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ch2电流保护2-3(无题)

ch2电流保护2-3(无题)
ch2电流保护2-3(无题)

实验二_门电路的特性

实验二门电路的特性(终结报告) 预习报告(记录有原始数据) 一.实验目的 1.在理解CMOS门电路和TTL门电路的工作原理和电特性基础上,学习并 掌握其电特性主要参数的测试方法。 2.学习并掌握数字集成电路的正确使用方法 二.预习任务 1,回顾实验一“常用电子仪器使用”,回答下列问题: (1)如何调整函数发生器,使其输出100Hz、0~5V的三角波信号? 选择三角波输出选项,通过“50Ω”输出端连接示波器观察波形,通过调 节函数信号发生器的频率旋钮,调节频率至100Hz,Vp-p为5V,将示波器的 参考电平位置设置在三角波的最低值处,得到0-5V的三角波,用示波器进 行实际测量,判断调节是否正确应该以示波器的测量结果为准。 (2)用示波器观测到如图1所示的a、b两个信号,假设此时示波器的垂直定标(灵敏度)旋钮位置分别为1V/格和2V/格,请写出它们的最高值和最低值。 解:图(a)中最高值为2V,最低值为-2V 图(b)中最高值为4V,最低值为0V (3)电压传输特性曲线是指输出电压随输入电压变化的曲线。示波器默认的时基模式为“标准(YT)模式”显示的是电压随时间变化的波形,若要观测电 压传输特性曲线,需改变示波器上哪些菜单或旋钮? 解:示波器默认的时基模式为“标准(YT)模式”,若要观察电压传输特性, 应该将时基模式调节为XY模式。具体调节方法如下:按下【Horiz】按钮,

在“水平设置菜单”中,按下时间模式,然后改变时基模式由原来的“标 准”变为“XY模式”。 (4)用示波器观测两路信号时,如何调整示波器使波形稳定的显示在屏幕上? 应该合理设置触发源和触发电平使得波形稳定,调节【Trigger】旋钮2,仔细阅读《数字电子技术基础》第三章相关内容,并结合各项任务完成以下内容。 (1)写出各测试电路中门电路的工作电压。 测试电路1,工作电压V DD=5V; 测试电路2,V DD=12V; 测试电路3,工作电压为V DD=5V; (2)写出各测试电路输入信号的类型、频率、电压值。 测试电路1, (3)什么是阈值电压?什么是噪声容限?在电压传输特性曲线中如何读取? 解:阈值电压:通常将传输特性曲线中输出电压随输入电压改变而急剧变化转折区 的中点对应的输入电压称为阈值电压; 噪声容限:是指在前一极输出为最坏的情况下,为保证后一极正常工作,所允许的最大噪声幅度; 高电平噪声容限=最小输出高电平电压-最小输入高电平电压 低电平噪声容限=最大输入低电平电压-最大输出低电平电压 噪声容限=min{高电平噪声容限,低电平噪声容限} (4)写出各项任务的测试方法及步骤。 步骤见各任务; (5)列出各项任务记录数据的表格。 表格见各任务; (6)写出测试过程中的注意事项。 测试2:每次在改变变阻器阻值时,都要断电后再进行电阻的测量,而且计 算时电阻的取值以实际测量值为准; 测试3:要注意传输延迟时间的定义,是以输入,输出的幅值的一半对应的时间点为基准进行计算的数据记录 (7)根据选做任务内容分析图5电路,试着给出取样电阻R的阻值范围。三.必做任务 1. CMOS与非门CD4011的电压传输特性

外贸函电翻译参考答案修订稿

外贸函电翻译参考答案 WEIHUA system office room 【WEIHUA 16H-WEIHUA WEIHUA8Q8-

Lesson 2 1. We avail ourselves of this opportunity to introduce to you as a foreign-invested corporation specializing in arts and crafts. 2. We want to acquaint ourselves with the supply position of steel products。 3 We are enclosing a cope of pricelist. have 28 distributors across the world. 5. We are one of the leading exporters of Chinese industrial products and are desirous of entering into business relations you. Lesson 3 are a dealer in Egypt.。 2. I have?2 years of?follow-up purchase orders and shipping experience 3. We have pictures of sports shoes selling well in UK. 4. We are sending some samples and brochures under separate cover for your reference. 5. We are interested in the electric appliance in your sample. Please kindly send your quotations to us. 6. We’d like to inform that you’ll find our new products are at Stand 16. Lesson 4 1. We are looking for a reliable supplier who can provide us the laptop. 2. I would like to buy computers and computer parts. Please send me a detailed pricelist with min. Order and shipping costs.

