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英语语法大全之冠词和数词

英语语法大全之冠词和数词

冠词和数词

数词

不定冠词的用法

定冠词的用法

冠词与形容词+名词结构

冠词位置

零冠词的用法

1 数词

表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。

一、序数词

序数词的缩写形式:first---1st second---2nd thirty-first---31st

二、基数词

1)基数词写法和读法:345three hundred and forty-five;

2)基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数:

a. 与of 短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连用,如scores of people 指许多人;

b.在一些表示"一排"或"一组"的词组里;

如:They arrived in twos and threes.他们三三两两的到达了。

c. 表示"几十岁";

d. 表示"年代",用in +the +数词复数;

e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如:3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.

三、数词的用法

1)倍数表示法

a. 主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. + as

I have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。

b. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size (amount,length…) of…

The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。

c. 还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍

The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.

今年粮食产量增加了4倍。

d. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than…

The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.

今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。

2)分数表示法

构成:基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母。分子大于1时,分子的序数词用单数,分母序数词用复数:

1/3 one-third ;3/37 three and three-sevenths.

2 不定冠词的用法

冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the Definite Article),另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article),还有一种是零冠词(Zero Article)。

不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源,是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前,一般读作[e],而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做[en]。

1) 代表一类人或物。

A knife is a tool for cutting with.

Mr. Smith is an engineer.

2) 词组或成语。

a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden

3) 表示"一个",意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。

A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.

3 定冠词的用法

定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有"那(这)个"的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。

1) 用在惯用语中:

in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening),the day after tomorrow

the day before yesterday,the next morning,

in the sky (water,field,country)

in the dark,in the rain,in the distance,

in the middle (of),in the end,

on the whole,by the way,go to the theatre

2)上文提到过的人或事:

He bought a house.I've been to the house.

他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。

3)指世上独一物二的事物:

the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth

4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元;

the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面:Where do you live?I live on the second floor.你住在哪?我住在二层。

That's the very thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的东西。

6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:

They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)

They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)

7)特指双方都明白的人或物:

Take the medicine.把药吃了。

8)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:

She caught me by the arm..她抓住了我的手臂。

9)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:

the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国

the United States美国

10)用在表示乐器的名词之前:She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。

11) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:

the Greens格林一家人(或格林夫妇)

4 冠词与形容词+名词结构

1) 如后一个形容词无冠词,则指一物。

He raises a black and white cat.他养了一只花猫。

2) 两个形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同东西。

He raises a black and a white cat.他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。

The black and the white cats are hers.这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。

5 冠词位置

1) 不定冠词位置

不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意:

a. 位于下列形容词之后:such,what,many,half,

I have never seen such an animal.

Many a man is fit for the job.

b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后:

It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.

So short a time.

Too long a distance.

c. quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。

但当rather,quite 前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可。如:quite a lot

d. 在as,though 引导的让步状语从句中,当标语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放形容词后:

Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。

当名词被比较级形容词修饰时,不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。

2) 定冠词位置

定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all,both,double,half,twice,three times 等词之后,名词之前。

All the students in the class went out.班里的所有学生都出去了。

3 零冠词的用法

1)不用冠词的序数词;

a. 序数词前有物主代词

b. 序数词作副词He came first in the race.

c. 在固定词组中at (the) first,first of all,from first to last

2)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;

Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。

3)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词;

Man cannot live without water.人离开水就无法生存。

4)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;

We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课。

5)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词;

The guards took the American to General Lee.

士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。

6)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词如:have breakfast,play chess 7)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;

I can't write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。

8)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;by bus,by train;9) 国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary;

10)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词;They are teachers. 他们是教师。

