Nancy
附录二十大话题
教育类（education）
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6610278529.html,pulsory education 义务教育
2. vocational education 职业教育
3. academic performance 学业表现
4. non-academic affairs 与学习无关的事情
5. puppy/ calf love 早恋
6. corporal punishment 体罚
7. tuition fee 学费
8. parents’ supervision 父母的监督
9. individual tutorship 个人辅导
10. turning point 转折点
11. the pursuit of knowledge 对知识的追求
12. maintain / disrupt classroom order 维护、扰乱课堂秩序
13. coeducational /single sex establishment 男女共校、单一性别学校
14. generation gap 代沟
15. indulge in 沉迷（表示“溺爱” 后面直接加宾语）
16. play truant 逃学
17. school shootings 校园枪击
18. broaden one’s horizons 开阔视野
19. the hardship and bitterness of life 生活的艰辛和苦难
20. appropriate advice and guidance 恰当的建议和指导
21. cultivate independence 培养独立性
22. a good habit of frugality 节约的好习惯
23. distinguish right from wrong 明辨是非
24. shoulder the responsibility of 肩负…… 的责任
25. be prone to do 容易做某事
26. go astray 误入歧途
27. violate social conventions and laws 违反社会习俗和法律
28. cast a shadow on one’s heart 在心中留下阴影
29. resist the temptation of 抵制……的诱惑
30. interpersonal skills 人际交往的技巧
31. peer pressure 同辈的压力
32. formative years 性格形成期
33. physically and emotionally immature 身心不成熟
34. a sense of superiority 优越感
35.socially adaptable 能适应社会的
36. adjust teaching methods 调整教学方法
37. exert a negative impact on 产生消极影响
38. juvenile crime=juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪juvenile delinquent 青少年犯罪者
39. a sense of belonging 归属感
40. qualified and experienced teachers 称职、有经验的老师
41. first class teaching facilities 一流的教学设施
42. education reform 教育改革
科技类（science and technology）
1.artificial intelligence 人工智能（artificial 人工的、人造的、非天然的）
2.side effects 副作用
3.technological revolution 科技革命
4.nuclear weapons 核武器
5.soil degradation 土壤退化
6.industrial mass-production 工业化大生产
7.enhance working efficiency and productivity 增强工作效率和生产力
8.substitute for humans 替代人类
9.intelligent machines 智能机器
10.humanization 人性化
11.unnerving problems 令人不安的问题
12.eye-friendly 对眼睛无害的
13.electronic innovation 电子革新
14.global village 地球村
15.industrial revolution 工业革命
16.mechanization 机械化
17.automation 自动化
18.scientific discovery 科学发现
19.cloning technology 克隆技术
20.replica of an individual organ 人体器官的复制品
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6610278529.html,an transplant 移植器官
22.genetic defect 基因缺陷
~ engineering 基因工程~ code 基因密码~ variability 基因变异
23.ethically and morally wrong 有悖伦理道德
24.space exploration 太空探索
25.Global Positioning Systems 全球定位系统
26.nanotechnology 纳米技术
27.impersonal device 非人性化的设备
环境资源类（environment and resources）
1.environmental protection (conservation)环境保护environmental conservationist 环保主义者
2.human activities 人类活动
3.city dwellers 城市居民
4.traffic congestion /traffic jam交通堵塞heavy traffic 形容交通拥挤
5.disposable products 一次性用品
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6610278529.html,ndfill 垃圾填埋场
7.litter collection and disposal 垃圾收集和处理
8.deforestation 砍伐森林
9.greenhouse effect 温室效应
10.acid rain 酸雨
11.sand storm 沙尘暴
12.solar energy 太阳能
13.ban on plastic bags 禁塑令
14.maintain the ecological balance 维持生态平衡
15.eco-friendly/environmental friendly环保的
16.natural disaster 自然灾害
17.a natural evolutionary process 自然进化的过程
18.short-term profit 短期利益
19.sustainable development 可持续发展
20.food chain 食物链
21.diversity of life 生物多样性
22.endangered species 濒危灭绝
23.ozone layer 臭氧层
24.forceful law and regulations 有力的法律法规
25.raise people’s environmental awareness 增强人们的环境意识
26.non-profit advertisement 公益广告
27.dispose of the rubbish 处理垃圾
28.the deterioration of the environment 环境恶化
29.animal right activists 动物权益保护者
30.wildlife preservation 野生动物保护
31.survival of the fittest 适者生存
32.turn a blind eye to 视而不见turn a deaf ear to 充耳不闻
政府类（government）
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6610278529.html,ernment administration 政府管理
2.national defense 国防
3.high levels of secrecy 高度机密
4.financial strength 财力
national revenue 国家财政收入national purse support 国家财政支持
5.expand domestic demand/ need 扩大内需
