Ｐｅｄｏｚｐｈｃｒｅ１７（５）：６３９＿６４５，２００７
ＩＳＳＮ１００２－０１６０／ＣＮ３２－１３１５／Ｐ
ＰＥＤＯＳＰＨＥＲＥ＠２００７ＳｏｉｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅＳｏｃｉｅｔｙｏｆＣｈｉｎａ
ＰｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｂｙＥｌｓｅｖｉｅｒＬｉｍｉｔｅｄａｎｄＳｃｉｅｎｃｅＰｒｅｓｓ
ＡｍｍｏｎｉａＶｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＮｉｔｒｏｇｅｎＵｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎＥｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙ
ｉｎＲｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｔｏＵｒｅａＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎＲｉｃｅＦｉｅｌｄｓｏｆｔｈｅ
ＴａｉｈｕＬａｋｅＲｅｇｉｏｎ，Ｃｈｉｎａ＋１
ＬＩＮＤｅ＿Ⅺ１，３，１，ＦＡＮＸｉａｏ－Ｈｕｉｌ，２，“，ＨＵＦｂｎ９３，ＺＨＡＯＨｏｎｇ－Ｔａ０１ａｎｄＬＵＯＪｉａ－Ｆａｓ
１Ｉｒ＂ｔｉｔｕｔｓ吖Ｓｏｉｌｓｃ｛ｅｎｃｅ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｎａｎｆｉｎｇ２１０００８（Ｃｈｉｎ一，Ｅ－ｍａｄ：ｄｅｘｉｌｉｎ２０００＠ｙａｈｏｏ．ｏｏｍ．ｃｎ２Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ可ＳｏｌｌａｎｄＷａｔｅｒＳｃｉｅｎＣｅ，ＴｒｏｐｉｃａｌＲｅｓｃａｒｃｈａｎｄＥｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎＣｅｎｔｅｒ，Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｓｏ，ＦｏｏｄａｎｄＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ可Ｆｌｏｒｉｄａ，Ｈｏｍｅｓｔｅａｄ，ＦＬ８３０３１（ＵＳＡ）
３Ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅｏ／胁ｏ“７钟ａｎｄＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＮａｎｆｉｎｇＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｔＮａｎｊｉｎｇ２１００９５（Ｃｈｉｎ耐
４Ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅｏ／ＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅａｎｄＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｅｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＦｕｆｉａｎＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ＆ＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ．Ｆｕｚｈｏｕ３５０００７（Ｃｈｉｎ甜
５ＬａｎｄａｎｄＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＭａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔＧｒｏｕｐ，ＡｇＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈ，ＲｕａｋｕｒａＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｒｅｒＰｒｉｖａｔｅＢａｇ３１２３，ＨａｍｉｌｔｏｎｉＮｅ研Ｚｅａｌａｎ引
（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＦｅｂｒｕａｒｙ６．２００７；ｌｅｖｉｓｅｄＭａｙ１２，２００７）
ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴ
Ａｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｌｏｓｓｅｓ，ｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｅｔＢｃｉｅｎｃｙ，ａｎｄｒｉｃｅｙｉｅｌｄｓｉｎｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｔｏｕｒｅａａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｔｏａｒｉｃｅｆｉｅｌｄｗｅｒｅｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｄｉｎＷａｎｇｚｈｕａｎｇＴｏｗｎ，ＣｈａｎｇｓｈｕＣｉｔｙ，ＪｉａｎｇｓｕＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ，Ｃｈｉｎａ．ＴｈｅＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓ，ａｐｐｌｉｅｄｉｎｔｎｐｌｉｃａｔｅ，ｗｅｌ｜．ｅ０（ｃｏｎｔｒ０１），１００，２００．３００，ｏｒ３５０ｋｇＮｈａ～Ａｆｔｅｒｕｒ％ｗ私ａｐｐｆｉｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｓｕｒｆａｃｅｗａｔｅｒ，ａｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓａｉｒｆｌｏｗｅｎｃｌｏｓｕｒｅｍｅｔｈｏｄｗ鹅ｕｓｅｄｔｏＲｌｅａｓｕｒｅａｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｐａｄｄｙｆｉｅｌｄ．ＴｏｔａｌＮｌｏｓｓｅｓｔｈｒｏｕｇｈａｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅＮａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅ，ａｎｄｔｈｅｔｗｏｈｉｇｈｅｒＮａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅｓ【３００ａｎｄ３５０ｋｇＮｈａ一１１ｓｈｏｗｅｄａｈｌｇｈｅｒｒａｔｉｏｏｆＮｌｏｓｔｔｈｒｏｕｇｈａｘｎｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｔｏａｐｐｌｉｅｄＮ．Ｔｏｔａｌａｍｍｏｎｉａｌ∞日ｂｙａ］２１１ｎｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｅｎｔｉｒｅｒｉｃｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｓｔａｇｅｒａｎｇｅｄｆｒｏｍ９．Ｏ％ｔｏ１６．７％ｏｆｔｈｅａｐｐｌｉｅｄＮＩｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｔｈｅａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅｄｔｈｅｒａｔｉｏｏｆＮｉｎｔｈｅｓｅｅｄｔｏＮｉｎｔｈｅｐｌａｎｔＦｏｒａｌｌＮｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓ，ｔｈｅｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｆｅｒｔｉｌｌｚｅｒｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ
ｆｒｏｍ３００％ｔｏ４５．９％．ＳｕｒｐｌｕｓＮｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｅｓｔＮｒａｔｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｅｄｉｎｌｏｄｇｉｎｇｏｆｒｉｃｅｐｌａｎｔｓ，ａｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅｄｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｒａｎｇｅｄ
ｒａｔｅｏｆｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ，ａｎｄｒｅｄｕｃｅｄｒｉｃｅｙｉｅｌｄｓ．Ｃａｌｃｕｉａｔｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｉｓｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ，ｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｅｃｏｎｏｎｆｉｃａｌＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅｗａｓ２２７ｌ【ｇｈａ～ｆｏｒｔｈｅｔｙｐｅｏｆｐａｄｄｙｓｏｉｌｉｎｔｈｅＴａｉｈｕＬａｋｅｒｅｇｉｏｎ．Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ，ｒｅｃｏｍｍｅｎｄｉｎｇａｎａｐｐｒｏｐｒｉａｔｅＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅｓｕｃｈｔｈａｔｔｈｅｐｌａｎｔｇｒｏｗｔｈｉｓｅｎｈａｎｃｅｄａｎｄａｍｍｏｎｉａｌｏｓｓｉｓｒｅｄｕｃｅｄｃｏｕｌｄｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｔｈｅＮｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｏｆｒｉｃｅ．
ＫｅｙＷｏｒｄｓ：ａｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ，Ｎａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅ，Ｎｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙ，ｐａｄｄｙｓｏｉｌ，ｒｉｃｅｙｉｅｌｄ
ＴａｎｄＬｕｏ，ＪＦ．２００７．ＡｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎＣｉｔａｔｉｏｎ：Ｌｉａ，ＤＸ．ｒＦａｎ，Ｘ．Ｈ．，Ｈｕ，Ｆ．，Ｚｈａｏ，Ｈ
ｔｈｅＴａｉｈｕＬａｋｅｒｅｇｉｏｎ，Ｃｈｉｎａ．Ｐｅｄｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ１７（５）：６３９－６４５
ｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｉｎｒｅ８ｐｏｒｍｅｔｏｎｒｅａａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎｒｉｃｅｆｉｅｌｄｓｏｆ
Ｃｈｉｎａ．ａｃｃｏｕｎｔｉｎｇｆｏｒａｂｏｕｔ３１％ｏｆｔｈｅｇｌｏｂａｌｒｉｃｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｉｎ２００２．ｉｓｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ’ｓｐｒｉｍａｒｙｒｉｃｅ－ｐｒｏｄｕｃｉｎｇｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ（ＦＡＯ，２００３）．ＴｈｅｈｉｇｈｙｉｅｌｄｓｏｆｒｉｃｅｉｎＣｈｉｎａａｒｅａｃｈｉｅｖｅｄｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｈｉｇｈＮａｐｐｈｃａｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅｓ．Ｉｎｃａｓｅｏｆｒｉｃｅｃｕｌｔｉｖａｔｉｏｎ，ｉｎｔｈｅ７ｎｄｈｕｒｅｇｉｏｎ．ａｎｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃａｌｌｙｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄａｒｅａｏｆＣｈｉｎａ，ａｎａｖｅｒａｇｅｏｆ３００虹ｈａ一１ｏｆＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒ，Ｓｏｌｖｅｒｅａｃｈｉｎｇ３５０ｋｇｌｌａ～，ｉｓａｐｐｌｉｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｐａｄｄｙｓｏｆｔ．ＴｏｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｒｉｃｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｉｎＣｈｉｎａ．１ｌｒｅａｉｓｔｈｅｍａｉｎＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒａｐｐｈｅｄｉｎｆｉｅｌｄｓｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄｂｙａｍｍｏｎｉｕｍｃａｒｂｏｎａｔｅ．ｗｉｔｈｏｔｈｅｒｆｏｒｍｓｏｆＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｓｂｅｉｎｇｓｅｌｄｏｍａｐｐｌｉｅｄ（ＣａｉａｎｄＦａｎ，１９９８）．Ａｐｐｌｙｉｎｇｓｕｃｈ１ａｒｇｅｑｕａｎｔｉｔｉｅｓｏｆｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｌｚｅｒｔｏｐａｄｄｙｓｏｉｌｈａｓｒｅｓｕｌｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅｏｆＮｕｔｉｌｌｚａｔｉｏｎｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙａｎｄｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｏｆｅｎｖｉｒｏｍｎｅｎｔａｌｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎ（Ｃｕｉｅｔａ１．，２０００）．ＮｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｌｏｓｓｔｈｒｏｕｇｈａｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｓａｖｅｒｙｌａｒｇｅｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｌｚｅｒｌｏｓｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｒｉｃｅｆｉｅｌｄｓｏｉｌｓｙｓｔｅｍ．Ｍａｎｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｈａｖｅｓｈｏｗｎｔｈａｔｉｎｒｉｃｅｆｉｅｌｄｓ，ａｆｆｌｌｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｌｚａｔｉｏｎｌｏｓｓｅｓａｃｃｏｕｎｔｆｏｒ１０％＿６０％“ＰｒｏｊｅｃｔｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＫｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅＩｎｎｏｖａｔｉｏｎＰｒｏｇｒａｍｏｆＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ（Ｎｏ．ＫＺＣＸ２－４１３－３），ｔｈｅＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＮａｔｕｒａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅＦｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆＣｈｉｎａ（Ｎｏ．３０３９００８０）．ａｎｄｔｈｅＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＢａｓｉｃＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＰｒｏｇｒａｍｏｆＣｈｉｎａ（Ｎｏ２００５ＣＢｌ２１１０８）．
