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初中英语动词用法
A
act v. 表演，演戏
act as sb./ sth. 充任某角色，担任某工作
I don’t understand English, so you have to act as my interpreter(翻译)。
其他用法：act for 代表某人，代理某人的职位
During her illness, her lawyer has been acting for her in her business.
在她生病期间，她的律师一直代理她的业务。
add v. (1)加，增加，添加
add sth. to sth. 往...里添加... eg. If the tea is too strong, add some water to it.
eg. He added his signature to the petition(请愿书)。
add A and B (together) 加eg. If you add 5 and 5, you get 10.
add to sth. 增加某事物eg. The bad weather only add to our difficulties.
这种坏天气更增加了我们的困难。
(2) 补充；继续说eg. “I’ll come here later.’’ he added.
add in 包括...在内eg. Don’t forget add me in. 别忘了把我算上。
add up 合计，加起来
add up to 总计达到
add fuel to the fire 火上浇油
afford v. 负担得起（...的费用，损失，后果），买得起；抽得出时间
（常与can, could, be able to 连用）
afford sth. eg. I’d love to go on holiday but I can’t afford the time.
eg. They walked because the can’t afford a taxi.
afford to do sth. eg. They walked because they can’t afford to take a taxi.
eg. I have to work hard because I can’t afford to loose my job.
agree v. 同意，赞同
agree with sb. 同意某人的意见eg. I agree with you.
agree on + 表示具体协议的文件、计划、行动的词eg. We agreed on the plan.
agree to do sth. 同意做某事eg. We agreed to start early.
agree that + 宾语从句eg. She agreed that I was right.
其他用法：agree with sb. (尤用于否定或疑问句) （对某人的健康或胃口）适合
I like mushrooms but unfortunately they don’t agree with me.
我喜欢吃蘑菇，可惜吃了以后难受。
The humid climate in the south didn’t agree with him.
他不适应南方潮湿的气候。
aim v. 瞄准，对准aim at 瞄准，针对
aim at the target 瞄准目标/ 靶子；aim at a success 志在成功
eg. My remarks were not aim at you. 我的话不是针对你。
allow v. 允许，准许
allow doing sth. eg. We don’t allow smoking in our house. 在我们家不允许抽烟。
allow sb. to do sth. eg. They allow her to go to the party. 他们允许她去参加晚会。
allow sb. in/ out/ up 允许某人进来/ 出去/ 起来
annoy v. 使恼怒，使生气
annoy sb. 使某人生气，使某人心烦eg. I was annoyed by his remarks. 他的言论激怒了我。
appear v. 出现；露面；（公开）演出
appear to do 好象是
It appears that + 从句
eg. It appears to me that you are all wrong. 我觉得你们全都错了。
appreciate v. 感激
appreciate sth. appreciate doing sth.
argue v. 争论，争吵
argue with sb. about/ over/ on sth. 与某人争论某事
eg. We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal.
其他用法：argue sb. into/ out of doing sth. 说服某人做/ 不做某事
eg. They argue his into giving up his plan.
arrive v. 到达
arrive in + 大地方eg. We arrived in Paris.
arrive at + 小地方eg. We arrived at the station/ my nation town.
其他用法：arrive at sth. 达成或得出某事物
arrived at an agreement(达成协议)/ a conclusion(得出结论)
What dicision did you arrived at? 你们做出了什么决定？
ask v. 询问，问
ask sth. eg. May I ask questions?
ask sb. sth. eg. He asked me the way to the supermarket.
He asked me their names.
He asked me where he should go.
ask sb. about sth. eg. He asked me about my health.
ask sb.to do sth. eg. He ask me to stop smoking.
He ask me not to swim here.
ask for sth. (to do sth.) 请求eg. She asked for more time (to think it over). 她请求多一点时间（仔细考虑）。
ask for sb. 找（某人）Did anyone ask for me last week?
其他用法：ask the way 问路；ask for trouble 自找麻烦，自讨苦吃
attempt v. 企图，试图
试图做某事attempt to do sth.
attempt doing sth.
B
beat v. 打败，战胜
beat sb. (at sth.) 在某方面打败/ 胜过某人
He beats me at chess. 他在下棋方面胜我一筹。
beat sb. 打某人
become v. 成为，变成
become + 名词He became a doctor at last.
become interesting in 变得对...感兴趣
其他用法：What becomes/ will become of sb./ sth.? 某人某事的情况如何
eg. What will become if I die? 假如我死了我的孩子会怎么样呢？
begin v. 开始
begin to do sth. = begin doing sth. 开始做某事
begin with 由...开始eg. We will begin with you. 从你开始。
eg. The concert(音乐会) began with a piano solo(钢琴独奏). behave v. 举止，表现behave well/ badly 表现好/ 不好，举止良好/ 不好
believe v. 相信，认为
believe sb. 相信某人说的话eg. I believe him. 我相信他的话。
believe in sb. 相信/ 信任某人eg. I believe in him. 我相信他。
believe sb. + adj. eg. I believe him honest. 我相信他是诚实的。
believe + 从句eg. I believe that he can do the job well.
belong v. 属于belong to
borrow v. 借，借入，借进
borrow sth.( from sb.) 从某地/ 某人处借... borrow a book (from library)
bow v. 鞠躬
bow to 服从bow to sb’s oppinion 屈从某人的意见
make a bow 鞠躬take a bow 鞠躬答谢
break v. 打破，违背
break into 闯进break away (from …) (从…)逃脱
break into/ to pieces 碎成片break up with sb. 与某人绝交
break sth. off 突然中断、终止某事物break down 汽车抛锚
break out 突然发生eg. Fire broke out last night. 夜间突然失火了。
break through sth. 克服eg. break through the difficulties 克服困难
bring v. 拿来，取来，带来
bring sth. to sb. = bring sb. sth. 把某物带来给某人
bring sb./ sth. (with one) 带着某物或某人来
eg. He always brings a bottle of wine (with him) when he comes to dinner.
bring sth./ sb. back 送回某人/ 某物
eg. He brought me back in his car last night. 他昨天晚上开车送我回来的。
Please bring back the book to me tomorrow. 请明天把书带来还我。
bring sb. up 培养，养育
eg. He was brought up by his aunt. 他是被他阿姨养大的。
She brought up five children all together. 她总共抚养了5个儿女。
其他用法：bring sth. up 呕吐
bring about 带来，造成bring about great changes 带来巨大变化
bring in 收获（庄稼等）bring in a good harvest 好收成
build v. 建造，建筑
build sth. build a factory 建厂房
build sth. for sb. = build sb. sth.
eg. His father built a model aeroplane for him. = His father built him a model aeroplane.
build sth. of/ from/ out of sth. 用...(材料)建造...
eg. Birds build their nests out of twigs. 鸟儿用细树枝筑巢。
build sth. up 逐渐建立、增加、增强或发展某事物
build up a big library 逐渐建立一座大的图书馆
其他用法：Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是一天建成的。
burn v. 燃烧，点燃
burn out 烧坏，烧完，烧尽burn down 烧毁
burn away 烧坏，烧掉；（逐渐）消灭，消失
eg. The sunlight has burnt away the haze. 日光使雾消散了。
buy v. 购买，买buy sth. for sb. = buy sb. sth.
C
call v. 打电话；称作，取名；呼唤，叫喊；要求，命令
call sb. 给某人打电话call + 电话号码打某个电话号码
call sb. at + 电话号码打某个电话号码找某人
call sb. sth. 把某人称为... call him a walking-dictionary 把他称为活字典
call on sb. 拜访某人
call at s.p. 拜访某地
call by 顺便拜访
call for 要求，需要eg. Success calls for hard work. 成功需要努力。
call sth. off 取消或放弃某事
call up 回想起This book calls up happy memories of his childhood. 这本书唤起了他对童年幸福的回忆。care v. 对...在意，对...在意
take care of sb. 照顾take care of sth. 处理，负责
take care to do sth. 小心，当心take care that 小心
care about 关心He doesn’t care about anything we say.
care to do sth. 愿意做某事(多用于否定句和疑问句)
eg. Would you care to go for a walk? 你愿意去散步吗？
carry v. 搬运，携带
carry sth. with sb. 随身携带carry away 运走，拿走
carry back 运回，拿回，使回想起carry into effect 实现，实行
carry on 继续进行eg. We’ll carry on our discussion tomorrow. 明天继续我们的讨论。
carry sth. too far 做的太过分了
catch v. 赶上（车船等），捕获
catch up with sb. in sth. 在某方面追赶上某人
eg. If you don’t work hard, he will catch up with you in study.