6.social undertaking 社会事业
7.national public health system 全国公共卫生体系
8.infrastructure 基础设施
9.pilot project 试点项目
10.feasible plan 可行的计划
11.institutional innovation 体制创新
12.economic return 经济效益
13.financial crisis 金融危机(economic downturn / slowdown/ slump/ depression/)
14.foreign direct investment 外商直接投资
15.supporting measures 配套措施
16.income gap 收入差距
17.promote all-round, balanced and sustainable development of the economy and society 推动经济社会全面、协调、可持续
发展
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6610278529.html,ernment mechanism 政府机制
19.reduce expenditure 减少开支curtail (vt) 削减
20.a beneficial economic cycle 良性经济循环
21.expand intra-county economics 壮大县域经济
22.carry out the process of urbanization 推动城镇化
23.public fitness program 公共健身运动
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6610278529.html,bat the threat of violence to the general public 与对公众产生暴力的威胁斗争
25.the true portrayal of what is happening around 是发生在周围事件的真实描绘
26.strict regulation严格控制
27.non-government sources 非政府渠道
28.unshakeable duty （工作上）无法逃避的责任
29.both financially and spiritually 经济上和精神上的
30.put forward a number of possible solutions 提出一些可行的解决方法
31.satellite towns 卫星城镇
32.preferential policies to promote the construction of high-rise apartment buildings 优惠政策推动高层公寓住房的修建
33.rapid depletion of social security fund and strained financial resources 社会保障资金的快速消耗和紧张的财政资源
34.be overly financially dependent 过度的经济依赖
35.physical inferiority 体力不支
36.pension fund 养老金
pension scheme 养老计划
37.to downsize government budget 缩减政府预算
38.shoulder the share of responsibility 承担共同的责任
39.be better off 情况更好
40.medical and educational service 医疗和教育服务
41.to give top priority 列为重点
42.a fair shake 一视同仁
43.low-hanging fruit 容易实现的目标
44.authorities 当局
45.regulate/ administer/ oversee (vt.) 规范，管理
46.implement 实施vt.
47.legislate（vi）/ make laws 立法
48.a democratic and progressive government 民主与开放的政府
49.strictly prohibit/ ban v 严禁
50.Stringent laws/ legislation 严格的法律
51.rules and regulations 规章制度
52.allocate money to sth/ subsidize (vt.)/ be a patron of / invest in/ finance(vt)/ fund(vt.)/ dedicate money to sth 为。。。拨款
53.tax revenue(n.) 税收
媒体类（media ）
1.couch potato 电视迷
2.screen time 荧屏时间
3.severe addiction 严重的迷恋be addicted to / be obsessed with / have obsession with
4.misbehavior 不正当举止、粗鲁的行为
5.long-lasting isolation 长时间的隔离
6.provide laughter and joy 提供欢笑
7.blur distinction between fantasy and reality 模糊幻想和现实
8.turn away from the real life 对现实生活不闻不问
9.be unwilling to engage in social activities 不愿参加社交活动
10.media violence 媒体暴力（如serial killers, gun battles, brutal fighting）
11.show vivid depiction of cheat and hatred 展示对欺骗和憎恨形象的描述
12.adolescent 青少年teenager /juvenile
13.sedentary lifestyle reduces healthy outdoor activities 久坐不起的生活方式减少了健康有益的户外活动
14.suffer from obesity and vertebral disease患上肥胖和脊椎疾病
15.to lead a more informed and entertaining life 过上更丰富、更有乐趣的生活
16.deviant behaviors 不正当的行为
17.be fueled by the widespread advertising 受大量广告的推动
18.cater to every particular taste 迎合每一种独特的口味（to 后加名词）
19.shopping spree 疯狂购物，购物狂潮
go out on a spree 外出狂欢一番
20.a channel to relieve the stresses and strains of modern life 释放现代生活压力和劳累的渠道
21.resist the allure of possessing the advertised products 抵抗购买广告产品的诱惑
22.stimulate purchasing impulses 刺激购买欲望
23.shapely models 形状、样式很好的产品
24.gain the attention of the public 获得大众的注意力
25.expose one’s privacy 曝光某人的隐私
26.become the laughingstock shared by all 成为所有人的笑柄
27.an immoral conduct of nosing into other’s privacy 查探他人隐私的不道德行为
工作生活类（work and life）
1.career plan 职业归化
2.career ladder 职业发展道路
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6610278529.html,pensation 薪酬待遇
4.job satisfaction工作满意度
5.promotion and raise 晋升与加薪
6.job hopping/ jumping ship 跳槽
7.branch into other areas 扩展到其他领域
8.interview technique 求职技巧
9.internal restructure 内部改组
10.hapless job-seeker 运气不好的求职者
11.the sprouting advertising billboards for recruitment agencies 出现了求职中介的广告牌
12.the exploding number of books and websites on work and work-related issues 大量关于工作和相关问题的书籍和网站
