2013年全国职称英语押题卷（命中率高）
第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. The local authorities will take measures to deal with noise pollution in the area.
A. power
B. control
C. learning
D. government
2. Hundreds of cyclists assembled in Central Park in Pudong this morning to take part in the event.
A. appeared
B. walked
C. met
D. combined
3. In case of emergency, please follow the orders of the ship crew.
A. post
B. transfer
C. confirm
D. obey
4. They ate in the kitchen as they normally did.
A. usually
B. partly
C. highly
D. fully
5. He likes swimming, but I like going out for a walk.
A. how
B. what
C. while
D. why
6. There is less come now; it seems that there is a fall in the crime rate.
A. descent
B. incline
C. decline
D. slope
7. We were so greatly attracted by the beauty of the West Lake that we decided to visit Hangzhou again the next year.
A. fascinated
B. disturbed
C. fooled
D. surprised
8. During the construction of skyscrapers, cranes are used to lift building materials to the upper floors.
A. toss
B. tow
C. hoist
D. hurl
9. In the United States it is customary for families to gather on Thanksgiving Day.
A. entertain
B. assemble
C. feast
D. worship
10. The town is famous for its magnificent church towers.
A. ancient
B. old
C. modern
D. splendid
11. There are a limited number of books on this subject in the library.
A. large
B. total
C. small
D. similar
12. Don't hesitate to let me know if there is anything I can do for you.
A. pause
B. refuse
C. reject
D. wait
13. Merge the following two short sentences into one new sentence.
A. Split
B. Combine
C. Break
D. Divide
14. Color changes in chameleons seem to be caused by environmental temperature as well as by other external stimulus.
A. have
B. appear
C. ought
D. used
15. Their sole fault was a failure to recognize all the factors involved.
A. initial
B. maximum
C. usual
D. only
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Eruptions of Mount Saint Helens
On March 27, the U.S. Government scientists made a decision after they predicted the eruption of Mount Saint Helens. They telephoned all states and local officials in the area and told them that a serious eruption was possible at any time. Roads were closed to everyone except scientists and forest keepers struggled to keep curious visitors away from the mountain.
Shortly after noon on March 27, Mount Saint Helens erupted for the first time in 123 years, People living north of the mountain heard a loud boom that shook their windows, and airline pilots flying near the volcano soon afterwards described a thick black column of ash and steam shooting more than 2,100 meters into the sky.
Later, scientists found that the explosion had made a new crater（大坑）in the top of the mountain, not far from the old crater. The north side of the peak now had a huge bulge（凸出部分）where rock and ice had been pushed out by the eruption.
A second eruption shook the mountain on March 28. It, too, sent up a column of black ash high into the sky. By March 29, scientists flying over the mountain saw that a second crater formed about 9 meters from the first one. Strange blue flames flickered（闪烁）inside the crater and sometimes jumped from one crater to the other.
By April 1 the mountain had erupted several more times and the snow on the north slope of the peak was black with ash. Ash carried by the wind had fallen on towns as far as 240 kilometers away from Mount Saint Helens.
During the first week of April, Mount Saint Helens gave scientists something new to worry about harmonic tremors（震动）recorded by scientists showed a big eruption would happen. All during April and into May Mount Saint Helens continued to shudder（震动）and shoot out ash. By April 8, the two craters had merged to form a vast hole nearly a half of a kilometer wide and 250 meters deep.
Scientists' main worry during this time was the growing bulge of rock and ice on the north face of the mountain. By May 7 scientists feared the worst. Their warnings led Washington Governor to set up safety zones around the mountain. The inner "red" zone was open to scientists only. The outer "blue" zone was open only to people who got special permits. But in spite of these warnings, some people got past the road barriers and risked their lives trying to get close to the volcano.
16. American scientists predicted that Mount Saint Helens was to erupt soon.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. Pilots flying at the height of more than 2,100 meters saw a thick black column of ash and steam shooting up into the air from the crater.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. A new crater, which was to the south of the old one, was formed after the second eruption.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. The quakes recorded during the first week of April in the area of Mount Saint Helens warned scientists of a new eruption.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. Two scientists lost their lives during the second eruption of Mount Saint Helens.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. Most of the dreadful eruptions of Mount Saint Helens took place in early May.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. The eruption of Mount Saint Helens attracted a large number of foreign tourists.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第3～6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Electromagnetic Energy
1. White light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool. Visible light and the kinds of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.
2. The sun is 93 million miles from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space.
3. Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared （红外线的）radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is produced. Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio, television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays（紫外线）and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal, and in medicine to reveal broken bones.
4. Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy is the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water falls to the earth as rain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators. Other generators are powered by coal, but the energy stored in coal came from the sun, too.
5. Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle. If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ago. Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed（利用）by man. Chemical energy comes from electron（电子）rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemical reactions, nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium（氦）.
6. Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate electricity. It is also being used to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.
23. Paragraph 3 ________
24. Paragraph 4 ________
25. Paragraph 5 ________
26. Paragraph 6 ________
27. One can get a sunburn even ________.
28. Infrared radiation can produce heat ________.
29. X-rays and gamma rays can be used to detect and treat cancer ________.
30. Chemical energy is generated ________.
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇
Hercules
Once upon a time there was a great Greek hero, Hercules. He was taller and stronger than anyone you have ever seen. On his shoulder he carried a club and in his hand he held a bow（弓）. He was known as the hero of a hundred adventures.
Hercules served a king. The king was afraid of him. So again and again he sent him on difficult tasks. One morning the king sent for him and told him to fetch three golden apples for him from the garden of the Singing Maidens（歌女）. But no one knew where the garden was.
So Hercules went away. He walked the whole day and the next day and the next. He walked for months before he saw mountains far in the distance one fine morning. One of the mountains was in the shape of a man, with long, long legs and arms and huge shoulders and a huge head. He was holding up the sky. Hercules knew it was Atlas, the Mountain God. So he asked him for help.
Atlas answered, "My head and arms and shoulders all ache. Could you hold up the sky while I fetch the golden apples for you?"
Hercules climbed the mountain and shouldered the sky. Soon the sky grew very heavy. When finally Atlas came back with three golden apples, he said, "Well, you are going to carry the mountain for ever. I'm going to see the king with the apples." Hercules knew that he couldn't fight him because of the sky on his back. So he shouted:
"Just one minute's help. My shoulders are hurting. Hold the sky for a minute while I make a cushion（垫子）for my shoulders."
Atlas believed him. He threw down the apples and help up the sky.
Hercules picked up the apples and ran back to see the king.
31. What do you know about Hercules according to the first paragraph? ________
A. He was a Greek hero.
B. He was a king.
C. He was the Mountain God.
D. He was a man working in the king's garden.
32. Hercules was given many difficult tasks because ________
A. he was the strongest man.
B. the king wanted to get rid of him.
C. the king wanted to test his strength.
D. those tasks had to be done anyway.
33. Which of the following can best describe Atlas according to the text? ________
A. He looked like a mountain.
B. He was a man with huge shoulders and arms.
C. He was a man with long legs and a huge head.
D. He was the giant who held up the sky.
34. Atlas got the golden apples for Hercules because ________
A. he wanted to help Hercules.
B. he was afraid of Hercules.
C. he did not want to hold the sky any more.
D. he wanted to be the king himself.
35. Hercules finally managed to get the apples ________
A. by fooling Atlas.
B. by defeating Atlas.
C. because he ran faster than Atlas.
D. because Atlas threw down the apples.
第二篇
Tim's Career
As a boy, Tim was much influenced by books about the sea, but in fact by the age of fifteen he had decided to become a doctor rather than a sailor. His father was a dentist and as a result Tim had the opportunity of meeting many doctors either at home or elsewhere. When he was fourteen he was already hanging around the dispensary（药房）of the local doctor where he was supposed to be helping to wrap up medicine bottles, but was actually trying to listen to the conversations taking place between the doctor and his patients in the next room.