工厂供电课程总结

第一章概论 1. 工厂课程任务:主要是讲述电能供应和分配问题,并讲述继电保护、电气照明,使学生初步掌握供电系统和电气照明运行维护和设计计算所必需的基本理论和基本知识,为今后从事工厂供电技术工作奠定一定的基础。 2. 工厂供电系统的有关知识 电力系统:由各种电压的电力线路将一些发电厂、变电所和电力用户联系起来的一个发电、输电、变电、配电和用电的整体,称为电力系统。 3. 额定电压 A:用电设备的额定电压: 线路首端与末端的平均电压即电网的额定电压。用电设备的额定电压规定与同级电网的额定电压相同。 B:发电机的额定电压:发电机额定电压规定高于同级电网额定电压5%。 C:电力变压器的额定电压:(1)电力变压器一次绕组的额定电压分两种情况: ①当变压器直接与发电机相联时,如图中的变压器T1,高于同级电网额定电压5%。 ②当变压器不与发电机相联而是连接在线路上时,如图的变压器T2,此其一次绕组额定电压应与电网额定电压相同。 (2)电力变压器二次绕组的额定电压一亦分两种情况: ①变压器二次侧供电线路较长,如图中的变压器T1,其二次绕组额定电压应比相联电网额定电压高10%。 ②变压器二次侧供电线路不长时,如图中的变压器T2,其二次绕组额定电压只需高于所联电网额定电压5%。 4. 电力系统的中性点运行方式:A,中性点直接接地系统低压配电系统,按保护接地形式,分为TN系统、TT系统和IT系统。B,中性点不接地的电力系统c,中性点经消弧线圈接地的电力系统 5. 工厂供电设计的主要内容:1,根据资料,计算出车间及全厂的计算负荷;2,根据计算负荷选择车间变电所位置和变压器的台数和容量;3,根据负荷等级全厂的计算负荷,选择供电电源、电压等级、和供电方式;4,选择总降的台数及容量;5,确定总降接线图和厂区的高压配电方案,6,选择电气设备及载流导体的截面,必要时进行短路条件下动稳定和热稳定的校验;7,选择继电保护,并进行参数的整定计算;8,提出变压器和厂区建筑物的防雷措施,接地方式及接地电阻的计算,9确定功率因数补偿措施;10,选择高压配电所的控制和调度方式,11,核算建设所需器材和总投资 第二章负荷计算 1.负荷计算:求计算负荷的这项工作称作为负荷计算。实质:是功率的计算。“计算负荷”:

ch2-4LEDIT绘制nmos管版图

LOGO 第2单元绘制版图 主讲:赵琳娜 LOGO 2.4 绘制版图 绘制版图 CH2 LOGO 绘制版图 根据手中的0.25um 设计规则,画出反相器中NMOS 管的版图!(Tanner) NMOS:1um/.25um PMOS:2um /.25um LOGO 绘制版图 画版图时,要严格按照design rule 来画! 软件:tanner14.1 L-Edit 软件使用说明详见《集成电路版图设计入门》 好。Come on ! LOGO Layer 零距离接触Tanner L-Edit ! LOGO 零距离接触Tanner L-Edit !

LOGO 零距离接触Tanner L-Edit ! LOGO 零距离接触Tanner L-Edit ! LOGO 零距离接触Tanner L-Edit ! LOGO 绘制版图 LOGO LVS DRC 验证通过并不代表Layout 就完全正确了,极端的例子是Layout 中即使什么都没画,DRC 也不会报错,所以我们还需将Layout 和Schematic 作对比,看看是不是该画的器件都画上了,该连的线也都连对了,这样的检查叫LVS(Layout Vs. Schematic) LVS 验证需要的三个文件: GDS2、网表文件(Netlist File )和LVS 命令文件 LOGO 绘制版图——DRC 检查

LOGO 绘制版图——DRC 检查LOGO 绘制版图 LOGO DRC 检查LOGO DRC 检查 LOGO DRC 检查LOGO 画Schematic ,提取网表文件 1)网表文件(Netlist File ) 1.