13.financial independence经济独立
14.balance work and life 平衡工作与生活
15.an important personal identity tag 一个重要的个人身份标识
16.bring personal fulfillment 带来个人成功
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6610278529.html,bour market 劳务市场
18.graduate job fair 应届升招聘会
19.being the vanguard of the DIY career-makers 自制职业规划的先锋
20.be highly stressed at work 工作压力非常大
21.a US-style workaholic culture 美式工作狂文化
22.a spell of unemployment 失业期
23.to freeze recruitment 停止招聘
24.advance the career with an advanced degree 靠更高的学历来提升工作
25.income/ pay gap 收入、薪水差距
全球化类(globalization)
1.globally 全球地world widely
2.international tourism 国际旅游
3.cultural exchange 文化交流
4.national identity 民族特色
5.multicultural 多文化的
6.diversity and inclusivity 多样性和包容性
7. a blend of 混合
8.cooperation and trade 合作和贸易
9.undermine 破坏、损害
10.cultural preservation 文化保护
quintessence 精粹
11.linguistically diverse 语言的多样化
12.distinct culture 独特的文化
13.misunderstanding and conflict 误解和冲突
14.taboo 社会禁忌
15.annoying and unpleasant 令人反感的与令人不愉快的
16.cultural gap 文化冲突
17.the vehicles to bridge the gap 缩小差距的渠道
18.build up an extensive resource 建立一个广泛的资源渠道
global issue 全球化的问题
19.cultural landscape 文化景观
20.the advocates of globalization全球化的提倡者
21.the reawakening of the local culture 本土文化的再度觉醒
22.free and open trade 自由、开放的贸易
23.an expansion of commercial relationship 开拓商业往来
24.behavior norms 行为规范
25.promote communication 促进交流
26.maintain the distinctiveness 保持独特性
犯罪类（crime and punishment）
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6610278529.html,w-abiding 守法的
2.defendant 被告
3.jury 陪审团
4.offender 违法者
5.victim，casualty 受害者
6.barrister 律师
7.judge 法官
witness 证人
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6610278529.html,mit a crime 犯罪break the law,law breaking, violate the law, against the law,
9.prosecute 起诉sb is prosecuted for sth charge sb with 指控某人犯有
10.appear in court 出庭
11.plead innocence 做无罪辩护
12.acquit 宣告… 无罪
13.apply for parole 申请保释
14.be sentenced to 10 years in prison 被判十年监禁
15.a guilty verdict 有罪宣判
16.retribution 无期徒刑
17.capital punishment 死刑
18.burglary 入室行窃
19.robbery 抢劫
20.shoplifting 商店行窃
21.vandalism故意破坏公物
22.murder 谋杀
23.hijack 劫持=highjack
24.terrorism 恐怖主义
25.pick-pocketing 扒窃
26.smuggling 走私
27.serious crime 严重犯罪
28.petty crime 轻微犯罪
29.embezzle 盗用，挪用（公款公物）
30.rehabilitation （罪犯的）改过自新rehabilitate 改造
31.罪犯: criminal, law offender, law breaker,law violator, villain, vermin, convict
32.守法:abide by the law, comply, compliance with the law, conform to the law, abidance by law, keep the law
33.滥用法律: abuse of law, stretch the law
34.监狱/关押:jail, prison, imprisonment, imprison, incarcerate, lock up
35.死刑: capital punishment, death penalty, death sentence
36.无期徒刑: life sentence, life prisonment, lifelong punishment
37.无辜的: innocent, harmless
38.威慑力: deterrent
39.逮捕: arrest, apprehend
40.武装抢劫: armed robbery ; .敲诈勒索: blackmail; .非法闯入: break-in;
窃听: bug; .伪造: counterfeit; 赌博: gamble; 纵火: arson .贩卖违禁品: bootlegging;
行贿受贿:bribery; 劫持: hijack; 虐待儿童: child abuse; 入室盗窃: burglary; .
逃税: tax evasion
41.集团犯罪:organized crime;
42. 强奸犯:rapist;
43. 扒手: pickpocket;
44..开明的: enlightened, 文明的: civilized, 仁慈的:humane lenient, merciful;
和谐的: harmonious 同情的的: sympathetic残忍的: cruel,brutal, merciless, inhumane, dispiteous
其他社会类
1.decline in fertility 生育能力的下降
2.interracial marriages 跨国婚姻
3.population ageing 人口老龄化
4.life expectancy 寿命
5.domestic conflict 家庭纷争
6.domestic violence 家庭暴力
7.domestic chores 家务
8.material comforts 物质享受
9.strengthen the family ties 强化家庭关系
10.money-oriented 拜金的
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6610278529.html,mit suicide 自杀的
12.stumbling block 绊脚石
13.rapid pace of life 生活的快节奏
14.stereotypical attitude 迂腐的态度
15.chronic and complex social problem 长期复杂的社会问题
16.root cause 根源
17.tightened job markets 紧张的就业市场
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6610278529.html,tch-key kids 被锁在家里的孩子
19.balance work and family 平衡工作和家庭
20.effective time management 有效的时间管理