During the war Tim served in the Navy as a surgeon. "That was the happiest time of my life, doing major surgery.
I was dealing with very real suffering and on the whole making a success of it." In Rhodes（罗得岛）he taught the country people simple facts about medicine. He saw himself as a life-saver. He had proved his skill to himself and his ability to take decisions. With this proof came the firm belief that those who lived simply possessed qualities and a secret of living which he lacked. Thus, while he was able to tell them what to do, he could feel he was serving them.
After the war, he got married and chose a practice in the English countryside, working under an old doctor who was popular in the area, but who hated the sight of blood and believed that the secret of medicine was faith. This gave
the younger man many opportunities to go on working as a life-saver.
36. Tim decided to become a doctor at 15 mainly because ________
A. his father wanted him to be so.
B. he had read many books about medicine.
C. his father was a surgeon himself.
D. he had met doctors through his father.
37. When Tim was in the dispensary of the local doctor, he ________
A. was expected to help the doctor.
B. read many books there.
C. participated in the conversations.
D. often went to the next room.
38. During the war, Tim ________
A. became a sailor.
B. worked as a surgeon.
C. lost interest in work.
D. didn't achieve success.
39. When Tim was working in Rhodes, he ________
A. wanted to live like the country people.
B. wanted to prove his abilities and skills.
C. discovered the virtues of a simple life.
D. taught life-saving to his patients.
40. When the war was over, Tim ________
A. continued working as a surgeon.
B. got married and lived in the city.
C. chose a junior partner to work with.
D. decided to give up medicine for faith.
第三篇
Suggestion
As you are soon on your way to Eastern Europe, here are a few tips on what you should pack. In general, pack lightly, with only the most basic clothes. People dress casually in Eastern Europe, so you don't need to bring along your smartest clothing.
At the risk of going against our own advice by weighing down your luggage, we suggest you consider bringing along the following items, which we found particularly useful in Eastern Europe.
Batteries: If your camera, flash, or other appliances run on batteries, bring a sufficient supply. Certain types of batteries don't exist in Eastern Europe, and those that do often don't last very long.
Calculator:many travelers find it useful to figure out foreign exchange rates on a calculator. We suggest a credit-card calculator, which fits into your wallet or purse.
Cash:We have found it good to have a supply of small-de-nomination U.S. bills ($1s and $5s) to use in hard-currency stores, to buy international train tickets, etc. The hard currency stores never seem to have the right change, and thus you may lose out without some "petty cash" on hand.
Electric Current Adapter: If you bring handy appliances, remember that the electricity in Eastern Europe uses 220 volts A.C., not the standard 110 volts of North America. A 110-volt appliance will soon burn out when attached to an unconverted 220-volt plug. Contact the Franzus Company, 352 Park Ave. south, New York, NY 10010 (tel.
212/889-5850), and ask for their booklet, "Foreign Electricity Is No Dark Secret."
Language Tools: One of Europe's big challenges is communicating with the local people, since their languages are so different from our own. To help overcome difficulties, you might invest in phrase books before you go —you won't find them once you are in Eastern Europe.
If you are interested in learning an Eastern European language in more detail, we recommend the cassette course produced by Audio Forum. In each course you listen to native speakers on a cassette and follow along in a textbook. You can contact Audio Forum for their catalog at 96 Broad St., Guilford CT 06437 (tel. toll [费用] free 800/243-1234).
Money Belt: A money belt is especially helpful when you have many documents to carry around (as you always do in Eastern Europe). The best one we found is made by Eagle Creek Travel Gear, 143 Cedros Ave. (P. O. box 651), Solona Beach CA 92075 (tel. 619/755-9399, or toll free 800/874-9925 outside California).
Traveler's Checks: These are essential. Bring your traveler's checks in small to medium de-nomination ($10, $20, or $50) to change a little bit at a time, so as not to be left with a lot of local currency. To be on the safe side, be sure to copy down the check numbers in two places, just in case something happens to the checks.
41. The author suggests that when you go to Eastern Europe, you only need to bring your ________
A. smart clothing.
B. everyday clothes.
C. formal dresses.
D. raincoat.
42. What items mentioned in the text are about money matters? ________
A. Money belts and language tools.
B. Batteries and other electric devices.
C. Cash and electric current adapters.
D. Cash and traveler's checks.
43. Which of the following statements is NOT a fact? ________
A. The electricity in Eastern Europe uses 220 volts A.C.
B. Eastern European languages can be a problem to foreign travelers.
C. No shop in Eastern Europe accepts hard currency.
D. Travelers may need to carry many documents in Eastern Europe.
44. Eagle Creek Travel Gear is a company manufacturing ________
A. money belts.
B. calculations.
C. cassettes.
D. electric current adapters.
45. This passage is probably taken from ________
A. a bank statement
B. a traveler's guide.
C. a holiday advertisement.
D. an electrical safety booklet.
第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Invader of AIDS
The invader is small, even in the microscopic world of bacteria and viruses. It is alive only in the strictest sense of the world. It had no intelligence, no means of mobility, no methods of defense in the outside world. It is fragile, easily
killed by common household bleach（漂白剂）and even short periods outside the body. 46 . It is the AIDS virus, and it is a killer.
AIDS is a disease, caused by a virus that breaks down part of the body's immune system, leaving a person defenseless against a variety of unusual life-threatening illnesses.
47 .
The body's immune system normally provides us the weapons we need to win constant battles with invading viruses, bacteria and other invading organisms. His defense system is powerful but not perfect. 48 . We do not even know that anything is happening.
But the AIDS virus acts differently from other invaders. It attacks the very cells that normally protect us.
49 . It turns our own white blood cells into mini-factories or making more viruses. Each time a cell is taken over, it fills up with thousands of new viruses, dies and releases those viruses, with attack more white blood cells. After enough attacks, our defense system is weakened and certain infections and conditions that we normally fight off with no problem take advantage of his weakness.
50 . The person dies. There are no cure for AIDS, so learning about the disease and how to avoid it are our only weapons.
A. Yet it may be the most dangerous enemy in human history
B. Whatever condition develops because of AIDS, the outcome is always the same
C. It gets inside these cells into mini-factors or making more virus
D. Each of the letters in AIDS stands for a word: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
E. The patients who suffer from AIDS have characteristic features
F. Most attacks are detected and beaten off with ease
第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Heart Attack
Throughout the United States, and especially in big cities and rural areas, tens of thousands of people with hearts that should be good 51 to keep them alive die each year for lack of adequate first aid. In New York City, for example, a new study has shown that only one person in 100 outside of hospitals 52 after the heart suddenly stops pumping（怦怦跳动）. In contrast, in Seattle, the survival 53 after such heart attacks is one in five.
"The difference can be traced 54 the effectiveness of the 'chain of survival', " Dr. Joseph P. Ornato said, "Each link in the 55 must be strong enough for many lives to be 56 ".
The chain begins with an immediate telephone 57 for emergency help and the start within four minutes of the process needed for restarting the 58 working, by a family member or bystander（旁观者）. It continues with the prompt arrival —within eight 59 ten minutes of a rescuer equipped with a special instrument that can shock the heart back to a normal rhythm. And it ends with the administration（给予，实施）of advanced（先进的）emergency care by nurses to maintain the heart's ability to survive until the doctors at the hospitals can take 60 . When one or more links in this chain fail or function too slowly, the 61 of a victim surviving heart attack falls rapidly. Because of widespread weaknesses in the chain of 62 , experts in emergency heart care estimate that 20,000 to 80,000 people 63 needlessly of heart attack each year, a number comparable to the 55,000 killed annually in automobile 64 .
One expert says, "Sending an emergency vehicle to a heart attack victim 65 the special equipment is like having policemen with guns but no bullets. They may put on a good show, but they lack the weapon needed to get the job done."
