全国2011年1月自学考试现代语言学试题
I . Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C,
or D in the brackets. (2% × 10=20% )
1.There is a difference between what we know, which is our linguistic competence, and how we use this knowledge in actual speech production and______, which is our linguistic performance. ( )
A. creation
B. communication
C. comprehension
D. perception
2.The sounds that begin and end the words church
and judge are voiceless and voiced
______,respectively. ( )
A. affricates
B. stops
C. velars
D. palatals
3.Morphemes which represent such grammatical categories as number, tense, gender, and case are called _______ morphemes. ( )
A. free
B. bound
C. derivational
D. inflectional
4.XP may contain more than just X. Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually contain head, ______and complement. ( )
A. modifier
B. determiner
C. qualifier
D. specifier
5. ______ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form while _______ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and non-linguistic world of experience. ( )
A. Reference, sense
B. Sense, referent
C. Sense, reference
D. Referent, sense
6. According to John Austin’s theory of speech act, a(n) ______ act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention. ( )
A. prelocutionary
B. locutionary
C. illocutionary
D. perlocutionary
7. Sound changes may include the loss of a sound or sounds. The so-called apocope refers to the omission of a vowel segment________. ( )
A. in word-initial
B. in word-middle
C. in word-final
D. in syllable-initial
8. In contrast to Standard American English, Black English is the distinct variety of English native to black populations in the USA. We regard Black English as________. ( )
A. a regional dialect
B. a social dialect
C. a situational dialect
D. an ethnic dialect
9. Among the language centers, ______is responsible for physical articulation of utterances. ( )
A. the motor area
B. Broca’s area
C. Wernicke’s area
D. the angular gyrus
10. The language at ________ stage begins to reflect the distinction between sentence-types, such as negative sentences, imperatives, and questions. ( )
A. prelinguistic
B. one-word
C. two-word
D. multiword
II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. ( 1%×10=10% )
11. A is one of the defining properties of human language, which means there is in general no natural relation between meanings and sounds. 12. Among the three branches of phonetics, the study of the physical properties of the streams of sounds produced in speech is known as a phonetics.
13. In using the morphological rules, we must guard against o in that different words may require different affixes to create the same meaning change.
14. Universal Grammar is a set of principles and p of grammar which, according to Chomsky, is inherited genetically by all human beings. 15. The synonyms such as economical, thrifty, and stingy are different in their e meaning.
16. Most of the violations of the four maxims under the Cooperative Principle give rise to conversational i .
17. When there is a need to reduce ambiguity and increase communicative clarity or expressiveness, then rule e occurs.
18. A pidgin is a m language developed as a medium of trade, or through other extended but limited contact, between groups of speakers who have no other language in common.
19. The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain is called 1 .
20. Language acquisition is concerned with language development in humans. Generally speaking, it refers to children’s development of their f language.
III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so. ( 2% × 10=20% )
21. ( ) “There’s a motorcycle coming" is seen as, out of context, a statement that a motorcycle is coming. But in a particular context, it might be a warning to a pedestrian not to step onto a road. When the study of meaning is considered in the context of use, it becomes a branch of linguistics called pragmatics.
22．( )To distinguish between phonemes and phones，linguists use slashes ／／for phonetic segments and square brackets [ ] for phonemic segments．23．( )Prefixes modify the meaning of the stem and also change the part of speech of the original word．
24．( )In addition to sentences and clauses，a syntactic category usually refers to a 1exical category or a phrasal category that performs a particular grammatical function．
25．( )The word“flower”and “flour”，which are identical in sound，but different in spelling and meaning，are homophones．
26．( )As the process of communication is essentially a process of conveying meaning in a certain context，pragmatics can be regarded as a kind of meaning study.
27．( )The meaning representation of words may change，becoming broader, narrower, or shifted．The word knight once meant “youth”，but was elevated in meaning in the age of chivalry；When Juliet tells Romeo，“I’m too fond.”She is not claiming she likes Romeo too much．She means “I am too foolish．”These are two examples of semantic broadening．
28．( ) In sociolinguistics，speech community refers to a group of speakers who constitute a community and share the same language or a particular variety of language．Speakers of English in general might be treated as such a community.
