（一）动词-ing形式做状语
动词-ing形式在句中可以作状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随状况等.
一，动词-ing形式在时态方面有一般式和完成式之分，在语态方面则有一般式和完成式之分。
一般式：doing(主动式) being done(被动式)
完成式：having done(主动式) having been done(被动式)
在使用动词-ing形式时，必须注意以下几点：
1,being done所表示的动作正在进行且表示被动含义，它在句中主要作定语。如：
Eg:The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.
2,动词-ing形式的完成式主要作状语，强调动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。主动式表示主动含义，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；被动式表示被动含义，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。
Eg:1)Having finished his homework, he went out to play with the other children.
2) Having being kept in prison for so many years, he was not used to the outside world.
二，注意下面固定搭配，他们在句中通常作状语。如：Generally/Frankly/ Roughly speaking 一般说来/坦白地说/粗略地说, considering. . . 鉴于/考虑到……, judging by/from. . . 从……来看, 依据……来判断, supposing/suppose that. . . 假定……, providing that. . . 假定……, according to. . . 依据……, including. . . 包括……, owing to. . . 由于……, talking/speaking of谈及……
Eg:1)Judging from his accent, he must be from Canada.
2)Supposing he can’t come, who will do the work?
三，动词-ing形式做状语时，在动词-ing形式与主句之间不能再使用任何连词链接。Eg: Standing on the hill, and you will see much futher.(误).
Standing on the hill, you will see much futher.(误).
四，使用动词-ing形式做状语时，该动词-ing形式必须同句子的主语存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，否则就不能使用动词-ing形式，在句中做状语，而要用一个从句或是独立主格结构。
Eg: Being hot, we all went swimming at the seaside.[误]
As it was hot, we all went swimming at the seaside.【正】
五，动词-ing形式的否定式是在动词-ing形式的前面加not.
Not having received his reply, I decided to call him again.
【练习】
Ⅰ，用括号内所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子。
1，___________ (turn) left at the crossroads, you will see the post office on the right.
2, The news shocked the public,___________(lead) to great concern about food safety in our country.
3, When ____________(hear) the good news that they would meet Yao Ming, all the students became excided.
4, A large number of people stood at the entrance of the stadium,___________(wait) for the football match to begin.
5, _____________(not know) how to solve the maths questions, Susan had to turn her deskmate for help.
6, _____________(compare) my answer with his to the question, I feel his is better.
7, The boy ran out of the room, _____________(shout) loudly.
8, _____________(fail) to reach them on the phone, we sent an e-mail instead.
9, _____________(look) at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. 10, The lady walked around the shops,__________(keep) an eye out for bargains.
11, _____________(tell) many times, he finally remembered it.
12, She was in the sitting room__________(watch) TV.
Ⅱ. 根据括号内的提示，用动词-ing 形式完成下列句子。
1, _________________________(穿过) the park, we saw a fine flower show.(walk)
2, _______________________________(重达近50公斤)，the stone was moved by him.(weigh)
3, she worked late into the night,_________________________(准备一份演讲稿) for the president.(prepare)
4, ________________________(和……一起生活) the man for three years, we all know him very well.(live).
5, _________________________(不知道) his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.(know).
6, Don’t sit there _________________________(什么都不要). Come and give me a hand.(do) 7, We all went for a picnic,________________________(留下他一个人)at home.(leave)
8, _____________________________(已经遭受) serious pollution, it may be too late to clean up the river.(suffer)
Ⅲ,下列各句均有一处错误，找出这个错误并将其改正。
1, Seeing the film before, he decided to stay at home to night.
_________________
2, Having knocked down by a car, he spent a week in the hospital.
_________________
3, Having not done the experiment right, I tried again and succeeded.
_________________
4, Being led by the old villager, we had no trouble finding that cave.
_________________
5, Having finished the homework, and he went on to help his mother.