“Ｃｏｒｒｅａｐｏｎｄｉｎｇａｕｔｈｏｒ．Ｅ－ｎｍｉｌ：ｘｌｆｆａｎ＠ｉＳｓａ＃．ａｃ．ｃｎ．
６４０Ｄ．Ｘ．ＬＩＮ甜札
ｏｆｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒａｐｐｆｉｅｄ（ＦｉｌｌｅｒｙａｎｄＤｅＤａｔｔａ，１９８６；ＣａｉａｎｄＺｈｕ，１９９５；Ｓｏｎｇｅｔａｌ，，２００４）．Ｉｎ１９９０．ｔｈｅｇｌｏｂａｌａｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｌｏｓｓｗａｓａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｅｌｙ５４ＴｇＮｙｅａｒ一１ａｓＮＨａ－Ｎ．ｏｆｗｈｉｃｈｔｈｅｌｏｓｓｏｆ９ＴｇＮｙｅａｒ一１ｏｆＮＨ３－ＮｗａｓｆｒｏｍａｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｆＯｌｉｖｅｒｅｔａ１．．１９９８）．ＦｏｒｔｈｅａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｏｆＣｈｉｎｎｉｎ１９９０．ＮＨ３－ＮｒｅｌｅａｓｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔⅫａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｅｌｙ１．８０Ｔｇ，ａｃｃｏｕｎｔｉｎｇｆｏｒ１１％ｏｆｔｈｅｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒａｐｐｌｉｅｄ（ＸｉｎｇａｎｄＺｈｕ，
２０００）．Ｏｎｌｙ５ｙｅａｒｓｌａｔｅｒ，ｔｈｉｓｒｅｌｅａｓｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｔｏａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｅｌｙ２．７１ＴｇＮ．ⅪｎｇａｎｄＺｈｕ（２０００）ｆｏｕｎｄｔｈａｔａｍｍｏｕｌａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｆｒｏｍＰａｄｄｙｓｏｆｔ（１８％）ｉｓｎｉｇｈｅｒｔｈａｎｔｈａｔｆｒｏｍｕｐｌａｎｄｓｏｉｌ（９％）．Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ．ｔｏｒｅｄｕｃｅｔｈｅａｄｖｅｒｓｅｅ往ｅｃｔｏｆｆｅｒｔｌｉｉｚｅｒａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｎｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒ０１）ｘｎｅｕｔ．ｓｔｕｄｙｉｎｇｔｈｅｆａｃｔｏｒｓａｆｆｅｃｔｉｎｇａ／２１ＵｌＯｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｈｚａｔｉｏｎｆｒｏｍｐａｄｄｙｓｏｉｌａｎｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇｒｅａｓｏｎａｂｌｅｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅｓａｒｅｏｆｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｂｌｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅ．
Ｔｈｅｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅｓｏｆｔｈｉｓｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｗｅｒｅｔｏｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅａｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｌｏ船．ｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙ，ａｎｄｒｉｃｅｙｉｅｌｄｓｉｎｆｉｅｌｄｓａｔｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｌｅｖｅｌｓｏｆＮａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ，ａｎｄｔｏｒｅｃｏｍｍｅｎｄａｎｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｉｙａｎｄｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃａｌｌｙｖｉａｂｌｅＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｒａｔｅｆｏｒａｃｈｉｅｖｉｎｇｎｉｇｈｅｒｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｉｎｔｈｅＴ缸ｈｕｒｅｇｉｏｎ．
ＭＡＴＥＲＩＡＬＳＡＮＤＭＥＴＨＯＤＳ
Ｓｔｕｄｙｓｉｔｅ
Ｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｗ∞ｃａｒｒｉｅｄｏｕｔｉｎ２００３ｏｎａｒｉｃｅｆｉｅｌｄａｔｔｈｅＢｅｉｘｉｎｑｉａｏＦａｒｍ．Ｃｈａｎｇｓｈｕ．ｉｎｔｈｅＴａｉｈｕＬａｋｅｒｅｇｉｏｎｏｆＣｈｉｎａ，ＴｈｅｓｏｉｌｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｅｌｄｗａｓａｐａｄｄｙｓｏｉｌｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｅｄａｓａＨｙｄｒａｇｒｉｃＡｎｔｎｉ＇ｏｓｏｌ（ＳｏｉｌＳｕｒｖｅｙＳｔａｆｆ，１９９６），Ｔｈｅｓｕｒｆａｃｅｌａｙｅｒｏｆｔｈｅｓｏｉｌ（０－２０ｃｍ）ｈａｄａｐＨｏｆ５．３９（ｓｏｉｌ：ｗａｔｅｒ，１：２．５），ａｎｏｒｇａｎｉｃｍａｔｔｅｒｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｏｆ２４．６ｇｋｇ～，ａｔｏｔａｌＮｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｏｆ１．６４ｇｋｇ～，ａｎａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅＰ（Ｏｌｓｅｎｔｅｓｔ）ｏｆ５．３５ｍｇｋｇ～．ａｎｄｎａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅＫｏｆ７６．５ｍｇｋｇ一．
Ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｄｅｓｉｇｎａｎｄｐｒｏｃｅｄｕｒｅｓ
Ａｒａｎｄｏｍｉｚｅｄｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅｂｌｏｃｋｄｅｓｉｇｎｗｉｔｈｆｉｖｅｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓａｎｄｔｈｒｅｅｒｅｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｗａｓｅｓ－ｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｉｎｐｌｏｔｓｏｆａｂｏｕｔ３０ｍ２．ＴｈｅｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｅｄｏｆａｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｆＣＫｗｉｔｈｎｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌＮａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ）ａｎｄｆｏｕｒｒａｔｅｓｏｆＮａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ：１００（Ｎ１），２００（ＮＺ），３００（Ｎ３），ａｎｄ３５０（Ｎ４）蚝Ｎｈａ一．ＴｈｅＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒａｐｐｌｉｅｄｗａｓｕｒｅａｆ４６％Ｎｃｏｎｔｅｎｔ）．ＯｆｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌＮａｐｐｌｉｅｄ．５０％ｗａｓａｐｐｌｉｅｄ粥ｂａｓａｌｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒａｎｄ５０％鹪ｔｏｐ－ｄｒｅｓｓｉｎｇ．
ＲｉｃｅｓｅｅｄｌｉｎｇｓｗｅｒｅｔｒａｎｓｐｌａｎｔｅｄｉｎＪｕｎｅ２２，２００３，ａｎｄｕｒｅａｉｎｔｈｅｆｏｒｍｏｆｐｅｌｌｅｔｓｗａｓｓｕｒｆａｃｅｂｒｏａ－ｄｃａｓｔｕｎｉｆｏｒｍｌｙｂｙｈａｎｄｉｎｅａｃｈｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｐｌｏｔ．Ｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｏｆｔｈｅｔｗｏｔｏｐ－ｄｒｅｓｓｉｎｇｓ（３０％）ｗａｓｐｅｒｆｏｒｍｅｄａｔｔｈｅｔｉｌｉｅｒｉｎｇｓｔａｇｅｉｎＪｕｌｙ２００３ａｎｄｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｗａｓａｔｔｈｅｈｅａｄｉｎｇｓｔａｇｅ（２０％）ｉｎＡｕｇｕｓｔ２００３．
ＭｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔｓａｎｄｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉＯｎ￥
Ａｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｗａｓｍｅａｓｕｒｅｄｗｉｔｈａｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓａｉｒｆｉｏｗｅｎｃｌｏｓｕｒｅｍｅｔｈｏｄｕｓｉｎｇａｃｈａｍｂｅｒｉｎｅａｃｈｐｌｏｔ．ＴｈｅｖｏｌｕｍｅｏｆｔｈｅＮＨｓｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｈｅａｄｓｐａｃｅ（２００ｍｍｉｎｄｉａｍｅｔｅｒ）ｃｏｕｌｄｂｅａｄｊｕｓｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｃｈａｍｂｅｒｄｅｐｔｈｗｈｅｒｅｔｈｅｃｈａｍｂｅｒｆｒａｎｌｅｗａｓｉｎｓｅｒｔｅｄｉｎｔｏｓｏｉｌ．Ｔｈｅａｉｒｅｘｃｈａｎｇｅｒａｔｅ，ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｅｄｂｙａｐｍｉｌｐ．ｗａｓｓｅｔｔｏ１５＿２０ｃｈａｍｂｅｒｖｏｌｕｍｅｓｍｉｎ一１ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｖｏｌｕｍｅｏｆｔｈｅｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｈｅａｄｓｐａｃｅ（Ｔｉａｎｅｔ以，１９９８）．Ｔｈｅａｍｉｎｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｔｉｚａｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅｗａｓｍｅａｓｕｒｅｄｏｎｃｅｄａｉｌｙｉｎｔｈｅｍｏｒｎｉｎｇｆｒｏｍ８：ＯＯａｍｔｏ１０：００ａｍ．Ｆｏｒｅａｃｈｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔ．ｔｈｅａｉｒｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓｌｙｆｌｏｗｅｄｆｏｒ２ｈ．ａｎｄｔｈｅｎｔｈｅｃｈａｍｂｅｒｓｗｅｒｅｒｅｍｏｖｅｄｔｏｅｌｉｍｉｎａｔｅｔｈｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓｉｎＣＯＮｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｉｎｓｉｄｅａｎｄｏｕｔｓｉｄｅｏｆｔｈｅｃｈａｍｂｅｒｓ．
Ｆｌａｓｋｓｆｉｌｌｅｄｗｉｔｈ５０ｍＬｏｆ２％ｂｏｒｉｃａｃｉｄｗｅｒｅｕｓｅｄｔｏａｂｓｏｒｂｔｈｅａｉＤ／ｎｏｎｉａｇａｓｆｏｒ２ｈ．ａｎｄｔｈｅ１ｉｑｕｉｄｗａｓｔｈｅｎｔｉｔｒａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈ０．００５ｔｏｏｌＬ一１Ｈ２Ｓ０４ｔｏｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｅａｎｌｎｌｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ．Ｔｈｅａｉｒｆｌｏｗｅｄｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｂｏｒｉｃａｃｉｄ．Ｇａｓｍｅｔｅｒｓｗｅｒｅｆｉｔｔｅｄｔｏｒｅｃｏｒｄｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌｖｏｌｕｍｅｏｆａｉｌ－丑ｏｗ，ａｎｄａｉｒｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅａｎｄｓｕｎｌｉｇｈｔｉｎｔｅｕｓｉｔｙｗｅｒｅｒｅｃｏｒｄｅｄｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅａｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｆｉｚａｔｉｏｎｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔｓ．Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｏｆｔｈｅｄｉｕｒｎａｌｃｈａｎｇｅｉｎａｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅ（Ｔｉａｎｅｔａ１．，１９９８），ｔｈｅａｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｈｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅｉｎｔｈｅｍｏｒｎｉｎｇ（ｆｒｏｍ８：００ａｍｔｏ１０：００ａｍ）ｅｑｕａｌｅｄｔｈｅａｖｅｒａｇｅａｍｍｏＩｌｌａ