51. A. enough B. much C. many D. too
52. A. dies B. survives C. stops D. wakes
53. A. speed B. thing C. rate D. people
54. A. on B. at C. from D. to
55. A. list B. process C. chain D. step
56. A. accepted B. taken C. born D. saved
57. A. call B. number C. line D. worker
58. A. person B. heart C. brain D. body
59. A. to B. by C. and D. toward
60. A. out B. about C. on D. over
61. A. cause B. start C. chance D. event
62. A. death B. luck C. help D. survival
63. A. die B. live C. survive D. come
64. A. production B. accidents C. incidents D. troubles
65. A. by B. at C. with D. without
职称英语等级考试模拟试题
第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. The kitchen is in the rear of the house.
A. before
B. front
C. middle
D. back
2. She overcame her initial shyness and really enjoyed the evening.
A. coming
B. beginning
C. happening
D. existing
3. The great castles of the kings were without bathing facilities.
A. pools
B. means
C. showers
D. towel
4. The town is famous for its magnificent church towers.
A. distinguished
B. contemporary
C. specialized
D. specified
5. After the whole day's march, they are too fatigue to walk any more.
A. hungry
B. sleepy
C. thirsty
D. tired
6. One of my favorite saying is: " There is no smoke without fire."
A. most loved
B. alike
C. favorable
D. likely
7. The prices of vegetable fluctuate according to weather.
A. fall
B. raise
C. change
D. rise
8. Comets are still regarded with fright by some people.
A. dread
B. concern
C. detachment
D. resentment
9. Your father is furious about the damage you have done to the flower beds.
A. angry
B. anxious
C. uncertain
D. worried
10. The dog saw his reflection in the pool of water.
A. image
B. imagination
C. bone
D. shadow
11. The quality and number of a city's public roads offer an excellent gauging of its prosperity.
A. enriching
B. creating
C. protecting
D. judging
12. His handwriting is flowing and graceful.
A. pleasing
B. formal
C. informal
D. flowery
13. What were the consequences of the decision she had made?
A. reasons
B. results
C. causes
D. bases
14. The great changes of the city astonished every visitor to that city.
A. attacked
B. surprised
C. attracted
D. interested
15. How do you account for your absence from the class last Thursday?
A. explain
B. examine
C. choose
D. expand
第2部分：阅读判断（第16 ~ 22题，每题1分，共7分）
Earthquakes and Animals
Scientists who try to predict earthquakes have gotten some new helpers recently —animals. Animals often seem to know in advance that an earthquake is coming, and they show their fear by acting in strange ways. Before a quake （地震）in China in 1975 snakes awoke from their winter sleep early only to freeze to death in the cold air. All the unusual behavior, as well as physical changes in earth, alerted （提醒）Chinese scientists to the coming quake. They moved people away from the danger zone and saved thousands of lives.
One task for scientists today is to learn exactly which types of animal behavior predict quakes. It is not an easy job. First of all not every animal reacts to the danger of an earthquake. Just before a California quake in 1979, fore example, an Arabian horse became very nervous and tried to break out of his stall. The horse next to him, however, remained per fectly calm. It is also difficult sometimes to tell the difference between normal animal calmness and “earthquake nerves.” A zookeeper once told earthquake researchers that his cougar（美洲狮）had been acting strangely. It turned out that the cougar had a stomachache.
A second task for scientists is to find out exactly what kinds of warning the animals receive. They know that animals sense far more of the world than humans do. Many animals can see, hear, and smell things that people do not even notice. Some can detect tiny changes in air pressure, gravity, or the magnetism（磁力）of earth. This extra sense probably helps animals predict earthquakes.
A good example of this occurred with a group of dogs. They were closed in an area that was being shaken by a series of tiny earthquakes. Before each quake a low booming sound was heard. Each sound caused the dogs to bark （吠）wildly. The dogs began to bark during a silent period! A scientist who was recording the quakes looked at his machine. He realized that the dogs had reacted to a booming noise. They also sensed the tiny quake that followed it.
The machine recorded both, though humans felt and heard nothing.
In this case there was a machine to check what the dogs were sensing. Many times, however, our machines record nothing out of the ordinary, even though animals know a quake is coming. The animals might be sensing something we do measure but do not recognize as a warning. Discovering what animals sense, and learning how they know danger signals, is a job for future scientists.
16. During an earthquake in China in 1975, some cows had "earthquake nerves" and some remained calm.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. Chinese scientists moved people away from the coming quake zone after noticing the strange behavior of some animals and physical changes in earth.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. Animals of the same kind always react in the same way to the danger of a quake.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. The cougar behaved strangely because it had sensed the threat of a quake.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. All animals can sense the very small changes in air pressure, gravity, or the magnetism of earth.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. The dogs mentioned in the passage sensed both the low booming sounds and the minor quakes following them.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. A task for future scientists is to find out how an animal receives a warning signal.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23 ~ 30题，每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（l）第23 ~ 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第l ~ 4段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27 ~ 30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Rights of Animals
1. Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
2. On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd; for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only on account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people —for instance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented it: how do you reply to somebody who says "I don't like this contract"?
3. The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?
4. Many deny it. Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake —a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.
5. This view which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely "logical".
In fact it is simply shallow: the confused centre is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning —the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl —is to weigh others' interests against one's own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
23. Paragraph 1 ________
24. Paragraph 2 ________
25. Paragraph 3 ________
26. Paragraph 4 ________
27. The most elementary form of moral reasoning ________.
28. Mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action ________.
29. It is unclear what force a contract ________.
30. It leads the discussion ________.
第4部分：阅读理解（第31 ~ 45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇
Husband and Wife by Arrangement
Some Japanese still get married by parents' arrangement. Yoshio and Hiromi Tanaka, a young Japanese couple living in the United States, told the story of their arranged marriage. "We didn't marry for love in the Western sense. We got married in the traditional Japanese way. Our parents arranged our marriage through a matchmaker（媒人）. In Japan we believe that marriage is something affecting the whole family rather than a matter concerning only the young couple. So we think it is very important to match people according to their social background, education and so on. When our parents thought it was time for us to get married, they went to a local matchmaker and asked her for some suggestions. We discussed the details and looked at the photos she sent, and then our parents asked her to arrange a 'marriage interview' for the two of us."
A Japanese marriage interview is held in a public place, such as a hotel or a restaurant, and is attended by the boy and the girl, their parents and the matchmaker. Information about the couple and their families is exchanged over a cup of tea or a meal. Then the boy and the girl are left alone for a short time to get to know each other. When they return home they have to tell the matchmaker whether they want to meet again or not.
Yoshio continued, "When our parents realized we were serious about each other, they started to make arrangements for our wedding. My family paid the marriage money to Hiromi's. This is money to help pay for the wedding ceremony and for setting up the house afterwards. We also gave her family a beautiful ornament（装饰品）to put in the best room of their house, so everyone knew that Hiromi was going to marry."
31. The Japanese think of the marriage of a young couple as ________
A. a sign showing the love between them.
B. an opportunity for their parents to show their love for their children.
C. a private affair for the boy and the girl.
D. an important matter having influence on the whole family.
32. In arranging a marriage in Japan, the matchmaker plays all the following roles EXCEPT ________
A. making arrangements for the wedding.
B. providing the information the families need.
C. arranging the "marriage interview".
D. attending the "marriage interview".
33. According to the passage, the best time to make arrangement for the wedding is ________
A. when the young couple agree to meet again.
B. when the young couple are sincere about their relation.
C. when the parents think it is time for their children go get married.
D. when the parents are well-informed about each other's family.
34. In the traditional Japanese way of marriage, the marriage money given by the boy's family is used for ________
A. the matchmaker's pay.
B. the "marriage interview".
C. the wedding ceremony and the new house.
D. the girl's wedding clothes.
35. According to the passage, what plays the most important role in the matching of young people in Japan? ________
A. Their parents' attitude.
B. Their family background.
C. Their occupation.
D. Their love for each other.
第二篇
What Is Shyness
People often talk as if shyness is a disease or mental condition that can be cured. I prefer to think of it as an emotional disability. It's something we are born with and something we carry with us in our entire lives. There are too many people, however, who seem to be determined to find some way of doing away with their shyness. In my opinion, It's a waste of time. I don't mean that we should do nothing about it; quite the contrary, I think we need to separate the basic fact of our shyness from our ability to function in a social environment.