区别：keep up with 跟上，不落后于keep up with him 跟上他
catch sb. doing sth. 逮住某人正在做什么eg. I caught him stealing. 我发现他正在偷东西。
catch up sb’s attention/ eyes 引起某人的注意
I was caught in the rain. 我被雨淋了。
catch (a) cold 伤风；catch fire 着火
cause v. 造成，使发生
cause sth. eg. The cat caused this terrible accident.
cause sb. sth. eg. The new car caused me a lot of troubles.
cause sth. to sb. eg. The new car carsed a lot of troubles to me.
cause sb. to do sth. eg. The illness caused him to miss the game.
其他用法：Take care! 当心！
chat v. 聊天，闲谈chat with sb. 和某人聊天
check v. 核对，检查check out 检查，核对，核查
chop v. 剁，砍，劈chop in 插嘴，多嘴
clean v. 打扫，清除
clean sth. up 把...收拾干净
check in 登记
combine v. 结合，组合combine with 和...组合
come v. 来；来到
come after sb. 追赶或追逐某人come back 回来
come from = be from 从...哪里来，来自... come by 从...旁边走过
come down (雨、雪等)落下；(价格)下降
eg. The price of petrol is coming down. 汽油价格正在下跌。
come on 加油
come for 为...而来
eg. I am coming for my books which were lent to you last year.
我为了去年借你的那些书而来。(我想要回去年借给你的书)
come out 出来；发芽
come through 经历（困难等）
come to an end 结束
come up with sb. 赶上，追上
communicate v. 交流，沟通
communicate with sb. 与某人交流
compare v. 比较
compare A and B = compare A with/ to B 加以比较，两者相比较
eg. If you compare her work with his, you will find hers is much better.
compare A to B 把A比作B
eg. Poets have compared sleep to death. 诗人把睡眠比作死亡。
compare notes (with sb.) 交换意见、观点、看法等
complain v. 抱怨
complain to sb. about / at sth. 投诉，抱怨，发牢骚
eg. She often complain to me about her partner.
concentrate v. 集中，聚集concentrate on/ upon 集中精力
consider v. 考虑，思考，认为
consider sth. 考虑...
consider doing sth. 考虑... eg. I am considering changing my job.我正考虑换个工作。
consider sb./ sth. as 把...当...来对待eg. We consider him as our friend.
consider sb./ sth. to be 把...当作... eg. We consider him to be our best friend. continue v. 使继续，坚持下去
continue to do sth. = continue doing sth, 继续做某事
To be continued. 未完，待续。
copy v. 复制，抄袭
copy sth. from sb. 抄袭某人的...
copy sth. down/ out in/ into sth. 把....抄写在...上
eg. The students copied the sums (算术题) down in theirn notebooks.
学生把算术题抄在他们的笔记本上。
cover v. 覆盖
be covered with sth. 被…覆盖
under the cover of 在…的掩护下，以…为幌子
cover up 掩盖，掩饰，隐藏take cover 隐蔽，躲避
criticize v. 批评，批判
criticize sth. eg. He criticized my taking risk. 他批评了我的冒险行为。
criticize sb. for sth. eg. He criticized me for my rudeness. 他因为我的卤莽而批评了我
cross v. 穿过，横过，越过cross over sth. 穿过，穿越
注：(1)与across的区别(2)与through的区别
crowd v. 挤满，充满
be crowded with 充满eg. The room is crowded with people. 屋里挤满了人。
cost v. 价值，花费（时间、金钱等）
sth. cost sb. some money. 某物花费某人多少钱
eg. This fur coat he bought for his girlfriend last year cost him $4000.
cost sb. sth.
eg. Careless driving cost him his life. 开车时粗心大意要了他的命。
cut v. 切，割
cut sth. for sb. = cut sb. sth. 切...给某人
eg. Please cut a piece of cake for me. = Please cut me a piece of cake.
cut sth. from sth. cut off 切断cut off the power 切断电源
cut down 砍倒；删减cut down a tree 砍树
eg. Your article is too long, please cut it down to 1000 words.你的文章太长了，请把它删件到1000字。
D
deal v. 处理，应付deal with 处理
decide v. 决定，下决心
decide to do sth. 决定做... = make up one’s mind to do sth.
decide on sth./ sb. 决定某事/ 某人
decision n. 决定make a decision 做决定
come to a decision = arrive at a decision 决定下来
depend v. 依赖，依靠
depend on/ upon sth./ sb. 视某物而定，取决于某物
eg. Wheather we will have the sport-meeting tomorrow depends on the weather.
明天我们是否举行运动会取决于天气情况。
describe v. 描述，形容
describe sth. as sth. 把...描述成...；称作，称为
eg. He describes himself as a doctor. 他把自己称为医生。
discuss v. 讨论，议论
discuss sth. with sb. 和某人讨论某事
eg. He was still discussing the game when I got there.
discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事
eg. They discussed selling the house. 他们在讨论卖房子的事情。
dislike v. 不喜欢，讨厌
dislike sth. 讨厌某事
dislike to do sth. 讨厌做某事dislike doing sth. 讨厌做某事
注：与unlike的区别unlike adj. 与...不同的，不相象的
divide v. 分开，划分divide sth. into 把...分成
do v. 做，干，行动
do one’s best 做出最大努力do business 做生意
do sb. a favour 帮某人的忙do wrong 做错
do with 处理eg. What can I do with it? 我怎么处理它？
have something/ nothing to do with 与...有关/无关
eg. It has nothing to do with you. 这和你没有关系。
dream v. 做梦，梦到
dream of/ about 做梦，梦见
with a dream of 怀着...的梦想
drop v. 落下，掉下，使落下
drop sb. off 让某人下车
drop back = drop behind (sb.) 落后
drop out (of sth.) 从...退出
E
enjoy v. 享受...的乐趣，欣赏enjoy doing sth. 享受做某事
enter v. 进入，参加
enter +表地点的名词进入... enter the room 进入房间(注：不能说enter into the room) exchange v. 交换
exchange student 交换生
exchange sth. with sb. 和某人交换…
exchange the seat with sb. 和某人换位置；exchange experience 交流经验exchange A for B 用A来交换B
eg. He exchanged his health for money.
excuse v. 原谅，宽恕
excuse sb. 原谅某人
excuse sb. (for sth./ doing sth.) 宽恕某人做某事
eg. Excuse me for coming late. 原谅我来晚了。
expect v. 预期，预料
expect sth.
expect to do sth.
expect sb. to do sth.
experiment v. 实验，试验experiment on/ upon 在...上做实验
explain v. 解释，说明
explain sth. 解释某事explain a difficult problem 解释一个难题
explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释/说明某事情
explain oneself 把自己的意思解释清楚
escape v. 逃跑，逃走escape from 从...逃跑
F
fail v. 失败
fail to do sth. 没能做成功某事
eg. She failed to pass the English test. 她没能通过英语考试。
fall v. 下降，落下
fall back 后退fall behind (sb.) 落后
fall down 失败，崩溃fall off 数量或质量下降
fall over 摔倒
fear v. 害怕，担心
fear sth. 害怕... fear death/ illness 害怕死亡/ 疾病
fear to do sth. 害怕做某事eg. He feared to speak in public. 他害怕当众讲话。
fear for sb./ sth. 对某事物/ 某人感到担忧或关心
eg. I fear for her safety in this weather. 在这种天气里我很担心她的安全。
feed v. 喂养，饲养eg. She has a large family to feed. 她要养活一大家子人。
feed sb./ sth. (on sth.) 用......喂养...... eg. I feed my dog on fresh meat. 我用鲜肉喂我的狗。
feed sth. to sb./ sth. 给某人/某物喂...... eg. I feed fresh meat to my dog.