_________________
Answers:
Ⅰ,1Turning, 2leading, 3hearing, 4waiting, 5Not knowing, 6Comparing, 7shouting, 8Having failed, 9Looking, 10keeping, 11Having been told, 12watching
Ⅱ, 1Walking through, 2Weighing almost 50 kilograms, 3preparing a speech, 4having lived with, 5Not knowing, 6doing nothing, 7leaving him alone, 8Having suffered from
Ⅲ, 1seein g→Having seen，2Having后加been, 3Having not→Not having, 4Being led→Led, 5去掉and
（二）动词-ing形式做主语和宾语
一，动词-ing形式做主语表示一般性和重复性的动作。
Eg: 1Walking on the moon is more difficult than on the earth.
(在月球上行走比在地球上困难)
2Smoking is harmful to your health.
(吸烟对身体有害)
【注意】不定式做主语通常表示将来发生的一次性的动作。
Eg:1To look after the children is your job this afternoon.
(你今天下午的工作就是照看好这些孩子。)
2To get there in time seems impossible for us.
(对我们来说及时到达那里是不可能的。)
二，下列动词和短语的后面要接动词-ing形式宾语：admit(承认), appreciate, avoid, consider （考虑）, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, put off, risk, suggest(建议), can’t help(禁不住)
Eg: 1Would you mind doing me a favor?
(你介意给我帮帮忙吗？)
2The old man suggested setting off early.
(老人建议早点出发。)
三，下列这些短语中的to是介词，其后的动词要用动词-ing形式：devote oneself to(献身于), admit to(承认), be equal to(), be familiar to, get down to(开始认真做某事), look forward to(期望), lead to, object to(反对), be opposed to(反对), pay attention to, point to, stick to(坚持), see to(注意，处理), be used to(习惯于),turn to(求助于).它们的动词后要用动词-ing形式。
Eg：1I’m looking forward to receiving your reply soon.
(我希望早日收到你的回复)
2Many people are opposed to setting up a factory there.
(许多人反对在那里建工厂)
四，表示“需要”的三个动词（need, want, require）的后面习惯接不定式的被动式和动词-ing形式的主动式表示被动意义。
Eg：The flowers need watering=The flowers need to be watered.
(花需要浇水了)
五，有一部分动词后面可接不定时和动名词作宾语，但含义有所不同。
forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)
stop to do sth. 停止、中断(某件事), 目的是去做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停止正在做或经常做的事
remember to do sth. 记住去做某事(未做)
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)
regret to do sth. 对……遗憾(常跟say, tell, inform等)
regret doing sth. 对做过的事后悔
try to do sth. 努力、企图做某事
try doing sth. 试验、试一试某种办法
mean to do打算, 有意要做……
mean doing 意味着
go on to do 继而(去做另外一件事情)
go on doing继续(原先没有做完的事情)
can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing sth 禁不住做某事
六，在介词后面出现动词时，这个动词应用动词-ing形式，在句中作动词的宾语。Eg: He went to the cinema without taking his wife.
(他去看电影时，没有带上他的妻子)
I’m sorry for bringing you so much trouble.
(对不起，给你带来了那么多的麻烦)
七，注意，如果要表示被动含义，则要用动词-ing形式的被动结构being done.
Eg: He came to the party without being invited.
(他没有收到邀请也参加了这个晚会)
She still remembers being taken to Beijing when she was still young.
(她还记得很小的时候被带去过北京)
八，如果要清楚的表示动词-ing形式所动作的发出者，还可以在动词-ing形式之前加上人称代词的所有格或名词的所有格，构成动词的复合结构。
Eg: The teacher was angry about Tom’s/his being late for school.
(老师对于汤姆/他上学迟到很生气)
His being rude made his parents angry.
(他表现粗鲁，惹父母生气)
九，常见固定句型
a. There is no use/good/sense/harm＋doing sth. 做某事没用/不好/没意义/没有害处。
b. have difficulty/trouble/problems/a hard time/a good time/fun(＋in)＋doing sth. 。
c. spend/waste/lose time(in) doing sth. 。
d. “have +宾语+ doing sth. ”意为“叫/让/使某人做某事或让某种情况发生”。宾语后面用动词的ing形式作宾语补足语, 表示宾语与动词的ing形式表示的动作之间为主动关系, 且动作持续进行。
e. catch sb. doing sth. 当场发现某人干某事。
［例］There is no use crying over spilt milk.
He had a good time in travelling abroad this summer vacation.
Don’t have the dog barking much, Li Lin.