21.in-between generation 上有老，下有小的一代人(sandwich generation)
22.job security工作稳定性
23.job hopper 跳槽的人
24.curriculum vitae 简历
25.gun control 枪支管理
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6610278529.html,w-abiding citizens 守法的公民
27.legal ownership of guns 合法拥有枪支
28.self-defense 自卫
29.filial piety 孝心
30.sexual harassment 性骚扰
31.sexual discrimination 性别歧视
32.feminism 女权主义
33.social status 社会地位
34.mutual benefits 共同的利益
35.unemployment rate 失业率
雅思饼图小作文的高频词汇表达 雅思小作文是雅思作文中很多考生认为相对比较轻松的一项，但是还有相当一部分考生在这方面得分不佳，主要是一些表达非常的不专业，在词汇选择上存在很大的问题，其实这个问题并不大，天道小编觉得掌握一些基本的雅思作文词汇表达可以解决这些问题。 由于雅思小作文饼图主要以比例说明和数字列举为主，我们需要在考前准备好以下模板： ① 动词“占”的表达： account for, hold, make up, take up, constitute, comprise, represent ② 百分比的表达 percentage，proportion, share, 某些情况下可以用rate，如literacy rate ③ 约数表达 the majority of, most of, a considerable number of, a minority of , just over…, slightly more than…/less than…, nearly half… 等 ④ 确切数字表达 分数与百分比的转化：one third, two fifths，one tenth 常见表达：a quarter, a half ⑤ 句式 要灵活运用以上的词汇结合一定的句子，变换表达方式。 例：亚洲人口占世界比例近50%。 — Asia accounts for almost a half of world population. — Nearly 50% of people in the world come from Asia. — The percentage of Asian in the world population is slightly less than a half. — Asia has the largest percentage of population in the world( approximately 50%). ⑥ 排序段 在列举饼图数据时，为了防止单调枯燥，我们常常运用排序的方式进行说明，所以下面的关于排序的模板也是大家需要记忆的：
附录二十大话题 教育类（education） https://www.doczj.com/doc/6610278529.html,pulsory education 义务教育 2. vocational education 职业教育 3. academic performance 学业表现 4. non-academic affairs 与学习无关的事情 5. puppy/ calf love 早恋 6. corporal punishment 体罚 7. tuition fee 学费 8. parents’ supervision 父母的监督 9. individual tutorship 个人辅导 10. turning point 转折点 11. the pursuit of knowledge 对知识的追求 12. maintain / disrupt classroom order 维护、扰乱课堂秩序 13. coeducational /single sex establishment 男女共校、单一性别学校 14. generation gap 代沟 15. indulge in 沉迷（表示“溺爱” 后面直接加宾语） 16. play truant 逃学 17. school shootings 校园枪击 18. broaden one’s horizons 开阔视野 19. the hardship and bitterness of life 生活的艰辛和苦难 20. appropriate advice and guidance 恰当的建议和指导 21. cultivate independence 培养独立性 22. a good habit of frugality 节约的好习惯 23. distinguish right from wrong 明辨是非 24. shoulder the responsibility of 肩负…… 的责任 25. be prone to do 容易做某事 26. go astray 误入歧途 27. violate social conventions and laws 违反社会习俗和法律 28. cast a shadow on one’s heart 在心中留下阴影 29. resist the temptation of 抵制……的诱惑 30. interpersonal skills 人际交往的技巧 31. peer pressure 同辈的压力 32. formative years 性格形成期 33. physically and emotionally immature 身心不成熟 34. a sense of superiority 优越感 35.socially adaptable 能适应社会的 36. adjust teaching methods 调整教学方法 37. exert a negative impact on 产生消极影响 38. juvenile crime=juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪juvenile delinquent 青少年犯罪者 39. a sense of belonging 归属感 40. qualified and experienced teachers 称职、有经验的老师 41. first class teaching facilities 一流的教学设施 42. education reform 教育改革 科技类（science and technology） 1.artificial intelligence 人工智能（artificial 人工的、人造的、非天然的） 2.side effects 副作用 3.technological revolution 科技革命
最近考试高频的十八个写作话题思路分析与素材汇总！只有7页，共18个话题，中英双语结合给出了关键思路和素材，给出了关键的高分词汇与表达！老是在考试时理不清思路、想不出素材的同学，看了一定会有帮助的！大家加油加油！ ----------------------------------------------我是分割线--------------------------------------------------- 一、跳槽的原因及解决办法 1、相关词汇： fierce competition heavy pressure job-hopping is looked upon to move upward quickly keep skill fresh and up to date acclimatize themselves to the rapidly changing society 2、原因： （1）社会压力大，人们的竞争意识增强，不断改变以适应社会的变化。 （2）处于个人发展的需要，寻求升职，更新知识。 （3）金钱的诱惑，不在乎在哪儿工作，做什么职业，只要挣钱多。 （4）家庭原因，spouse工作地点改变或孩子去其他地方上学。 3、解决方法： （1）要理性看待，一般来说，stability equals success。