feel v. 感到，觉得
feel sth. doing 感觉到某物...
feel the heart beating 感觉到心脏在跳动
feel + adj. (feel是感官系动词，后面可以直接接形容词做表语。类似的词还有：sound, look, smell, taste) fight v. 打架，争吵
fight for + 抽象名词(如：事业，真理，自由等）为......而斗争，为......而战斗
fight with 与......并肩战斗
fight a good fight 打一场漂亮仗fight an enemy 打敌人
fill v. 装满，添满fill in 填充
find v. 发现，找到
find sb. to do sth. 发现某人做某事（强调发现某人做某事的全过程）
find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事（强调发现某人正在做某事）
find out 发现
固定句式：find it + adj. + (for sb.) to do sth.
find it beautiful/ difficult/ important
find it important/ necessary for sb. to do sth.
finish v. 完成，做完finish doing sth. 做完某事，完成某事
fit v. 适合，适应
fit sb. 适合某人
Does the coat fit? 这件大衣合适吗？
The coat doesn’t fit me. 这件大衣不适合我。
(注：不能说成：The coat dosen’t fit for/ to me.)
adj. 合适的，恰当的
be fit to do sth. 适合eg. The dried grain is fit to store. 晒干的谷物可以储藏。
be fit for sb. to do sth. （be fit for sb. ; be fit to do sth.）
The food is not for human to eat. 这食物不适宜人吃。
fix v. 修理fix up 修补，修理好
fly v. 飞行
fly a kite 放风筝
How time flies! 时间过的真快啊！时光如梭。
follow v. 跟随，追随
follow sth. 跟着..... eg. Spring follows winter. 冬去春来。
follow sb. 跟踪
follow one’s example 照...的榜样，以...为模范
follow the advice 遵照指示
forbid v. 禁止，不许
forbid sth. eg. People forbid this meeting. 人们禁止这次聚会。
forbid sb. sth. eg. She forbade him wine. 她禁止他喝酒。
forbid sb. to do sth. eg. The school forbids the students to smoke. 学校禁止学生抽烟。forget v. 忘记
forget sth. 忘记某事
forget to do sth. 忘记做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
G
get v.
get along (well) with 和...相处（的好）
get on (well) with 和...相处（的好）；进展（顺利）
get back 回来，返回
get in touch with sb. 与某人取得联系（表动作）
区别：be in touch with sb. 与某人保持联系（表状态）
get off 下车get on 上车
get over 克服（困难等）
give v. 给，送给
give sb.sth. = give sth. to sb.
give away 分发，赠送
give in 交上，屈服
give up 放弃
give off 发出（气味，光，热等）
go v.
go after 追赶
go on 继续
go on with sth. 继续做某事（前后做的是同一件事）
go on doing sth. 继续做某事（前后做的是同一件事）
go on to do sth. 接着做某事（前后做的是不同的事）
go over 复习，温习；仔细查看
go through 浏览，翻阅
go up 上涨，上升；攀升
go against 违反，反对
grow v. 生长，成长grow up 长大，成长
H
hate v. 讨厌，憎恶
hate sth. ; hate to do sth. ; hate doing sth.
have v.
have a good time 过得愉快
have something/ nothing to do with sb. 与某人有关/ 无关
have sth.on 穿着，戴着
hear v. 听见
hear sb. to do sth. 听见某人做某事（强调听见做事情的过程）
hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事
hear from sb. 收到某人的来信= receive a letter from sb.
hear of 听说= hear about eg. I heard that you are ill. 听说你病了。
heat v. 变热，加热heat up 加热
help v. 帮助，帮忙
help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
can’t/ couldn’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
with the help of 在...的帮助下
help oneself (on sth.) 自用（食物）
help sb. out 帮助某人解决难题，摆脱困难等
hit v. 打击，撞击，碰撞hit sb. on the head 打某人的头
hold v.
hold on （打电话时）不挂电话
hold one’s breath 屏息，不出声
get hold of 抓住，得到
hope v. 希望
hope to do sth. 希望做某事eg. We hope to see soon. 我们希望不久以后就见到你。
hope for 希望eg. I hope for success. 我希望成功。
in hope of ; in the hope of ; in the hope that 怀着...的希望
注：没有hope sb. to do sth. 的用法。希望某人做某事用：wish sb. to do sth.
I
imagine v. 想象，猜想，料想
imagine doing sth.
imagine sb. to be
imagine sb. doing sth.
impress v. 使感动，使印象深刻
impress sb. with sth. 给某人留下...的印象eg. The girl impressed her friends with humour.
impress sth. on sb. 给某人留下...的印象eg. The girl impressed humour on her friends. improve v. 进步，改善
improve sth.
eg. He has improved his health.
eg. His health has been improving.
improve on/ upon sth. 对...做出改进
increase v. 增大，增加
increase to 增加到...(后接增长后的数目)
eg. The number of the students in this school has increased to 2000.
学生人数增加到了2000人。
increase by 增加了...（后加倍数或百分数）
eg. The number of the students in this school has increased by 10 percent.
学生人数增加了10%
influence v. 影响，对...起作用influence sth.
n. 影响，作用，影响力influence on sth./ sb.
interest v. 引起...关注，使...感兴趣
interest sb. in sth. 使某人对...感兴趣
eg. He interested me in football.
interview v. 面视，采访，会见
interview sb. (for sth.) 对某人进行面试或面谈
interview sb. (about sth.) 对某人进行采访
invite v. 邀请
invite sb. 邀请某人
invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
invite sb. to (介词) eg. We invited Tom to our party.
J
join v. 加入，参加
join sth. 加入... join the party
join sb. in sth. eg. Will you join me in buying a present for her? 和我一起去给她买个礼物好吗？
K
keep v. 保持，保留
keep in touch with 保持联系
keep off 远离
keep on 继续做
keep silent 保持安静
keep up with 跟上，不落后
knock v. 敲，碰撞
knock at 敲...
knock down 击打，把...击昏
knock into sb. 撞到
know v. 知道，了解，认识
know about 了解，知道...的情况= learn about
know of 听说过eg. I don’t know Mr. Smith, but I have known of him. 我不认识...但我听说过...
be known as 作为...而出名eg. The Great Wall is known as the longest wall in the world.
be known for 因...而出名eg. China is known for the Great Wall.
be known to sb. 为...所熟知eg. The Great Wall is known to all the people in the world.
laugh v. 笑，大笑laugh at 嘲笑eg. I left my book in the classroom yesterday. lead v. 引导，引诱
lead to (介词) 引起，导致
lead sb. to sth. 引导某人
learn v. 学习，学会
learn about = know about 了解
learn sth. 学...
learn of / about sth. 得知...
learn how to swim
learn by heart 记住，背诵
learn one’s lesson 吸取教训
谚语：It’s never too late to learn. 学习不嫌晚。
Live and learn. 活到老学到老。
leave v. 离开
leave + 地点离开某地
leave for + 地点动身去某地
leave sth. 落下某东西
lend v. 借给，借出
lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把...借给某人
区别：borrow sth. from 从某人处借出...
let v.让let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
lie v. 卧，躺，位于（lie, lay, lain）
lie in (位于一个范围内) eg. China lies in the east of the Asia.
lie on (与...相邻，紧挨着) eg. China lies on the south of Korea.
lie to (不接壤，隔...相望) eg. China lies to the west of Japan.
like v. 喜欢
like sth. ;
like to do sth. ; like doing sth.
like sb. to do sth. ; like sb. doing sth.
listen v. 听listen to sb. 听某人的话
live v. 活，生存，生活
live on 靠...生存，以...为主食
live a happy life 过着幸福的生活
look v. 看
look at 看…look after 照顾= take care of
look for 寻找look down on sb. 看不起…
look through 浏览look out ( of ) 向(…)外面看
look out 小心= be careful look around 环视
look up 查阅look up the word in the dictionary
look it up in the dictionary
look back 回顾look like = be like 看起来像
look over 检查look on 旁观
look forward to sth. / doing sth. 期待/盼望(做)某事
M
make v. 做，制造
make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. eg. He made me a coat. = He made a coat for me.