ＡＭＭｏＮＩＡＶＯＬ．ＡＴＩＬＩＺＡｌ阻ｏＮ
ＩＮＲＩＣＥＦＩＥＬＤＳｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅｄｕｒｉｎｇ
ｏｎｅｄａｙ（２４ｈ）．Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ，ｅａｃｈｄａｙ（２４ｈ）ｗｅｒｅｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｅｄｂｙｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｙｉｎｇ
ｔｈｅｍｏｒｎｉｎｇ（ｆｒｏｍ８：００ａｍｔｏ１０：００ａｍ）ｂｙ１２．
ｔｈｅａｉ∞＿ｔｎｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｖｅｆｌｕｘｅｓｆｏｒａｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｖｅｆｌｕｘｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＴｈｅｒｉｃｅｗａｓｈａｒｖｅｓｔｅｄ
ＯｉｌＯｃｔ．２８．２００３．Ｓａｍｐｌｅｓｏｆｒｉｃｅｇｒａｉｎｓａｎｄｓｔｅｒｎｓｗｅｒｅｄｒｉｅｄａｔ６５。ＣｔｉｌｌａｃｏｎｓｔａｎｔｗｅｉｇｈｔⅥ协ｓｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄ．Ｔｈｅｙｗｅｒｅｔｈｅｎｇｒｏｕｎｄａｎｄｔｒｅａｔｅｄｆｏｒｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔ．ＴｏｔａｌＮｉｎｐｌａｎｔｓｗａｓｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｓｅｍｉｍｉｅｒｏＫｊｅｌｄａｈｌｄｉｇｅｓｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄ（Ｌｎ，１９９９）．ＴｈｅａｐｐａｒｅｎｔｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｗａｓｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｅｄｂｙｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｙｉｎｇｔｈｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｏｆｔｈｅＮａｂｓｏｒｂｅｄｂｙｒｉｃｅｕｎｄｅｒｔｈｅａｐｐｌｉｅｄＮｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｍｉｎｕｓｔｈｅＮａｂｓｏｒｂｅｄｂｙｒｉｃｅｕｎｄｅｒｔｈｅ
ｎｏＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｂｙｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒａｐｐｌｉｅｄｉｎｔｈｅＮｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ．
Ｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃａｌａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ
Ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｖａｒｉａｎｃｅ（ＡＮＯＶＡ）ｗａｓｕｓｅｄｔｏｍｅｕｓｕｒｅｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｓｉｇｎｉ矗ｃａｎｃｅｏｆｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓ
ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｍｅａｎｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓ．Ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓａｍｏｎｇｍｅａｎｓｗｅｒｅｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｄｂｙ
Ｄｕｎｃａｎ’ｓｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｒａｎｇｅｔｅｓｔ，ａｔＰ≤Ｏ．０５ａｎｄＰ茎０．０１．ＤａｔａｗｅｒｅａｎａｌｙｚｅｄｕｓｉｎｇｔｈｅｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓｏｆＳＰＳＳ１０．０ｆｔｈｅＳｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃａｌＰａｃｋａｇｅｆｏｒＳｏｃｉａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｆｏｒＷｉｎｄｏｗｓ１０．０１．
Ａｒｅｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｒｉｃｅｙｉｅｌｄ
ａｎｄａｐｐＨｅｄＮｗａｓａｌｓｏｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｅｄｉｎｔｅｒｍｓｏｆｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎ：
Ｙ＝ａ４ｂｘＮ——ｅｘＮ２
（１）
ｗｈｅｒｅＹｉｓｔｈｅｒｉｃｅｙｉｅｌｄ（ｋｇｈａ一１）；ａ，ｂ，ａｎｄｅａｒｅｒｅｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｃｏｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｓ；ａｎｄＮｉｓｔｈｅＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒａｍｏｕｎｔ（ｋｇＮｈａ一１）．Ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｒｅｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎ，ｔｈｅｍａｘｉｍｕｍｒｉｃｅｙｉｅｌｄｆｏｒｔｈｅａｐｐｌｉｅｄＮｗａｓｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｅｄ，ａｎｄｔｈｅｎａｌｌｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃａｌｌｙｆａｖｏｒａｂｌｅＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒａｐｐｈｃａｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅｗａｓｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｂｙｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｎｔｈｅｂａｓｉｓｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｓｔｏｆｒｉｃｅａｎｄｎｒｅａｉｎｔｈｅｍａｒｋｅｔ，
ＲＥＳＵＩ口ＳＡＮＤＤＩＳＣＵＳＳｌ０Ｎ
Ａｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ扣。ｍｂａｓａｌ｜ｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒ
Ａｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｆｌｕｘ矗ｏｍｔｈｅｂａｓａｌｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｆｏｒｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｒｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓｉｎｗｈｉｃｈＮｗａｓａｐｐｌｉｅｄ．ｒｅａｃｈｅｄａｐｅａｌ【３ｄａｆｔｅｒｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ，ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｐｅａｌ（ｓｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇｔｏ６１．５，１７４．８，４２３．６，ａｎｄ５０１．１ｎａｇＮｍ－２ｄ一１ｆｏｒｔｈｅｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓＮ１，Ｎ２，Ｎ３，ａｎｄＮ４，ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ（Ｆｉｇ．１）．Ａｆｔｅｒ３ｄ，ｔｈｅａ＿Ｉｉｉｘｎｏｎｉａｆｌｕｘｇｒａｄｕａｌｌｙｄｒｏｐｐｅｄ，ｂｕｔａｍｉｎｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｄｕｎｔｉｌ１４ｄａｆｔｅｒａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｂａｓａｌｆｅｒｔｉｌｌｚｅｒ．ＣｕｍｕｌａｔｉｖｅＮＨ３ｌｏｓｓｅｓｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｗｅｅｋｗｅｒｅ３５６．７，７７７．６，１５８７．３ａｎｄ２０７７．７ｍｇＮｍ一２ｆｏｒｔｈｅｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓＮ１，Ｎ２，Ｎ３，ａｎｄＮ４，ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ，ｗｈｉｃｈａｃｃｏｕｎｔｅｄｆｏｒ７３．４％，８４．４％，７２．２％，ａｎｄ８１．１％ｏｆｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌａｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｌｏｓｓｅｓｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｗｈｏｌｅｂａｓａｌｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｐｅｒｉｏｄ．
１２３４５６７８９１０１１１２１３１４
Ｄａｙｓａｆｔｅｒｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ
◆Ｎ１
■Ｎ２
▲Ｎ３
●Ｎ４
Ｆｉｇ?１Ｆｌｕｘ
ｄｅｎｓｉｔｙｏｆＮＨａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎａｆｔｅｒａｐｐｌｙｉｎｇＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｓｏｎＪｕｎ．２２，２００３Ｎ１ｔＮ２，Ｎ３，ａｎｄＮ４ａＥｅＮｔｒｃａ－ｔｍｅｎｔｓｗｉｔｈｂａｓａｌａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅｓｏｆ５０ｔｉ００，１５０，ａｎｄｌ７５ｋｇＮｈａ一１，ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ．ＶｅｒｔｉｃａｌｂａｒｆｌａｒｅｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｄｅｖｉａｔｉｏＩⅢｏｆｔｈｅｍｅａｎｓ．６
５
４
３
２，Ｏ
一．罄，西色广×一
６４２Ｄ．Ｘ．ＬＩＮｅｔ口ｌ
ＴｏｔａｌａｌＥ．ｉ＝ｎｏｎｉａｌｏｓｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｂａｓａｌｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｗａｓｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙｇｒｅａｔｅｒｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓＮ３ａｎｄＮ４
ｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓＮ１ａｎｄＮ２（ＰＳｏ．０１），ｗｉｔｈＮ２ｂｅｉｎｇｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙｇｒｅａｔｅｒ（Ｐ≤ｏ．０５）ｔｈａｎＮ１（ＴａｂｌｅＩ）．ＴｏｔａｌａｍｍｏｎｉａｌｏｓｓｅｓａｓａｐｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅｏｆＮａｐｐｌｉｅｄｉｎｔｈｉｓｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ（ＴａｂｌｅＩ）ｗｅｒｅｍｕｃｈｌｏｗｅｒｔｈａｎｔｈｏｓｅｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｆｏｒａｒｉｃｅｆｉｅｌｄｉｎａｎｏｔｈｅｒｓｔｕｄｙ（ａｂｏｕｔ３０％ｏｆｔｈｅａｐｐｌｉｅｄＮ）（Ｓｏｎｇ酊ａｌ，２００４），ｂｕｔｈｉｇｈｅｒｔｈａｎｔｈｅｆｉｎｄｉｎｇｓｏｆＣａｏｅｔａＬ（２０００），ｗｈｏｕｓｅｄａｃｌｏｓｅｄｃｈａｍｂｅｒｍｅｔｈｏｄｔｏｍｅａｓｕｒｅａｍｍｏｎｉａ１０Ｓｓ．
ＴＡＢＬＥＩ
ＮＨ３ｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｌｏ∞ｅ＃ａｆｔｅｒｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｄｕｒｉｎｇｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｓｔａｇｅｓｏｆｒｉｃｅｇｒｏｗｔｈ
ＴｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔＴｏｔａｌＮＮＨｓｌｏ。ｓｃｓＴｏｔａｌＮＨａｌｏｓｓｅｓ
ｔｈｅ‘ｉ。。Ｆ州ｈａｐｐｕｅｄ