If she catches me reading her diary, she’ll be angry.
十，动词advise/allow/permit/forbid后既可跟doing sth. 作宾语, 又可跟to do(不定式作宾语补足语)。
【即学即练】
Ⅰ,根据括号里的汉语提示，完成下列句子
1, I can hardly imagine _________________________________________
(你在这么短的时间内完成这么多的事情)
2,.In the past, he used to ________________________________________
(被送到国外学习)
3，He has always insisted on ____________________________________
（被送到国外学习）
4, ----I usually go there by air.
----Why not_________________________________________________
(尝试一下坐地铁去那里)
5, I would appreciate ___________________________________________
(你父亲今天下午给我回个电话)
6, You must __________________________________________________
(就迟到一事向老师道歉)
7, How about the two of us ______________________________________
(去爬山)this afternoon.
8, No one enjoys ______________________________________________
(让人笑话) in public places.
9, Do you mind_______________________________________________
(我在这里吸烟)
10, _________________________________________(在早上朗读英语) has been part of his daily life.
11, It’s no good ______________________________________________
(把什么事都留到最后一刻处理)
12, He admitted ______________________________________________
(把这里两条裙子的价格弄混了)
13, Tom insisted on ___________________________________________
(我和他一起去)
14, The cat was lucky that it just missed ___________________________
(被抓住)
15, He often tells me that he regrets _______________________________
(没有采纳你的建议)
16, He is looking forward to ______________________________________
(收到他哥哥的来信)
17, _________________________________________(在学校被表扬) hasn’t made Jack too proud of himself. He keeps working hard.
18, _________________________________________(在公园散步) is one of his ways to relax.
Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1, I must apologize for _______________ (not inform) you about the meeting ahead of time. 2, She looks forward every spring to ___________ (pick) some beautiful flowers in the mountain.
3, When we were young , we tried to spend our time _____________(play) all kinds of games in the fields.
4, While shopping online, many women sometimes can’t help ______________(persuade) into buying something they don’t really need.
5, I feel like _______________(go) to the party this evening, but I have to work extra hours to finish a report.
6, You should stop ____________(stop), because it is harmful to your health.
7, I try to avoid ____________(work) late at night.
8, Have we studied this before? I’ve forgotten ________(learn) it.
9,I remember ___________ (go) to the beach as a child.
10, When do you practice ___________(play) the piano?
11, I can not help __________(wonder) why she dose not like me.
12, He kept on ___________(ask) me for my phone number.
13, My new job means __________(travel) all over the world.
Answers:
Ⅰ,1your finishing so much work in such a shot time
2devote all his free time to inventing new machines
3being sent to study abroad
4try going there by high-speed railway
5your father’s calling back this afte rnoon
6apologize to your teacher for your being late
7going to climb the mountain
8being laughed at
9my smoking here
10Reading English aloud in the moring
Ⅱ,1not informing 2picking 3playing 4being persuaded 5going
6smoking, 7working, 8learning, 9going, 10playing, 11wondering, 12asking, 13travelling （三）动词的ing形式作宾语补足语
一，动词的ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面, 表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作, 强调一个过程或一种状态。
［例］We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.
I found the little boy lying under the tree when I passed by.
二，with复合结构：with+宾语+doing(主动, 同时)/being done(正在被), 其宾语和宾语补足语所表示的动作保持逻辑上的主谓关系。
［例］With the children following him, he had to go back to the park.