make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事eg. He made the little girl cry.
make sth. + 形容词eg. We must make our country strong.
be made of 由...制成（能看出材料）be made from 由...制成（看不出材料）
be made up of 由...组成
be made in + 地点某物生长在某地
make up 编造；化妆
make up one’s mind 下决心
make up for 弥补
marry v. 嫁，娶，与...结婚
marry sb.和...结婚
eg. She married a rich man. 她嫁给了一个有钱人。
He married a yong lady. 他娶了一个年轻的女子。
marry sb.to sb. 把...许配给...
eg. He married his daughter to a foreigner. 他把女儿许配给了一个外国人。
get married 结婚（强调动作）eg. They will get married next year. 他们明年结婚。
be married 已婚，结婚（强调状态）eg. They have been married for 20 years. 他们已经结婚20年了。matter v. 重要，要紧，有关系
What’s the matter with ... ?= What’s wrong with...? = What’s up with...? ...怎么了？
as a matter of fact 事实上
mean v. 表示...的意思，作...的解释
mean to do sth. 打算做...
eg. I didn’t mean to start a fight with you. 我不打算跟你打架。
mention v. 提及，说到Don’t mention it. 不用客气。
mention sth. to sb. 对某人提及某事
mean doing sth. 意味着...
mind v. 介意
Do/ Would you mind doing sth. 用来客气地提出请求
eg. Do you mind giving me a glass of water?
Do/ Would you mind sb.’s doing sth. 用来提出询问，征求对方的意见
eg. Do you mind my smoking?
miss v. (1)想念
miss sb. 想念某人
miss doing sth. 想念做某事eg. I miss living in the country.我怀念住在乡下的日子。
(2) 错过，遗失
eg. He missed the last bus, so he had to walk home.
miss one’s way = lose one’s way 迷路
move v. 移动，搬动
move in 搬家
move on 继续前进
need v. 需要
need sth. 需要...
need to do sth. 需要做...
need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做...
in need of 需要eg. He was in need of money at that time. 那个时候他需要钱。
need doing （主动语态表被动，通常物作主语）
eg.This chair needs repairing. 椅子需要修了。
eg.The classroom needs cleaning. 教室需要打扫了。
句型：There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 对某人来说没有必要...
O
offend v. 冒犯，得罪，使生气
offend sb. 惹某人生气
be offended with/ by sb. for sth. 因...而对某人生气
be offended at sb.’s words 对某人的话感到生气
offer v. 提供
offer sb. sth. 给某人提供某物eg. I offered him a glass of wine. 我给了他一杯酒。
offer sth. to sb. 奉献…给…eg. He offered his life to his country. 他把生命献给了祖国。
offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事eg. She offered to carry the boxes for her mother.
operate v. (1)操作，作业eg. The machine doesn’t operate. 机器不工作/ 运转了。
(2)动手术operate on sb. 给某人动手术
operation n. 手术perform an operation on sb. (医生)给某人(病人)动手术
have an operation (病人)做手术
order v. (1) 预定，点(菜)
order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订做...
eg. I have ordered you a new suit. 我给你订做了一套新西装。
(2) 命令
order sb. to do sth. 命令/ 要求某人做某事
in order 整齐，秩序井然eg. Put your books in order. 把你的书摆放整齐。
P
pass v. 通过pass through 通过，经过pass by 从...经过
传递pass sth. to sb. = pass sb. sth. 把...给某人递过来
Please pass me the salt. 帮我把盐递过来。
pay v. 支付，付钱
pay sb. 支付给某人钱pay for sth. 为某物付钱
pay sb. some money 付给某人多少钱pay sb. some money for sth. 为某物付给给某人多少钱
pay sb. to do sth. 雇佣某人做某事
pay a bill 支付帐单pay attention to 注意
pay back 偿还
pay sb. a visit = pay a visit to sb. 拜访某人
pick v. 挑选
pick off 摘下来pick out 挑选
pick up 捡起来；收拾；好转，恢复生机；
开车接某人eg. I will pick you up this evening. 今晚我来接你。
plan v. 计划，打算
plan on/ for sth. 为...做准备
plan to do sth. 打算做某事
point v. 用...指，指向
point to 指向（较近之物）
point at 指向（较远之物）
point out 指出eg. My teacher pointed out my mistakes.
practice v. 练习，实践practice doing sth. 练习做某事，习惯做某事
prefer v. 更喜欢，更喜爱
prefer sth. eg. I prefer ice-cream.
prefer sth. to sth. eg. I prefer apples to pears.
prefer doing sth. to doing sth. eg. I prefer staying at home to going out with you.
[固定]prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. eg. I prefer to stay at home rather than go out with you. pretend v. 假装
pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在做某事
eg. The students pretended to be reading when the teacher came in.
press v. 按，挤，压，逼迫，强迫press sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事
provide v. 提供，供应，供给
produce food and clothes for one’s family 养家糊口
provide for (sb.) 赡养eg. He has a big family to provide for.
put v. 放置
put away 把…收拾起来put back 把（表等）拨慢
put down 镇压put forward 把（表等）拨快
put off 推迟，延期put on 穿上，戴上反义：take off 脱下
put through 接通（电话等）put up 搭建（帐篷）；张贴（广告）
put up with 忍耐，忍受put the fat in the fire 火上浇油
put into = translate into 把…翻译成…put out 熄灭，关（灯等）；出版，发布
R
raise v. 筹集，募捐
raise money 捐款raise an army 招兵
举起，升高
raise one’s hand 举手raise one’s glass to sb. 举杯祝福某人
raise prices涨价raise one’s voice 提高声音
read v. 阅读
read out 宣读read aloud 朗读
read sb.’s mind 看出某人的心思read sb.’s hand 看手相
read between the lines 体会字里行间的意思，领会言外之意
refuse v. 拒绝，回绝
refuse sth. 拒绝某事eg. He refused my gift. 他拒绝了我的礼物。
refuse sb. sth. 拒绝某人某eg. She can’t refuse him anything.他什么也不能拒绝他。
refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
regard v. 将...视为regard as 将...视为... eg. I regard you as my best friend.
n. 尊重，尊敬give sb.’s regards to sb. 把某人的祝福带给…
remain v. 留下，被遗留，剩余，保持不变
eg. I remained three days in that country. 我在那个国家逗留了三天。
remain in one’s mind 留在某人的记忆里
remember v. 记得
remember to do sth. 记得要做某事
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
rent v. 出租rent sth. to sb. 把...租给某人
repair v. (1) 修理，修补repair sth. 修理...
(2) 纠正，补救repair a mistake 纠正错误
(3) 赔偿，补偿repair the loss 赔偿损失
(4) 恢复repair one’s health 恢复健康
reply v. 回答，答复reply to sb. 回答某人
n. 回答in reply to 为答复...
report v. 报道，报告report to 向...报告
It is reported that ... 据说
rest v. 休息have a rest 休息= take a rest
rest one’s hopes on sb. 把希望寄托在某人身上
retire v. 退休，离职retire from one’s position 离职
retire from the world 隐居
return v. 返回，归来
return to s.p. 回到某处
return to school 返校return home 回家
return sth. to sb. 把...还给某人= return sb. sth.
return sth. to s.p. 把...还给某处
have a great regard for sb. 非常尊重某人
ride v. 骑，乘
ride a horse 骑马ride a bicycle 骑自行车
ride on/ in a bus/ a train 乘公交车/ 火车= take a bus/ a train
roll v. 卷，裹
roll sb. over 把某人打翻在地（或撞倒在地）
roll by 流逝The years rolled by. 岁月流逝。
roll over 翻滚
run v. 跑
run a factory 开工厂run across 无意间碰到
run after 追逐，追求run away 逃走，离家
run away from 逃跑run out of 用完
run into (1) 陷入run into danger 陷入危险
(2) 偶遇run into an old friend 遇见一个老朋友
rush v. 冲，奔
rush toward 向前冲rush at/ on 冲向...
rush into (the room) 冲进（房间）
rush up to 冲向
rush to do sth. 冲着去做某事(积极地去做某事)
S
save v. 挽救，节省
save sb. / sth. from 从…里把…救出来
eg. He saved the little girl from the fire. 他从大火中救出了小女孩。
save sb. sth. 节省，免去
eg. That saved us a lot of trouble. 那省去了我们很多麻烦。
save sb. doing sth. 省去某人做某事
eg. I’ll telephone and that will save me writing a letter. 我会打电话，那就省得我写信了。
save one’s life 救命save money 省钱，存钱
see v. 看见see sb. do sth. see sb. doing sth.