Ｂ私ａｌｄｔｅＢＢｉｎｇＴｉｌｌｅｒ｜ｎｇ（ｔｏｐｄ嗍ｉＩｌｇ）Ｅ舶ｅａｒｉ“ｇ㈣ｄｒｅｓｓｉｎｇ）ｄ１１ｒｉｎｇ
ｋｇＮｈａ“
Ｎ１ｉ００４．９土０．６ｃＢｏＪｆ９７）ｂ／２４＋０．９ｂＢ８１）２１４－０．８ｂＢ（１０．３）９，４（９．４）
Ｎ２２００９２４－２．３ｂＢ（９．２）５ｉｌｌ５ｂＢ８５）３６４－１．０ｂＢ（９．０）１７．９（９．０）
Ｎ３３００２２．０４＂Ｏ９ａＡ（１４．７）１４．２４－２，０ａＡ１５．７）１３．ｓ４－ｔ．３ａＡ（２３．１）５０．０（１６．７）
Ｎ４３５０２５．６４－０２ａＡ（１４６ｌ１０５士１．４ａＢ１０．０）１１．８士４ｌａＡ（１６．ｏ）４７９（１３．７）
８ＩＭｅａｎｓｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄｂｙｔｈｅ８ｎｉｎｅｌｅｔｔｅｒ（１０ｗｅｒｃａｓｅｆｏｒＰ＜０．０５ａｎｄ
Ｐ＜ｏ．０１）ｗｉｔｈｉｎａｃｏｌｕｍｎｗｅＭｎｏｔ
ｕｐｐｅｒｃａｓｅｆｏｒ
ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ．ｔｒｕｉｎｇＤｕｎｃａｎ’ｓｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｒａｎｇｅｔｅｓｔ．
ｂ）ＴｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｓｉｎｐａｒｅｎｔｈｅｓｅｓｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅｔｈｅｐｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅｓｏｆｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒＮａｐｐｌｉｅｄ．
ＮＨ３ｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｌｏｓｓｅｓｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅ扛ｒｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｓｔａｇｅｓ
Ｆｏｒｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｓ，ｔｏｔａｌＮｌｏｓｓｅｓｔｈｒｏｕｇｈａｌｍｎｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅＮａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅ（ＴａｂｌｅＩ）．Ｆｏｒｅａｃｈｏｆｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅｆｅｒｔｉｈｚａｔｉｏｎｓｔａｇｅｓｏｆｒｉｃｅｇｒｏｗｔｈ，ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙｈｉｇｈｅｒａｍｏｕｎｔ（Ｐ≤Ｏ．０５）ｏｆＮｗａｓｌｏｓｔｔｈｒｏｕｇｈａｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ，ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｌｏｓｓｂｅｉｎｇｇｒｅａｔｅｒｆｏｒｔｈｅｈｉｇｈＮ（Ｎ３，Ｎ４）ｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｌｏｗＮ（Ｎｌ，Ｎ２）ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓ（ＴａｂｌｅＩ）．Ａｌｓｏ，ｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｉｓｔｉｍｅ，ａｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎＮ１０８８ａｓａｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎｏｆＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒａｐｐｈｅｄｗａｓｈｉｇｈｅｒｉｎｔｈｅｈｉｇｈＮ（Ｎ３，Ｎ４）ｔｈａｎｉｎｔｈｅｌｏｗＮ（Ｎ１，Ｎ２）ｔｒｅａｔｎｌｅｎｔｓ（ＴａｂｌｅＩ）．Ｉｎａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎ，ｆｏｒｔｈｅｅａｎ２ｅｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔａｍｏｎｇｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｓｔａｇｅｓ．ｔｈｅｒｅｗｅｒｅｏｎｌｙＳｉｌｌａｌｌｄｉｆｉｅｒｅｎｃｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｐｅｒｃｅｕｔａｇｅｏｆａ４ＴｔｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎＮｌｏｓｓｔｏＮａｐｐｌｉｅｄ（ＴａｂｌｅＩ），ｗｉｔｈｔｏｔａｌａｍｍｏｎｉａｌｏｓｓｅｓｒａｎｇｉｎｇｆｒｏｍ９．ｏ％ｔｏ１６．７％ｏｆａｐｐｈｅｄＮ（嘞ｌｅＩ）．Ｔｈｉｓｗａｓｌｏｗｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄｗｉｔｈ２８％ｏｆａｐｐｈｅｄＮｌｏｓｔｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｂｙＳｏｎｇｅｔａ１．（２００４）ｗｈｏｕｓｅｄａｍｉｃｒｏｍｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄｔｏｍｅａｓｕｒｅａｌｎＩｎｏｕｌａ１０ｓｓｉｎｔｈｅｉｒｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ，ＴｈｅｄＬｉｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｔｗｏｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓｍｉｇｈｔｂｅｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｄｉｆｉｅｒｅｎｔｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｕｓｅｄｔｏｍｅａｓｍ＇ｅａｎｌｉｉｌＯｎｉａ１０８ｓｏｒｔｏｔｈｅｄ面ｅｒｅｎｔｓｏｉｌｔｙｐｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｔｗｏｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓ．ｗｈｉｃｈｉｎｔｕｒｎｌｅａｄｓｔｏｔｈｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｉｎｔｈｅｓｏｉｌＰＨ．ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓ７．１５ｉｎｔｈｅｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｏｆＳｏｎｇｅｔａ１．ｆ２００４）ｂｕｔ５．３９ｉｎｔｈｉｓｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ．Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ，ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓｉｎｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｗｅｒｅｓｍａｌｌｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｔｗｏｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓ．
Ａｎ［１ＩｎｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｌｏｓｓｆｒｏｍｕｒｅａａｐｐｌｉｅｄｔｏｒｉｃｅｆｉｅｌｄｗａｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｏｕｔｅｆｏｒＮｌｏｓｓ．ＴｏｅｎｈａｎｃｅＮｕｓｅｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙ（ＮＵＥ），ｓｏｍｅｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎａｐｐｌｉｅｄｔｏｒｅｄｕｃｅａｍｍｏｎｉａｅｉｉｎｓｓｉｏｎｓｆｒｏｍｒｉｃｅｆｉｅｌｄ．ＴｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｗａｓｔｏｌｏｗｅｒｔｈｅＮａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅｗｈｅｎＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｗａｓａｐｐｈｅｄ．ＴｈｅｒｅｓｎｉｔｓｏｆｔｈｉｓｓｔｕｄｙｓｈｏｗｅｄｔｈａｔｈｉｇｈＮａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅｌｅｄｔｏｌｌｉ吐Ｎｌｏｓｓｂｙａｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ（Ｔａｂｌｅ１１，ａｎｄｕｒｅａｓｅｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｏｒｓａｎｄｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｅｄｒｅｌｅａｓｅｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｓｃｏｕｌｄｂｅｕｓｅｄｔｏｍａｒｋｅｄｌｙｒｅｄｕｃｅＮＨｓｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎａｎｄｔｏｉｍｐｒｏｖｅＮＵＥ（ＫｅｅｎｅｙａｎｄＳａｈｒａｗａｔ，１９８６；Ｐｅｄｒａｚｚｉｕｌｅｔａ１．，１９８７；ＦｒｅｎｅｙｅｔａＩ．，１９９３；Ｐｈｏｎｇｐａｎｅｔａ１．，１９９５；Ｆｒｅｎｅｙ，１９９７）．
Ｎａｂｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎｂｙｒｉｃｅ
ＴｈｅＮａｂｓｏｒｂｅｄｂｙｒｉｃｅ，ｅｘｃｅｐｔｆｏｒｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｅｓｔＮｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ（ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔＮ４）ａｎｄｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔＮ３ｉｎｔｈｅｔｉｎｅｒｉｎｇｓｔａｇｅ，ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｒａｔｅｏｆｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒａｐｐｌｉｅｄ（ＴａｂｌｅＩＩ），ＴｈｅｒｉｃｅｓｅｅｄｇｒａｉａＳｃｏｎｔａｉｎｅｄｍｏｒｅＮｔｈａｎｔｈｅｒｉｃｅｓｔｅｍｓ，ａｎｄｔｈｅＮｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｅｄｇｒａｉｎｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｆｉｖｅｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔＳｗｅｒｅｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ（Ｐ≤ｏ．０１）ａｎｄｗｅｒｅｉｎｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｏｒｄｅｒ：Ｎ４，Ｎ３，Ｎ２＞Ｎ１＞ＣＫ．Ａｌｓｏ，Ｎｉｎｔｈｅｓｅｅｄｇｒａｉｎｓａｃｃｏｕｎｔｅｄｆｏｒ５９．４９扣７１．９％ｏｆｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌＮｉｎｔｈｅｒｉｃｅｐｌａｎｔｓ（ｓｔｅｍ十ｓｅｅｄ），ｗｉｔｈ
ＡＭＭｏＮＩＡＶＯＬＡＴＩＬＩＺＡＴＩｏＮＩＮｆＬｌＣＥＦＩＥＬＤＳ６４３
ｔｈｅｐｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅｏｆＮｉｎｔｈｅｓｅｅｄｔｏＮｉｎｔｈｅｐｌａｎｔ（ｓｔｅｍ＋ｓｅｅｄ）ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙｄｅｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｗｉｔｈｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｒａｔｅ，ｅｘｃｅｐｔｆｏｒｔｈｅｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔＮ４（ＴａｂｌｅＩＩ）．
ＴＡＢＬＥＵ
Ｎａｂｓｏｒｂｅｄｂｙｒｉｃｅｐｌａｎｔｓ
８）Ｍｅａｎｓｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｓ３１１１ｅＬｅｔｔｅｒ（１０ｗｅｒｃａｓｅｆｏｒＰ＜０．０５ａｎｄ
ｕｐｐｅｒｃａｓｅｆｏｒＰ＜ｏ．ｏｉ）ｗｉｔｈｉｎａｃｏｌｕｍｎｗｅｒｅｎｏｔｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ．ｕｓｉｎｇＤｕｎｃａｎ’Ｂｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｒａｎｇｅｔｅｓｔ
ＡｐｐａｒｅｎｔｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｏｙＮ讯ｒ／ｃｅ