（2）chronic job-hopper将被questioned integrity and loyalty ，not reliable。 （3）政府和mass media应该鼓励人们扎根一个地方，扎扎实实干事业，并且尽可能提高welfare，改善城市和community的环境，留住人才。 （4）公司应该提高工资待遇，给employee创造一个良好的工作环境，在保证企业利润的同时要考虑员工个人发展，增加培训，扩充员工的知识。 二、大学是否应该根据就业教授学生知识，大学的主要功能是什么 平衡写： 1、认为应该提供实际知识的： （1）大学生毕业就要找工作，因此要培养学生掌握future job的技能。 （2）有人甚至声称理论没用，不是每个大学生都要做科学家。 2、反对方： （1）It will definitely be shortsighted to…目光短浅理论知识非常重要，理论指导实践，大学的职责不仅是教会学生一门技术，更重要的是教授一种方法。 （2）不学理论只学实际知识，会使学生变成utilitarian，narrow-minded，lack of imagination，如果学生要学的只是生存的技能，那就去vocational school。 3、总结 总之，我认为大学的功能是versatile的，促进学生all-around development，培养学生具有creative mind in some special field，而不只是教授该领域的实际知识，可以通过一些part-time job来获得。 三、个人不能对环境保护做不了什么，同意不同意 This is just an excuse for the ignorance of environmental protection. 1、分析环境恶化原因是缺乏环保意识。 2、给出解决办法。 四、维持博物馆是否是浪费金钱？ 1、提出自己的观点（反对）。 政府应该spend a lot of money to enrich the collection of museums to cater for different tastes or needs of different people．有的人认为是浪费钱，我认为是很有必要的。 2、博物馆很重要（博物馆的作用）。 （1）illuminate the culture，history and arts of the world. 比如，世界上最大的British Museum provide visitors with all-round knowledge about the world culture and arts,collections in it trace the development of civilization throughout the history of mankind. Definitely a heartquake！ （2）shoulder the responsibility to preserve and carry forward a country‘s traditional culture. （3）serve as a significant mean of adolescent education,benefit both the present and future generation. 教育学生什么是美，purify their heart，也可以作为第二课堂，提供教学参考
雅思小作文常用词汇与短语 1. 表示“主语” 01) 图表本身： table、 line(bar/pie) chart(graph/diagram) 02) 数据形式： figures、statistics、information 、data 03) It 形式主语、 There be 句型 2. 表示“上升”和“下降” 01) rise (to) 02) increase (to) 03) go up (to) 04) an upward trend (in) 05) fall (to) 06) decline (to) 07) drop (to) 08) a downward trend (in) 09) with a rise/drop(etc.) of … 10) surge from …to …猛增 11) be on the rise 12) be in decline 13) down??(幅度)from...(高)to...(低) 14) up—(幅度)from...(低)to...(高) 15) rise/increase/drop(etc.) further from...to.../to... 16) a rise/drop(etc.) of + 百分数 /数字 = a 百分数 /数字 rise/drop(etc.) 17) rise/drop(etc.) + 数字/百分数/倍数 = rise/drop(etc.) + a record of + 数字/百分数 3. 表示“平稳” 01) remain stable (at) 02) stay constant (at) 03) maintain the same level (at) 04) remain around that figure 05) reach a plateau到达(上升后的)平稳期 06) no change (in)
附录：雅思写作必备词汇 一.同经济有关的词汇 extravagant 浪费的，奢侈的throw money into thin air 浪费钱 squander v. 浪费：If we squander our fossil fuels, we threaten civilization. lavish v. 浪费：lavish time and money on pets We have to economize on water during the dry season. dear，luxurious 豪华的，money-consuming 浪费钱的，precious，valuable destitute 贫穷的impoverished 贫穷的（名词形式为impoverishment）poverty-stricken 贫穷的poor needy 贫穷的，缺乏生活必需品的: They collected money to help the needy children. poverty line 贫穷线，贫困线 a lucrative investment profitable 赚钱的，盈利的wealthy be short of insufficient 不足的，不够的：The food is insufficient for our needs. lack n&vt缺乏，be lacking in：She is lacking in responsibility. run out of 用完scarcity n.缺乏，不足：The scarcity of food was caused by the drought. There is a shortage of oil in this country. asset n.资产 a tight budget 资金/预算紧张financial aid 经济资助financial/economic burden经济负担financial strain 资金紧张government revenue 政府税收foreign currency 外汇taxpayer 纳税人 有限的公共资金income 收入hard-earned money 辛苦挣来的钱 consumer goods 消费品consumption n. 消费(consume v.) expenditure n.花费，支出 beggar pauper=beggar homeless 无家可归的laid-off workers 下岗工人jobless 失业的；失业者 charity 慈善（形容词为charitable）healthcare 医疗保健starvation=hunger 饥饿famine 饥荒disease illiteracy 文盲（形容词为illiterate）welfare 福利shelter 庇护所nursing home/house 养老院miserable 痛苦的，悲惨的well-being福利subsidize=finance 资助，补助 二．同时间有关的词汇 squeeze time 挤时间wile away the time 消磨时间kill time 浪费时间 a waste of time and resource precious time-consuming 消耗时间的