类似用法的单词还有：find, hear
seek v. 寻找，探究seek for / after 寻求，追求
seem v. 看上去
It seems that…. 看上去…. eg. It seems that he is ill. 看上去他好像病了。
seem to do sth. 看上去…eg. I seemed to have seen you before. 我以前好像见过你。
= It seemed that I have seen you before.
serve v. 为...服务，招待
serve sb. 为某人服务serve the people 为人民服务
serve sb. sth. 为某人提供…serve the customers tea 给客人们上茶
sell v. 卖sell sth. ; sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把...卖给某人
sell sth. to sb. for some money 把...以...(多少钱)卖给某人
send v. (1) 送，寄send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb.
(2) 打发，派遣
send sb. to do sth. 派某人做某事eg. I have sent her to buy some milk.
send for sb. 派人去请…eg. We must send for a doctor. 我们必须去请个医生。shake v. 震动，摇动
shake one’s head ( at / over sth. ) 不赞成
shake hands with sb. 和某人握手= shake sb. by the hand
shoot v. 投篮，射击shoot at 向…射击
shout v. 叫，喊shout at sb. 冲某人大喊大叫(不礼貌地)
shout to sb. 冲某人大喊= call out to sb.
shout for help 高声呼救
show v. 展示，给...看
show sth. 出示... eg. Please show your ticket. 请出示你的票。
show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 给某人看... ；出示...给某人
show off 炫耀，卖弄show sb. around 带领某人参观
shut v. 关上（门，窗等）
shut off 关掉
shut up 闭嘴
sit v. 坐下sit up ( late ) = stay up ( late ) 熬夜
sleep v. 睡觉sleep late 睡懒觉区别：stay up late 熬夜
fall asleep 入睡go to sleep 去睡觉
speak v. 说话
speak + 语言说某种语言eg. He can speak English. 他能说英语。
speak in + 语言用某种语言说eg. Please speak in English. 请用英语说。
speak to / with sb. 和...说话
speak about sth./ of 谈到...
speak on sth. 谈某方面的问题
honestly speaking 诚实地说
spend v. 度过(时间)，花费(时间、金钱等)
spend some time / money on sth. 在某事、某物上花费…时间/ 金钱
eg. She spends 5 hours on her study every day. 他每天在学习上花5个小时。
eg. He spent 1000 dollars on this book yesterday. 昨天他买书花了1000美元。
eg. He spent 3 days with his mother last week. 上周他花了三天的时间陪他母亲。stand v. (1) 站立stand up 起立
(2) 忍受stand sth. 忍受某事
stand to do sth. 忍受做某事
( can’t ) stand doing sth. 无法忍受做某事
stand for 代表….
stay v. 逗留，保持
stay up = sit up 熬夜
stay away from 不在，缺席；逃避
stop v. 停止stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事
stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
store v. 储存in store 储存
eg. We have a lot of food in store. 我们储藏了很多食物。
succeed v. 成功
suggest v. (1) 建议
suggest sth. 建议某事eg. He suggested a walk. 他建议散步。
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事eg. He suggested going for a walk.
suggest that 建议…eg. He suggested that we’d better go for a walk.
(2) 表明，暗示
eg. Her yawn suggests that she is sleepy. 她打哈欠表明她困了。
suppose v. 假定，认为，期望
suppose that…. eg. They supposed that he was dead. 他们认为他死了。
suppose to do eg. They supposed him to be dead.
support v. 支持，帮助
support sb. / sth. 支持某人/某事
support sb. in sth. 在某方面支持某人
T
take v. (1) 乘，搭乘take a taxi/ bus/ train/ plane/ air 区别：pick sb. up 开车接某人
(2)拿走，带到take sth. (with sb.) 随身携带...
take sth. to sb./ s.p. 把...拿给某人，拿到某地方去
take away 拿走
(3) 吃take the medicine 吃药
(4) 记录take notes 记笔记；take one’s temperature量体温
(5) 买I’ll take this sweater.
(6) 花费It takes sb. some money/ time to do sth.
It took sb. some money/ time to do sth.
eg. It took him 1000 dollars to buy this ring for his girlfriend.
It takes me 2 hours to do my homework.
扩展词组
take ... for ... = mistake ... for ... 误认为take great trouble to do sth. 不辞辛劳做某事
take (good) care of 照料= look after take care 当心，小心，注意
take off 取消，拿去take a day off 请一天假
take one’s seat 就坐take one’s time 不急
take out 起飞，拿出，取出take back 收回
take part in 参加，参与take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
take place 发生，产生take the place of 代替，取代
take on a new look 呈现新面貌take sth. seriously 认真对待某事
take a photo/ picture of 照一张...的照片take notes 做笔记，做记录
take aim 瞄准take an action 采取行动
take pride in 以...自豪take an interest in 对…感兴趣= be interested in
take after (外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像
take up 占据eg. The desk takes too much room. 这张桌子占了太多空间。
talk v. 谈论
talk with sb. 与...交谈talk to sb. 和...谈话
talk about 谈论关于talk of 谈到，说到
talk over 商量，讨论talk in a high voice 高声说话
teach v. 教
teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教给某人某事
teach sb. to do sth. 教给某人做某事
tell v. 告诉，讲述
tell sth. 讲述... tell a story / a lie/ the truth
tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于...
tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb.
tell sb. to do sth.
thank v. 感谢
thanks for sth./doing sth. 因为某事而心存感激
thank sb. for sth./ doing sth. 因为某事而感谢别人
thanks to 幸亏，由于，因为
eg. Thanks to the doctor, he recovered quickly. 多亏了医生，他恢复的很快。
think v. 想，考虑
think over 仔细考虑think of 考虑，关心
think about 考虑think up 想出
throw v. 投，掷
throw about 到处乱扔throw at 向...扔去
throw oneself into 投身于...，积极从事
translate v. 翻译translate A into B 把A翻译成B
treat v. 对待
treat sb. well/ badly 对某人好/ 不好
treat sb./ sth. as 把...当...对待eg. Don’t treat me as a child.
trouble v. 使烦恼，麻烦，打扰
be troubled by 为...而烦恼eg. Don’t trouble about it. 别为此而烦恼。
n. 烦恼
ask/ look for trouble 自找麻烦
be in trouble 处于不幸/困难/困境中
try v. 尝试
try to do sth. 试图做某事try doing sth. 试图做某事
try one’s best to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事
try out 试验try sth. on 试穿
n. have a try 试一下
turn v. 转
turn to sb. for help 向某人求助
turn + 颜色变成什么颜色
turn on 打开turn off 关上
turn up 把...的声音调大turn down 把...的声音调小
turn in 上交，上床睡觉turn out 驱逐，把...赶走
turn out to be 结果是，证明eg. It turned out to be a fine day. 结果，那天是个好天气。
turn over 打翻，反复思考turn left/ right 左/右转
n. 转动，轮流，时机
by turns 轮流，交替take turns轮流，交替
It’s sb.’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
U
urge v. 强烈要求，竭力主张
urge sb. to do sth. 怂恿某人做某事
urge sb. into doing sth. 怂恿某人做某事
urge against sth. 极力反对某事
use v. 使用
use one’s brain 动脑筋eg. He used his brain and found a way.