外贸函电课后练习答案

Unit 2 Establishing Business Relations & Inquiring Credit Reference I. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. We are one of the leading importers dealing in electronic products in the area, and take this opportunity to approach you, in the hoping of establishing business relations. 2. We have been engaged in handling importing and exporting of machinery and equipment for many years, and our products have enjoyed great popularity in many countries. 3. We owe your name and address to the Commercial Counselor’s office of our Embassy in Beijing. 4. We are given to understand that you are a manufacturer of daily chemicals. One of our clients intends to buy cosmetics from your country. We will appreciate it highly if you airmail the catalogue and price list of the goods available at present. 5. For our credit standing, please refer to the Bank of China, Shanghai Branch. II. Write a letter Dear Sirs, We have obtained your name and address from the Commercial Counsel of your Embassy in Beijing and are pleased to write to establish business relations with you. We are informed that you are in the market for Chinese Cotton Piece Goods, and this item falls with the scope of our business activities. To acquaint you with our goods available for export, we are enclosing a catalogue and price list. We are looking forward to your early reply. Faithfully yours, Unit 3 Enquiries and Replies II. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Please quote us your best price CIF Shanghai, including our 3% commission. 2. Should your price be found competitive, we intend to place an order with you for 300,000 yards of Cotton Cloth. 3. One of our customers is now interested in the Qingdao Haier Refrigerator made in your country. Please offer CIF London for 400 sets to be delivered in April.

正弦交流电路习题参考答案

第四章 正弦交流电路 [练习与思考] 4-1-1 在某电路中,() A t i ο60 314sin 2220-= ⑴指出它的幅值、有效值、周期、频率、角频率及初相位,并画出波形图。 ⑵如果i 的参考方向选的相反,写出它的三角函数式,画出波形图,并问⑴中各项有无改变? 解:⑴ 幅值 A I m 2220 有效值 A I 220= 频率 314 5022f Hz ωππ === 周期 1 0.02T s f = = 角频率 314/rad s ω= 题解图 初相位 s rad /3 π ψ- = 波形图如题解图所示 (2) 如果i 的参考方向选的相反, 则A t i ?? ? ??+=32 314sin 2220π,初相位改变了, s rad /3 2π ψ= 其他项不变。波形图如题解图 所示。 题解图 4-1-2 已知A )120314sin(101ο-=t i ,A )30314sin(202ο+=t i ⑴它们的相位差等于多少? ⑵画出1i 和2i 的波形。并在相位上比较1i 和2i 谁超前,谁滞后。 解:⑴ 二者频率相同,它们的相位差?-=?-?-=-=1503012021i i ψψ? (2)在相位上2i 超前,1i 滞后。波形图如题解图所示。 题解图 4-2-1 写出下列正弦电压的相量

V )45(sin 2201ο-=t u ω,)V 45314(sin 1002ο +=t u 解:V U ?-∠=?4521101 V U ?∠=? 452502 4-2-2 已知正弦电流)A 60(sin 81ο +=t i ω和)A 30(sin 62ο -=t i ω,试用复数计算电流 21i i i +=,并画出相量图。 解:由题目得到 A j j j j I I I m m m ?∠=+=-++=?-?+?+?=? -∠+?∠=+=? ??1.231093.32.9)32.5()93.64()30sin 630cos 6()60sin 860cos 8(30660821 所以正弦电流为 )A 1.23(sin 101ο +=t i ω 题解图 相量图如题解图所示。 4-2-3 指出下列各式的错误。 A I 3010∠=, )V 45sin 100ο +=t ( U ω A e I j 3010=, A )20314sin 10ο+=t (I 解:A I 3010∠= 应改为 A I ?∠=? 3010 )V 45sin 100ο +=t ( U ω 应该为 )V 45sin 100ο +=t ( u ω A e I j 30 10= 应该为 A e I j ? ? =3010 A )20314sin 10ο +=t (I 应该为 A )20314sin 10ο +=t (i 4-3-1 已知H 1=L 的电感接在400Hz/100V 的正弦电源上,u 的初相位为200 ,求电流并画 出电流、电压的相量图。 解:已知 V U ?∠=? 20100 A j jX U I L ?-∠=??? ∠== ? ? 7004.01 400220100π

