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计算机英语1116

计算机英语1116
计算机英语1116

1. retrieve information

2. network architecture

3. web-browsing and e-mail application

4. application protocol

5. e-mail routing information

6. authoritative name server

7. multipurpose internet mail extensions

8. datagram communication service

9. flow control algorithms

10. check bits

11. transmission control protocol

12. user datagram protocol

13. routing table

14. interprect as command 1。信息检索

2。网络架构

3。网页浏览和电子邮件应用4。应用协议

5。电子邮件路由信息

6。权威域名服务器

7。多用途Internet邮件扩展8。数据报通信服务

9。流量控制算法

10。校验位

11。传输控制协议

12。用户数据报协议

13。路由表

14。解释为命令

1. what is a protocol , really? it is software that resides either in a computer's memory or in the memory of a transmission device, like a network interface card. when data is ready for transmission, this software is executed. the software prepares data for transmission and sets the transmission in motion. At the receiving end, the software takes the data off the wire and prepares it for the computer by taking off all the information added by the transmitting end.

什么是协议,真的吗?它是软件,它驻留在计算机内存的一个或在一个传动装置的记忆像一个网络接口卡。当数据准备好传输,这个软件被执行。软件准备传输数据,并设置在运动传递。在接收端,该软件起飞线的数据,并准备采取关闭所有信息的计算机通过发送端补充说。

2. The open system interconnection (OSI) model includes a set of protocols that attempt to define and standardize the data communication process. The OSI protocols were defined by the international organization for standardization (OSI). The OSI protocols have received the support of most major computer and network vendors, many large customers, and most governments, including the united states.

开放系统互连(OSI)模型包括一个协议,企图界定和规范的数据通信过程中设置。在OSI 协议的定义由标准化(OSI)的国际组织。OSI的协议已经得到了大多数主要的计算机和网络供应商,许多大客户,大多数政府,包括美国的支持。

3. The presentation layer performs code conversion and data reformatting (syntax translation). It is the translator of the network, making sure the data is in the correct form for the receiving application. Of course, both the sending and receiving applications must be able to use data subscribing to one of the available abstract data syntax forms. Most commonly, application handle these sorts of data translations themselves rather than handing them off to a presentation layer.

表示层执行的代码转换和数据格式化(语法翻译)。这是网络的翻译,确保了数据的接收应用程序的正确形式。当然,无论是发送和接收应用程序必须能够使用数据订阅可用的抽象数据的语法形式之一。最常见的应用程序句柄本身,而不是交给他们开了一个表示层的数据转换这种类型。

1. OSI模型把网络通信的工作分为7层,每一层负责一项具体的工作,然后把数据传送到

下一层。

OSI model is the work of the network communications into seven layers, each layer is responsible for a specific job, and then send the data to the next level.

2.TCP/IP协议覆盖了OSI网络结构七层模型中的六层,并支持从交换到应用程序诸如邮

件服务方面的功能。TCP/IP的核心功能是寻址和路由选择以及传输控制。

TCP / IP protocol covers the OSI network model, the six-seven, and support from the exchange to the application functions such as mail services. TCP / IP addressing and the core functions of routing and transmission control.

3. TCP主要提供数据流转送,可靠传输,有效流控制,全双工操作和多路传输技术。

The main provider of data transfer to send TCP, reliable transmission and effective flow control, full-duplex operation and multiplexing technology.。

1. subscriber access network

2. internet backbone

3. internet backbone

4. cable television network

5. co-axial cable

6. point-to-multipoint optical network

7. logical link identifier

8. channel capacity

9. asynchronous transfer mode

10. time-division multiple access

11. full service access network

12. generic framing procedure

13. synchronous digital hierarchy

14. quality of service 1。用户接入网络

2。互联网骨干网

3。互联网骨干网

4。有线电视网

5。同轴电缆

6。点对点点对多点光纤网络7。逻辑链路标识

8。信道容量

9。异步传输模式

10。时分多址

11。全业务接入网

12。通用成帧规程

13。同步数字层次

14。服务质量

1.As local area networks become more and more prevalent and increasingly vital to the daily operation of organization, the need to connect multiple LANs together has become as crucial as it once was to link individual PCs into a workgroup, more and more, it’s likely that a worker linked into a firm’s marketing department workgroup requires access to resources, located on another LAN within the company –a database in the engineering network, for example.

