高考语法专题：情态动词与虚拟语气
考纲新研读
情态动词
1. can, could
(1)表示能力或客观可能性、请求或允许：
Man cannot live without air or water.
(2)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信：
How can you be so careless!
He couldn’t be over sixty.
(3)表示对过去否定或疑问的猜测：
Jack cannot (couldn’t) have been to China, has he?
Can (Could) he have heard the news?
(4)表示虚拟语气，用于肯定句，could have done,“过去能够干
某事而没干”。
I could have lent him money, but he didn’t ask me.
Given more time, I could have done it even better.
(5)表示“有时会”：
Training alone can be dangerous.
2. may, might
(1)表示推测“可能”：
That may or may not be true.
(2)对过去可能性的推测，may (might可能性更小)have done：
She may not have seen the film.
She might have had an accident.
(3)表示虚拟语气“有可能干而没干”：
She might have given you more help, but she didn’t.
(4)表示祝愿：
May you succeed in passing the exam！
3.must，have to
(1)“必须”，“必要”：
Soldiers must obey orders.
You mustn’t talk like that.
(2)肯定的猜测(不能用于否定或疑问)：“一定”：
He must be seventy now.
He must be doing his homework upstairs.
I think you must have made a mistake, didn’t you?
He must have been doing his homework then.
(3)(表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦)偏要
Just as I was hurrying to class, Mary must come, telling a
long story.
4. need
(1)“需要”，主要用于否定、疑问句。
You needn’t do it at once.
(2)needn’t have done,“过去不需要干而干了”：
You had enough time left. You needn’t have hurried.
(3)特殊句型，“需要干某事”：
The tree needs (wants, requires) watering (to be watered).
5.dare，dared
(1)主要用于疑问、否定和条件句中：
How dared they do such a thing?
(2)可作实意动词：dare (to) do:
He didn’t dare (to) go there.
6. shall, should
(1)shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，征求对方意见：
Shall I turn on the radio?
(2)shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示允诺、警告、命
令、决心等。
You shall fail if you don’t take his advice.
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.
(3)should/ought to,“应该”：
You should work hard at your lessons.
(4)should(ought to) have done,“过去本来应该干某事而没干”；
should not have done“过去本来不应该干某事而干了”,表示
委婉的批评：
You should have come earlier.
You shouldn’t have told her about it.
You ought to have told me about that yesterday.
7. will, would
(1)用于疑问句，表示请求、邀请：
Will/Would you pass me the book?
(2)“愿意”：
If you will wait a little while, I’ll call the manager.
(3)“总是”：
He will often sit up all night.
He would drop in on me on Sundays.
(4)用于否定句，表拒绝，尤指物：
We pushed the bus, but it wouldn’t move a bit.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6015786786.html,ed to “过去曾经……”，暗示现在不再如此：
You used to smoke, usedn’t you (didn’t you)?
虚拟语气
近几年，虚拟语气考查的重点是与情态动词连用的虚拟语气。如：should have done, could have done, might have done等。虚拟条件句等也时有涉及。1.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用：
(1)与现在事实相反：
条件句谓语用：If...did/were...；主句谓语用：would (should,
could, might) do...。例如：
If I had enough money, I would buy the car. (But I haven’t
enough money.)
If it were not so late, we could have coffee.
(2)与过去事实相反：
条件句谓语用：If...had done...;主句谓语用：would (should)
have done...。例如：
If they had invited me, I would have gone to the party. (But
they didn’t invite me.)
They didn’t invite me, otherwise, I would have gone to the party.
(3)与将来事实相反：
条件句谓语用：If...did (were)/were to do/should do...;主句谓语
用：would (should) do...。例如：
I’m sure to succeed this time. If I failed (were to fail/should fail),
I would try again.
(4)过去现在混合：
条件句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。例如：
If you had taken the doctor’s advice, you wouldn’t be in hospital
now (you would be well now).
(5)如果if省略，从句要倒装(主要是were/should/had)例如：
Had they time, they would help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met the scientist.
(6)用介词短语代替条件句：
We would not have succeeded without your help (but for
your help).
But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.
2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气：
(1)wish“希望；但愿”。wish后的宾语从句，如果跟虚拟语气，
有三种时态。即:
与现在事实相反,谓语用一般过去时态。例如：
I wish I had your brain.
与过去事实相反，谓语用过过去完成时态。例如：
How I wished I had studied then!
与将来事实相反，或不大可能实现的愿望，谓语用
would/could do。例如：
How I wish that I would go to the moon some day.