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初中英语语法之二冠词和数词 2.1 不定冠词的用法 冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the Definite Article),另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article),还有一种是零冠词(Zero Article)。 不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源,是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前,一般读作[e],而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做[en]。 1) 表示"一个",意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。 A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 2) 代表一类人或物。 A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer. 3) 词组或成语。 a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden 2.2 定冠词的用法 定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有"那(这)个"的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。 1)特指双方都明白的人或物: Take the medicine.把药吃了。 2)上文提到过的人或事: He bought a house.I've been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。 3)指世上独一物二的事物: the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth 4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。 5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only, very, same等前面: Where do you live?I live on the second floor.你住在哪?我住在二层。 That's the very thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的东西。 6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体: They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师) They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师) 7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前: She caught me by the arm..她抓住了我的手臂。 8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前: the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国 the United States美国 9)用在表示乐器的名词之前: She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。 10) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人: the Greens格林一家人 (或格林夫妇) 11) 用在惯用语中: in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening),the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday,the next morning, in the sky (water,field,country) in the dark,in the rain,in the distance,

英语语法冠词专题

使用定冠词的场合 1.用在表示独一无二或被认为唯一东西的名词前。(如果这类名词前边有形容词修饰,表示阴 晴雨雪等不同的状貌,则可用不定冠词。) 2.用在第二次提到的人或物的名词前。 3.某些表示自然界事物(山脉、潮汐、大海、风、雨、雪、田野等)的名词,即使是泛指, 也要用定冠词。 4.用在与先前提及事物存在关联的名词前。 5.用在表示特指(即交谈双方彼此熟知或心照不宣)的人或物的名词(一般为单复数形式的 个体名词)前。 6.用在由后置定语(如短语或从句)修饰的(专用)名词前。 7.用在形容词/副词最高级或序数词前。(部分短语或习语例外,使用零冠词;如 first cousins, be second to, do sth. first thing, at first glance, on second thoughts, first lady, first secretary 和 first prize 等。) 8.当 only, main, sole, same, following, last, next, opposite, present, usual, wrong, ultimate, right, principle 等修饰名词时,前面用定冠词。(only son, only daughter, only child 前可用不定冠词,其他此类形容词前偶尔也可用不定冠词。) 9.“定冠词 + 单数名词”结构表示类属(即表示一类人或物)。英语中表示类属可有三种方 式:①不定冠词 + 单数名词;②定冠词 + 单数名词;③复数名词。但它们的意义有所不同,不定冠词:列举实例(相当于 every/each,“以一概全”);定冠词:对比类别;复数名词:概括全体(相当于 all)。 10.“定冠词 + 复数名词”结构表示某类人的总称,或集体中的任何一个或多于一个(亦可泛 指时日)。 11.“定冠词 + 形容词/动名词/过去分词/名词”结构表示同一类人或物,或某种抽象概念(如 性质、品质等)。其中,“定冠词 + 形容词”结构还可以表示“部分”概念。【参见附录1.1】 12.“定冠词 + 姓氏复数”结构表示“一家人”的概念。 13.定冠词和部分名词连用表示民族、阶级或阶层等。(如 the Chinese, the bourgeoisie, the intellectuals, the upper class 等。) 14.“定冠词 + 普通名词 + of + 抽象名词”结构表示比喻含义。 15.用在人名(可以是名人或普通人)等专有名词前,表示鉴别意义(该人名前往往有普通名 词或形容词等修饰性成分,表示其特征、性质或某种感情等),或直接用在(交谈双方共指且作同一理解的)名人的姓名前(中间修饰成分可有可无),起到强调作用。 16.用在乐器名词前。 17.用在表示计量单位的名词前,表示“每一”,往往具有 every, each 或 per 的含义。(也 可用不定冠词。) 18.用在表示方向或方位的名词前。(某些“方位名词 + 介词”结构例外,如 north by east, from east to west 等。)(参考“使用零冠词的场合”的第 20 条。) 19.如果方位名词大写,表示某一国家或世界的某一部分时,前面用定冠词。(参考建议同第 17 条。) 20.在 suburbs(郊区)和 countryside(农村)之前用定冠词。 21.用在表示江、河、海、洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾、报刊、杂志、书籍、会议、条约、 信仰、学校、星座、飞机、船舶、舰队、铁路、三军、建筑物、都市、宗教事物、历史朝代等的名词前。【参见附录1.2】 22.中国的湖泊名词前常用定冠词。(一般而言,含有Lake, Mount, Cape 等表示湖泊、独山 和孤岛的名词前均不用定冠词,使用零冠词。)(Ref.P6<②>,实例总结)