由于本地区域网络变得越来越普遍,越来越重要的组织的日常运作,需要连接在一起具有至关重要成为它曾经是连接到一个工作组的个人电脑上的多个局域网,越来越多,很可能是一到公司的营销部门工作组与工人需要访问到另一例如在公司的一个数据库中的工程网络局域网上的资源。

2.most bridges operate only between similar LAN technologies – between two Ethernets or two token rings, for example – but some do offer cross- technology capabilities. They regulate traffic by filtering data frames based on the destination address. When a frame’s destination address is local, it is not forwarded by the bridge. When the destination address is remote-i.e.. to a node on another workgroup-the bridge forwards it. Bridges automatically “learn” the addresses of the devices attached to their subnetwork..

大多数桥梁只开设类似LAN技术之间-两个或两个以太网令牌环,例如-但有些确实提供跨技术能力。他们通过过滤调节在目标地址的数据帧流量。当一个帧的目的地址是本地的,它不转发的桥梁。当目的地址是远程即到另一个工作组,桥梁转发节点。桥梁自动“学习“的重视他们的子网的设备的地址。

3.they spanning-tree algorithm allows physical loops to exist in a bridged Ethernet network. Loops , which are formed when there are multiple data paths between two segments of an ethernet network, are particularly useful in mission-critical networks because they provide fault-tolerant redundancy and permit internetwork devices to find and use the most efficient routes between the other internetwork devices on that enterprise-wise LAN.

他们生成树算法允许物理环路存在于一个桥接以太网网络。循环,它的形成有多个数据时,两个以太网网段的路径,特别在关键任务网络有用,因为它们提供容错冗余,并允许互联网络设备之间的发现和使用其他互联网络的最有效的路线该设备的企业明智的网络。

1. point-to-point connections

2. bandwidth sharing and allocation

3. usb host controller interface

4. enhanced host controller interface

5. full speed usb peripherals

6. detachable cable

7. isochronous data transfers

8. upstream connection

9. tiered-stars topology

10. interrupt data transfers

11. bulk data transfers

12. high mobility performance radio local

area network 1。点至点连接

2。带宽共享和分配

3。USB主机控制器接口4。增强主机控制器接口5。全速USB外设

6。可分离电缆

7。同步数据传输

8。上游连接

9。分层拓扑星

10。数据传输中断

11。批量数据传输

12。高移动性无线局域网

1.until recently, the star topology has been found mostly in minicomputer and mainframe environments. These typically consist of a system of terminals or PCs, each wired to a central processor. It is also used by AT&T both its star LAN network and its private branch exchange (PBX) based network. The star topology is ideal for wise area network (WAN) applications in which outlying offices must communicate with a central office.

直到最近,星型拓扑结构已被发现主要是在小型机和大型机环境。这些通常由一个终端或个人电脑,连接到每一个中央处理机系统。它也可用于由AT&T同时它的恒星局域网网络及其专用分支交换(PBX)的网络。星型拓扑结构是明智的广域网(WAN)应用中,外围机构必须与中央沟通,办公的理想。

2.in a bus topology, all workstations on the network are attached to a single cable. Ethernet, appletalk, and IBM’s PC network are examples of bus-based networks. This sharing of the transmission media (or cable) has several important ramifications. Most importantly. It means that the cable can carry only one message at a time, and each workstation on the network must be capable of knowing when it can and cannot transmit using this shared medium.

在一个总线拓扑结构,网络上的所有工作站都连接到一个单一的电缆。以太网,AppleTalk 和IBM的电脑网络是基于总线网络的例子。这种传输介质(或有线)交流有几个重要的影

响。最重要的。这意味着,电缆能同时携带只有一个邮件,网络上的每个工作站必须知道什么时候能和不能使用这种共享传输介质的能力。

3.ethernet employs what is called a carrier sense multiple access/collision detection (CSMA/CD) access method to arbitrate use of the cable and to maximize its throughput. In this method, each station on the bus is always listening on the cable for transmission for other stations. It only transmits when the cable is not busy with another transmission. It is able to sense the collision that occurs when it and another station on the bus transmit at the same moment. Having sensed that a collision has occurred-and that the transmission has miscarried-each workstation waits a random time period (usually several microseconds) before retransmitting.