29．( )Generally speaking，the left hemisphere of the brain controls voluntary movements of, and responds to signals from，the right side of the body．
30．( )The optimum age for SLA always accords with the maxim of’“the younger the better”．
IV. Directions: Explanin the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3% × 10=30% )
31.displacement 32.voicing 33.morpheme
34.finite clause https://www.doczj.com/doc/676308030.html,ponential analysis
36.declarations 37.epenthesis
38.speech variety 39.linguistic relativism
40.the nativist view of language acquisition
V. Directions: Answer the following questions.
(10% × 2=20% )
41. What is the distinction between langue and parole? Why did Saussure make such a distinction?
42. What are the differences between sentence meaning and utterance meaning? And give examples to illustrate them.
全国2010年10月自学考试现代语言学试题
I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20% )
1. The purpose of Chomsky’s definition is to focus attention on the purely ______ properties of language, and these properties can be studied from a mathematically precise point of view.
A. lexical
B. grammatical
C. semantic
D. structural
2. We refer to the limited range of sounds as the phonic medium of language and individual sounds within that range as ______.
A. vowels
B. consonants
C. sounds
D. speech sounds
3. A(n) ______ refers to the existing form to which a derivational affix can be added.
A. root
B. stem
C. affix
D. morpheme
4. All sentences in all languages can be represented by constituent structure
trees, and all have syntactic rules that determine the linear order of words and their ______ structure.
A. linear
B. hierarchical
C. constituent
D. syntactic
5. In semantic analysis of a sentence, a(n) ______ is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element in a sentence. （）
A. argument
B. subject
C. object
D. predicate
6. Speaker A: Can you answer the telephone?
Speaker B: I’m in the bath.
Speaker B is violating the maxim of ______.（）
A. quantity
B. quality
C. relation
D. manner
7. New words may be formed from existing words by the removal of a suffix thought to be part of the old word. Such a process is called ______, e.g., caretake from caretaker.
A. back-formation
B. clipping
C. blending
D. abbreviating
8. It is insulting to a woman to be called a spinster, but it is not insulting to a man to be called a bachelor. There is nothing inherently ______ about the word spinster. The connotations reflect the sexist views society has about an unmarried woman as opposed to an unmarried man.
A. important
B. unusual
C. pejorative
D. commendatory
9. Human linguistic ability depends primarily on human ______. （）
A. brain
B. vocal cords
C. tongue
D. articulatory organs
10. In the ______ stage, children begin to produce longer utterances with more complex grammatical structures. （）
A. prelinguistic
B. one-word
C. two-word
D. multi-word
Ⅱ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter
given. ( 1%×10=10% )
11. D linguistics is the systematic description and elucidation of all linguistic changes through time. It studies the historical development of language over a period of time. For example, a study of the changes English has undergone since the time of Shakespeare would be a diachronic study. 12. The phonemes of a language cannot be strung together in any random order to form words. The phonological system determines which phonemes can begin a word, end a word, and follow each other, in other words, there are s rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language.
13. Morphology can be divided into two sub-branches: inflectional morphology and d morphology.
14. Syntax consists of a set of abstract rules that allow words to be combined with other words to form grammatical sentences. It is universally found that syntactic rules comprise a speaker’s system of i linguistic knowledge known as linguistic competence.
15. Pairs of words which exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the lexical items are called r opposites.
16. Pragmatics and semantics are both linguistic studies of m , but what distinguishes them is whether the context of use is considered.
17. In Old English the word order is different from that of Modern English, and there are two negatives, “ne”(“not”) and “n?fre”(“not”+“ever”=“never”). So d rule is one of the grammatical rules in Old English.
18. When a pidgin comes to be adopted by a community as its native tongue and is learned by children as their first language, it becomes c .
19. The c age for the acquisition of the first language coincides with the period of brain lateralization.
20. In second language learning, instrumental motivation occurs when the learner’s goal is f , and integrative motivation occurs when the
learner’s goal is social.
III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. （2%×10=20% ）
21.（）Language is arbitrary by nature. And it is entirely arbitrary.
22.（）In producing stops or plosives, the obstruction created by the
speech organs is total or complete, with the obstruction audibly
released and the air passing out again, such as English stops [p]
and [t] in pit. In producing [p] and [t] the flow of air is blocked
through the mouth only.
23.（）From the semantic point of view, the meaning of a compound is
always perceived from the meanings of its components.
24.（）According to the “principles-and-parameters”theory,
“principles”refer to highly abstract properties of grammar
which are applied to language in general and which generate
phrases and at the same time restrain the power of Move a, while
“parameters”allow general principles to operate in certain
restricted ways, according to which particular grammars of
natural languages vary.
25.（）In discussing the sense relations between sentences, Y is a
prerequisite of X. So if Y is true, X must be true.
26.（）According to Austin’s classification of perlocutionary acts, speech
acts fall into five general categories, which are representatives,
directives, commissives, expressives and decalrations.