Look at one of the most famous shy people of them all, Johnny Carson. This man is painfully shy, yet for decades he made a living talking and associating with different people every night, in front of a national audience. Carson has never done away with his shyness, but he had successfully found a way to deal with it to that extent that he could be,
not just a talk show host, but a legend among talk show hosts. Look also at Sally Fields, who has recently admitted her problem with shyness. This is a woman who has appeared in many films, TV shows, interviews yet in her early years she was so shy that she turned down a lunch invitation from Jane Fonda because she was terribly afraid of meeting her.
I guess that our shyness is there because each of us is born with some insecurity and this insecurity prevents us from reaching out to others the way people with a more open personality（个性）do. As we grow up and become adults, we have allowed our social skills to grow and develop. But we are still stuck in kindergarten（幼儿园）or elementary school or wherever it was that our shyness first took root in our psyches（心灵）.
36. In the author's view, shyness can be defined as ________
A. a disease that can be easily cured.
B. a not very normal mental condition.
C. an emotional disability.
D. something we pick up after birth.
37. In the eyes of the author, it's a waste of time to ________
A. look for ways of doing away with one's shyness.
B. develop a healthy personality.
C. talk with as many people as possible.
D. study where shyness comes from.
38. Which of the following is true of Johnny Carson? ________
A. He dared to speak in front of a national audience.
B. He has done away with his shyness successfully.
C. He failed to become a good talk show host.
D. He was described as a hero in some legend books.
39. The passage tells us that Sally Fields was ________
A. proud all the time.
B. impolite when young.
C. shy in her early years.
D. close to Jane Fonda.
40. The author thinks that our shyness is there because ________
A. we are not open enough.
B. we do not feel secure at heart.
C. we try to reach out to others all the time.
D. we lack certain social skills.
第三篇
Ocean Noise Pollution
Some scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.
The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.
Decibels（分贝）measured in water are different from those measured on land which cause pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of 195 would have the same effect as 120 decibels on land.
Some scientists have proposed setting a noise limit of 120 decibels in oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales（鲸鱼）.
A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales' ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed（出血）and become infected（感染）.
Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of 120 decibels. They say such a limit is
a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.
41. According to the passage, which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures? ________
A. The sound of a car.
B. The sound of voices.
C. Man-made noise pollution.
D. The sound of steps.
42. According to the passage, natural sounds include all of the following EXCEPT ________
A. sounds made by animals themselves.
B. ocean drilling.
C. underwater earthquakes.
D. the breaking of ice fields.
43. Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraph? ________
A. The same noise level produces a difference.
B. Different places may have different types of noises.
C. The decibel is not a suitable unit for measuring underwater noise.
D. Different ocean animals may have different reactions to noises.
44. Which of the following is true of whales? ________
A. They won't be confused by noises.
B. They are deaf to noises.
C. Their ability to reproduce will be lowered by high-level noises.
D. Their hearing will be damaged by high-level noises.
45. According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the future? ________
A. They will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution.
B. They will protect animals from harmful noises.
C. They will try to set a limit of 120 decibels.
D. They will study the effect of ocean noise pollution.
第5部分：补全短文（第46 ~ 50题，每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
How to Pass Exams
Do not underestimate（低估）the power of revision in the days and hours before an examination. The closer you are to the exam, the more chance you have of storing and retaining crucial information. But do not overdo it. 46 . An effective daily routine can help you through an exam period, so in the days leading up to your first exam, get into the habit of being up and ready to work by game. It can be a shock to the system after months of working to your own timetable to be mentally alert at that time if you have not prepared for it.
On the day of the exam, have a good breakfast, pack two of everything you need (pens, pencils, erasers, etc), then make your way to the examination hall in good time. 47 .
Once in your seat, simply pause for a few seconds and collect your thoughts. Close your eyes and take in a few
slow, deep breaths to help you relax. When you turn over the test paper, spend a short period reading through all the instructions and questions, paying particular attention to key verbs such as "discuss", "compare" and "evaluate".
48 . It is always wise to allow 10 minutes at the end of the exam to give yourself time to go back over your answers. Once you have selected the questions you wish to tackle, begin by attempting the one you think is your strongest. It will give you more confidence when you see a well-answered question down on paper. Also remember to write clearly, and do not be afraid to express the unexpected after all, examiners can get very bored marking stereotypical（千篇一律的）answers.
49 . If you do need something else to focus on to help you collect your thoughts, choose a fixture（固定设施）in the room, such as the ceiling or anything else that will not allow you to be distracted.
Finally, once you have finished, never hang around outside afterwards to attend the discussion by other students.
50 .
A. Do not arrive too early, though, as other people's anxiety can be contagious（传染性的）, and you may suffer from undue panic
B. Try not to be tempted to look at those around you, or at the clock
C. When you get home, read the examination paper through and look up all the words you didn't understand
D. Sleep, exercise and relaxation are all just as important
E. Map out a quick plan of points you wish to make and how much time you should spend on each question
F. Go and have a well-earned rest and then prepare for your next exam
第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Customs of the World
If you travel around the world, you will be surprised to find just how different the foreign customs can be 51 your own.
A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there 52 it impolite to use the left hand for passing food at table. The left hand is supposed to be 53 for washing yourself. Also in India, you might 54 a man apparently shaking his head at another and assume that he is disagreeing. But in many 55 of India a shake of the head is a gesture that shows agreement or acceptance. Nodding your head when you are offered a 56 in Bulgaria is likely to leave you thirsty. In that country you shake your head to indicate "yes" —a nod indicates "no". The Arabs are 57 for their hospitality（好客）. At a meal in the Arabic countries, you will find that any drinking vessel（器皿）is filled again 58 again as soon as you drain it. The way to 59 that you have had enough is to take the cup or glass in your hand and give it a little shake from side to side or place your hand over the top.
In Europe it is quite usual to 60 . Your legs when sitting talking to someone, even at an important meeting. Doing this when meeting an important person in Thailand, however, could 61 him or her unhappy. It is considered too informal an attitude 62 such an occasion. Also when in Thailand you are 63 supposed to touch the head of an adult —it's just not done. In Japan, it is quite usual for 64 to plan evening entertainment for themselves and leave their wives at home. In Europe such attitudes are disappearing.
Customs vary from country to 65 . Visitors may be at a loss as to what to do in a foreign environment. In such circumstances, the rule is: When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
51. A. from B. away C. within D. in
52. A. achieve B. consider C. test D. help
53. A. noticed B. used C. bought D. caused
54. A. hear B. hope C. miss D. see
55. A. countries B. people C. parts D. hills
56. A. drink B. pen C. hat D. hand
57. A. interested B. terrible C. careful D. famous
58. A. and B. till C. also D. still
59. A. discuss B. turn C. indicate D. forget
60. A. cross B. put C. take D. hurt
61. A. pay B. stop C. make D. point
62. A. outside B. below C. along D. for
63. A. not B. nor C. none D. no
64. A. men B. women C. boys D. girls
65. A. area B. place C. country D. space
职称英语等级考试模拟试题（三）
第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. It is useless to argue with him once he has made up his mind.