在雅思写作的四大评分标准当中，连贯性与衔接性是其中的一项评分标准，连贯性与衔接性其中一方面就是用连接手段（即连接词）来实现的。连接词本身是非常繁琐的知识，在教授连接词时也会遇到很多困难，那么学连接词首先把连接词词性掌握并掌握各词性的用法，学连接词就简便得多。朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为，连接词大体可分为四种词性：连词，副词，介词和短语，它们各自的用法又不一样。 连词 如but, and,后接句子，连接并列句时前面逗号可有可无。当然连词也可放句首，这一点在考官范文里有很多体现。 例：In the past, populations were partly regulated by frequent war and widespread disease, but in recent years the effects of those factors have been diminished. (并列句中的连词) 段落开始：But how should it be achieved ( 连词放句首) 介词 如before, despite：后接名词或动名词 例：Before talking about the essential role of death penalty, you have to think about the meaning, and the purpose, of any kind of punishment. 副词 副词连接并列句，前面用句号或分号，后面用逗号（当然，如果副词前用句号，那就是另起一句了，不称之为并列句） 例：In many places today, children start primary school at around the age of six or seven. However, because it is more likely now that both parents work, there is little opportunities for children to stay in their own home up to that age.( 副词另起一句) The crime rate is increasingly high; therefore, the government needs to enforce more laws to curb this situation. ( 副词在并列句中) 短语 如on the contrary, in addition：用法和副词用法完全一样 例：They feel this is one area of life where they have the right to make decisions for themselves. For that reason, it would seem that the best approach would be work by persuasion rather than compulsion. The government plays a crucial role in scientific research; on the other hand, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research. ( 短语在并列句中) 掌握连接词的四大词性及用法以后，连接词的教学和运用就容易展开。我们可以参看考官范文，看看各类关系的时候考官如何使用连接词，使文章凸显出来。 因果关系 根据词性及用法可归结于: because / since/ as / for, so (连词), because of/ due to / owing to/ as a result of (介词) for that reason/as a result/ therefore/ accordingly (短语和副词) 例：I think the amount of waste produced is also as a result of our tendency to use sth once and throw it away. （可代替词汇because of/ due to / owing to）
雅思写作高频词汇分类汇总 1.advanced science 尖端科学 2.scientific invention 科学发明 3.exert a far-reaching impact on…对…产生一种深远的影响 4.double-edged sword 双刃剑 5.earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变 6.pay the way for the future development 为未来的发展铺平道路 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6610278529.html,y a solid foundation for…为…打下良好的基础 8.energy crisis 能源危机 9.depletion of resources 能源消耗 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6610278529.html,estone 里程碑 11.sophisticated equipment 尖端设备 12.technical innovation 科技创新 13.expediency 权宜之计 14.antithetical 与…背道而驰的 15.over-commercialized 过渡商业化的 16.a heated discussion 热烈的讨论 17.exhaust gas 废气 18.disastrous 灾难性的 19.overshadow 使…相形见绌 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6610278529.html,pared to/with…与…相比 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6610278529.html,her in 引领 22.speedy and comfortable 既快捷又舒适 23.opposite forces 负面影响 24.a fatal breakdown 致命故障 25.potential hazards 潜在危险 26.pose a threat to…对…有一种威胁 27.promote relative industries 促进相关产业发展 28.accelerate 加速… 29.means of transportation 交通方式 30.transportation tools 交通工具 31.social status 社会地位 32.environmentally-friendly resources 环保的能源 33.make people’s life easier 使人们生活更方便 34.alternative fuel 可替代燃料 35.sustainable development 可持续性发展 36.scientific exploration 科学探索 37.air travel 航空旅行 38.ridiculous 可笑的 39.absurd 荒唐的 40.substitute 取代
1 家长给小孩的教育parenting n. 2 学校对学生的教育schooling n. 3 培养cultivate vt. 4 意识awareness = sense = recognition n. 5 有创造力的creative / original adj. 6 身体的physical adj. 7 心理的psychological adj. 8 同龄人peer n. 9 动力motivation n. （形容词motivated, 有动力的） 10 适应... adapt to 提供…. afford sth. v. 11 纪律discipline n. 12 记忆memorise(英式拼写) vt. 13 获得acquire vt. （后面经常加knowledge / skills） 14 有趣的stimulating adj. （在教育类作文中经常可以替代 interesting） Media 15 形容词“无处不在的”prevalent adj. 经常可以代替everywhere 16 客观的objective adj. 17 不客观的biased adj. 18 名人celebrity n. 19 记者journalists n. 20 新闻界the press 21 报道coverage n. （动词是cover） 22 有误导性的misleading adj. 23 可靠的dependable adj. 24 非常及时的up-to-the-minute adj. sway vt. 25 媒体影响公众经常用sway后 面加宾语的表达 26 信息量大的informative adj. 27 娱乐性强的entertaining adj. Technology 28 改变transform vt. 代替change 29 突破breakthrough n. 30 发展advance v. & n. 31 惊人的速度 a staggering rate 32 信息爆炸information overload 33 提高，增强enhance = boost vt. 34 创新，发明innovations n. 35 远程通讯telecommunications n. 36 高生产率的（它的名词 productive adj. productivity生产率在科技类 话题也很常用）