【助记】以动词的ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词：make, let, have, keep, leave, look at, see, watch, hear, listen to, notice, find, feel等。可简化为“五让、三看、两听、一注意、一发现、一感觉”。
ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅥⅦⅧⅨⅩ
动名词的用法及练习 你听过英文语法有动词(verb)、名词(noun)；但你听过有动名词(gerund)吗 1. The girl is singing a song. 2. The girl singing now is my sister. 3. Singing is one of her hobbies(爱好). 一、名词性的动名词(Nominal Gerund) Nominal Gerund 可以加上定冠词(Definite article，如the)或不定冠词(Indefinite article，如a, an)，其他可加在动名词前的还有如：my, this, some, any, all, no 等等。举例如下： 1. The mellow(愉快地) singing of the birds announces the coming of spring. (singing前加定冠词the及形容词mellow；coming 前加the) 2. We knew the robber was near when we heard a faint rustling(沙沙声) in the bushes. (rustling 前加不定冠词a及形容词faint) 从上面的例子可看出如何将一个动词转成名词；但它和真正的名词还是有区别的，那就是没有单数或复数之分。不过，有一些动名词是可以变成真正名词的喔，如：saying, writing, opening, painting, cutting, heading, feeling, being,saving, surrounding, crossing, misunderstanding 等等。它们都可以有复数的喔，方法就是在它们的后面加个s，如：paintings。 二、动词性的动名词(Verbal Gerund) 看看下面的句子： Carelessly writing essays annoys the teacher. 上面的句子里的writing是动名词，但前面有副词carelessly（粗心地），后面又有受词(Object) essays。因此writing就有动词的特征。 注意：Verbal Gerund 这类动名词的前面可不能加上任何冠词(the, a, an ...)喔。 动名词的功能与用法 一、在句子中用作主语(Subject)或主语的补语(Subject Complement): 作主语 1. Listening to music gives me pleasure. (主语Listening ） 2. Running is good exercise. （主语running) 3. Walking to school is a good idea. (主语walking) 作主语的补语 1. My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (补语sleeping) 2. Seeing is believing. (主语seeing, 补语believing) 主语置于句尾用It + be + ... +v-ing 句型 1. It is fun speaking English. 2. It is of great importance fighting against pollution(污染). 用It is 后接no use. no good, fun 等的句型 1. It is no use learning theory without practice. 2. It is no fun being lost in rain. 用It is 后接useless, nice, good, interesting, worthwhile 等的句型 1. It is worthwhile taking this into consideration. 用There + be + no + v-ing 的句型 1. There is no joking about such matters. 2. There is no getting along with him. (简直无法与他相处) 二、动名词也可以作宾语（Object) 作动词/动词短语的宾语(置于动词或动词短语的后面） 1. I cannot help laughing. （我禁不住笑了起来）（宾语laughing) 2. You should avoid quarrelling with your sister. (宾语quarrelling) 3. You should practice speaking English more. (宾语speaking) 注意：上面三个句子中的动词:help, avoid, practice 只能用动名词作宾语。这类动词还有：dislike 厌恶admit 接受repent 后悔acknowledge 承认
动词变现在分词规则及 练习题 TTA standardization office【TTA 5AB- TTAK 08- TTA 2C】
动词变现在分词规则及练习题动词变现在分词规则 现在进行时1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段 正在进行的动作。2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing。 3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 5．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为： 疑问词+ be +主语+动词ing?如：What are you doing now你现在在干什么 但疑问词当主语时其结构为： 疑问词+ be +动词ing 如：Who is playing basketball on the playground 谁在操场上打篮球 动词加ing的变化规则 I一般情况下，直接加ing 1. go-going 去 2. stand-standing 站 3. sleep-sleeping 睡觉