A. settled
B. solved
C. said
D. decided
2. International applicants are not eligible for financial aid.
A. impressed
B. mutual
C. qualified
D. outraged
3. Two events have highlighted the tensions in recent years.
A. distorted
B. extended
C. emphasized
D. illustrated
4. You must shine your shoes.
A. lighten
B. clean
C. wash
D. polish
5. Don't refuse to let me know if there is anything I can do for you.
A. turn down
B. reflect
C. rejoy
D. wait
6. John takes after his mother in character.
A. embarrasses
B. humiliates
C. identifies
D. resembles
7. They didn't realize how serious the problem was.
A. know
B. forget
C. doubt
D. remember
8. How many radios will your factory turn out this year?
A. produce
B. destroy
C. export
D. import
9. They had a far better yield than any other farm miles around this year.
A. goods
B. soil
C. climate
D. harvest
10. Even sensible men do absurd things sometimes.
A. careless
B. impulsive
C. regrettable
D. foolish
11. We consume a lot more than we are able to produce.
A. buy
B. sell
C. use
D. waste
12. The earthquake has cause serious damage to this city.
A. destruction
B. hurt
C. injury
D. wound
13. I think this is a deliberate insult.
A. careless
B. intentional
C. humiliating
D. serious
14. She longed to be envied and sought after.
A. hoped
B. wanted
C. was eager
D. wished
15. The sisters can't tolerate each other.
A. bear
B. hate
C. like
D. criticize
第2部分：阅读判断（第16 ~ 22题，每题1分，共7分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
"We hire talent."
Those are the words of Rod Franz, a civil service computer technology director, responding to the question of opportunities for women who are interested in pursuing careers as computer technicians.
On at least one of three shifts in his operation, the male-female ratio is 50 - 50. That is not surprising because government and educational institutes are required by the law to make every effort to open hiring opportunities to women and minority workers.
What may be even more interesting to young women is that, according to Franz, private industry is hiring women and minorities away from us. And, since private industry pays more, it succeeds.
Managers in the rapidly growing computer service field are quick to agree. They strongly encourage women to train for technician jobs, and they actively recruit female technicians across the country. They believe that this career field offers a wealth of possibility for women.
A recent study by the Devry Institute of Technology that involved 100 employment managers in the Chicago area showed, too, that the number of women entering the field of computer science is on the rise, and that those already in the field are moving up. A significant increase in the number of women in technical positions over the past five years was reported by 68 percent of the managers. Overall, companies reported a 20 percent increase in the number of women hired.
The Devry study showed a strong willingness on the part of employment managers to hire qualified women. In jobs traditionally considered male positions, the stereotype is quickly being eroded. Companies want to hire well-qualified people, people who know what they are doing, according to the study. Personnel（人事部门）managers
interviewed ranked specific skills and education as the primary qualifications for employment and, of the two, skills were clearly preferred.
"We hire talent" are three key words. Employers want workers who are skilled and experienced on the particular equipment or in the specific area of work where their need is.
16. Government and educational institutes are required by the law to make every effort to open hiring opportunities to women and minority workers.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. Managers in the rapidly growing computer service field preferred men to women.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. Women who are already in the field of computer science are being promoted.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. Overall, companies reported a 40 percent increase in the number of women hired.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. Employers prefer to hire more skilled women.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. In jobs traditionally considered female positions, the stereotype is quickly being eroded.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. Companies want to hire well-qualified people, who know what they are doing, according to the Devry study.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
s
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23 ～30题，每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23 ～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1、2、4、5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27 ～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
A Brief Introduction of Hurricanes（龙卷风）
1. Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers. The first names were simply Alpha, Bravo. Charlie, etc. But in 1953, female names were given because of the unpredictability（不可预知）factor of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist（性别歧视的）nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women.
2. Hurricanes and typhoons（台风）are the same things. If they form in the Atlantic, we call these strong storms hurricanes, from the west Indian word hurricane, meaning "big wind". And if they are Pacific storms, they are called typhoons from the Chinese tai fun, meaning "great wind". To be classified as a hurricane, the storm must have maximum winds of at least 75 mph. These storms are big, many hundreds of miles in diameter.
3. Hurricanes get their power from water vapor as it gives out its stored-up energy. All water vapor gives out heat as it condenses（凝结）from a gaseous state to a liquid state over fixed points on the equator（赤道）. To make a hurricane, you must have extremely wet, warm air, the kind of air that can only be found in tropical regions.
4. Scientists have determined that the heat given out in the process of water condensation can be as high as 95 billion kilowatts per hour. In just one day alone, the storm can produce more energy than many industrialized nations need in an entire year! The problem is that we don't know how to make such great energy work for us.
5. Predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks for forecasters. It moves at a typical speed of 15 mph. But not always. Some storms may race along at twice this speed, then suddenly stop and remain in the same location in the ocean for several days. It can be maddening（发疯的）if you live in a coastal area that may be hit.
6. The biggest advance in early detection is continuous watch from weather satellites. With these, we can see the storms form and track them fully, from birth to death. While they can still kill people and destroy property, hurricanes will
never surprise any nation again.
23. Paragraph 1 ________
24. Paragraph 2 ________
25. Paragraph 4 ________
26. Paragraph 5 ________
27. Both male and female names are used for hurricanes in consideration of ________.
28. Using weather satellites can ensure ________ of hurricanes.
29. Energy specialists may be interested in ________ of hurricanes.
30. Scientists cannot accurately predict the course of a hurricane due to ________.
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇
Pessimism Increases Risk of Early Death
A 70-year study of personality suggests that pessimism（悲观主义）is a risk factor for early death, especially among men.
The study results also indicate that pessimism can be linked to increased risk for sudden death from accidents or violence, according to the report published in the March issue of Psychological Science.