雅思写作中常用英文连接单词的替换词 一、And 并列关系 (and)in addition // and // similarly // likewise moreover // too // not only ... but // even // besides this／that 二、Sequence 顺序(then) 出现的时候表示列举 first // initially // second etc. // to begin with // then // next // earlier／later // following this／that // afterwards 三、Consequence 结果（so） 前面是后面的结果// 也就是这些词后面就开始给出结论了 as a result // thus // so // therefore // consequently // it follows that // thereby // eventually // in that case // admittedly 四、Contrast 转折(but ) 表对前面论述的转折// 一般后面才是作者观点 however // on the other hand // despite// in spite of // though // although // but // on the contrary // otherwise // yet // instead of // rather // whereas // nonetheless // in contrast 五、Certainty 确定(of course) 强烈的确定// 后面是作者的坚定论点 obviously // certainly // plainly // of course // undoubtedly 六、Condition 条件/ 因为(if ) 后面跟随着某种情况发生的前提或者是条件。 if // unless // whether // provided that // Given that // for // so that // whether // depending on 七、Time 时间(when ) before // since // as // until // meanwhile// at the moment // when // whenever // as soon as // just as 八、Summary 总结(in a word) 作者的最后总结 in conclusion // in summary // lastly // finally // to sum up // to conclude // to recapitulate 重述// in short // in a word 九、Example 举例(for example) for example // for instance// just as // in particular // such as // namely 也就是 十、Reason 原因( because) since // as // so // because (of) // due to // owing to // the reason why // in other words // leads to // cause 雅思写作部分高频词汇、短语替换 ★高频形容词： 1.贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 2.富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off
1. 影响 To directly/profoundly/seriously affect sth 直接、深刻、严重影响 To exert/have/impose an ill/ a detrimental/ profound effect on…对产生很坏的、负面、深远的影响 Have far-reaching /long-lasting consequences 具有深远的影响 To mould the thoughts of the next generation 影响下一代的思想 To exercise a great influence on 对有重大影响力 To have tremendous hold on/over 对有重大的影响作用 To inflict a mischievous influence on sb 对某人产生有害的影响 The impact of new technology and methods on modern industry 新技术和新方法对现代工业的巨大影响 To shelter sth/sb against exposure to …保护。。。不受。。。的影响 Be exposed to 受到。。。的影响 Be detrimentally/adversely affected 受到不良影响 Be insusceptible to …不受。。。的影响，对。。。免疫 To smooth out the effect of 消除。。。的影响 2. 促进促使推动 动词：Promote, advance, boost, accelerate, facilitate, further, encourage, stimulate, drive, spur, impel, prod, foster，push …forward, carry…forward, give impetus to…) To promote friendship between nations To promote trading relations To advance the science of chemistry Such conducts are unlikely to advance your interests.这种行为对你的利益没有好处 To accelerate the economic growth of our country To accelerate world peace To facilitate trading relations It would accelerate matters if you were more co-operative. 如果你再合作一些事情就顺当多了）To further mutual understanding To further one’s education To further the reforms 深化改革 Advertisements boost sales To encourage exports 刺激、鼓励、促进出口 To prod the audience into thinking about the status quo. 促使观众思考现状 To impel sb to greater efforts Cash incentive is appealing in that it drives employees to work harder. (现金奖励/刺激很有吸引力因为能促使员工更努力工作) foster an interest 培养兴趣 foster a sense of responsibility
雅思小作文必备词汇 图表chart = graph = diagram 直线line 曲线curve 柱bar /column 饼pie 表table = figures = statistics the thin（细线） / thick（粗线） / broken（虚线） / dotted（点线） line 表明，表示，阐明show , give information about，reveal，indicate，demonstrate 直线图类词汇 (上升类动词)Increase------------ decrease (下降类动词) go up-------------- go down rise up-------------- fall down climb-----------------slide ascend --------------decline keep an upward tendency ----keep a downward tendency 波动动词类：fluctuate fluctuate upward / downward（波动向上/向下） 保持平稳类动词： keep / remain / maintain / stay unchanged / constant / stable（形容词，不变的） 修饰动词的副词： slightly 轻微地，slowly 缓慢地，gradually 逐渐地，steadily 稳定地，rapidly 迅速地，significantly 明显地，sharply 明显地，dramatically急剧地， 修饰名词的形容词： slight, slow, gradual, steady, rapid, moderate, significant, sharp, dramatic 大约，大概，左右类词汇：almost / approximately / around / roughly / more or less / nearly 时间from … to …/during the period/ between … and … / starting from ….