以太网采用一种被称为载波监听多路访问/冲突检测(CSMA/ CD)的访问方法来仲裁该电缆的使用,并最大限度地提高其吞吐量。在此方法中,总线上的每个站总是听着就为其他电台传输电缆。它只有在电缆传输时未与其他传输忙碌。它能够感应到碰撞发生时,再加上公交车站在同一时间传送。有感觉到发生碰撞,而且传输已经流产,每个工作站重发之前等待一个随机的时间内(通常几微秒)。

1. 在物理上,usb接口技术由三个部分组成,一是具备usb接口的pc机系统;二是支持

usb接口的系统软件,三是使用usb接口的设备。

In physics, usb interface technology consists of three parts, one pc with usb interface machine system; the second is support for usb interface, system software, third is to use the usb interface devices.

2. usb数据线传送差分信号,所有通信由根集线器初始化,并由外部集线器复制,其连接

为点到点,采用半双工。

usb data cable transfer differential signals, all traffic from the root hub initialization, reproduction by an external hub, the connection is point to point, with half-duplex.

3. 通俗地说,无线局域网(wireless local-area network, WLAN)就是在不采用传统缆线

的同时,提供以太网或者令牌网络的功能。

In layman's terms, wireless LAN (wireless local-area network, WLAN) that is at the same time without using the traditional cable, Ethernet or token networks.

4. 无线局域网利用了无线多址信道的一种有效方法来支持计算机之间的通信,并为通信的

移动化、个性化和多媒体应用提供了可能。

Wireless LAN using a wireless multi-access channel is an effective method to support the communication between computers, and mobile communications, personalization and multimedia applications possible

1. upper- and lower-layer protocols

2. private address space

3. end-to-end communication

4. peer-to-peer communications

5. stateless and stateful address

configuration

6. internet control message protocol

7. address resolution protocol 8. twisted-pair cable

1。大写和小写层协议

2。私有地址空间

3。终端到终端的通信

4。点对点对等通信

5。无状态和有状态地址配置6。Internet控制消息协议

7。地址解析协议8。双绞线

1. the network-access layer handles the exchange of data among a host, the network

that host is attached to , and a host within the same network . the sending host

provides the network with the network address of the receiving host to ensure that the network routes the data properly.

网络接入层处理主机之间的数据交换,该主机连接到网络,并在同一网络的主机。发送主机提供与接收主机的网络地址网络,以确保网络数据的正确路线。

2. with Microsoft windows dominating today’s personal computing market, peer-to-peer

networking is certainly an easy-to-configure , low-cost avenue for sharing files and printers at home or a small business . once the computers and printers in peer-to-peer network have been physically connected, actually setting up the sharing of files and printers is a very straightforward matter.

与微软的视窗主宰今天的个人电脑市场,点对点等网络无疑是一个易于配置,低成本的共享文件和打印机在家里或小型商业大街。一旦计算机和点对点等网络物理连接了,其实成立的文件和打印机共享打印机是一个非常简单的事情。

1. 迈特卡夫定律认为,一个网络的价值是随用户数的平方而增加的,每一个新的用户将给接入这个网上的其他用户带来附加价值,它反映了影响市场的社会需求因素,体现为信息网络的扩张效应。

Matt Kraft's law that the value of a network with the square of the number of users increases, each new user will access the Internet to bring added value to other users, and it reflects the social demand factors influencing the market, Reflected the expansion of information network effects.

2. Ipv6是下一个版本的互联网协议,它的提出最初是因为随着互联网的迅速发展,Ipv4定义的有限地址空间将被耗尽,为了扩大地址空间,拟通过Ipv6重新定义地址空间。

Ipv6 is the next version of Internet protocol, which was originally proposed because, as the rapid development of the Internet, Ipv4 definition will be exhausted the limited address space, in order to expand the address space, to be redefined through the Ipv6 address space.