Christopher Peterson of the University of Michigan and his colleagues analyzed data from the Terman Life-Cycle Study, which began by studying California public-school children with high IQs in 1921 and followed them through their life. Most of the 1528 children were preadolescents（少年）when the study began. Those still living are now in
2016职称英语考试真题及答案 第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题l分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线，请为每处下划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1、Have you talked to her?lately? https://www.doczj.com/doc/6814613592.html,stly B.finally C.shortly D.recently 2、 About?one quarter of?the workers in the country are employed in factories. A.third B.fourth C.tenth D.fifteenth 3、 The dentist has decided to?extract?her bad tooth. A.take out B.repair C.push in D.dig 4、 We shall keep the money in a?secure?place. A.clean
B.secret C.distant D.safe 5、 This table is strongand?durable. A.long-lasting B.extensive C.far reaching D.eternal 6、 He endured agonies before he finally?expired. A.fired B.resigned C.died D.retreated 7、 There are only five minutes left, but the?outcome?of the match is still in doubt. A.result B.judgement C.estimation D.event 8、 The great changes of the city?astonished?every visitor to that city A.attacked
2013年普通高等学校夏季招生全国统一考试数学理工农医类 (全国新课标卷II) 第Ⅰ卷 一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的． 1．(2013课标全国Ⅱ，理1)已知集合M ＝{x |(x －1)2＜4，x ∈R }，N ＝{－1,0,1,2,3}，则M ∩N ＝( )． A ．{0,1,2} B ．{－1,0,1,2} C ．{－1,0,2,3} D ．{0,1,2,3} 2．(2013课标全国Ⅱ，理2)设复数z 满足(1－i)z ＝2i ，则z ＝( )． A ．－1＋i B ．－1－I C ．1＋i D ．1－i 3．(2013课标全国Ⅱ，理3)等比数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n .已知S 3＝a 2＋10a 1，a 5＝9，则a 1＝( )． A ．13 B ．13- C ．19 D ．1 9- 4．(2013课标全国Ⅱ，理4)已知m ，n 为异面直线，m ⊥平面α，n ⊥平面β.直线l 满足l ⊥m ，l ⊥n ，l α，l β，则( )． A ．α∥β且l ∥α B ．α⊥β且l ⊥β C ．α与β相交，且交线垂直于l D ．α与β相交，且交线平行于l 5．(2013课标全国Ⅱ，理5)已知(1＋ax )(1＋x )5的展开式中x 2的系数为5，则a ＝( )． A ．－4 B ．－3 C ．－2 D ．－1 6．(2013课标全国Ⅱ，理6)执行下面的程序框图，如果输入的N ＝10，那么输出的S ＝( )． A ．1111+23 10+++ B ．1111+2!3! 10!+++ C ．1111+23 11+++ D ．1111+2!3!11!+++ 7．(2013课标全国Ⅱ，理7)一个四面体的顶点在空间直角坐标系O －xyz 中的坐标分别是 (1,0,1)，(1,1,0)，(0,1,1)，(0,0,0)，画该四面体三视图中的正视图时，以zOx 平面为投影面，则得到的正视图可以为( )． 8．(2013课标全国Ⅱ，理8)设a ＝log 36，b ＝log 510，c ＝log 714，则( )． A ．c ＞b ＞a B ．b ＞c ＞a C ．a ＞c ＞b D ．a ＞b ＞c
全国职称英语等级考试理工类押题试卷(二) 第一部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1The windchill factor, the combination of low temperature and wind speed, strikingly increases the degree of cold felt by a person who is outdoors. A effectively B remarkably C certainly D unquestionably 2Once thought doomed to extinction, southern sea otters are now stringently protected through the efforts of naturalist groups. A rigorously B minimally C federally D guardedly 3The park is a good place for strollers. A carriages B walkers C sprinters D campers 4At age twenty-five Orson Welles stunned the film world with his movie Citizen Kane. A amused B amazed C frightened D offended 5The disease, rust, stunts a plant's growth and leads to the destruction of the plant. A enhances B moderates C stops D hinders 6he Weddell seal of Antarctica can dive to a depth of about, 1,600 feet and remain submerged for as long as an hour and ten minutes. A underwater B fearless C unconscious D breathless 7Vice-President Lyndon Johnson became President of the United States following the death of John F. Kennedy and was subsequently elected to a full term in 1964. A duly B finally C later D therefore 8The outcry against the government's policies will subside only if a compromise is reached in the assembly. A die down B succeed C proceed D be dislodged
2020年综合类职称英语考前押题练习：阅读判断备考 Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take the fact of friendship for granted, we often don't clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very few - for example, the average among students is about 6 per person. Moreover, a great many relationships come under the blanket term "friendship". In all cases, two people like each other and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their mutual interest vary enormously. Initially, much depends on how people meet, and on favourable first impressions. As we get to know people, we take into account things like age, race, physical attractiveness economic and social status, and intelligence. Although these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult to relate to people when there is a marked difference in age and background. On a more immediate level, we are sensitive to actual behaviour, facial expression, and tone of voice. Friends will stand closer together and will spend more time looking at each other than mere acquaintances. Smiles and soft voices also express friendliness, and it is because they may transmit the wrong signals that shy people often have difficulty in making friends. A friendly gaze with the wrong facial expression can turn into an aggressive stare, and nervousness may be misread as hostility. People who do not
2013年普通高等学校夏季招生全国统一考试数学文史类 (全国卷I 新课标) 第Ⅰ卷 一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的． 1．(2013课标全国Ⅰ，文1)已知集合A ＝{1,2,3,4}，B ＝{x |x ＝n 2 ，n ∈A }，则A ∩B ＝( )． A ．{1,4} B ．{2,3} C ．{9,16} D ．{1,2} 2．(2013课标全国Ⅰ，文2) 2 12i 1i +(-)＝( )． A ． 11i 2-- B ．11+i 2- C ．11+i 2 D ．11i 2- 3．(2013课标全国Ⅰ，文3)从1,2,3,4中任取2个不同的数，则取出的2个数之差的绝对值为2的概率 是( )． A ．12 B ．13 C ．14 D ．16 4．(2013课标全国Ⅰ，文4)已知双曲线C ：2222=1x y a b -(a ＞0，b ＞0) 的离心率为2，则C 的渐近线方程 为( )． A ．y ＝14x ± B ．y ＝13x ± C ．y ＝1 2x ± D ．y ＝±x 5．(2013课标全国Ⅰ，文5)已知命题p ：?x ∈R,2x ＜3x ；命题q ：?x ∈R ，x 3 ＝1－x 2 ，则下列命题中为真命题的是( )． A ．p ∧q B ．?p ∧q C ．p ∧?q D ．?p ∧?q 6．(2013课标全国Ⅰ，文6)设首项为1，公比为 2 3 的等比数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ，则( )． A ．Sn ＝2an －1 B ．Sn ＝3an －2 C ．Sn ＝4－3an D ．Sn ＝3－2an 7．(2013课标全国Ⅰ，文7)执行下面的程序框图，如果输入的t ∈[－1,3]，则输出的s 属于( )． A ．[－3,4] B ．[－5,2] C ．[－4,3] D ．[－2,5] 8．(2013课标全国Ⅰ，文8)O 为坐标原点，F 为抛物线C ：y 2 ＝的焦点，P 为C 上一点，若|PF | ＝POF 的面积为( )． A ．2 B ． ．．4 9．(2013课标全国Ⅰ，文9)函数f (x )＝(1－cos x )sin x 在[－π，π]的图像大致为( )． 10．(2013课标全国Ⅰ，文10)已知锐角△ABC 的内角A ，B ，C 的对边分别为a ，b ，c,23cos 2 A ＋cos 2A ＝0，a ＝7，c ＝6，则b ＝( )． A ．10 B ．9 C ．8 D ．5
2013年理科数学全国卷Ⅰ答案与解析 一、选择题共12小题。每小题5分，共60分。在每个小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的一项。 1.已知集合{} {2|20,|A x x x B x x =->=<，则 ( ) A.A∩B=? B.A ∪B=R C.B ?A D.A ?B 考点 ：集合的运算 解析：A=(-,0)∪(2,+ ), ∴A ∪B=R. 答案：B 2.若复数z 满足(34)|43|i z i -=+，则z 的虚部为 ( ) A .4- B .45 - C .4 D . 45 考点 ：复数的运算 解析：由题知== = ，故z 的虚部为 . 答案：D 3.为了解某地区的中小学生视力情况，拟从该地区的中小学生中抽取部分学生进行调查，事先已了解到该地区小学.初中.高中三个学段学生的视力情况有较大差异，而男女生视力情况差异不大，在下面的抽样方法中，最合理的抽样方法是 ( ) A .简单随机抽样 B .按性别分层抽样 C.按学段分层抽样 D.系统抽样 考点 ：抽样的方法 解析：因该地区小学.初中.高中三个学段学生的视力情况有较大差异，故最合理的抽样方法是按学段分层抽样. 答案：C 4.已知双曲线 ： （ ）的离心率为 ，则 的渐近线方程为 A. B. C.1 2 y x =± D. 考点 ：双曲线的性质
解析：由题知，，即==，∴=，∴=，∴的渐近线方程为. 答案：C 5.运行如下程序框图，如果输入的，则输出s 属于 A.[3,4]- B .[5,2]- C.[4,3]- D.[2,5]- 考点 ：程序框图 解析：有题意知，当时， ，当 时， ， ∴输出s 属于[-3,4]. 答案：A 6.如图，有一个水平放置的透明无盖的正方体容器，容器高8cm ，将一个球放在容器口，再向容器内注水，当球面恰好接触水面时测得水深为6cm ，如果不计容器的厚度，则球的体积为 ( ) A . 3 5003 cm π B . 38663cm π C. 313723cm π D. 3 20483 cm π 考点 ：球的体积的求法 解析：设球的半径为R ，则由题知球被正方体上面截得圆的半径为4，球心到截面圆的距离为R-2，则 ，解得R=5，∴球的体积为 35003 cm π = . 答案：A 7.设等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为11,2,0,3n m m m S S S S -+=-==，则m = ( ) A .3 B .4 C.5 D.6 考点 ：等差数列
2019 年职称英语考试综合类考前押题试卷(4) 1.The news will horrify everyone. A. attract B. terrify C. tempt D. excite 2.The article sketched the major events of the decade. A. described B. offered C. outlined D. presented 3.I won't tolerate that kind of behavior. A. bear B. accept C. admit D. take 4.Their style o playing football is utterly different. A. barely B. scarcely C. hardly D. totally
5.Her sister urged herto apply for the job. A. advised B. caused C. forced D. promised 答案： 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.A 1.The news will horrify everyone. A. attract B. terrify C. tempt D. excite 2.The article sketched the major events of the decade. A. described B. offered C. outlined D. presented 3.I won't tolerate that kind of behavior. A. bear B. accept C. admit D. take 4.Their style o playing football is utterly different.