雅思写作必备词汇之社会类 1. benefit from从中受益 2. put forward valuable suggestions提出宝贵建议 3. play a major role in easing traffic 在缓解交通压力上扮演了重要角色 4. participate in the reconstructionof the city参与城市重建 5. raise the environmental management level提高环境管理水平 6. create a pleasant ecological environment创造出一种和谐的生态环境 7. give priority to优先关注 8. catch much attention引起很大关注 9. resource allocation资源配置 10. perfect the construction of urban infrastructure完善城市基础设施建设 11. reduce the number of vehicles减少车辆 12. water scarcity水短缺 13. the environmentalpollution环境污染 14. over-industrialization过度工业化 15. over-crowdedness过度拥挤
16. unemployment失业 17. wealth distribution财富分配 18. social instability社会动荡 19. urban construction城市建设 20. population explosion人口激增 21. a rising crime rate犯罪率上升 22. drain of energy and resources能源和资源消耗 23. offer more job opportunities提供更多的就业机会 24. a rapid pace of life快节奏生活 25. stress-related illnesses与压力有关的疾病 26. high cost of living高额生活费用 27. pastoral life田园生活 28. class polarization阶级两极分化 29. social welfare社会福利 30. give special care to …给予…特殊关照 31. urban sprawl城市扩张 32. convenient transportation means便捷的交通工具
雅思写作高频词汇分类汇总雅思写作高频词汇分类汇总：媒体类 媒体类一： 1. paparazzi 狗仔队 2. mass media 大众媒体 3. entertainment 娱乐 4. journalism 新闻业 5. journal 期刊 6. the latest news 最新消息 7. exclusive news 独家新闻 8. news agency 新闻社 9. news blockout 新闻封锁 10. news censorship 新闻审查 11. freedom of the press 新闻自由 12. coverage 新闻报道 13. do reportage on …报导… 14. hit the headlines 上头条 15. issue 出版、发行 16. newsstand 报摊 17. free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人 18. chief editor 总编 19. editorial 社论 20. newsworthy 值得报道的 21. barometer 晴雨表 22. the barometer of public opinion 舆论的晴雨表 23. live broadcast 直播 24. quiz show 智力竞争节目 25. game show 游戏节目 26. variety show 综合节目 27. talk show 脱口秀 28. sitcom 情景喜剧 29. soap opera 肥皂剧 30. movie star 电影明星 31. movie king 影帝 32. movie queen 影后 33. affair 绯闻 34. celebrity 名人 35. fame 名声 36. rise to fame 声名鹊起 37. fan 粉丝 38. invade one's privacy 侵扰了…的隐私 39. misleading 误导性的 40. cheating 欺骗性的 41. popularity 知名度 42. scandal 丑闻 43. sensational 轰动的 44. prevalent 普遍的、流行的 45. imperative 重要的、必要的 46. audience ratings 收视率 47. propaganda 宣传 48. be abducted by 受…诱导 49. purify one's soul 净化心灵 50. live in virtual would 生活在一个虚拟世界中 51. be a great comfort to somebody 对…来说是一个巨 大安慰 52. meet different tastes 满足不同口味 53. provide somebody with something 给…提供… 54. follow the fashion blindly 盲目追逐时尚 55. commit crimes 犯罪 56. be inconceivable to somebody 对…来说是难以想 象的 57. impressive 给人印象深刻的 58. right to know 知情权 59. in the disguise of …打着…的幌子 60. endanger social stability and safety 危害社会稳定 和安全 媒体类二（影视类） 1. information era 信息时代 2. keep one informed about something 使人们了解… 3. audience/viewers 观众 4. have unhealthy and harmful effects on…对…有不良 影响 5. information-explosion society 信息爆炸的社会 6. influential 有影响的 7. revolutionize the way we acquire information 彻底 改变了我们获取信息的方式 8. blessing 福 9. curse 祸 10. various thrilling programs 各种各样激动人心的节 目 11. poor-quality programs 低质量节目 12. ever-accelerated 不断发展的 13. exaggerate 夸张 14. enjoyable 令人享受的 15. fashionable 时尚的 - 1 -
雅思写作考试常用词汇(动词篇) 常用的动词： abide by/obey/observe 遵守 abolish 废除 abuse 虐待；滥用 accommodate 供给；调节 acquire 获取 adore 崇拜；爱慕 allocate 分配 alter 改变 appral to/attract 吸引 approach 对待；处理 approve of 赞成 arise 出现 arouse 激发 assume 承担（责任） attach 赋予；粘上 attain/obtain/acquire 获取；得到 attend 参加；就读 ban 禁止 blossom 兴旺发达 boom 繁荣 bring sb./sth.sintosfull play 充分调动……的积极性censor 审查 characterize 以……为特色 charge 收费 cherish 珍视 claim 宣称 coexist 共存 coincide with 与……相符 collect 收集 commute 来回往返于 condemn 谴责 consult 咨询 contaminate 污染 contribute to 贡献 crack down on 打击 cultivate 培养 defy 不服从；藐视 degenerate 退化 degrade 使降级 depreciate 贬值 deprive(of) 剥夺 desert 抛弃
detect 侦查 deter 阻止 deteriorate 恶化 determine 决定 disclose 揭露 discourage 使气馁 diversify 使多样化 divbert 使分心 dominate 占优势 drop out 退学；放弃 eliminate 消除 endanger 危害 enlighten 启发 enrich 丰富 entertain 招待；娱乐 evaluate 评价 evolve 演变 exaggerate 夸张 exert 施加（压力） expel 排除；开除 explore 探究 expose 揭露 give full play to 充分发挥 guarantee 保证；担保 hamper 妨碍；牵制 hinder/impede/block/hamper 阻碍 idealize 理想化 identify 辨认 ignore 无视；不理睬 imitate 模仿 impair 危害；伤害 impose/confine/place restrictions on/restrict/limit 限制incur 招致；引发 inflict 使……承受 inherit 继承 innovate 改革创新 invent money in 投资 install/set up/erect/fix/mount 安装 lavish 浪费 maltreat 虐待 maximize 化 minimize 使最小化 mould/build 塑造 neglect 忽视