工厂供电设计的负荷计算毕业论文

工厂供电设计的负荷计算毕业论文 目录 摘要..................................................................... I ABSTRACT................................................................. II 第一章绪论. (3) 1.1课题设计背景 (3) 1.2工厂供电设计的一般原则 (3) 1.3工厂供电设计容及步骤 (3) 第二章负荷计算和功率补偿 (3) 2.1负荷计算的容和目的 (3) 2.2负荷计算的方法 (3) 第三章变压器容量和数量的选择 (3) 第四章主接线方案的选择 (3) 4.1对变电所主结线的一般要求 (3) 4.2变电所主结线 (3) 4.2.1单电源进线的变电所主接线 (3) 4.2.2双回电源进线变电所主接线 (3) 第五章短路电流的计算 (3) 5.1短路电流计算的目的及方法 (3) 5.2三相短路电流计算 (3) 第六章导线、电缆的选择 (3)

6.1 导线电缆的使用条件 (3) 6.2 导线电缆的选择 (3) 第七章电气设备的选择 (3) 7.1电气设备选择的一般原则 (3) 7.2高压开关电器的选择 (3) 7.2.1高压断路器的选择 (3) 7.2.2高压隔离开关的选择 (3) 7.2.3电流互感器的选择 (3) 7.3配电所高压开关柜的选择 (3) 第八章变压器的继电保护 (3) 8.1概述 (3) 8.2变压器电流保护的接线方式 (3) 8.3继电保护配置 (3) 8.3.1变压器的过电流保护 (3) 8.3.2变压器的电流速断保护 (3) 第九章二次回路操作电源和中央信号回路 (3) 9.1二次回路的操作电源 (3) 9.2中央信号回路 (3) 9.2.1概述 (3) 9.2.2对中央信号回路的要求 (3) 第十章测量和绝缘监视回路 (3) 10.1测量仪表的配置 (3)

集成门电路功能测试(三态门)

集成门电路功能测试实验报告 一实验内容 1 三态门的静态逻辑功能测试。 2 动态测试三台门。并画出三态门的输出特性曲线。输入为CP矩形波。 3 测试三态门的传输延迟时间。 4 动态测试三态门的电压传输特性曲线。输入为三角波。 二实验条件 硬件基础实验箱,函数信号发生器,双踪示波器,数字万用表,74LS125。 三实验原理 1 首先测试实验箱上提供的频率电源参数是否正确。 打开实验箱电源,把分别把5MHz的脉冲接入红表笔上,黑表笔接地。观察示波器显示波形的频率是否为5MHz,经过观察计算,波形频率接近5M。误差很小,从下图可以看出,ch1为输入波形一个周期占四个格子,可计算得到f=5MHz。 2 三态门的静态逻辑功能测试。(后面四个实验都是通过示波器在同一时刻测试 3动态测试三台门。并画出三态门的输出特性曲线。输入为CP矩形波。 使能端无效是波形:

使能端有效时输出波形 4 测试三态门的传输延迟时间。 通过测量同一时刻的输入输出波形,可以观察到三态门的输出延迟。得到波形图为

CH1,CH2分别为输入输出波形,可以看出在上升沿的输出延迟为10ns 然而下降沿的时候的截图已经丢失了,依稀记得在实验时候,测得是数据下降沿的输出延迟与上升沿的不一致,并且比上升沿的短。为9.6ns,其传输延迟为两个延迟的平均值9.8ns。 5 测试三态门的电压传输特性曲线。输入为三角波。 得到输入输出波形为:CH1为输入,CH2为输出。

得到阀值电压为0.92V。 四总结 这次实验基本上和上次实验的方法一样,没遇到什么大的问题。就是还是粗心。五评价 实验效果挺好。巩固了对逻辑器件的功能测试的方法和操作。