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国课标I) 理科数学 注意事项： 1．本试题分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，第Ⅰ卷1至3页，第Ⅱ卷3至5页． 2．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试题相应的位置． 3．全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试题上无效． 4．考试结束后，将本试题和答题卡一并交回． 第Ⅰ卷 一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1．已知集合A＝{x|x2－2x＞0}，B＝{x|－5＜x＜5}，则( )． A．A∩B＝ B．A∪B＝R C．B?A D．A?B 2．若复数z满足(3－4i)z＝|4＋3i|，则z的虚部为( )． A．－4 B． 4 5 - C．4 D． 4 5 3．为了解某地区的中小学生的视力情况，拟从该地区的中小学生中抽取部分学生进行调查，事先已了解到该地区小学、初中、高中三个学段学生的视力情况有较大差异，而男女生视力情况差异不大．在下面的抽样方法中，最合理的抽样方法是( )． A．简单随机抽样 B．按性别分层抽样 C．按学段分层抽样 D．系统抽样 4．已知双曲线C： 22 22 =1 x y a b -(a＞0，b＞0)的离心率为 5 2 ，则C的渐近线方程为( )． A．y＝ 1 4 x ± B．y＝ 1 3 x ± C．y＝ 1 2 x ± D．y＝±x 5．执行下面的程序框图，如果输入的t∈[－1,3]，则输出的s属于( )．
A ．[－3,4] B ．[－5,2] C ．[－4,3] D ．[－2,5] 6．如图，有一个水平放置的透明无盖的正方体容器，容器高8 cm ，将一个球放在容器口，再向容器内注水，当球面恰好接触水面时测得水深为6 cm ，如果不计容器的厚度，则球的体积为( )． A ． 500π3cm 3 B ．866π3 cm 3 C ． 1372π3cm 3 D ．2048π3 cm 3 7．设等差数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ，若S m －1＝－2，S m ＝0，S m ＋1＝3，则m ＝( )． A ．3 B ．4 C ．5 D ．6 8．某几何体的三视图如图所示，则该几何体的体积为( )．
2019年职称英语《卫生类》考前阅读判断押题 Survey Finds Many Women Misinformed about Cancer Sixty-three percent of American women think that if there's no family history of cancer,you’re not likely to develop the disease,a new survey found. In fact,most people who develop cancer have no family history of cancer,according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists（ACOG）（美国妇产科医师学 会）,which sponsored the survey. “Too many women are dying from cancer,”Dr. Douglas W. Laube,ACOG's immediate past president,said during a Friday teleconference. “An estimated 200,070women will die in the U. S. this year,and over 600,078 women will be diagnosed with cancer,The results of this survey found a worrisome（令人担忧的）gap in women’s know ledge about cancer.” Based on the findings. ACOG is increasing its efforts to educate women about cancer and the need for regular screening tests. Although the survey found many misconceptions（错误观点）about cancer,76 percent of women surveyed did say they feel knowledgeable about how they can reduce their risk of the disease. However,only 52 percent said they were doing enough to reduce that risk. And 10 percent said they hadn't done anything in the past year to lower their risk. Seventeen percent said they wouldn’t ch ange their lifestyles,even if changes would lower their cancer risk.
2015职称英语考试真题及解析 【天宇考王】为广大考生归纳总结职称外语最新考试资讯，让考生最先了解职称外语考试报名等有关事项的通知，天宇考王是一款上机练习题库软件，有单机版、网页版、手机版、三位一体多平台学习模式。 词汇学习四每组词汇学习有15 道小题。在每道题的句子里都有一个加底线的词或短语，请在四个选项中找出与加底线的词或短语意义最相近的一项。 1．Many fine cooks insist on ingredients of the highest quality． A)demand B)rely on C)prepare for D)create 1．A insist on：坚持。与demand(要求；强求)意思比较接近。The Labour Party has demanded an explanation from the government．工党已要求政府作出解释。rely on：依靠。We have to rely on him for the tickets．我们不得不靠他搞票。prepare for：为……做准备。I have been preparing for the final exam．我一直在准备期末考试。create：产生；创建。His work created enormous interest in England．他的作品在英格兰引起很大关注。 2．Since the Great Depression，the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices. A)slight B)surprising C)sudden D)harmful 2．D damaging：有损害的。与harmful(有害的)意思相近。The rays of the sun，in excess，can be very harmful．过量的阳光可能会非常有害。slight：少量的。He has a slight German accent．他有一点德国口音。surprising：令人吃惊的。It was surprising that the little girl could answer this question．小女孩能回答这个问题，令人吃惊。sudden：突然的。There was a sudden drop in the temperature last night．昨夜气温突然下降。 3．Cement was seldom used in building during the Middle Ages. A)crudely B)rarely C)originally D)symbolically 3．B seldom：很少；不常。与rarely(难得；不常)意思相近。I rarely get up early on Sundays．星期天我很少早起。crudely：粗糙地；粗野地。Everyone was dressed in crudely sewn shorts and shirts．人人都穿着缝制得很粗糙的短裤和衬衫。originally：原来；创造性地。I stayed longer than I had originally planned．我逗留的时问比原来计划的要长。symbolically：象征性地：The park was decorated symbolically.公园只是象征性地装点了一下 4 Nerve signals may travel through nerve or muscle fibers at speeds as high as two hundred miles per hour. A)velocities B)impulses C)ratios D)atrocities 4．A speed：速度。与velocity(速度；快速)的意思相近。Scientists spent years studying the velocity of light．科学家们花了许多年研究光速。impulse：冲动。0n impulse，I went into the shop and bought this expensive watch．在一时冲动下，我走进商店，买下了这块昂贵的手表。ratio：比，比率。The ratio of pupils to teachers is 30 to 1．学生与教师之间的比例是30比1。
数学试卷 第1页（共21页） 数学试卷 第2页（共21页） 数学试卷 第3页（共21页） 绝密★启用前 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国新课标卷1) 理科数学 使用地区：河南、山西、河北 注意事项： 1.本试题分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分,第Ⅰ卷1至3页,第Ⅱ卷3至6页. 2.答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试题相应的位置. 3.全部答案在答题卡上完成,答在本试题上无效. 4.考试结束后,将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回. 第Ⅰ卷 一、选择题：本大题共12小题,每小题5分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合 题目要求的. 1.已知集合2 0{}|2A x x x =-> ,{|B x x <<=,则 ( ) A .A B =R B .A B =? C .B A ? D .A B ? 2.若复数z 满足(34i)|43i|z -=+,则z 的虚部为 ( ) A .4- B .45 - C .4 D .45 3.为了解某地区的中小学生视力情况,拟从该地区的中小学生中抽取部分学生进行调查,事先已了解到该地区小学、初中、高中三个学段学生的视力情况有较大差异,而男女生视力情况差异不大.在下面的抽样方法中,最合理的抽样方法是 ( ) A .简单随机抽样 B .按性别分层抽样 C .按学段分层抽样 D .系统抽样 4.