数词和冠词练习题

冠词和数词 2.1 不定冠词的用法 冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the Definite Article),另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article),还有一种是零冠词(Zero Article)。 不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源,是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前,一般读作[e],而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做[en]。 1) 表示"一个",意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。 A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 2) 代表一类人或物。 A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer. 3) 词组或成语。 a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden 2.2 定冠词的用法 定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有"那(这)个"的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。 1)特指双方都明白的人或物: Take the medicine.把药吃了。 2)上文提到过的人或事: He bought a house.I've been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。 3)指世上独一物二的事物: the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth 4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。 5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only, very, same等前面: Where do you live?I live on the second floor.你住在哪?我住在二层。 That's the very thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的东西。 6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体: They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师) They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师) 7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前: She caught me by the arm..她抓住了我的手臂。 8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前: the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国 the United States美国 9)用在表示乐器的名词之前: She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。 10) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人: the Greens格林一家人 (或格林夫妇) 11) 用在惯用语中: in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening),the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday,the next morning, in the sky (water,field,country) in the dark,in the rain,in the distance, in the middle (of),in the end, on the whole,by the way,go to the theatre 2.3 零冠词的用法 1) 国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary; 2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词; They are teachers. 他们是教师。

初中英语语法练习-名词与冠词

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高中英语语法-冠词和数词

冠词和数词【Articles and Numerals】 冠词是虚词,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。本身不能单独使用,在句中不重读。冠词可以分为定冠词【the Definite Article】和不定冠词【the Indefinite Article】。 2.1不定冠词的用法【Usage of the Indefinite Articles】 不定冠词a(an)与数词one同源,是一个的意思。a用于辅音音素前,而an则用于元音音 词组或成语固定搭配【Word Phrases and Expressions】: a little, a few, a lot, a type of, a pile, a great many, many a, as a rule, in a hurry, in a minute, in a word, in a short while, after a while, have a cold, have a try, keep an eye on, all of a sudden 2.2定冠词的用法【Usage of the Definite Article】 定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有那(这)个的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。

用在惯用语中【Useful Expressions】: in the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening),the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday,the next morning, in the sky (water,field,country), in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of), in the end, in the whole,by the way,go to the theatre

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初中英语语法知识—冠词的全集汇编及答案解析(2)

一、选择题 1.---Look! Who’s girl under the tree? ---Oh, she is my sister, Kate. She is honest girl. A.the; an B.a: the C.the; a D.an; the 2.--Why not take umbrella? It is raining. --What good advice! A.a ; an B.an ; a C.an ; / 3.Zhang Miman, 82, ______ professor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was given ______ 2018 L’Oreal-UNESCO for Women in Science award on March 22. A.a; the B.a; an C.the; a D.the; the 4.The lyrics(歌词)“If you care enough for ____ living, make it ___ better place for you and for me.” in the song Healing the World really touches me. A.the, a B.a, the C.the, the D.a, a 5.Kevin is a soccer fan and he plays ________ soccer quite well. A.a B.the C./ 6.There is ________ “o” and ______ “n” in the expression “positive energy”. A.an; a B.an; an C.an; the D.the; a 7.Lily is _____ shy girl, but she’s good at playing _____ guitar. A.an, the B.a, the C.a, / D.an, / 8.Don’t worry! The government will look after ________ homeless in freezing days. A.a B.an C.the D./ 9.—Can you remember when Mr. Brown left ________ city? —Sorry . I can’t. I only remember it was ________ Thursday. A.a, a B.the, the C.a. the D.the, a 10.____ Sunday morning, I played ____ badminton . A.In, the B.On, the C.On, / D.In, / 11.I want to have ________ English pen pal. A.a B.the C.an D./ 12.— What do you often do after class? — We often take part in after-class activities. I like to play _______ basketball, but my brother likes to play________ guitar. A.a; the B.the; the C.不填; 不填D.不填; the 13.—What _______ cold weather! —Yes. But it's ______ unusual experience for us who always live in a hot place. A.an;an B./;a C./;an D.a;an 14.---Kate, are you only child in your family? ---Yes, but new baby is on the way. A.a; the B.an; the C.the; a D.the; the

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