use sth. to do sth. 用...做... eg. I use knife to cut the apple. 我用刀子切苹果。
use sth. up 用尽，耗尽
n. 用法，用途；价值，效用；习惯，惯例
come into use 开始被使用
eg. Computers have come into wide use. 计算机开始被广泛使用。
be out of use 不再使用，废弃
初中英语动名词的用法 动名词，即“动词原形+ing ”变成名词使用，具有双重性，既有动词的某些特征，有动词的各种变化形式；又有名词的某些性质，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。同时也能被副词修饰或者支配宾语。 一、动名词的名词的性质 1. 作主语 动名词作为主语有以下几种表现形式： 1) 直接作为主语。 例如： Taking exercise everyday is a good habit. Finding work is difficult these days. Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. [句中Walking (散步)作为句子主语，直接出现。句意：散步对年轻人和老年人是一项很好的运动。] 2) 用it 作形式主语，真正的主语作为后置主语。 例如： It isn't easy trying to climb the mountain. [ 句中It 作为形式主语，动名词短语trying to do sth. 才是真正的主语。] 能用于上述结构的形容词有：better，wonderful ，enjoyable，interesting，foolish ，
difficult ，useless，senseless，worthwhile 等。但是important, essential, necessary等形容词不能用于上述结构。 用it 代替动名词作形式主语的除了上述句型外，还有一种句型为： It is no use/ useless/ useful/ no good/ great fun/ a waste of time/ nice/ good+ v-ing 例如： It's no use trying to argue with him. 3) “ There be” 的结构 这种句型一般是否定形式，There是引导词，作为形式 主语，动名词做真正主语。意思是“不可能……”。 例如： There is no joking about such matters. 4) 告示或简略的警告用语中，动名词在祈使句中作主语一般是否定的、省略的形式。 例如： No climbing. (No climbing is allowed. ) 5) 组成复合结构动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，可在其前面加上所有 格， 使之变成复合结构，可作为句中主语。 例如：
常用动词习惯用法 1.allow sb to do sth 允许某人去做某事（后接动词不定式） My father allowed me to go out for a walk after finishing my homework. 2.asked sb (not) to do sth 叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事） My father asked me to study hard. He asked me not to swim alone. be asked to do sth 被叫去做某事/被邀请去做某事 I was asked to have a dinner with them yesterday. 3.be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 She is afraid to ask me questions. 4.be afaid of doing sth 害怕做某事 I am afraid of going out at night. 5.be afaid of sth 害怕某物 He is afraid of snakes. 6.be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶 He was amazed to meet the girl there. be amazed at sth 对某事感到惊讶 they were amazed at the news. 7.be busy doing/with sth 忙于做某事（常考） : I was busy washing my car at that time. 那时候我正忙于清洗我的车子。 I am busy with my work. 8.be coming/going/leaving/fiying/moving/dying（某些位移动词用进行时态时表将 来） the bus is coming/the dog is dying. 9.be excited to do sth 对做……感到兴奋 Jacky was excited to travel there by plane. be excited at sth Lily was excited at his words. be excited about doing sth he was excited about passing the exam without going overing books. 10.be frightened to do sth 害怕去做某事 Sam is frightened to ride a horse. 11.be glad/happy to do sth 高兴去做某事 she is happy to clean the blackboard with me.
be动词用法 be动词的一般现在时有三种形式，即：am,is,are。 1.如果主语是第一人称I（我）时，be动词用am。 如：I am a student.我是一名学生。 I am还可缩写成I'm。如：I'm David.我是大卫。 2.如果主语是you（你，你们）,they（他们，它们，她们）或名词复数（两个以上的人或物）时，be动词必须用are。如：Are you twelve?你是十二岁吗？ Tom and Lily are good friends.汤姆和莉莉是好朋友。 They are at school. 他们在学校。 These are books. 这些是书。 We are students . 我们是学生。 are与主语还可缩写。 如：We are=We're，They are=They're,You are=You 're。而are与not可缩写成aren't。 如：They aren't students.他们不是学生。 但是am与not不能缩写。 3.如果主语是单数名词、不可数名词或单数第三人称代词（he,she,it）时，be动词用is. 如:My mother is a teacher.我的妈妈是一名老师。 He is a student.他是一名学生。 She is my friend.她是我的朋友。
It is a dog. 它是一只狗。 This is a bike .这是一辆自行车。 That is a cup . 那是一个杯子。 is也可与主语缩写, 如:He is=He's,My mother is=My mother's等。但是This is不可缩写。而is与not可缩写成isn't。 如:This isn't a book.这不是一本书。 [解题过程] 根据以上叙述我们可以把动词的用法以口诀的形式表述出来： 我（I）是am, 你（you）是are, 剩下is留给她（she）,他（he）,它（it）, 两个以上都用are。 be动词用法歌 be动词真伟大，生出is, am, are。 我用am，你用are，is连接他，她，它。 单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。 变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。 变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记。 疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。 1 用动词be （am，are，is）填空
16种英语时态总结归纳 时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。 英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。 1. 一般现在时 用法：A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。 B) 习惯用语。C) 经常性、习惯性动作。 例：He always helps others. （他总是帮助别人。） D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。 E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。 例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.（下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。） How often does this shuttle bus run? （这班车多久一趟？） F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事情。 例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成这份报告的时候，我就已经等了将近3个小时了。） 2. 现在进行时(be doing) 用法：现在正在进行的动作。 3. 现在完成时(have done) 用法： A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。 例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses. A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell 答案是C) haven't sold。 B) 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for 加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。 例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. A) are to challenge C) have been challenged B) may be challenged D) are challenging 全句的意思是：“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词，在本句中应当是被动语态；其动作延续到今天，所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是C) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) are challenging都是主动语态，不可能是答案。B) may be challenged虽然是被动语态，但意思与全句内容不合，所以不对。 C) 表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。 例：John has broken his left leg.（约翰摔断了左腿。） 注意事项 A) 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于：现在完成时强调动作的动态，或受动态的影响，是动态的结果，对现在有影响；过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。
初中英语重点动词用法例句A answer n. & v.回答;解决方案;反应 the answer to answer a question 回答问题 solve the problem 解决问题 reply n./v. 答复，回答 reply to a question/letter My penfriend in the USA hasn’t replied to my last three e-mails. Aim v. 瞄准，对准aim at 瞄准，针对（直接的目的）eg.I aimed at the door but hit the window. eg. My remarks were not aim at you. 我的话不是针对你。aim at the target 瞄准目标/ 靶子；aim at a success 志在成功 be aimed at 目的是，旨在,为了；较为委婉 eg.Our marketing campaign should be aimed at young working couples。 我们的行销活动应该针对年轻的上班夫妇. aimed for 瞄准；以…为目标(长久以来的目标) eg.Your whole parenting has aimed for this moment.你这个教育目标就是这一刻 allow v. 允许，准许 allow doing sth. 允许某人做某事eg. We don’t allow
smoking in our house. 在我们家不允许抽烟。 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事eg. They allow her to go to the party. 他们允许她去参加晚会。 allow sb not to do sth不允许某人做某事 注意被动：sb. be allowed to do sth. allow sb. in/ out/ up 允许某人进来/ 出去/ 起来 allow for 考虑到，把……考虑进来，体谅eg.We must allow for his youth. 我们必须体谅他的年轻. (sth ) allow of 容许eg. The situation allows of no dely. 情况不容拖延。 词语拓展：allowance n. 津贴, 补助, 零用钱 permit v. 允许，较为强硬n. 许可证 permit sb.to do sth. permit doing sth. permission n. 允许 annoy v. 使恼怒，使生气 annoy sb. 使某人生气，使某人心烦eg. I was annoyed by his remarks. 他的言论激怒了我。 appear v. 出现；露面；（公开）演出 appear to do 好象是 It appears that + 从句 eg. It appears to me that you are all wrong. 我觉得你们全都