各种图形计算公式

圆柱体: 表面积:2πRr+2πRh 体积:πRRh (R为圆柱体上下底圆半径,h为圆柱体高) 圆锥体: 表面积:πRR+πR[(hh+RR)的平方根] 体积: πRRh/3 (r为圆锥体低圆半径,h为其高, 平面图形 名称符号周长C和面积S 正方形 a—边长 C=4a S=a2 长方形 a和b-边长 C=2(a+b) S=ab 三角形 a,b,c-三边长h-a边上的高s-周长的一半A,B,C-内角其中 s=(a+b+c)/2 S=ah/2=ab/2·sinC =[s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)]1/2= a2sinBsinC/(2sinA) 四边形 d,D-对角线长α-对角线夹角 S=dD/2·sinα 平行四边形 a,b-边长h-a边的高α-两边夹角 S=ah=absinα 菱形 a-边长α-夹角D-长对角线长d-短对角线长 S=Dd/2=a2sinα 梯形 a和b-上、下底长h-高m-中位线长 S=(a+b)h/2=mh 圆 r-半径 d-直径 C=πd=2πr S=πr2=πd2/4 扇形 r—扇形半径 a—圆心角度数 C=2r+2πr×(a/360) S=πr2×(a/360) 弓形 l-弧长 S=r2/2·(πα/180-sinα) b-弦长=r2arccos[(r-h)/r] - (r-h)(2rh-h2)1/2 h-矢高=παr2/360 - b/2·[r2-(b/2)2]1/2 r-半径=r(l-b)/2 + bh/2 α-圆心角的度数≈2bh/3 圆环 R-外圆半径 S=π(R2-r2) r-内圆半径=π(D2-d2)/4 D-外圆直径 d-内圆直径 椭圆 D-长轴 S=πDd/4 d-短轴 二维图形

正弦交流电路的分析与讲解

授课日期年月日第课时

第一节纯电阻电路 一、电路: 1.纯电阻电路:交流电路中若只有电阻,这种电路叫纯电阻电 路。 2.电阻元件对交流电的阻碍作用,单位Ω 二、电流与电压间的关系: 1.大小关系: 设在纯电阻电路中,加在电阻R上的交流电压u = U m sin ωt,则通过电阻R的电流的瞬时值为: i = R u = R t Uω sin m = I m sin ω t I m = R U m I = 2 m I = R U 2 m= R U I = R U :纯电阻电路中欧姆定律的表达式,式中:U、I为交流电 路中电压、电流的有效值。 2.相位关系: (1)在纯电阻电路中,电压、电流同相。 (2)表示:解析式、相量图和波形图。 例:在纯电阻电路中,电阻为44 Ω,交流电压 u = 311 sin ( 314 t + 30? ) V,求通过电阻的电流多大?写出电流的解析式。 练习: 已知交流电压u = 2202sin ( 314 t + 45? ) V,它的有效 是,频率是,初相是。若电路接上一电阻负载R = 220 Ω,电路上电流的有效值是,电流的解析式 是。 小结: 1.纯电阻电路中欧姆定律的表达式。 2.电阻两端的电压和通过电阻的电流的关系。

课前复习: 电阻元件上电流、电压之间的关系 1.大小关系 2.相位关系 第二节纯电感电路 一、电路: 二、电感对交流电的阻碍作用: 1.演示: 电感在交、直流电路中的作用 2.分析与结论: 电感线圈对直流电和交流电的阻碍作用是不同的。对于直流电起阻碍作用的只是线圈电阻,对交流电,除线圈电阻外,电感也起阻碍作用。 (1)电感对交流电有阻碍作用的原因。 (2)感抗:电感对交流电的阻碍作用。用X L表示,单位:Ω。(3)感抗与ω、L有关: ①L越大,X L就越大,f越大,X L就越大。 ②X L与L、f有关的原因。 ③X L = ω L = 2 π f L 单位:X L―欧姆(Ω);f -赫兹(Hz);L -亨利(H)。(4)电感线圈在电路中的作用:通直流、阻交流,通低频、阻高频。 (5)应用: 低频扼流圈:用于“通直流、阻交流”的电感线圈叫低频扼流圈。 高频扼流圈:用于“通低频、阻高频”的电感线圈叫高频扼流圈。