4. eat-eating 吃 5. sing-singing 唱 6. drink-drinking 喝 7. read-reading 读 8. look-looking 看 9. walk-walking 散步 10. watch-watching 看 11. draw-drawing 画 12. fly-flying 飞 13. open-opening 打开 14. jump-jumping 跳 15. do-doing 做 16. paint-painting 绘画 17. pick-picking 捡 18. play-playing 玩 19. kick-kicking 踢 20. talk-talking 说话21. cook-cooking 烹饪 22. learn-earning 学习看 24. climb-climbing 爬 25. count-counting 数数 26. clean-cleaning 打扫27. fish-fishing 钓鱼 II以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing 1. come–coming 来 2. dance-dancing 跳舞 3. close-closing 关 4. make–making 制造 5. ride–riding 骑 6. write-writing 写 7. take - taking 拿走 8. phone-phoning 打电话 9. move–moving 移动/搬 10. have–having 有 III 双写加-ing : 重读闭音节就要双写.重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音
你听过英文语法有动词(verb)、名词(noun)；但你听过有动名词(gerund)吗？ 1. The girl is singing a song. 2. The girl singing now is my sister. 3. Singing is one of her hobbies(爱好). 三个句子中都有singing。第一个句子的singing是常见的现在进行式(Present Continuous)，是说眼下正在做什么；第二个句子的singing是现在分词(Present Participle)，它把sing这个动词转为形容词，但仍有动词的成份（哈哈，这么一说，要把你搞晕了吧:-) 。关于分词，以后有空再谈OK？）。好戏在后头，你看看第三个句子的singing到底是什么东东呀？原来就是我们的主角动名词(Gerund)了！憧矗瑂ing原本是个动词，可是现在它加上ing后，看来竟像是一个名词了。 一、名词性的动名词(Nominal Gerund) Nominal Gerund 可以加上定冠词(Definite article，如the)或不定冠词(Indefinite article，如a, an)，其他可加在动名词前的还有如：my, this, some, any, all, no 等等。举例如下： 1. The mellow(愉快地) singing of the birds announces the coming of spring. (singing前加定冠词the及形容词mellow；coming 前加the) 2. We knew the robber was near when we heard a faint rustling(沙沙声) in the bushes. (rustling 前加不定冠词a及形容词faint) 从上面的例子可看出如何将一个动词转成名词；但它和真正的名词还是有区别的，那就是没有单数或复数之分。不过，有一些动名词是可以变成真正名词的喔，如：saying, writing, opening, painting, cutting, heading, feeling, being,saving, surrounding, crossing, misunderstanding 等等。它们都可以有复数的喔，方法就是在它们的后面加个s，如：paintings。 二、动词性的动名词(Verbal Gerund) 看看下面的句子： Carelessly writing essays annoys the teacher. 上面的句子里的writing是动名词，但前面有副词carelessly（粗心地），后面又有受词(Object) essays。因此writing就有动词的特征。 注意：Verbal Gerund 这类动名词的前面可不能加上任何冠词(the, a, an ...)喔。 动名词的功能与用法 一、在句子中用作主语(Subject)或主语的补语(Subject Complement): 1.1 作主语 1. Listening to music gives me pleasure. (主语Listening ） 2. Running is good exercise. （主语running) 3. Walking to school is a good idea. (主语walking) 1.2 作主语的补语 1. My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (补语sleeping) 2. Seeing is believing. (主语seeing, 补语believing) 1.3 主语置于句尾 1.3.1 用It + be + ... +v-ing 句型 1. It is fun speaking English. 2. It is of great importance fighting against pollution(污染).
1 动名词的用法 动名词可以起名词的作用，在句子中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。动名词仍保留动词的 一般特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语，构成动名词短语。动名词的否定形式是在前面加上not, never等否定词。 （一）做主语和表语。动名词短语用and连起来做主语时，谓语用复数形式。例如：Fishing in this lake is forbidden. 这个湖里禁止钓鱼。 Going abroad for a visit and settling down abroad are two different things. 出国访问和在国外定居是两件不同的事情。 It seems that reading English is easier than speaking it.似乎读英语比说英语容易。 My favorite hobby is fishing/collecting stamps . 我最喜欢的爱好是钓鱼/集邮。 在It’s no use; It’s (no) good; It’s useless ; It’s (not) wise; It’s (not) worthwhile; It’s of great (no, little) importance 等习惯表达中，It为形式主语，而将做主语的动名词短语 放在后面。例如： It’s no use /good ringing her up now. 现在给她打电话没用了。 Is it worthwhile bargaining two hours for two cents? 为两分钱讲价两小时值得吗？ It’s wise trying again. 再试一次是明智的。 It is of great importance fighting against pollution. 制止污染有重要意义。 It is no use operating on the sick man. He should have been sent here early. 给这个病人做手术已经没用了。本应该早些把他送来。 It is no good smoking; you’d better give it up.吸烟没好处，你最好戒掉。 （二）动名词短语作宾语。