27.（）For some speakers of American English, the word ask is
pronounced [?ks], but the word asking is pronounced [?skI?]. It
is interesting that in Old English the verb ask was aksian, with
the/k/preceding the/s/. This means that a historical metathesis
rule switched these two consonants, producing ask in most
dialects of English. Metathesis is the phonological process that
reorders segments, often by transposing two adjoining sound
segments.
28.（）Language varieties may be standard and nonstandard. Nonstandard
varieties are regarded as substandard languages. Only standard
varieties are regarded as the only correct, logical and pure, and
are effective in expressing ideas in communication.
29.（）Language is the only means of expressing thought.
30.（）The Error Analysis approach shows that there are striking
similarities in the ways in which different L2 learners acquire a
new language.
Ⅳ. Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3%×10=30% )
31. descriptive linguistics 32. diphthong 33. morphological rules 34. case condition 35. collocational synonyms 36. declarations
37. Grimm’s Law 38. registers 39. language centers 40. formal instruction V. Directions: Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20% )
41. Explain syntactic movement, NP-movement and WH-movement with examples.
42. Explain the term “euphemism”with examples. Describe the use of euphemisms in social communication. What will result in euphemistic clichés?
全国 2018 年 1 月自学考试现代语言学试题 课程代码： 00830 I . Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. ( 2%×10=20% ) 1. The language behavior of particular persons on particular occasions is determined by many other factors over and above their linguistic ______. () A. system B. structure C. competence D. performance 2. When we pronounce the long vowels [i:] or [u:], our ______, which is a bony structure at the end of the windpipe, is in a state of tension. () A. larynx B. hard palate C. glottis D. vocal cords 3. The word “ manuscript ” is a two-morpheme cluster which contains ______. () A. two roots B. a root and a prefix C. a root and a suffix D. a root and a free morpheme 4. The grammatical knowledge is represented through Phrase Structure Rules,which state explicitly all and only the possible combinations of the ______ of a language, for example, in English, NP→ ( Det ) (Adj) N (PP) (S).) A. phrases B. clauses C. sentences D. constituents 5. The view that the meaning of a linguistic form is defined as the“ situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer ” was proposed by ______. () A. Plato B. Ogden and Richards C. John Firth D. Bloomfield 6. According to John Austin's theory of speech act, a(n) ______ act is the change brought about by the utterance. () 1
自考《现代语言学》复习讲义 一、常考题型 1.填空 2.单项选择 3.判断正误 4.解释词语并举例说明 对名词解释并举一两个例子进行说明 5.回答问题 做题要求：用英文进行答题。 二、各章节学习要点 Chapter 1 Introduction （绪论） 1.What is linguistics? 1.1 Definition （语言学的定义） P.1 Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. Linguistics studies not any particular language, e.g., English, Chinese, Arabic, and Latin, but in language in general. 1.2 The Scope of linguistics （语言学的研究范畴） P.2—4 The study of language as a whole is often called general linguistics(普通语言学).This deals with the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study, in contrast to those branches of study which relate linguistics to the research of other areas. Main branches of linguistics 语言学的主要分支： 1）phonetics（语音学） 2)phonology （音系学） 3)morphology （形态学） 4)syntax （句法学） 5)semantics （语义学） 6)pragmatics （语用学） The study of all these aspects of language forms the core of linguistics.
