概念：表示过去的过去其构成是had +过去分词构成。 2）用法 a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn t. 3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
新视野大学英语课后习 题翻译答案 -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1
新视野大学英语（第二版）读写教程2 1至7单元课后翻译答案总结 IA：她连水都不愿意喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。 She wouldn’t take a drink , much less would she stay for dinner. 他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。 He thought I was lying to him , whereas I was telling the truth. 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎样解释 How do you account for the fact you have been late every day this week 他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。 The increase in their profits is due to their new market strategy. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率得提高。 Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency.
我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们 只能继续。 We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project , so we have to carry on. IIA: 尽管她是家里的独生女，他父母也从不溺爱她。 Despite the fact that she is the only child in the family , her parents never baby her . 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没有给我打电话作任何解 释。 Mike didn’t come to the party last night , nor did he call me to give an explanation. 坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但绝不是什么 大作家。 The man sitting next to him did publish some novels , but he is by no means a great writer. 他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。 He is not interested in football and is indifferent to who wins or loses.
1. 多尔蒂先生和他的家人目前正在农场忙于秋收。 Mr. Doherty and his family are engaged in autumn harvest on the farm. 2. 我们不能低估敌人，他们装备了最先进的武器。 We cant underestimate enemies, they have been equipped with the most advanced weapons. 3. 菲尔已三个月没有找到工作了，正变得越来越绝望。 Phil is becoming more and more desperate, because she has been out of work for 3 months. 4. 作为项目经理，山姆办事果断，工作效率高，且判断准确。 As a manager of project, Sam is decisive in action ,efficient in work, and accurate in j udgment. 5. 既然已证实这家化工厂是污染源，村委会决定将其关闭，为此损失了一百个工作岗位。Since it has been proved that this chemistry factory is the source of pollution, the vil lage neighborhood committee decides to close it at the cost of one hundred jobs. 1. 空气中有一种不寻常的寂静，只有远处响着大炮的声音。 There was an unnatural silence in the air, only with the cannon undering far off. 2. 在某些非洲国家城市的扩展已引起生活水平相当大的下降和社会问题的增多。 The expansion of cities in some African countries has caused a considerable in living standard and increase in social problems. 3. 研究表明大气中的二氧化碳的含量与全球温度密切相关。 Studies have shown that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels correlate with global tem perature. 4. 最近公共汽车的车辆行驶频率已有改善，从15分钟缩短到12分钟一班。 Recently, the frequency of bus service has been improved, reduced from 15minutes to12minutes every run. 5. 那位跳水运动员立在跳水板边沿，只等教练发出信号便会立刻跳下。 That driver standing on the edge of the diving board, and is poised to dive as soon a s the coach sends out the signal. 1.尽管在此次紧急迫降中，飞机跑道不够长，但经验老到的飞行员还是让飞机滑行了一段时间后就停了下来。 Although the airstrip is not long enough in the urgent landing, the veteran pilot still stopped the plane after it slipped for some time. 2. 在记者反复追问下，该影星终于说漏了嘴，承认自己做过两次整容手术。 Grilled by the reporters, the movie star blurted that she had took plastic surgeries t wice.