ＴｈｅＮｃｏｎｔａｉｎｅｄｉｎｅａｃｈ１００ｋｇｏｆｈａｒｖｅｓｔｅｄｓｅｅｄｇｒａｉｎｓｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｒａｔｅｏｆＮａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ（ＴａｂｌｅＩＩＩ）．Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ，ｔｈｅｅｘｔｒａｕｐｔａｋｅｏｆＮｃａｕｓｅｄｔｈｅｒｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｒｉｃｅｓｅｅｄｇｒａｉｎｓｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｂｙｏｎｅｕｎｉｔｏｆＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒａｐｐｌｉｅｄｉｎｔｈｉｓｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ，ｗｈｉｃｈｗａｓｓｉｍｉｌａｒｔｏｔｈｅｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｏｆＬｉｅｔ以（１９９７）．ＢａｓｅｄｏｉｌｔｈｅｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｏｆＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ，ｆｏｒｒｉｃｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｉｎｔｈｉｓｓｏｉｌｔｙｐｅ，２００ｋｇＮｈａ－１（Ｎ２）ｗａｓａｓｕｉｔａｂｌｅＮａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅ（ＴａｂｌｅＩＩＩ）．Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ，ｔｈｅｒａｔｅｓｏｆＮｆｅｒｔｉｈｚｅｒｕｔ此ａｔｉｏｎ
ｒａｎｇｅｄｆｒｏｍ３０．９％ｔｏ４５．９％ｆＴａｂｌｅ１１１），ｗｈｉｃｈｗｅｒｅｈｉｇｈｅｒｔｈａｎｔｈｏｓｅｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｂｙｏｔｈｅｒｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ．Ｔｈｅｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｗａｓｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｔｏｂｅ２５．７％ｉｎｔｈｅｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｏｆＳｏｎｇ舭ｌｄＦａｎ（２００３１ａｎｄ２７．０％ｉｎｔｈｅｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｏｆＸｕｅｔａＬ（２００２）．ＴｈｅｒｅａｓｏｎｃｏｎＩｄｂｅａｔｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｆａｃｔｔｈａｔｓｏｉｌｆｅｒｔｉｈｔｙｗａｓｌｏｗｅｒｉｎｔｈｉｓｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｔｈａｎｉｎｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｔｗｏｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓ．
ＴＡＢＬＥＩｌｌ
Ａｐｐａｒｅｎｔｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｒ吼髓ｏｆＮｉｎｒｉｃｅｕｎｄｅｒｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔＮｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓ
ＲｉｃｅｙｉｅｌｄａｎｄＮ，ｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒ
Ｒｉｃｅｙｉｅｌｄ（ｏｎａｄｒｙ－ｍａｔｔｅｒｂａｓｉｓ）ｗａｓｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙｈｉｇｈｅｒｆＰ＜Ｏ，０１）ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓＮ２ａｎｄＮ３ｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄｗｉｔｈａｌｌｏｔｈｅｒｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓ（Ｔａｂｌｅｉｖ）．ＡｔｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｅｓｔＮａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅ（Ｎ４），ａｓｕｒｐｌｕｓｏｆＮｒｅｓｕｌｔｅｄｉｎｌｏｄｇｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅｒｉｃｅｐｌａｎｔｓ．Ｔｈｕｓ．ｉｔｉｓｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｔｏａｐｐｌｙａｓｕｌｔａｂｌｅＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｒａｔｅｆｏｒｒｉｃｅｔｏｅｎｓｕｒｅａｈｉｇｈｌｙｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ．Ｔｈｉｓｍｅａｎｔｔｈａｔ矗ｅｌｄｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｅｄｔｏａｌｌｏｗｗｏｒｋｅｒｓｔｏｐｒｅｃｉｓｅｌｙｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＮａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｎｒｉｃｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｉｎｎａｔｕｒａｌｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ，ＴｈｅｒｅｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｉｎｄｉｃａｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｒｉｃｅｙｉｅｌｄａｎｄｔｈｅＮａｐｐｌｉｅｄ（ＴａｂｌｅＩＶ）ｗａｓ：Ｙ＝－０．０３４４Ｘ２＋１６．５０２Ｘ＋６０５５．２，Ｒ２＝０．８３２６＋，ｗｈｅｒｅＹｉｓｔｈｅｒｉｃｅｙｉｅｌｄ，ａｎｄＸｉｓｔｈｅＮａｐｐｈｅｄ．Ｆｒｏｍｔｈｉｓｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎ，ｗｈｅｎｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｗａｓａｐｐｌｉｅｄａｔ０－２３９９垤ｈａ＿１，ｒｉｃｅｙｉｅｌｄｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｒａｔｅｏｆｚｆｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｆｅｒｔｉｌｌｚｅｒａｐｐｈｅｄ．Ｗｉｔｈ２３９．９ｋｇｈａ～ｏｆａｐｐｌｉｅｄＮ，ｍａｘｉｍｕｍｒｉｃｅｙｉｅｌｄｗａｓ８０３６５ｋｇｈ～，Ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｓａｌｅｐｒｉｃｅｏｆｒｉｃｅｓｅｅｄｇｒａｉｎｏｆ１．０５ＲＭＢＹｕａｎｋｇ＿ｌｆＵＳ￥０．１３ｋｇ－ｌａｔＵＳ￥ｌ，００＝７．８０ＲＭＢＹｕａｎ）ａｎｄｕｒｅａｐｒｉｃｅｏｆ１．２０ＲＭＢＹｕａｎｋｇ－１（ＵＳ￥０．１５ｋｇ—１１ｉｎ２００３，ｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃａｌｌｙｆａｖｏｒａｂｌｅＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｒａｔｅｆｏｒｒｉｃｅｗａｓ２２７．１ｋｇｈａ～，ｗｈｉｃｈｃｏｕｌｄｐｒｏｄｕｃｅ８０２８，７ｋｇ
Ｄ．Ｘ．ＵＮｅ￡毗６４４
ｈａ一１ｓｅｅｄｇｒａｉｎｗｉｔｈａｎＮｉｎｐｕｔｔｏｙｉｅｌｄｏｕｔｐｕｔｒａｔｉｏｏｆ１：３０．９
ＴＡＢＬＥⅣ
ＥｆｌｅｅｔｏｆＮａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｎｒｉｃｅｙｉｅｌｄｓ
ＴｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔＲｉｃｅｙｉｅｌｄＩｎｃｒｅｍｅｎｔ
ｆｏｒ尸（ｏ０１）ｗｉｔｈｉｎａｃｏｌｕｍｎｗｅｒｅｎｏｔ８）Ｍｅａｎｓｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄｂｙｔｈｅ蚰ａｌａｅｌｅｔｔｅｒ（１０ｗｅｒｃａｓｅｆｏｒＰ＜０．０５ａｎｄ
ｕｐｐｅｒｃａｓｅ
ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃｅｍｔｌｙｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ，ｕｓｉｎｇＤｕｎｃａｎ’ｓｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｒａｎｇｅｔｅｓｔ．
ＣＯＮＣＬＵＳＩＯＮＳ
ＮＨＲｖｏｌａｔｉｈｚａｔｉｏｎｌｏｓｓｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｏｕｔｅｓｏｆＮｌｏｓｓｅｓｆｒｏｍｒｉｃｅｆｉｅｌｄ，ｌｅａｄｉｎｇｔｏａＮｌｏｓｓｒａｎｇｉｎｇｆｒｏｍ９．４％ｔｏ１６，７％ｏｆａｐｐｌｉｅｄＮｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｗｈｏｌｅｐｅｒｉｏｄｏｆｒｉｃｅｇｒｏｗｔｈ．ＴｏｔａｌａｍｍｏｎｉａｌｏｓｓａｎｄｔｈｅａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆＮａｂｓｏｒｂｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｒｉｃｅｐｌａｎｔｓｗｅｒｅｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅａｍｍｍｔｏｆｕｒｅａａｐｐｌｉｅｄ．ＩｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇＮａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｃｏｕｌｄｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅａｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｌｏｓｓａｎｄＮａｂｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎｂｙｔｈｅｒｉｃｅｐｌａｎｔｓ．ＢｕｔｔｈｅｒａｔｉｏｏｆＮｉｎｔｈｅｓｅｅｄｔｏＮｉｎｔｈｅｐｌａｎｔｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｒａｔｅｏｆＮｆｅｒｔｉｆｉｚｅｒａｐｐｌｉｅｄ．ＴｈｅｓｕｒｐｌｕｓｏｆＮａｐｐｌｉｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｒｅｓｕｌｔｅｄｉｎｌｏｄｇｉｎｇｏｆｒｉｃｅｐｌａｎｔｓ．ｔｈｅｒｅｂｙｌｅａｄｉｎｇｔｏｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅｄｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｆｅｒｔｉｌｌｚｅｒｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙａｎｄｈｅｎｃｅｒｅｄｕｃｅｄｒｉｃｅｙｉｅｌｄｓ．ＳｏｅｘｃｅｓｓｉｖｅａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｉｎｒｉｃｅｆｉｅｌｄｃｏｕｌｄｎｏｔｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｒｉｃｅｙｉｅｌｄｂｕｔｗｏｕｌｄｒｅｓｕｌｔｉｎｍｏｒｅｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｌｏｓｓ．ＡｄｄｉｔｉｏｎｏｆａｓｕｉｔａｂｌｅａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｔｏｒｉｃｅｆｉｅｌｄｓｉｓｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ．Ｔｈｅｏｐｔｉｍｕｍｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃａｌａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒａｐｐｌｉｅｄｔｏｒｉｃｅｗａｓ２２７ｋｇｈａ一１ｆｏｒｔｈｅｐａｄｄｙｓｏｉｌｉｎｔｈｅＴａｉｈｕｒｅｇｉｏｎ，Ｉｎｆｕｔｕｒｅ，ａｒａｐｉｄａｎｄａｃｃｕｒａｔｅｍｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｉｎｇａｓｕｉｔａｂｌｅａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｔｏｂｅａｐｐｌｉｅｄｔｏｒｉｃｅｆｉｅｌｄｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｓｔｕｄｉｅｄａｎｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ．
ＲＥＦＥＲＥＮＣＥＳ
Ｇａｉ．Ｇ．Ｘ．ａｎｄＦａｎ．Ｘ．Ｈ１９９８Ｓｏｉｌｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎａｎｄｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｓ．ｍＬｕ，Ｒ．Ｋ（ｅｄ）Ｓｏｉｌ－ｐｌａｎｔＮｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎＰｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅａｎｄＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＦｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｍ（ｉｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌｈａｄｏｓｔｒｙＰｒｅｓｓ，Ｂｅｒｉｎｇ．ＰＰ?１１２－１５１．
Ｇａｉ、ＧＸ．ａｎｄＺｈｕ．ＺＬ．１９９５．Ｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆｇａｓｅｏｕｓｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｌｏｓｓｅｓｆｒｏｍｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｓａｐｐｌｉｅｄｔｏｆｌｏｏｄｅｄｒｉｃｅｆｉｅｌｄｓ．ＡｅｔａＰｅｄｏｌｏｇｉｃａ８ｉｎｉｃａ（ｉｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ）．３２（Ｓｕｐｐｌ．２）：１２８＿１３５．