已知双曲线C ：22 221(0,0)x y a b a b -=>> ,则C 的渐近线方程为 ( ) A .1 4y x =± B .1 3y x =± C .1 2 y x =± D .y x =± 5.执行如图的程序框图,如果输入的[1,3]t ∈-,则输出的s 属于 ( ) A .[3,4]- B .[5,2]- C .[4,3]- D .[2,5]- 6.如图,有一个水平放置的透明无盖的正方体容器,容器 高8cm ,将一个球放在容器口,再向容器内注水,当球 面恰好接触水面时测得水深为6cm ,如果不计容器的 厚度,则球的体积为 ( ) A .3866π cm 3 B . 3500π cm 3 C .31372πcm 3 D .32048πcm 3 7.设等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,12m S -=-,0m S =,13m S +=,则m = ( ) A .3 B .4 C .5 D .6 8.某几何体的三视图如图所示,则该几何的体积为 ( ) A .168π+ B .88π+ C .1616π+ D .816π+ 9.设m 为正整数,2()m x y +展开式的二项式系数的最大值 为a ,21()m x y ++展开式的二项式系数的最大值为b .若137a b =,则m = ( ) A .5 B .6 C .7 D .8 10.已知椭圆 E ：22 221(0)x y a b a b +=>>的右焦点为(3,0)F ,过点F 的直线交E 于A ,B 两点. 若AB 的中点坐标为(1,1)-,则E 的方程为 ( ) A .22 14536 x y += B .2213627x y += C .2212718x y += D .22 1189x y += 11.已知函数22,0, ()ln(1),0.x x x f x x x ?-+=?+>? ≤若|()|f x ax ≥,则a 的取值范围是 ( ) A .(,1]-∞ B .(,0]-∞ C .[2,1]- D .[2,0]- 12.设n n n A B C △的三边长分别为n a ,n b ,n c ,n n n A B C △的面积为n S ,1,2,3, n =.若11b c >,1112b c a +=,1n n a a +=,12n n n c a b ++= ,12 n n n b a c ++=,则 ( ) A .{}n S 为递增数列 B .{}n S 为递减数列 C .21{}n S -为递增数列,2{}n S 为递减数列 D .21{}n S -为递减数列,2{}n S 为递增数列 第Ⅱ卷 本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分.第13题～第21题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须作答.第22题～第24题为选考题,考生根据要求作答. 二、填空题：本大题共4小题,每小题5分. 13.已知两个单位向量a ,b 的夹角为60,(1)t t =+-c a b .若0=b c ,则t =________. 14.若数列{}n a 的前n 项和21 33 n n S a = +,则{}n a 的通项公式是n a =________. 15.设当x θ=时,函数()sin 2cos f x x x =-取得最大值,则cos θ=________. 16.设函数22()(1)()f x x x ax b =-++的图象关于直线2x =-对称,则()f x 的最大值为________. 三、解答题：解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤. --------在 --------------------此--------------------卷-------------------- 上-------------------- 答-------------------- 题-------------------- 无-------------------- 效 ---------------- 姓名________________ 准考证号_____________
卫生A 阅读理解(押题文章详解共一篇) 第三十九篇Sauna桑拿浴 Ceremonial礼仪的bathing沐浴has existed存在for thousands of years and has many很多forms形式,（第1题答案出处）one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath，or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and' pre-Columbian Americans used sweat lodges. The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, “ savusauna”，is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke.（第2题答案出处）Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available. Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving, （第3题答案出处1）Those with muscle aches or arthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation. Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion arid speed recovery（第3题答案出处2）time. The body’s core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever. The sauna could be considered to follow the old saying “feed a cold，starve a fever' The regular use of a sauna may decrease减少the likelihood可能性of getting a cold in the first place.（第3题答案出处3） Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow.（第4题答案出处）The loss in water weight is temporary as the body's physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute. A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor's advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women（第5题答案出处）should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions at first to become accustomed to this type of bath. 文章标题为“Sauna桑拿浴”，尽管短小，但比起如“水”、“睡眠”这样的标题，想象空间不大，全文无外乎将阐述，如桑拿浴的历史，种类，优点等相关内容。文章第一句话“仪式性的沐浴已经有几千年的历史，并很有多种形式，其中的一种就是桑拿浴。”可使我们确定此判断。
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷） 理科数学 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共6页．考试时间120分钟．满分150分． 答题前，考生务必用0.5毫米的黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考号填写在第Ⅰ卷答题卡和第Ⅱ卷答题纸规定的位置． 参考公式： 样本数据n x x x ,,21的标准差 n x x x x x x s n 2 2221)()()(-++-+-= 其中x 为样本平均数 球的面积公式 2 4R S π= 第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共60分） 一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的． 1.复数 i i ++121（i 是虚数单位）的虚部是 A ．23 B ．2 1 C ．3 D ．1 2.已知R 是实数集，{} 11,12+-==? ?? ???<=x y y N x x M ，则=M C N R A ．)2,1( B ．[]2,0 C.? D ．[]2,1 3.现有10个数，其平均数是4，且这10个数的平方和是200，那么这个数组的标准差是 A ．1 B ．2 C ．3 D ．4 4.设n S 为等比数列{}n a 的前n 项和，0852=-a a ，则 =2 4 S S A ．5 B ．8 C ．8- D ．15 5.已知函数)6 2sin()(π -=x x f ，若存在),0(π∈a ，使得)()(a x f a x f -=+恒成立，则a 的值是 A ． 6π B ．3π C ．4π D ．2 π 6.已知m 、n 表示直线，γβα,,表示平面，给出下列四个命题，其中真命题为 （1）βααβα⊥⊥?=则,,,m n n m （2）m n n m ⊥==⊥则,,,γβγαβα （3）,,βα⊥⊥m m 则α∥β
绝密★启用前 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标Ⅰ卷) 数 学(理科) 一、 选择题共12小题。每小题5分，共60分。在每个小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项 是符合题目要求的一项。 1、已知集合A=｛x |x 2－2x ＞0｝，B=｛x |－5＜x ＜5｝，则 ( ) A 、A∩B=? B 、A ∪B=R C 、B ?A D 、A ?B 【命题意图】本题主要考查一元二次不等式解法、集合运算及集合间关系，是容易题. 【解析】A=(-∞,0)∪(2,+∞), ∴A ∪B=R,故选B. 2、若复数z 满足错误！未找到引用源。 (3－4i)z ＝|4＋3i |，则z 的虚部为 ( ) A 、－4 （B ）－4 5 错误！未找到引用源。 （C ）4 （D ）45 【命题意图】本题主要考查复数的概念、运算及复数模的计算，是容易题. 【解析】由题知z =|43|34i i +- ==3455i +，故z 的虚部为4 5，故选D. 3、为了解某地区的中小学生视力情况，拟从该地区的中小学生中抽取部分学生进行调查，事先已了解到该地区小学、初中、高中三个学段学生的视力情况有较大差异，而男女生视力情况差异不大，在下面的抽样方法中，最合理的抽样方法是 ( ) A 、简单随机抽样 B 、按性别分层抽样错误！未找到引用源。 C 、按学段分层抽样 D 、系统抽样 【命题意图】本题主要考查分层抽样方法，是容易题. 【解析】因该地区小学、初中、高中三个学段学生的视力情况有较大差异，故最合理的抽样方法是按学段分层抽样，故选C. 4、已知双曲线C ：22 22 1x y a b -=（0,0a b >> ）的离心率为2，则C 的渐近线方程为 A . 14y x =± B .13y x =± C .1 2y x =± D .y x =± 【命题意图】本题主要考查双曲线的几何性质，是简单题.