动词概述 一、实义动词 ■①及物动词与不及物动词 根据后面是否带宾语，行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词。Vt. vi . They study hard. I know them well. 注：有的动词既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。如： She sings very well. She sang an English song just now. 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，____不变。试比较： Shall I begin at once? She began working as a librarian after she left school. When did they leave Chicago?They left last week. 短语： ■②动态动词和静态动词 动态动词表示动作，如give, take, work, run等；静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等，如know, exist, be, have, appear, prove, concern, hate, dislike, like, love, surprise, include, depend on, belong to, guess, suppose，imagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy等。 ■③延续性动词和非延续性动词 根据动作是否延续，行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain, live, work, learn等是延续性动词，go, come, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, end等是非延续性动词。 注：非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如：[译]他离开这里三天了。 [误]He has left here for three days. [正]He has been away from here for three days. [正]He left here three days ago. [正]It’s three days since he left. ■④限定动词与非限定动词
名词的动词意义和用法大全 ble, ice, duck, flag... 这些简单的英语单词，它们的名词意义就算对初学英语者来说也一定是 小菜一碟，但老外经常把它们当做动词用，它们的动词意义和用法你知道吗? 1. table：名词，桌子;当动词用，是指开会时延期讨论提案等，也就是暂缓审议。(to postpone discussion of a bill or suggestion until future time); 例如： They tabled the motion at the meeting. I made the motion and he seconded it.(我提案，他同意。) (second 这里是动词，意思是 赞成;to second the motion 也就是附议) We are tabling this matter until further notice.(我们延期讨论这件事，以后再说。) 2. pride：名词，荣誉;当动词用，是指感到得意或自豪。(to take pride in something)例如： We prided ourselves on our good work. (我们为自己工作的表现而自豪。) I have long prided myself on being a good teacher. (我一向以身为一名称职的老师師而自豪。) 注意：to pride oneself on和to be proud of 或to take pride in 意思相近，只是用法和后面所跟的介词不同而已。例如： They take great pride in her daughter who is now a famous scientist. I am very proud of being a Chinese. 3. carpet：名词，地毯;当动词用，是覆盖的意思。(to cover something) 例如： The flower girls carpeted the floor with rose petals before the bride's entrance. (新娘进来前，花童将玫瑰花瓣撒满了地板。) During the winter time my roof is carpeted with white snow. (冬天时我家的屋顶盖满了白雪。) 4. floor：名词，地板;当动词用，是踩足汽车的油门，加速开车或使人惊讶。(to press accelerator of a car to the floor in order to speed up; or to astonish someone) 例如：As soon as I saw his gun, I floored my car. (我一见到他有枪，立即踩足油门加速开车。) When you see a police car, don't floor it. (当你看到警车时，別开快车。) The news really floored me; I hadn't been expecting it at all. (这个消息真使我吃惊地不知 所措，这完全出乎我地意料。) 5. top：名词，顶端;做动词用，是做得更好，或高过某人。(to do something better or to be taller than someone) 例如： If he had tried harder, he could have topped his class. (假如他以前用功些，他会在班里(成绩)名列前茅的。) The tax-cut issue will top today's agenda. (减税问题将是今天的主要议题。) Mr. Lin tops me by three inches. (林先生比我高三吋) 6. flag：名词，旗帜;当动词用，是指打旗号或做手势来传达讯息。(to give signal for communication) 例如： When my car broke down, I flagged a police car. (当我的汽车抛锚的时候，我打了个信号招来一辆警车。) The beach life-guards usually flag one another for communication. (海滨救生员通常用旗号 传达讯息。) 7. bridge：名词，桥梁、桥牌;当动词用，是连接或沟通的意思。(to connect) 例如： The parents are trying to bridge the generation gap with their children. (父母都在设法弥合与儿女的代沟。) These tax reforms are attempt to bridge the gap between the rich and poor. (这些税收改革
动词用法总结 方山三中郭秀林 1) 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2) 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词 ( Notional Verb) 、系动词( Link Verb) 、助动词 ( Auxiliary Verb ) 、情态动词( Modal Verb ) 。说明：有 些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如：We are having a meeting. He has gone to New York. (has 是助动词。 ) 3) 动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb), 缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi. 。 说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动 词。例如：She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。 (sing 在此用作不及物动词。 ) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。 ( sing 用作及物动词。 ) 4) 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词( Finite Verb ) 、非限定动词( Non-finite Verb ) 例如：She sings very well. 她唱得很好。 ( sing 受主语she 的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings 。 ) She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。 ( to learn 不受主语she 的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。
说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式(Infinitive ) 、动名词 (Gerund) 、分词( Participle ) 。 5) 动词有五种形态，分别是：原形(Orig in al Form )、 第三人称单数形式我们正在开会。 ( having 是实义动词。 ) 他已去纽约。 (Singular From in Third Personal ) 过去式、 ( Past Form) 过去分词、( Past Participle ) 、现在分词 ( Present Participle ) 。 5.1 系动词? 系动词亦称联系动词( Link Verb) ，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语 (亦称补 语) ，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 说明：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天 病了。 ( fell 是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。 ) He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell 是实义动词， 单独作谓语。 1) 状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be 一词，例如：He is a teacher. 2) 持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度， 主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. This matter rests a mystery.
初中英语动词用法总结-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1
初中英语高频动词用法汇总 2017-01-05 期末考试马上就到了，当同学们每次遇到选填 to do, doing 还是 do 形式的题目时，脑海中的反应大概都是“to do 好像通，不对，应该是 doing，还是填原形do 呢” 下面这些初中阶段高频出现的一些动词用法，让你从此告别看到 to do, doing, do 就一脸懵的囧状。 加 to do 的高频考察动词 1. afford to do 负担的起做某事 We can’t afford to make any mistakes.我们承担不起任何失误。 2. agree to do 同意做某事 Do you agree to have dinner today? 今天你同意一块吃饭吗？ 3. choose to do 选择做某事 Why do so many choose to leave their country? 为什么有这么多人要离开祖国 4. decide to do 决定做某事 She decided to accept the offer. 她决定接受这一提议。 5. expect to do 期待做某事 The shop expects to make more money this year. 这家店铺期望今年多赚点钱。 6. hope to do 希望做某事 I hope to see you again sometime next year. 我希望明年某一时候再见到你。 7. hurry to do 急忙做某事 We shall have to hurry to get there in time. 我们将不得不及时赶到那。 8. manage to do 设法做成某事 How do you manage to do such a thing? 你是怎么设法做这样的事 9. plan to do 打算做某事 Where do you plan to spend your holiday? 你打算去哪里度假？ 10. prefer to do 宁愿做某事 I prefer to travel in the front of the car. 我宁愿坐在汽车的前面。 11. refuse to do 拒绝做某事 I refuse to answer that question. 我不愿回答那个问题。
初中英语动词时态复习讲义 一般现在时 一、动词的第三人称词尾变化： 写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式。 1. cook _______ 2.watch________ 3.build_________ 4.have________ 5.wash________ 6. enjoy ______ 7. go _________8 receive ______9 cry______10. close ________ 11. drive _______ 12. choose ______13. play ________14. reach ________ 二. 一般现在时的用法 1）表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。 I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2）表示现在的状态。 例如：My father is at work.He is very busy. 我父亲在工作，他很忙。 The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。 3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。 My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。 4)表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 5）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来。 6）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。（主将从现） 例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。