Ｃａｏ，Ｊ．Ｌ，，Ｔｉｎｎ，Ｇ．Ｇ．，Ｂｅｎ，ＬＴ．，Ｇａｉ，Ｚ．Ｃ．ａｎｄＨｅ，Ｒ．Ｈ．２０００．ＡｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｆｒｏｍｕｒｅａａｐｐｌｉｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｆｉｅｌｄｏｆｗｈｅａｔａｎｄｒｉｃｅｉｎｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎＪｉｎｎｇｓｕＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌ可Ｎａｎｆｉｒ姆ＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＵ’＊ｉｖｅｒａｉｔｙ（ｉｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ）．２８（４）：５１－５４．Ｃｕｉ，Ｙ．Ｔ．，Ｃｈｅｎ，Ｘ．，Ｈａｎ，Ｃ．Ｎ．ａｎｄＬｉ，ＲＧ，２０００．Ｔｈｅｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃａｎｄｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｓａｒｉｓｆａｃｔｏｒｙａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｆｅｒｔｆｌｉｚｅｒｕｓｉｎｇｏｎｒｉｃｅ｜Ⅱ１缸Ｌｅ．ｋｅｒｅｇｉｏｎ．ＡｃｔａＥｃｏｌａｇｕ：ｃｄＳｉｎｉｃａ（ｉｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ）．２０（４）：６５９ｆ６６２．
ＦＡＯ．２００３Ｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃ“Ｄａｔａｂａｓｅｓ．ＦｏｏｄａｎｄＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅＯｒｇａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎ（ＦＡＯ）ｏｆｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＮａｔｉｏｎｓ．Ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗＦＡＯ．ｏｒｇ?Ｆｉｌｌｅｒｙ，Ｒ．ＰａｎｄＤｅＤａｔｔａ．Ｓ．Ｋ．１９８６．ＡｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｆｒｏｍｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｖｏｈｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎａｓａＮｌｏｓｓｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｉｘｔｉｎｆｌｏｏｄｅｄｒｉｃｅｆｉｅｌｄｓＦｅｒｅａｌｉｚｅｒＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈ．９：７８—９８．
ｒｅｄｕｃｅ锄ｍｏｎｌ８Ｆｒｅｎｅｙ，Ｊ．Ｒ．，Ｋｃｃｒｔｈｉｓｉｎｇｈｅ，Ｄ．Ｇ．，Ｃｈａｉｗａｎａｋｕｐｔ，ＰａｎｄＰｈｏａｇｐａｎ，Ｓ１９９３１ＵｓｅｏｆｕｒｅａｓｅｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｏｒｓｔｏｌＯＳＳｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｕｒｅａｔｏｆｌｏｏｄｅｄｒｉｃｅｆｉｅｌｄｓ．，ｌａｎｔａｎｄＳｏｉ２．１５６（１）：３７１－３７３．
ＦｒｅｎｅｙｔＪ．Ｒ．１９９７．Ｓｔｒａｔｅｇｉｅｓｔｏｒｅｄｕｃｅｇａｓｅｏｕｓｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓｏｆｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｆｒｏｍｉｒｒｉｇａｔｅｄａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ．ＮｕｔｒｉｅｎｔＣｙｃｌｉｎｇｉｎＡｇｒｏｅｃｏｓｙｓｔⅢ．４８（１）：１５５－１６０．
Ｋｅｅｎｅｙ，Ｄ．ＲａｎｄＳａｈｒａｗａｔ．Ｋ．Ｌ．１９８６ＮｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｔｒａｘｌｓｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｆｌｏｏｄｅｄｒｉｃｅｓｏｉｌｓＮｕｔｒｉｅｎｔＣｙｃｌｉｎｇ”；Ａｇｒｏｅｃｏｓｙｓ’ｔｅｒｎｓｔ口（１）：１５－３８．
Ｌｉ，ｗＢ．，ｗｕ，Ｌ．ＳａｎｄＬｉａｏ，ＨＱ．１９９７．ＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｃｒｏｐｒｅｃｏｖｅｒｙｏｆＮｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｉｎｈｉｇｈｙｉｅｌｄｉｎｇｐａｄｄｙｆｉｅｌｄｓｏｆＴａｉｈｕｒｅｇｉｏｎ．ＡｃｔａｐｅｄｏｌｏｇｉｃａＳｉｎｉｃａ（ｉｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ）ａ４（１／：ｆｉ７—７２，
Ｌｕ，Ｒ．Ｋ．（Ｅｄｉｔｏｒ－ｉｎ－Ｃｈｉｅｆ）．１９９９．ＳｏｉｌＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌＡｎａｌｙｔｉｃａｌＭｅｔｈｏｄｓ（ｉｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔａｒａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙＰｒｅｓｓ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ．ＰＰ．１４６－１６５．
ＯｌｉｖｅｒｔＪ．Ｇ．Ｊ．，Ｂｏｕｗｍａｎ，Ａ．Ｆ．，ＶａｎｄｅｒＨｏｅｋ，Ｋ．Ｗ．ａｎｄＢｅｒｄｏｗｓｋｉ，Ｊ．Ｊ．Ｍ．１９９８．Ｇｌｏｂａｌａｉｒｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｉｎｖｅｎｔｏｒｉｅｓｆｏｒａｎｔｈｒｏｐｏｇｅｎｉｃｓｏｕｒｃｅ８ｏｆＮｏ。，ＮＨａａｎｄＮ２０ｉｎ１９９０．ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＰｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎ．１０２（Ｓｕｐｐｌ．１）：１３６－１４８，
ｏＮＩＡＶＯＬＡＴＩＬＩＺＡＴｌ０ＮＩＮＲＩＧＥＦＩＥＬＤＳ６４５
Ｅｚｉｎｉ，Ｆ，，Ｔｍ＇ｓｉｔａｎｏ，Ｒ．ａｎｄＮａｎｎｉｐｉｅｒｉ，Ｐ１９８７，ＴｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＰｈｅｎｙｌｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｏｄＬａｍｉｄａｔｅｏｎｔｌｌｒｅａ．８ｅａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙａｎｄｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｎｆｌｏｏｄｅｄｒｉｃｅ．ＢｉｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＦｅｒｔｉｌｉ衄ｏ，ＳｏｉＬｓ．３（３）：１８３１８８
ｇｐａｎ，Ｓ．，Ｆ。ｒｅｎｅｙ，Ｊ．Ｒ．，Ｋｅｅｒｔｈｉｓｉｎｇｈｅ，Ｄ．Ｇ．ａｎｄＣｈａｌｗｖａｘａｋｕｐｔ，Ｐ１９９５．Ｕ驼ｏｆＰｈｅｎｙｌｐｈ０８ｐｈｏｒｏｄｉ枷ｄａｔｅａｎｄ－（ｎ－ｂｕｔｙｌ）ｔｈｉｏｐｈｏｏｐｈｏｒｉｃｔｒｉａｍｉｄｅｔｏｒｅｄｕｃｅａｍｍｏｎｉａｌｏｓｓａｎｄｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｇｒａｉｎｙｉｅｌｄ如ｌｌｏｗｉｎｇａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｕｒｅａｔｏｏｏｄｅｄｒｉｃｅ．川ｕｔｒｉｅｎｔＣｙｃｌｉｎ９ｉｎＡｇｒｏｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｒｒ坩．４１ｆ１１：５９—６６
ｕｒｖｅｙＳｔａｆｆ．１９９６ＫｅｙｓｔｏＳｏｉｌＴａｘｏｎｏｍｙ．７ｔｈＥｄｉｔｉｏｎ．ＵｎｉｔｖｄＳｔａｔｅａＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ．Ｗ曲ｈｉｎｇｔｏｎ．ＤＣＹ．Ｓ．ａｎｄＦａｎ，Ｘ．Ｈ．２００３ＮｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｕｐｔａｋｅａｎｄｉｔｓｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｂｙｒｉｃｅｉｎｐａｄｄｙｆｉｅｌｄｏｆＴａｉｈｕ呲钆Ｃｈｉｇｅｓｅ上！ｐｐｌｉｅｄＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ（ｉｓＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ）１４（１１）：２０８１—２０８３，
Ｙ．Ｓ．，Ｆａｎ，Ｘ．Ｈ．，Ｌｉｎ，ＤＸ．，Ｙａｎｇ，Ｌ．ＺａｎｄＺｈｏｕ，Ｊ．Ｍ．２００４．ＩｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｏｎａｍｍｏｎｉａｌｏｓｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｎｏｏｄａｄｃｅｆｉｅｌｄｉｎＴａｉｈｕｒｅｇｉｏｎａｎｄｉｔｓｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｉｎｇｆａｃｔｏｒｓ．ＡｃｔａＰｅｄｏｌｏｇｉｃａＳｉｎｉｃａ（ｉｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ）．４１（２）：２６５－２６９．
Ｇ．Ｍ，Ｇａｏ，ＪＬ．，Ｃａｉ，Ｚ．Ｃ．ａｎｄＲａｎ，Ｌ．Ｔ．１９９８．Ａｍｍｏｎｉａｖｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｆｒｏｍｗｈｅａｔｆｉｅｌｄｔｏｐ－ｄｒ嘲８ｗｉｔｈｔｉｔｅｏ，．’ｅｄｏａｐｈｖｒｅ．８（４ｌ：３３１—３３６
Ｇ．Ｘ．ａｎｄＺｈｕ，Ｚ．Ｌ．２０００．ＡｎａｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔｏｆＮ１ｃｏｓａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｆｉｅｌｄｓｔｏｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｌｎｅｎｔｉｎＣｈｉｎａＮｕｔｒｉｃｎｔ■ｃｌｉｎｇｉｎＡｇｒｏｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ５７：６７－７３．
【．Ｇ．，Ｚｈｏｕ，Ｃ．ＭａｎｄＱｉｎ，Ｄ．ｚ．２００２．Ｔｈｅｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｕｔｉｌｉｓａｔｉｏｎｏｆｎｉｔ５０９ｅⅡｉｎｔｈｅｐｅｄｄｖｓｏｉｌｗｉｔｈｏｒｇａｎｉｃ！ｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒ矗Ⅱｄｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｃｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒａｐｐｌｉｅｄ．ＡｃｔａＰｅｄｏｌｏｇｉｃａＳｉｎｉｃａ（ｉｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ）．３９（ｓｕｐｐｌｅｍｅｎｔ）：１４７－１５６．
………………
瞪口垦；冒譬鲫躐ｄ●ｌ●啊昌删Ｉ啊■日＿¨｝ｉ；目ａ＿嗣日明目¨日■暇目ｌ
Ｈ＿■●＿■●■¨ｊ
冒丽ｉ’ｉ蜀ｌ‘＿ｌ钮－１●Ｉ眚Ｓｃ耙ｎｃｅｌｎＣｈｉｎａｓｅｆＯ：芒ａｍＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ．ａｐｅｅｒ－ｒｅｖｉｅｗｅｄａｃａｄｅｍｉｃｌｏｕｍａｔ。ｃｏｖｅＰ６ｔｈｅｎｏｖｅＪａｎｄｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ
ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｉｎｔｈｅｂａｓｉｃａｎｄａｐｐｌｉｅｄｆｉｅＭｓｏｆｅａＭｈ
ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ｐｒｏｖｉｄｉｎｇａｆｏｒｕｍｆｏｒｈ目ｈ－ｌｅｖｅｌａｃａｄｅｍｉｃｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
ＴｈｅＢｏａｒｄＭｅｍｂｅｍｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｏｅ舯ｃｆｌ加Ｓｅ：ＤＥａｒｔｈＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓｗｉｌｌｃｈｏｏｓｅｅｘｐｅｒｔｓｔｏｆａｉｄｙｐｅｅｒ－ｒｅｖｉｅｗｔｈｅ
ｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｅ．
ＳｃｍｎｃｅｉｎＣｈｉｎａＳｅｔ．Ｄ－ＥａｒｔｈＳｃｉｅｏｃｅｓｉｓｉｎｄｅｘｅｄｂｙＳＣＩ—ＣＤ，Ｅｒ．ＧｅａＲｅｌ，ＪＡ．ＣＡ，ｅｔｃ．
ＳｃｏｎｃｅｉｎＣｈｉｎｓＳｅｔＤＥａ肋Ｓｃｉｅｏｃｅｓｈａｓｂｏｔｈｐｎｎｔｖｅｒｓｉｏｎａｎｄｅｌｅｃｔｈ＇ｏｎｉｃｖｅｒｓｉｏｎ．Ｔｈｅｐｒｉｎｔｖｅｒｓｉｏｎｆｓ
ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｇｌｏｂａｌｌｙ．Ｉｔｓｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃｖｅｒｓｉｏｎｉｓａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅａｔｗｗｗｓｐｎｎｇｅｄｉｎｋ．ＣＯＢ
ＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｉｎＣｈｉｎｅＳｅｆＤ：ＥａｒｔｈＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓｈａｓｔｈｅｆｏＩｌｏｗｉｎｇｃｏｌｕｍｎｓ：
ＲＥＳＥＡＲＣＨＰＡＰＥＲＳｒｅｐｏｒｔｏｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ
ｏｆｌｇｉｎａｌｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｉｎａｌｌａｒｅａｓ０ｆｅａｎｈｓｏｅｎｃｅｓ
ＲＥＶＩＥＷＳｓｕｍｍａｒｉｚｅｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｖｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓａｎｄｅｃｈｉｅｖｅｍｅｒｎｓｉｎ
ａｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｔｏｐｉｃｏｒａｎａｒｅａ，ｃｏｍｍｅｎｔ
ａｄｖ∞ｏｎｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｅｎｓＴｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒ’ｓ㈣ｏｐｉｎ缸ｎａｎｄｒｅｌａｔｅｄｏｉ３ｔｈｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｓｉｔｕｅｔｉｏｎ．ａｎｄ
ｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｉｏｎａｒｅｒｅｑｕｅｓｔｅｄ
ｏｎｅｏｒｅｄ±，Ｖ：
Ｓｕｂｍｌｓｓｉｏｎ
－．ｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ
Ｔｏｓｕｂｍｉｔａｎａｒｔｉｃｌｅｐｌｅａｓｅｖｉｓｉｔｗｗｗ．ＳｃｉＣｈｉｎａ，ｃＯｍａｔｉｏｎａｌＮａｔｕ豫ＩＳｃｉｅｎｃｅＦｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆＣｈｉｎａ
ｂｌｌｓｈｅｄｂｙ：
Ｓｕｂｓｃｒｌｐｔｉｏｎ
：ｉｅｎｃｅＩｎＣｈｉｎａＰｒｅｓｓ
ＦｏｒｉｎｆｏｒｒｎａＵｏｎｏｎｓｕｂｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅｓ，ｐｌｅａｓｅｃｏｎｔａｃｔ；
ａｉｒｍａｎ：
ＣｕｓｔｏｍｅｒＳｅｒｖｉ曲
１０ｕＧｕｅｎｇｚｈａｏ（ｚｈｏｕＧｕａｎｇＺｈａｏ）
ｌｔａｒ－ｉｎ－Ｃｈｉｅｆ：Ｃｈｉｎａ
ＪＮＳｈｕｓａｌｅｓ＠ｓｃｉｃｈｉｎａｏｒｇ
｝ｃＵＵＶｅＥｄｆｂｍ：ＮｏｒｉｃｈａｎｄＳｏｕ协Ａｍｅｄｃａ
＂ＩＥＮＹｏｎｇＭＡＺｏｎｇｊＪｎＯＵＹＡＮＧＺｉｙｕａｎ
ｊｏｕｍａｌｓ－ｎｙ＠ｓｐｒｉｎｇｅｒ－ｓｂｍｃａｍ
ＪＪｉｌａｎＳＵＮＨｏｎｇｌｉｅＷＡＮＧＰｉｎｘｉａｎ
－ＩＯＵＸｉｕｉｉ
ＯｕｔｓｉｄｅＮｏｒｔｈａｎｄＳｏｕｔｈ＾ｍｅｒｉｃａ
ｅＰ，ｉｃｅＩｎＣｈｉｎａＰｒｅｓｓ
ＳＤＣ００ｕｒｎａｌｓ＠ｓｐｄｎｇｅｒ－ｓｂｍｃａｍ
；ＯｏｎｇｈｕａｎｇｃｈｅｎｇｇｅｎＮｏｒｔｈＳｔｒｅｅｔ，
Ｂｅｉｉｉｒｑ１００７１７，ＣｈｉｎａＩｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｅｅｒｖｉｅｅ
４：＋８６１０６４０１５８８３Ｆａｘ：＋８６１０６４０１６３５０ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｒｅｓｕＲｓａｎｄｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｇｒｏｕｐｓ．
ｎａｉｌ：ｇｅｏ＠ｓｃｉｃｈｉｎａｏｒ９ｃｏｎｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ，ｊｏｂｓａｎｄｒｅｃｒｕｉｔｍｅｎｔ．ｅｔｃ
Ammonia Volatilization and Nitrogen Utilization
Efficiency in Response to Urea Application in Rice
Fields of the Taihu Lake Region, China
作者：LIN De-Xi， FAN Xiao-Hui， HU Feng， ZHAO Hong-Tao， LUO Jia-Fa
作者单位：LIN De-Xi(Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing
210008,China;College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing
Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095,China;College of Resource and
Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou
350007,China)， FAN Xiao-Hui(Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Nanjing 210008,China;Department of Soil and Water Science, Tropical
Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences,
University of Florida, Homestead, FL33031 (USA))， HU Feng(College of Resource
and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing
210095,China)， ZHAO Hong-Tao(Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Nanjing 210008,China)， LUO Jia-Fa(Land and Environmental Management
Group, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton (New
Zealand))
刊名：
土壤圈（意译名）
英文刊名：PEDOSPHERE
年，卷(期)：2007，17(5)
被引用次数：2次
参考文献(20条)
1.Cai G X.Fan X H Soil nitrogen and efficient utilization of nitrogen fertilizers 1998
2.Cai G X.Zhu Z L Evaluation of gaseous nitrogen losses from fertilizers applied to flooded rice fields 1995(z2)
3.Cui Y T.Chen X.Han C N.Li,R.G The economic and ecological satisfactory amount of nitrogen fertilizer using on rice in Tai Lake region[期刊论文]-Acta Ecologica Sinica 2000(04)
4.Cao J L.Tian G G.Ren L T.Cai,Z.C.and He,R.H Ammonia volatilization from urea applied to the field of wheat and rice in southern Jiangsu Province[期刊论文]-Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University 2000(04)
5.FAO Statistical Databases.Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations 2003
6.Fillery R P.De Darta S K Ammonia volatilization from nitrogen volatilization as a N loss mechanism in flooded rice fields 1986
7.Freney J R.Keerthisinghe D G.Chaiwanakupt P.Phongpan,S Use of urease inhibitors to reduce ammonia loss following application of urea to flooded rice fields 1993(01)
8.Freney J R Strategies to reduce gaseous emissions of nitrogen from irrigated agriculture 1997(01)
9.Keeney D R.Sahrawat K L Nitrogen transformations in flooded rice soils 1986(01)
10.Li W B.Wu L S.Liao H Q Application and crop recovery of N fertilizer in high yielding paddy
fields of Taihu region 1997(01)
11.Lu R K Soil Agricultural Chemical Analytical Methods 1999
12.Oliver J G J.Bouwman A F.Van der Hoek K W.Berdowski,J.J.M Global air emission inventories for anthropogenic sources of NOx,NHa and N2O in 1990 1998(z1)
13.Pedrazzini F.Tarsitano R.Nannipieri P The effect of phenyl phosphorodiamidate on urease activity
and ammonia volatilization in flooded rice 1987(03)
14.Phongpan S.Freney J R.Keerthisinghe D G.Chaiwanakupt,P Use of Phenylphosphorodiamidate and N-(n-butyl)thiophosphorictriamide to reduce ammonia loss and increase grain yield following application of urea to flooded rice 1995(01)
15.Soil Survey Staff Keys to Soil Taxonomy 1996
16.Song Y S.Fan X H Nitrogen uptake and its utilization by rice in paddy field of Taihu area[期刊论文]-Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology 2003(11)
17.Song Y S.Fan X H.Lin D X.Yang,L.Z.and Zhou,J.M Investigation on ammonia loss from the flooded rice field in Taihu region and its influencing factors[期刊论文]-Acta Pedologica Sinica 2004(02) 18.Tian G M.Cao J L.Cai Z C.Ren,L.T Ammonia volatilization from wheat field top-dress with urea 1998(04)
19.Xing G X.Zhu Z L An assessment of N loss agricultural fields to the environment in China 2000
20.Xu M G.Zhou C M.Qin D Z The transformation and utilization of nitrogen in the paddy soil with organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer applied 2002(zk)
相似文献(7条)
1.外文期刊LIN De-Xi.FAN Xiao-Hui.HU Feng.ZHAO Hong-Tao.LUO Jia-Fa Ammonia Volatilization and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Response to Urea Application in Rice Fields of the Taihu Lake
Region, China
Ammonia volatilization losses, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and rice yields in response to urea application to a rice field were investigated in Wangzhuang Town, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province, China. The N fertilizer treatments, applied in triplicate, were 0 (control), 100, 200, 300, or 350 kg N ha~(-1). After urea was applied to the surface water, a continuous airflow enclosure method was used to measure ammonia volatilization in the paddy field. Total N losses through ammonia volatilization generally increased with the N application rate, and the two higher N application rates (300 and 350 kg N ha~(-1)) showed a higher ratio of N lost through ammonia volatilization to applied N. Total ammonia loss by ammonia volatilization during the entire rice growth stage ranged from 9.0% to 16.7% of the applied N. Increasing the application rate generally decreased the ratio of N in the seed to N in the plant. For all N treatments, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency ranged from 30.9% to 45.9%. Surplus N with the highest N rate resulted in lodging of rice plants, a decreased rate of nitrogen fertilizer utilization, and reduced rice yields. Calculated from this experiment, the most economical N fertilizer application rate was 227 kg ha~(-1) for the type of paddy soil in the Taihu Lake region. However, recommending an appropriate N fertilizer application rate such that the plant growth is enhanced and ammonia loss is reduced could improve the N utilization efficiency of rice.