外贸函电翻译参考答案

Lesson 2 1. We avail ourselves of this opportunity to introduce to you as a foreign-invested corporation specializing in arts and crafts. 2. We want to acquaint ourselves with the supply position of steel products。 3 We are enclosing a cope of pricelist. have 28 distributors across the world. 5. We are one of the leading exporters of Chinese industrial products and are desirous of entering into business relations you. Lesson 3 are a dealer in Egypt.。 2. I have?2 years of?follow-up purchase orders and shipping experience 3. We have pictures of sports shoes selling well in UK. 4. We are sending some samples and brochures under

separate cover for your reference. 5. We are interested in the electric appliance in your sample. Please kindly send your quotations to us. 6. We'd like to inform that you'll find our new products are at Stand 16. Lesson 4 1. We are looking for a reliable supplier who can provide us the laptop. 2. I would like to buy computers and computer parts. Please send me a detailed pricelist with min. Order and shipping costs. 3 Regarding the model we attached here, our target price is for our market. 4. We allow you a discount of 3% for quantity over 1000 pieces of the offered item. 5. As regards our financial standing, please refer to the Bank of China, Shanghai Branch. Lesson 5

工厂供电的设计

工厂供电的设计 Document number:PBGCG-0857-BTDO-0089-PTT1998

工厂供电的设计 一、工厂供电的意义和要求 工厂供电,就是指工厂所需电能的供应和分配,亦称工厂配电。 众所周知,电能是现代工业生产的主要能源和动力。电能既易于由其它形式的能量转换而来,又易于转换为其它形式的能量以供应用;电能的输送的分配既简单经济,又便于控制、调节和测量,有利于实现生产过程自动化。因此,电能在现代工业生产及整个国民经济生活中应用极为广泛。 在工厂里,电能虽然是工业生产的主要能源和动力,但是它在产品成本中所占的比重一般很小(除电化工业外)。电能在工业生产中的重要性,并不在于它在产品成本中或投资总额中所占的比重多少,而在于工业生产实现电气化以后可以大大增加产量,提高产品质量,提高劳动生产率,降低生产成本,减轻工人的劳动强度,改善工人的劳动条件,有利于实现生产过程自动化。从另一方面来说,如果工厂的电能供应突然中断,则对工业生产可能造成严重的后果。 因此,做好工厂供电工作对于发展工业生产,实现工业现代化,具有十分重要的意义。由于能源节约是工厂供电工作的一个重要方面,而能源节约对于国家经济建设具有十分重要的战略意义,因此做好工厂供电工作,对于节约能源、支援国家经济建设,也具有重大的作用。 工厂供电工作要很好地为工业生产服务,切实保证工厂生产和生活用电的需要,并做好节能工作,就必须达到以下基本要求:

(1)安全在电能的供应、分配和使用中,不应发生人身事故和设备事故。 (2)可靠应满足电能用户对供电可靠性的要求。 (3)优质应满足电能用户对电压和频率等质量的要求 (4)经济供电系统的投资要少,运行费用要低,并尽可能地节约电能和减少有色金属的消耗量。 此外,在供电工作中,应合理地处理局部和全局、当前和长远等关系,既要照顾局部的当前的利益,又要有全局观点,能顾全大局,适应发展。 二、工厂供电设计的一般原则 按照国家标准GB50052-95 《供配电系统设计规范》、GB50053-94 《10kv及以下设计规范》、GB50054-95 《低压配电设计规范》等的规定,进行工厂供电设计必须遵循以下原则: (1)遵守规程、执行政策;