(2)command,demand,insist,order,request,require,suggest等后面
的宾语从句，谓语用(should) do。总体掌握：“要求干，应该干，但还没干”，就是说动作还没有发生。因此insist“坚持事
实”、suggest“暗示”都不用虚拟语气。
Mother insists I get rid of the bad habit.
He insisted that he was a Party member and be sent to the
front.
注意：与此项有关的表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句等的谓语同样用(should) do。例如：
My suggestion is that he do the exercises first.
这样的名词有：advice, idea, demand, order, plan, request,
suggestion等。
3.主语从句中的虚拟语气：谓语同样用(should) do。例如：
It is necessary (important) that a student (should) have good
manners.
It was a pity that you (should) be so careless.
It will be suggested that he (should) finish his homework today.
4.部分情态动词：
You could have lived with Tom.
You should have come five minutes earlier.
Where is Mary? She might have had an accident.
It was so near to the railway station. We could have walked to it.
A taxi wasn’t necessary.
5.其他句型：
(1)It is (high) time that we went home (should go home).
(谓语用一般过去时态或should do)
(2)I would rather you came tomorrow.(谓语用一般过去时态)
(3)He talks as if he knew everything.
高考新剖析
1. But for their help, we__________ the program in time.
［2009年高考安徽卷］
A. can not finish
B. will not finish
C. had not finished
D. could not have finished
2. It__________ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is
the only one with a car.［2009年高考上海卷］
A. may
B. can
C. must
D. should
3. —Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?
—She__________ in the classroom. I saw her there just now.
［2009年高考重庆卷］
A. shall be
B. should have been
C. must be
D. might have been
4. Some people who don’t like to talk much are not ne cessarily
shy；they__________ just be quiet people.［2009年高考安徽卷］
A. must
B. may
C. should
D. would
D
C
B
C
5. One of the few things you__________ say about English people
with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.
［2009年高考北京卷］
A. need
B. must
C. should
D. can
6. According to the air traffic rules, you __________ switch off
your mobile phone before boarding.［2008年高考上海卷］
A. may
B. can
C. would
D. should
7. —How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?
—It__________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.
A. will
B. would
C. should
D. must
8. The teacher__________ have thought Johnson was worth it or
she wouldn’t have wasted time on him, I suppose.
A. should
B. can
C. would
D. must
9. —She looks very happy. She__________ have passed the exam.
—I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.
A. should
B. could
C. must
D. might
D
D
C
D
C
10. What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he
__________ better.［2008年高考江西卷］
A. need have done
B. must have done
C. can have done
D. might have done
精题新探究
1. Helen __________go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite
sure yet.
A. shall
B. must
C. may
D. can
2. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a
police car. They__________ at least 150 km an hour.
A. should have been doing
B. must have been doing
C. could have done
D. would have done
3. — Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
—Well. He __________have gone far—his coat’s still here.
A. shouldn’t
B. mustn’t
C. can’t
D. wouldn’t
D
C
B
C
4. Mr. Smith is always on time for everything. How__________ it
be that he was late for the flight?
A. can
B. need
C. may
D. must
5. —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You__________ it .I could manage it myself.
A. needn’t do
B. needn’t have done
C. mustn’t do
D. shouldn’t have done
6. It is her that you __________such a matter.
A. should consult on
B. might consult on
C. should consult
D. must consult for
7. — The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals
for 13 years before she returned.
—Oh, dear! She__________ a lot of difficulties！
A. may go through
B. might go through
C. ought to have gone through
D. must have gone through
A
B
A
D
8. The young man insisted that he __________ nothing wrong and
__________free.
A. did; set
B. had done; should be set
C. should do; be set
D. had done; should set
9. If it _________tomorrow ,what would we do?
A. rains
B. would rain
C. were to rain
D. rain
10. —I feel I am so tired tonight.
—Well, it is time that you__________.
A. go to bed
B. would go to bed
C. went to bed
D. are going to bed
11. —Did your mother go to London?
—No, her doctor suggested that she__________.
A. is not going
B. not go
C. hadn’t gone
D. wouldn’t go
B
C
C
B
12. I would rather Mary __________home next Sunday.
A. goes
B. went
C. will go
D. is going
13. It is necessary that the lazy boy __________the class meeting.
A. will attend
B. attends
C. attend
D. attended
14. If I had seen the movie, I __________you all about it now.
A. would tell
B. will tell
C. have told
D. would have told
15. The Sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if
the Sun __________round the Earth.
A. were circling
B. circles
C. is circling
D. be circling
B
C
A
A