2.期刊论文周静.崔键.王国强.何圆球.马友华.Zhou Jing.Cui Jian.Wang Guoqiang.He Yuanqiu.Ma Youhua春秋
季红壤旱地氨挥发对氮施用量、气象因子的响应-土壤学报2007,44(3)
通过红壤旱地种植牧草马唐和蔬菜冬萝卜轮作试验,研究了在春秋二季红壤旱地氨挥发对不同施氮量和气象因子的响应.结果表明,红壤旱地春季牧草实验,氮肥处理N90、N160和N230,氨挥发持续10～17 d,在施肥后6～8 d达到峰值,峰值(扣除对照N0)分别为N 0.11、0.57和1.84 kg hm-2d-1.秋季氮肥处理N70、N130、N190和N250以基肥和以水带肥追施(基/追比为7∶3)氨挥发持续时间均为10～11 d,基肥氨挥发峰值(扣除对照N0)分别为N 0.02、0.05、0.06 kg hm-2d-1和0.09 kg hm-2d-1;追肥氨挥发峰值(扣除对照N0)分别为N 0.05、0.22、0.38 kg hm-2d-1和0.72 kg hm-2d-1.不同施氮处理,春季累计氨挥发量为N 0.67～5.16 kg hm-2,占施入肥料N的0.74%～2.24%;秋季累计氨挥发量为N 0.37～3.04 kg hm-2,占施入肥料N的1.31%～3.69%.红壤旱地春秋二季氨挥发量(y)均随施N量(x)的提高而指数递增,其关系式分别为:y=0.157 6e0.014 6x和y=0.182 6e0.011 2x.显著性检验表明,春秋两季不同施氮量处理之间,土壤氨挥发量及挥发通量差异均达到显著水平.春秋二季基肥氨挥发总量和通量均与气温、气压、蒸发量和土温等环境气象因子有较好的相关性(p＜0.05).
3.外文期刊TIAN GUANGMING.CAO JINLIU.CAI ZUCONG Ammonia volatilization from winter wheat field top-
dressed with urea
Ammonia volatilization was measured with a continuous air flow enclosure method from a winter wheat field in the Experimental Farm of Jurong Agricultural School to investigate its main influencing factors. The experiment with five treatments in triplicate, no N (control), 100, 200 and 300 kg N ha~(-1) with rice straw cover at a rate of 1500 kg ha~(-1) and 200 kg N ha~(-1) without rice straw, started when the winter wheat was sown in 1994. Sixty percent of the total amount of N applied was basal and 40% was top-dressed. The measurement of ammonia volatilization was immediately conducted after urea was top-dressed on soil surface at wheat elongation stage in spring of 1996 and 1997. The results showed that there was a diurnal variation of ammonia volatilization rate from the winter wheat field, which synchronized with air temperature. N losses through ammonia volatilization increased with increasing N application rate, but the ratio of N lost through ammonia volatilization to applied N was not significantly affected by N application rate. The coverage of rice straw had no significant effect on ammonia volatilization. Soil moisture and rain events after urea was top-dressed affected ammonia volatilization significantly.
4.外文期刊Cantarella H.Mattos D.Quaggio JA.Rigolin AT Fruit yield of Valencia sweet orange
fertilized with different N sources and the loss of applied N
Nutrient management recommendations are needed to increase nitrogen uptake efficiency, minimize nutrient losses and reduce adverse effects on the environment. A study of the effects of nitrogen fertilization on N losses and fruit yield of 6-yr-old Valencia sweet orange (Citrus sinensis <LF>(L.) Osb.) on Rangpur lime rootstock (C. limonia Osb.) grove was conducted in an Alfisol in Brazil from 1996 to 2001. Urea (UR) or ammonium nitrate (AN) fertilizers were surface-applied annually at rates of 20, 100, 180, and 260 kg N ha(-1) split into three applications from mid-spring to early fall. A semi-open trapping system, using H3PO4+glycerol-soaked plastic foams, was used for selected treatments in the field to evaluate NH volatilized from applied N fertilizers. Ammonia volatilization reached 26 to 44% of the N applied as UR at the highest rate of N used. Ammonia volatilization losses with AN were lower (4% of the N applied). On the other hand, AN resulted in greater nitrate leaching and greater soil acidification than UR. A marked effect of AN fertilizer on soil pH (CaCl2) in the 0-20 cm depth layer was observed with a decrease of up to 1.7 pH units at the highest N rate. Acidification was followed by a decrease in exchangeable Ca and Mg; consequently, after 5 yr of fertilization with AN, soil base saturation dropped from 77% in the plots treated with 20 kg N ha(-1) per year, to 24% in those that received 260 kg N ha(-1) per year. The effect of N sources on fruit yield varied from year to year. In 2001, for a calculated N application rate of 150 kg ha(-1), the fertilizer efficiency index of UR was 75% of that of AN.
5.外文期刊He ZL.Alva AK.Calvert DV.Banks DJ Ammonia volatilization from different fertilizer
sources and effects of temperature and soil pH
Improved understanding of nitrogen sources, environmental factors, and nitrification effects on NH3, volatilization is needed for optimal management of nitrogen in crop production systems. In the laboratory, a sponge-trapping and KCl-extraction method was modified for measuring NH3 volatilization from different N sources as affected by temperature and soil pH. The kinetics of NH3 volatilization from four N sources surface applied to an Alfisol (a Riviera fine sand, pH 7.9) followed an initial rapidreaction, and then a slow reaction, which was adequately described by a Langmuir kinetic model. The potential maximum NH3 volatilization (qm) under the experimental conditions, as predicted by the Langmuir equation, decreased in the order: NH4HCO3 (23.2% of applied NH4-N) > (NH4)2SO4 (21.7%) > CO(NH2)2 (21.4%) > NH4NO3 (17.6%). With an increase in NH4-N application rate, NH3 volatilization increased significantly for (NH4)2SO4, CO(NH2)2, and NH4HCO3 but decreased for NH4NO3. Ammonia volatilization wasminimal at the initial soil pH of 3.5 and increased rapidly with increasing pH up to 8.5. The potential maximum NH3 volatilization increased by 2 and 3 fold, respectively, with an increase in the incubation temperature from 5 to 25thinoC, and from 25 to45thinoC, respectively. The greatly enhanced NH3 volatilization at 45thinoC, compared with that at 25thinoC, was related to the inhibition of nitrification at the high temperature, which increased the availability of NH4 for NH3 volatilization over a prolonged period of time.
6.外文期刊Liu XJ.Ju XT.Zhang FS.Pan JR.Christie P Nitrogen dynamics and budgets in a winter wheat-
maize cropping system in the North China Plain
Nitrogen dynamics and budgets in a clay loam soil (Meadow Aqualf) in the North China Plain were investigated in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) cropping system comparing the effects of four N rates (0, 120, 240 and 360 ka N ha(-1) as urea) applied twice to each crop over 2 years. Ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) in the soil profile remained at a low and constant level (except in the surface 20 cm layer) following application of fertilizer N. In contrast, nitrate nitrogen (NO3N) levels were significantly altered by the rate of applied N. A strong tendency of NO3-N to move from the surface layer to the lower layers (20-100 cm) was observed during the wheat and maize growth seasons in treatments of 240 and 360 kg N ha(-1) per crop (N240 and N360). The amounts of NO3-N accumulated in the soil profile were significantly higher in N240 and N360 than those in N0 and N120 (treatments receiving 0 and 120 kg N ha(-1) per crop). After 2 years, soil NO3-N levels at 0-300 cm depth in N 120, N240 and N360 amounted to 336, 815 and 1141 kg ha(-1) respectively, with more than half of these amounts distributed in the 100-300 cm layer. The calculated total N balance indicates that most fertilizer N was available as NO3-N in the top 300 cm of the soil profile using traditional fertilization and irrigation practices. Over the subsequent 2 years, N losses were calculated to be relatively low in N120 but significantly higher in N240 and N360. Measured gaseous N losses showed that NH3 volatilization and denitrification comprised only a small fraction of total N losses during the 2-year rotation, while NO3-N leaching from the top 100 cm of the soil profile accounted for most N losses across all N rates and experimental years. The N budget showed that accumulation and/or leaching of NO3-N below 100 cm depth (beyond the reach of most roots) was the main pathway for N losses in the winter wheat-maize cropping system. The recommended N application rate of 120 kg N ha(-1)
7.外文期刊Zhu. J H.Li. X L.Christie. P.Li. J L Environmental implications of low nitrogen use
efficiency in excessively fertilized hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) cropping systems.
A randomized-block greenhouse plot experiment was conducted on N utilization efficiency and N losses in intensive hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) production systems typical of commercial practice in Shouguang, an important vegetable production area in Shandong province, northeast China. Crop yield and N utilization, soil mineral N dynamics and potential nitrate leaching losses were studied in control plots receiving no N fertilizer or organic manure and in experimental plots receiving 0, 600, 1200 or 1800 kg
urea-N ha-1 plus a basal dressing of 15 t ha-1 air-dried poultry manure supplying 178 kg N ha-1. Ammonia volatilization from the soil surface was monitored. A microplot was established in each of the plots receiving 1200 kg urea-N ha-1 (the local average commercial fertilizer N application rate), the urea applied to the microplot was labelled with 10 atom % 15N tracer and residual soil 15N and
15N in harvested plant parts were determined. Previous intensive cropping led to a very high residual soil mineral N content (1117 kg N ha-1) before the experiment began and control plots gave a satisfactory mean fruit yield of 5.7 t DM ha-1 with no significant yield response to applied fertilizer and poultry manure. Only 10% of applied fertilizer N was recovered in the aboveground parts of the crop and about 52% was lost from the soil-plant system. Substantial nitrate leaching losses occurred using the two highest fertilizer N application rates but there was little NH3 volatilization from the soil surface. In a survey of 94 wells in Shouguang, the NO3--N concentrations in water used for drinking and irrigation were determined. Almost half of 94 local wells surveyed had NO3--N concentrations above the USEPA public drinking water maximum contaminant level of 10 mg L-1. The data indicate that N inputs for intensively managed vegetable crops in northeast China should be reduced urgently to maintain crop yields while avoiding serious
long-term environmental damage..
引证文献(2条)
1.胡小凤.王正银.孙倩倩.游媛缓释复合肥料在不同pH值紫色土中氨挥发特性[期刊论文]-农业工程学报 2009(6)
2.李方敏.于广超.樱井雄二控释肥料的环境效应研究进展[期刊论文]-河南农业科学 2008(8)
本文链接：https://www.doczj.com/doc/637282686.html,/Periodical_trq-e200705012.aspx
授权使用：湖南农业大学(wfhnnd)，授权号：7d49c9bf-6928-44c2-be0e-9df700a28721
下载时间：2010年9月20日