常用的能接动名词的动词有：admit承认，appreciate 感激，avoid 避免，advise 建议，can’t help 不禁，celebrate 庆祝，consider 考虑，complete 完成，contemplate沉思、打算，defer推迟，delay 延期，deny 否认，detest 痛恨，discontinue 停止，dislike不喜欢，dispute不同意，endure 忍耐，enjoy 喜欢，escape逃脱，excuse 原谅，fancy想象，feel like 想要，finish结束，严禁，forgive 原谅，hinder 阻碍，imagine 想象，keep 保持，mention 提到，mind 在意，miss 错过，pardon 饶恕、原谅，permit 允许，postpone 推迟，practise 实践、练习，prevent 阻止，recall 回忆，report报告，resent 怨恨，resist抵制、阻止，risk冒险，stop 停止，suggest 建议，understand 明白、理解，等等。 例如： He avoided giving me a definite answer. 他避免给我一个正确答案。 David suggested selling your dog and car to pay the debt. 戴维建议卖掉你的狗和车 抵债。 （我们把这句话改为虚拟语气：David suggested that you (should) sell your dog and car to pay the debt. ） I couldn’t risk missing that train. 我可不敢冒误了那趟火车的险。
初中英语动名词的用法 动名词，即“动词原形+ing ”变成名词使用，具有双重性，既有动词的某些特征，有动词的各种变化形式；又有名词的某些性质，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。同时也能被副词修饰或者支配宾语。 一、动名词的名词的性质 1. 作主语 动名词作为主语有以下几种表现形式： 1) 直接作为主语。 例如： Taking exercise everyday is a good habit. Finding work is difficult these days. Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. [句中Walking (散步)作为句子主语，直接出现。句意：散步对年轻人和老年人是一项很好的运动。] 2) 用it 作形式主语，真正的主语作为后置主语。 例如： It isn't easy trying to climb the mountain. [ 句中It 作为形式主语，动名词短语trying to do sth. 才是真正的主语。] 能用于上述结构的形容词有：better，wonderful ，enjoyable，interesting，foolish ，
difficult ，useless，senseless，worthwhile 等。但是important, essential, necessary等形容词不能用于上述结构。 用it 代替动名词作形式主语的除了上述句型外，还有一种句型为： It is no use/ useless/ useful/ no good/ great fun/ a waste of time/ nice/ good+ v-ing 例如： It's no use trying to argue with him. 3) “ There be” 的结构 这种句型一般是否定形式，There是引导词，作为形式 主语，动名词做真正主语。意思是“不可能……”。 例如： There is no joking about such matters. 4) 告示或简略的警告用语中，动名词在祈使句中作主语一般是否定的、省略的形式。 例如： No climbing. (No climbing is allowed. ) 5) 组成复合结构动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，可在其前面加上所有 格， 使之变成复合结构，可作为句中主语。 例如：
过去分词专项练习 过去分词两个显著的特点即：从时间上讲，表示动作已经完成；从语态上讲，表示被动的概念，但是如果是不及物动词用作过去分词形式，则只表示动作的完成，而没有被动意义。如fallen leaves 落叶retired workers 退休工人。过去分词主要起形容词或副词的作用，表示“被动、完成”的意义，在句中作状语、定语、补足语、表语等。选择分词时，关键看分词与其逻辑主语的关系，若是其逻辑主语主动发出的动作，选用现在分词；若是被动动作，则选用过去分词。 过去分词用法总结如下： 一、表语: 1．The cup is broken. 2． The door remains locked. 3．She looked disappointed. 二、定语： 要求学生必须掌握过去分词做定语的位置，告诉他们单个过去分词及由过去分词构成的复合形容词作定语时，通常置于被修饰词之前，但修饰代词时，需置于被修饰词之后，而过去分词短语作定语也要后置，即要放在被修饰词之后。 1. We needed much more qualified workers. ( 单个过去分词作定 语)
2. The girl dressed in white is my daughter. ( 过去分词短语作 定语) 3. Is there anything unsolved? There is nothing changed here since I left this town. (如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one 所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使是单个的过去分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词的后面) 4. This is a state-owned factory. This is a newly built building. Advertising is a highly developed industry. (单个过去分词与名词或副词构成复合形容词时，放在其修饰 的名词前作前置定语) 三、宾语补足语：可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有： 1）see, hear, find, feel, think等表示感觉和心理状态的动词He found his hometown greatly changed when he came back from abroad. He once heard the song sung in German. Everyone thought the match lost. 2) make, get, have, keep 等表示“致使”意义的动词： He’s going to have his hair cut. She had her foot injured in the fall. When you talk, you have to at least make yourself understood.