1. command-line mode

2. query/response mechanism

3. internet control message protocol

4. path discovery

5. routing table

6. traffic capture tools

7. protocol analyzer

8. multicast address

9. capture engine

10. type-of –service 1。命令行模式

2。查询/响应机制

3。Internet控制消息协议4。路径发现

5。路由表

6。交通捕捉工具

7。协议分析仪

8。组播地址

9。捕获引擎

10。类型的服务

1.The first thing to check when there is an apparent Ethernet link problem is the link light . unfortunately, 10base2 and 10base5 (coax-based Ethernet ) don’t typically have link indicators. But practically every NIC you’ll encounter nowadays has a link light that lights

up whenever the interface receives link pulses from the other end. (10baseT interfaces generate link pulses about 60 times each second when there is no data on the cable.) Practically every hub, switch or router also has a link LED that stays on steadily when it receives link pluses.

首先要检查时,有一个明显的以太网连接的问题是连接指示灯。不幸的是,10base2和

10base5(同轴电缆的以太网)通常没有联系的指标。但是,几乎每一个网卡,你会遇到现在有一个链接的光,每当亮起接口接收来自另一端连接脉冲。(10BaseT的接口产生大约60次,第二个链接脉冲时,有没有对电缆的数据。)

实际上,每个集线器,交换机或路由器也有一个链接的LED稳步加号时,收到链接的住宿。

https://www.doczj.com/doc/6313938711.html,work management tools, whether they are as application-specific as a performance monitor or as comprehensive as IBM’s mainframe-based netview, help bring some order to the potentially chaotic network management environment. They give network managers information and capabilities they can use in the battle to keep their networks running trouble-free.

网络管理工具,无论是作为特定应用作为一个性能监视器或像IBM的大型主机为基础的netview全面,有助于带来一些潜在的混乱秩序的网络管理环境。他们给网络管理者提供信息和能力,他们在战斗中使用可以保持其网络上运行无故障。

3.Most network operating systems (NOSs) provide some level of network management capabilities; in particular, almost all the leading NOSs offer password-protection schemes that limit users’ access to network resources. Novell, for instance, implements its Netware management scheme through user profiles, which define not only the user’s access rights, but the user’s classifications (supervisor, workgroup manager, console operator, or user), which also determine the resources they can access.

大多数网络操作系统(诺斯)提供某种水平的网络管理能力,特别是几乎所有领先的诺斯提供密码保护计划,限制用户访问网络资源。Novell公司,例如,实现了它的Netware通过用户配置文件管理方案,它定义不仅用户的访问权限,但用户的分类(主管,工作组管理器,控制台操作员或用户),这也决定了资源,他们可以访问。

1.其实ping命令不仅在局域网中广泛使用,在internet互联网中也经常使用它来探测网络的远程连接情况。

In fact, not only in the local area network ping command is widely used in internet Internet often use it to probe the network for remote connections.

https://www.doczj.com/doc/6313938711.html,stat命令可以显示有关统计信息和当前tcp/ip网络连接的情况,用户或网络管理人员可以得到非常详尽的统计结果。

Netstat command to display information about the statistics and the current tcp / ip network connection, users or network managers can get very detailed statistical results. 3.在网络入侵取证系统中,对网络上传送的数据包进行有效地监听即捕获包是目前取证的关键技术,只有进行高效的数据包捕获,网络管理员才能对所捕获的数据进行一系列的分析,从而进行可靠的网络安全管理。

In network intrusion forensics system, the data transmitted on the network to effectively monitor packet capture packets is evidence that the key technology, only for efficient packet capture, network administrators can capture data on the analysis of a series of To be reliable network security management.

计算机英语实用教程课后题参考答案

课后参考答案 unit 1 〖Ex. 1〗根据课文内容,回答以下问题: 1) It is primarily responsible for executing instructions. 2) Through the monitor. 3) All processors, memory modules, plug-in cards, daughterboards, or peripheral devices can be plugged in those sockets. 4) The binary system is used. 5) Through clever formatting. 6) They are similar to each other. ROM only cannot be altered and does not lose its contents when power is removed. 7) “Mouses” 8) Floppy disks can be removed from their drives and hard disks can’t. 9) Because it is faster than many types of parallel port. 10) I/O Port.