初中英语动词用法 A act v. 表演，演戏 act as sb./ sth. 充任某角色，担任某工作 I don’t understand English, so you have to act as my interpreter(翻译)。 其他用法：act for 代表某人，代理某人的职位 During her illness, her lawyer has been acting for her in her business. 在她生病期间，她的律师一直代理她的业务。 add v. (1)加，增加，添加 add sth. to sth. 往...里添加... eg. If the tea is too strong, add some water to it. eg. He added his signature to the petition(请愿书)。 add A and B (together) 加eg. If you add 5 and 5, you get 10. add to sth. 增加某事物eg. The bad weather only add to our difficulties. 这种坏天气更增加了我们的困难。 (2) 补充；继续说eg. “I’ll come here later.’’ he added. add in 包括...在内eg. Don’t forget add me in. 别忘了把我算上。 add up 合计，加起来 add up to 总计达到 add fuel to the fire 火上浇油 afford v. 负担得起（...的费用，损失，后果），买得起；抽得出时间 （常与can, could, be able to 连用） afford sth. eg. I’d love to go on holiday but I can’t afford the time. eg. They walked because the can’t afford a taxi. afford to do sth. eg. They walked because they can’t afford to take a taxi. eg. I have to work hard because I can’t afford to loose my job. agree v. 同意，赞同 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见eg. I agree with you. agree on + 表示具体协议的文件、计划、行动的词eg. We agreed on the plan. agree to do sth. 同意做某事eg. We agreed to start early. agree that + 宾语从句eg. She agreed that I was right. 其他用法：agree with sb. (尤用于否定或疑问句) （对某人的健康或胃口）适合 I like mushrooms but unfortunately they don’t agree with me. 我喜欢吃蘑菇，可惜吃了以后难受。 The humid climate in the south didn’t agree with him. 他不适应南方潮湿的气候。 aim v. 瞄准，对准aim at 瞄准，针对 aim at the target 瞄准目标/ 靶子；aim at a success 志在成功 eg. My remarks were not aim at you. 我的话不是针对你。 allow v. 允许，准许 allow doing sth. eg. We don’t allow smoking in our house. 在我们家不允许抽烟。 allow sb. to do sth. eg. They allow her to go to the party. 他们允许她去参加晚会。 allow sb. in/ out/ up 允许某人进来/ 出去/ 起来 annoy v. 使恼怒，使生气 annoy sb. 使某人生气，使某人心烦eg. I was annoyed by his remarks. 他的言论激怒了我。
常用动词习惯用法 1.allowsbtodosth允许某人去做某事（后接动词不定式） 2.askedsb(not)todosth叫某人做事某事（叫某人不做某事） beaskedtodosth被叫去做某事/被邀请去做某事 3.beafraidtodosth害怕做某事 4.beafaidofdoingsth害怕做某事 5.beafaidofsth害怕某物 6.beamazedtodosth对做某事感到惊讶 7.bebusydoing/withsth忙于做某事（常考） 8.becoming/going/leaving/fiying/moving/dying（某些位移动词用进行时态时表将来） 9.beexcitedtodosth对做??感到兴奋 10.befrightenedtodosth害怕去做某事 11.beglad/happytodosth高兴去做某事 12.beinterestedinsth/doingsth对某事感兴趣/对做某事感兴趣 13.be/getreadyfor/todosth 14.besorrytodosth对做某事感到抱歉 15.besurprisedtodosth对做某事感到惊奇 besurprisedatsth对某事感到惊奇 16.beworthdoingsth值得做某事（worth后接动词-ing形式，常考） 17.begintodosth开始做某事 begin/starttodo/doingsth 18.can/beabletoafford(tobuy)sth有能力购买（供）?? 19.can/may/mustdosthcould/would/should/mightdosth 20.can’twaittodosth迫不急待地去做某事 21.decidetodosth决定去做某事 makeupone’smindtodosth下决心去做某事（常考） makeadecisiontodosth对做某事作出决定 22.deservetodosth值得/应该做?? 23.encouragesbtodosth鼓励某人去做某事 24.enjoydoingsth乐意去做某事 25.expect(sb)todosth期望去做某事 26.failtodosth做某事失败 succeeddoingsth成功做了某事 27.finishdoingsth做完某事（后接动词-ing形式）（常考） 28.followsbtodosth跟随某人去做某事 29.getsbtodosth makesbdosth letsbdosth
动词 1 ）表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2）根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词（ Notional Verb ）、系动词（ Link Verb ）、助动词（ Auxiliary Verb ）、情态动词（ Modal Verb ）。 说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如： We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。（having 是实义动词。） He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。 （ has 是助动词。） 3）动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词（ Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt.和vi. 。 说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物 动词。例如： She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。） She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。） 4）根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词（ Finite Verb）、非限定动词（Non-finite Verb）例如： She sings very well. 她唱得很好。（ sing受主语she 的限制，故用第三人称 单数形式sings 。） She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。（ to learn不受主语she 的限制，没有
词形变化，是非限定动词。 说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）、分词（Participle）。 5)根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词 （O ne-Word Verb ）、短语动词（ Phrasal Verb ）、动词短语（ Verbal Phrase ）例如： The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。（ contains是单字动词。） Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。（ look up是短语动词。） The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。（ take care of是动词短语。）6）动词有五种形态，分别是：原形（Original Form）、第 三人称单数形式（ Singular From in Third Personal ）、过去式（ Past Form）、过去分词（ Past Participle ）、现在分词（Present Participle）。 系动词 系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb ），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语 的状况、性质、特征等情况。 说明： 有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如： He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。）
初中英语动词知识点：动态动词与静态动词 根据词义特点，动词可分为动态动词和静态动词。动态动词主要指动作动词，而静态动词则主要指表示情感、内心活动、感觉、相互关系等的动词： He wrote some letters. 他写了一些信。(write 为动态动词) The girls are dancing. 女孩子们在跳舞。(dance 为动态动词) I think he is honest. 我认为他是诚实的。(think 和is均为静态动词) Everyone likes her. 人人都喜欢她。(like 为静态动词) 有的动词既可用作静态动词也可用作动态动词，只是含义不同： He has a lot of friends. 他有许多朋友。(have为静态动词) He is having supper. 他在吃晚饭。(have为动态动词) 实义动词与非实义动词 根据其含义和句子功用，动词可分为实义动词和非实义动词(包括时态助动词和情态助动词等)。如： He bought a story book. 他买了一本故事书。(buy 为实义动词) He has read the story book. 他已读过这本故事书。(has 为时态助动词，read为实意动词) He should read the story book. 他应该读读这本故事书。(should 为情态助动词,red为实义动词) 初中英语动词知识点：及物动词与不及物动词 根据其后是否带宾语，动词可分为及物动词(带宾语)和不及物动词(不带宾语)。如： When will he arrive? 他什么时候到？(arrive 不带宾语，为不及物动词) He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。(reach 带了宾语，为及物动词) 有的动词既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词： The child is playing. 这小孩在玩。（不及物用法） The child is playing the piano. 这小孩在弹钢琴。（及物用法） He is writing. 他在写字。（不及物用法） He is writing a letter. 他在写信。（及物用法） The boy is reading. 这男孩在阅读。（不及物用法）The boy is reading a magazine. 这男孩在看杂志。（及物用法） 初中英语动词知识点：谓语动词与非谓语动词 根据其是否能用作谓语，动词可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。谓语动词在句中可用作谓语，而非谓语动词则不用作谓语(但可用作主语、宾语、补语、状语、定语等)。非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词、分词三种：He lives in Shanghai. 他住在上海。(live 为谓语动词) I want to go home. 我想回家。(want 为谓语动词，to go 为非谓语动词) He enjoyed watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。(enjoy为谓语动词，watching为非谓语动词) He had his hair cut. 他理发了。(had 为谓语动词，cut 为非谓语动词) 初中英语知识点：动词的分类及基本形式 英语动词的分类及基本形式 动词的分类 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类，有些动词是兼类词。如： We have lunch at 12. 我们12点吃午饭。(have是行为动词) We have been to New York. 我们去过纽约。(have是助动词) W I am hungry. 我饿了。(am是连系动词) She was beaten on the way home. 她在回家的路上被人打了。(was是助动词) You needn’t have waited for me. 你本来不必等我。(need 是情态动词) The door needs painting. 这个门需要油漆了。(needs及物动词) 动词的基本形式 绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。 A. 第三人称单数形式的构成 一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同： 1. 一般情况下只在动词后加s，如work—works, write —writes。 2. 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的动词，后加es，如guess—guesses, mix—mix, finish—finishes, catch—catches。 3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为ies，如study —studies。 注：不规则变化的有have—has, be—is, go—goes, do—does等。 B. 现在分词的构成 1. 一般情况下在动词后加ing，如study—studying, work —working。 2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e再加ing， 如write—writing, move—moving。 3. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的 动词，要双写末尾一个辅音字母，再加ing，如get—getting, begin—beginning。 4. 以ie结尾的名词，一般将ie改为y，再加ing，如lie —lying, die—dying, tie—tying。 注：(A) 以l结尾的动词，尾音节重读时，双写l，如 1