外贸函电课后练习答案大全

选择题 第二单元:询价与回复 一:1.You name D. has been recommended to us by the Chamber of Commerce in New York.. 2. Our market survey informs us that you are A. in the market for Audio and Electronic Equipment. 3. We should be pleased to receive you’re A. illustrated catalogue and price list. 4. We are B. well-established exporters of all kinds of Chinese good. 5. If your price are competitive, we are confident D. in selling the goods in great quantities in this market. 6. We shall appreciate B. your quoting us FOB Sydney. 7. As we are one of the leading importers in this line, we are B. in a position to handle large quantities. 第三单元:资信调查 一:1.For information D. concerning our credit standing we refer you to Bank of China, Shanghai Branch. 2. We should be grateful if you would say C. whether they are likely to be reliable for a credit up to USS20.000. 3. Any information you kindly give us will be treated in strict confidence and A. without any responsibility on your part. 4. Will you please inform us, B. in confidence, of the extent of their resources and also as to their reputation? 5. D. While appreciating your decision to place regular orders with us, we respectfully request that you furnish us two references for the initial purchase. 第四单元:促销 1.(C、Having made)a special purchase of toys on very favorable terms, we are able to offer to you at the following attractive prices 2 we can only(A、hold open)this very advantageous offer for a few weeks.. 3 the recent advance in the cost of raw materials (B、has compelled)us to make a slight increase in the Prices 4 although costs have been (C、rising)steadily since last October , we have not yet (raised)our prices 5 (B、with a view to )supporting your sales, we are sending some samples of our new makes. 第五单元:报盘与还盘 1A comparison of your offer (A、with that of )our regular suppliers shows that their figures are more favorable. 2 If your prices are competitive, we are confident(D、in selling)the goods in great quantities in this market. 3 we confirm our fax just sent (A、offering you firm)these goods. 4 we offer you the following items(D、subject to)your reply reaching here by 4p.m today our time. 5 although we appreciate good quality of your goods, we are sorry to say that your prices appears to be(C、on the high side). 6 we trust that we may be (C、favored)with a continuance of your valued orders. 7 we hope that you will see your way to (B、grant)us your order, and assure you in advance of its most careful execution 8 not having heard from you since, we should be glad to know whether there is any disadvantage in our terms which we could (B、remove). 9 you are (C、assured)that we will quote our best prices as soon as we are told what products of ours you need. 10 in all probability this offer will not be (A、repeated)for some time, and we according look forward to receiving an early reply from you. 第六单元: 订单 一、Fill in the blanks with your choices 1.This order the sample you sent us on March 24.(A、is placed on) 2.We hope you will give your usual best attention this order.(B、to the execution of) 3.We have decided to place a trial order for the following stated in your letter.(B、on the terms) 4.we would like to supply you with the product, we are unable to fill your order owing to the heavy backlog of commitments. (B、Much as) 5.We must apologize you being unable to fill your present order.(D、To… for ) 6.We have accepted your Order No.234. Please open the relevant L/C,here two weeks prior to the date of shipment.(A、which must reach) 7.We are enclosing our latest catalogue some of the items may be of interest to you.(C、in the hope that) 8.The order is given strictly on the condition that shipment must be made not later than the first day of May.(B、enclosed) 第七单元:支付 一、单选 1.As requested, we have immediately arranged (A、with) our bankers to extend the expiry date of our L/C for two weeks (up to) 10th March. 2.As arranged, we would ask you to open an irrevocable credit in (C、our) favor and shall hand over shipping documents (against) acceptance of our draft. 3.We inform you that we have opened an irrevocable credit (D、with) the London Bank in your favor. 4.We advised the bank to amend the clause (D、to read)“partial shipment are permitted”. 5.We enclose our cheque for US$ 200 (A、in payment of) your invoice No.D-124. 第九单元:保险 一:选择题 1: please insure the goods (A、against) F.P.A. for US 100,000. 注:against加险别for加保额 2: please effect insurance (D、on) the cargo for US50,000 by S.S.Bright from Tianjin to seattle. 3: we have opened insurance you ordered for US9,000 (D、on) the shipment by S.S.East sun. 4: we wish to renew the above policy (C、for) the same amount and (on)the same terms as before to cover our consignment to be shipped b s.s.bright next month. 5: as requester, we have covered insurance (on) 20,000 DVD players (at) 10% above the invoice value (against) all risks. 6: unless we hear from you (A、to) the contrary before the end of this month, we shall arrange to cover the goods against t p a for the value of the goods plus freight. 7: any additional coverage(险别)other (B、than) ISS shall be for the account of the buyer. 8: we confirm that we hold the consignment covered as (from) today. 9: we have arranged (A、for) surveyor to investigate the extent of the damage and shall forward his report together with our claim. 10: we understand that these terms will apply (C、to)all our shipments of bottled sherry by regular liners to west European ports. 完形填空 第二单元:Fill in each blank in the letter below with a word that fits naturally.

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