〖Ex. 3〗把下列句子翻译为中文: 1)绝大部分计算机上键盘是主要的文本输入设备。 2)最常见的鼠标器顶部有两个按钮,左按钮是用得最多的。 3)Win 95 和其它操作系统让用户可以调节鼠标器的灵敏度。 4)有些系统向用户提供几种不同的光标显示方式供选择。 5)有些人用鼠标垫子提高鼠标球滚动的摩擦力。 6)右边第二个按钮通常提供一些不太常用的功能。 7)有些鼠标器厂家也为左撇子提供适用的鼠标驱动程序。 8)如今鼠标器是任何个人计算机用户图形界面不可分割的一部分。 9)键盘也包括某些标准功能键。 10)IBM兼容机为商用机(也可用于家庭) 〖Ex. 4〗把下列短文翻译成中文 系统前面板和普通键盘有专门控制键,用户可以使用这些控制键实现主要的多媒体功能:观相片、听音乐和看电影。前面板还有为看电视和阅读电视指南而设的快速启动按钮。 〖 〖Ex. 7〗用名词做宾语将下面汉语译成英语 1. The order of access to different locations does not affect the speed of access. 2. We typically/usually store data in Ram. (or Data is typically/usually stored in Ram.) 3. The mouse can control a pointer on the screen. 4. Some keyboards have independent shift lock and caps lock keys. 〖Ex. 8〗用that从句做宾语将下面汉语译成英语 1. You should know that you can not only read data from the disk but also write new information to it. 2. You should realize that floppies do not hold too much data. 3. Our computer teacher said that USB is much slower than Firewire. 4. I think/believe that the CPU is primarily responsible for executing instructions.

计算机专业英语教程(第四版)习题答案解析

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A address bus 地址总线 artificial intelligence 人工智能 artificial language 人工语言 assembly language 汇编语言 atomic operation 原子操作 audio signal 音频信号 authorized user 授权的用户 autonomous system 自主系统 B backup copy 备份 bcc line 密送行 BG transaction 企业对政府交易 binary notation 二进制记数法 bus topology network 总线拓扑网络 版权法copyright law 病毒检查程序virus checker C carrier sense 载波检测,载波监听 cathode ray tube 阴极射线管 cc line 抄送行 CC transaction 消费者对消费者交易 cell phone 蜂窝电话,移动电话,手机 circuit breaker 断路器 classified information 密级信息 click on an icon 点击图标 compiled language 编译执行的语言 confidential document 密件,秘密文件customized marketing strategy 定制的营销策略 操作系统operating system 操作指令operating instructions 层次数据库模型hierarchical database model 常用情感符commonly used emoticon 超大规模集成电路very large-scale integrated circuit 程序的存储与执行program storage and execution 程序模块program module 程序设计语言programming language 处理器芯片processor chip 串行连接serial connection 磁盘驱动器disk drive 存储设备storage device D data declaration 数据声明 database administrator 数据库管理员database management system (DBMS) 数据 库管理系统 data-entry error 数据输入错误 deletion command 删除命令 dial-up connection 拨号连接 difference engine 差分机 digital piracy 数字盗版 distributed database 分布式数据库 dot-com boom 网络繁荣 dot-com bust 网络不景气 dot-matrix printer 点阵打印机(针式打印机) 打印服务器print server 点分十进制记数法dotted decimal notation 电源power source 电子公告板electronic bulletin board 电子数据表程序spreadsheet program 电子数据交换electronic data interchange (EDI) 电子图书electronic book 电子系统electronic system 电子邮件网规e-mail netiquette 顶级域名top-level domain (TLD) E electronic break-in 电子入侵 electronic component 电子元件(或部件) e-mail convention 电子邮件常规 encryption program 加密程序 end user 最终用户,终端用户 entity-relationship model (ERM) 实体关系模型Ethernet protocol collection 以太网协议集evolutionary development process 演化开发过程二维表two-dimensional table F file server 文件服务器 fingerprint reader 指纹读取器 flat file 平面文件 flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪 forwarded e-mail messages 转发的电子邮件function key 功能键,操作键 function statement 函数语句 封闭式网络closed network 附件行Attachments line 赋值语句assignment statement G 个人计算机personal computer

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