动名词（Gerund） 动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词+ ing 构成，否定形式为not doing， 兼有动词的特征和名词的功能。 二、动名词相当于名词，在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和定语 1、作主语 动名词是由动词变化而来，所以，动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。例如： Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟可能导致癌症。 Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火车到杭州要16 个小时。 Swimming develops the muscles. 游泳可以发展肌肉。 注意：动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用"It is …" 和"There is …"两种句式来表示。例如： It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office.我从办公室回家要花十分钟。 It needs time to make three copies of it.把它复制三份需要时间。 It's nice talking with you. 和你谈话很高兴。 It's no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没用。 It is no good learning without practice.学而不实践是没好处的。 There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。 There is no denying that she is very efficient. 她效率高是不容否认的。 2 、作定语动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示“用于……的”或表示“处于某件事情中的……”含义。例如：swimming pool 游泳池 walking stick 手杖opening speech 开幕词waiting room 候车室reading material 阅读材料floating needle 浮针listening aid 助听器working people 劳动人民 3 、作表语动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语，表达的是“某件事”等。例如： His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. （动名词）他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。 Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent.（动名词）读书当然是学习，然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。
动名词的用法详解 今天给大家带来动名词的用法详解，我们一起来学习吧，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 英语语法：动名词的用法详解 动名词因同时拥有动词和名词两者的特点而拥有及其丰富 的用法，熟练的掌握这些用法不仅可以使口语表达更地道生动，也能在写作中增分添彩。 动名词主要有四种用法，做主语，作宾语，作表语，作定语，每种用法下又分小类别，是一个非常复杂庞大的系统，学习者们往往会理不清脉络，今天就为大家带来动名词的用法讲解。 一.作主语 1.直接位于句首 eg.Swimming is a good sport in summer. 2.用it作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 eg.It is no use telling him not to worry.
.mportant，essential，necessary等形容词不能用于上述结构。 3.用于“There be”结构中 eg.There is no saying when hell come. 4.动名词的复合结构作主语: 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构,动名词疑问句通常使用这种结构做主语 eg.Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Does your saying that mean anything to him? 二.作宾语 1.作动词的宾语 某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。不定式通常指某种特定的动作，但动名词表示泛指，常见的此类动词有： admit,appreciate,excuse,stand,advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,e njoy,finish,give up,cannot help,imagine,include,keep,understand,keepon,mind,report,risk,mis s,put off,delay,practise,resist,suggest,depend on,think about,set about,succeed in,worry about,burst out,insist on,feel like,be used
高中英语语法之动名词 一、含义 动名词兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为v-ing, 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 动名词有时态和语态的变化。 动名词的时态和语态的基本形式：（以write为例） 注意：动名词的否定形式是：not writing 二、动名词的基本用法 １．用作主语---常表抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。 Smoking is bad for your health. Playing with fire is dangerous. Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。 Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 注意： ①不定式也可以做主语。不定式与动名词作主语的区别： 不定式作主语时经常表示具体的、 ．．．动作，而动名词 ．．．．一次性 作主语时经常表示抽象动作或习惯性动作。
Getting up early is a good habit. To get up early this morning made me sleepy. ②动名词作主语，有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。 It is no use/ good doing...(做。。。没有用); It is fun doing... (做。。。很有趣); It is a waste of time doing... (做。。。是浪费时间) 等句型中。 例如：It’s no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收） It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 说服这样一个人加入我们当中来是浪费时间。 2. 作宾语 ①作某些及物动词的宾语 常见的动词有：advise，avoid，delay，escape，excuse，enjoy，consider，finish，deny，fancy，keep，mind（在乎）postpone，pardon，practise，suggest，imagine等。 need，want，require后接动名词，表示被动意义。 如：Would you mind opening the door？请你把门打开好吗？ Fancy meeting you here. 真想不到在这里遇见你。 ②作介词的宾语 He left without saying good-bye to us. 他没有和我们道别就离开了。 On arriving at the airport，I saw my mother standing in the
现在分词专项练习题 I .单项选择 1. ____ the house on fire, he dialed 119. A. To see B. Seeing C. Having seen D. Being seen 2. ___a post office, I stopped____ some stamps. A. Passed, buying B. Passing, to buy C. Having passed, buy D. Pass, to buy 3. ____a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp. A. To save B. Saving C. Saved D. Having saved 4. The result of the test was rather _____. A. disappointed B. disappointing C. being disappointed D. disappoint 5. _____how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help. A. Not to know B. Not knowing C. Knowing not D. Not known 6. ____the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building. A. Having shown B. Showing C. Has shown D. Having been shown 7. He went from door to door, ____waste papers and magazines. A. gathering B. gathered C. gather D. being gathered 8. The student corrected his paper carefully, ____the professor’s suggestions. A. follow B. following C. followed D. being followed 9. People ____in the city do not know the pleasure of country life. A. live B. to live C. lived D. living 10. A person _____a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language, ______all about his own. A. to learn, to forget B. learning, to forget C. to learn, forgetting D. learning, forgetting 11. ___different kinds of pianos, the worker’s farther improved their quality. A. To produce B. Being produced C. Produced D. Having produced 12. ___many times, he still couldn’t understand. A. Having been told B. Having told C. He having been told D. Telling 13. China is one of the largest countries in the world, _____9. 6 million square kilometres. A. to cover B. covered C. covers D. covering 14. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,____ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 15. _____ the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room. A. Writing B. Having written C. Written D. Being written 16. He walked down the hills, ____softly to himself. A. sing B. singing C. sung D. to sing 17. When I came in, I saw Dr. Li _____a patient. A. examine B. examining C. to examine D. examined 18. ____a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very quickly. A. Having been given B. Having given C. Giving D. Being given 19. The next morning she found the man ______ in bed , dead .A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 20 . _______ a reply , he decided to write again . A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received II.用动词正确形式填空 1.______ more attention, the trees could have grown better.(give) 2.The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river. (play) 3.______ the railway station, we had a break, only ______ the train had left.(.Arrive, find) 4.With the boy ______ the way, we had no trouble ______ the way ______ to Zhongshan Park. (lead ;find) 5.______ these pictures,I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Being. (See) 6.I can hardly imagine Peter ______ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (sail) 7.If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air ______ against your face. (move ) 8.There was terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light. ( Follow ) 9.——Did you hear her ____ this pop song this time the other day? Yes,and I heard this song ______ in English. (sing;) 10.Climbing mountains was ______ ,so we all felt ______ . (tire)
动名词的用法 1．动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词+ ing 构成，否定形式为not doing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和 定语。 1）作主语动名词是由动词变化而来，所以，动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。例如： Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟可能导致癌症。 Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火车到杭州要16 个小时。 Swimming develops the muscles. 游泳可以发展肌肉。 动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用"It is …"和"There is …"两种句式来表示。例如： It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office. 我从办公室回家要花十分钟。 It needs time to make three copies of it. 把它复制三份需要时间。 It's nice talking with you. 和你谈话很高兴。 It's no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没用。 It is no use sending him over. It's too late already. 派他去没用，已经太晚了。 It was very difficult getting everything ready in time. 要把一切按时准备好很困难。 It is no use waiting for him any longer. 等他是没有用的。 It is no good learning without practice. 学而不实践是没好处的。 It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light. 用这种方法去测量光速是危险的。 It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again. 很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问题。 There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。 There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。 There is no harm in doing so. 这样做没有害处。 There is no littering about. 不许乱扔杂物。
班级： 姓名： 学号： 一、写出下列动词的现在分词： go_____________ stand__________ sleep__________ eat____________ sing___________ drink__________ read___________ look___________ walk___________ watch__________ draw___________ fly____________ open___________ jump___________ do_____________ paint__________ pick___________ play___________ kick___________ talk___________ cook___________ learn__________ look___________ climb___________ shop___________ clean___________ fish____________ come____________ dance___________ close___________ make____________ ride____________ write___________ take____________ phone___________ move____________ have____________ sit_____________ hope____________ swim____________ run_____________ cut_____________ put_____________ forget__________ get_____________ begin___________ hit___________ chat__________ stop__________ play__________ run___________ swim _________ make__________ go___________ like__________ write_________ ski___________ read__________ have__________ sing __________ dance__________ put___________ see___________ buy __________ love___________ live___________ take__________ come __________ get___________