04年10月自考现代语言学试题(1) 课程代码：00830 ⅰ.directions: read each of the following statements carefully. decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter a,b,c or d in the brackets.(2%×10=20%) uses the term ( ) to refer to the actual realization of a language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication. a. langue b. competence c. parole d. performance terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds share the feature of ( ). a. palatal b. alveolar c. bilabial d. dental generative grammar was introduced by ( ) in 1957. a. l. bloomfield b. f. saussure c. n. chomsky a. k. halliday languages are viewed to vary according to ( ) set on ug principles to particular values. a. adjacent condition b. parameters c. case condition d. case requirement
自学考试《现代语言学》模拟试题及答案2017 2017 年自学备考正在开展中，考生们要扎扎实实地复习，一步一步地前进，以下是搜索整理的一份《现代语言学》模拟试题及答案，供参考练习，希望对大家有所帮助!想 了解更多相关信息请持续关注我们! I .Multiple Choice Directions:Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2% x 10=20%) 1. The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___.( ) A. gradable opposites B.relational opposites C.co-hyponyms D.synonyms 2. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar .( ) A. Jacob Grimm B.Rasmus Rask C.Franz Bopp D.Sir William Jones 3. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.( ) A.unusual B.something to be feared C.abnormal D.natural 4. __produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.( ) A.Broca's aphasic B.The linguistic deprivation C.The damage on the angular gyrus D.Wernicke's aphasic 5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night ” as “light ”.This shows: .( ) A. They cannot pronounce/n/ B. Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongue C. The teachers do not have a good teaching method D. They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds 6. A word with several meanings is called __word.( ) A.a polysemous B.a synonymous C.an abnormal D.a multiple 7. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it? ” is __.( ) https://www.doczj.com/doc/676308030.html,rmative B.phatic C.directive D.performative
现代语言学试题 题型举例 Ⅰ. Define the following terms, giving examples for illustration (20%; 5 terms ): 1.duality----- 2.free morpheme---- 3.phonology ------ 4.context------- 5.polysemy ------ Ⅱ. Indicate the following statements true or false (20%; 20 statements): ( )1. While language is arbitrary by nature, it is not entirely arbitrary. ( )2. Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studies the sentence pattern of a language. ( )3. Phonemes are the smallest meaningful unit of language. ( )4. Modern linguists regard the written language as primary, not the spoken. ( )5. English is a typical tone language. Ⅲ. Fill each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given (20%; 20 blanks): 1. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the a_________ of that phoneme. 2. A linguistic study is d___________ if it describes and analyses facts observed; it is p___________ if it tries to lay down rules for correct behavior. 3. Competence is the ideal language user’s knowledge of his l____________, while p____________ is the actual realization of this knowledge in utterances. 4. The two subtypes of affixes are p____________ and s_____________. 5. The description of a language at some point in time is a s______________ study. 6. P_______________ can be defined as the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication. 7. The notion of c______________ is essential to the pragmatic study of language.
全国2006年10月高等教育自学考试 现代语言学试题 课程代码：0830 Ⅰ.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%) 1．Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing, which is a feature of（） A．all consonants B．vowels only C．all consonants and some vowels D．all vowels and some consonants 2．The negative prefix“ in-”in English, when added to the adjective “possible”, is actually pronounced/im/,and spelt as “im”. This is the result of the ______________rule at work. （） A．deletion B．assimilation C．phonetic D．sequential 3．The word “ecology” is a two-morpheme cluster that contains_______________.（）A．two roots B．a root and a suffix C．a root and a free morpheme D．a prefix and a root 4．When we move the adverbial phrase “every day” in the sentence “Every day, we study English” to the end of the sentence, we are now ______________ the phrase to the right.（）A．rewriting B．preposing C．postposing D．maintaining 5．Antonyms are divided into several kinds .Which of the following is NOT a kind of antonyms? （） A．complementary B．relational C．superordinate D．gradable 6．In terms of predication analysis , the utterance“ Is it going to snow this afternoon?” is a______________（） A．one-place predication B．two-place predication C．three-place predication D．no-place predication 7．In Old English, word order was freer because the case endings were rich. So in Old English, word orders included SVO, VSO, SOV and OSV. However, Modern English has a much weaker case system, so its sentences have to follow a basic word order of________________.
2011年10月现代语言学自考试题 全国2011年10月自考 现代语言学试题 课程代码:00830 I .Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. ( 2% 10=20% ) 1.Often referred to as a design feature of language, ________ enables speakers to produce and understand an infinite number of sentences that they have neither spoken nor heard before. ( ) A.duality B.productivity C.displacement D.arbitrariness 2.________ phoneticians study speech sounds from the speaker’s point of view.They study the process of how a speaker uses his/her speech organs to produce sounds.( ) A.Articulatory B.Auditory C.Acoustic D.General 3.Morphemes such as -er, -en, in-are all called ________.( ) A.free morphemes B.inflectional morphemes
全国2010年10月自学考试现代语言学试题 I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20% ) 1. The purpose of Chomsky’s definition is to focus attention on the purely ______ properties of language, and these properties can be studied from a mathematically precise point of view. A. lexical B. grammatical C. semantic D. structural 2. We refer to the limited range of sounds as the phonic medium of language and individual sounds within that range as ______. A. vowels B. consonants C. sounds D. speech sounds 3. A(n) ______ refers to the existing form to which a derivational affix can be added. A. root B. stem C. affix D. morpheme 4. All sentences in all languages can be represented by constituent structure trees, and all have syntactic rules that determine the linear order of words and their ______ structure. A. linear B. hierarchical C. constituent D. syntactic 5. In semantic analysis of a sentence, a(n) ______ is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element in a sentence. （） A. argument B. subject C. object D. predicate 6. Speaker A: Can you answer the telephone? Speaker B: I’m in the bath. Speaker B is violating the maxim of ______.（） A. quantity B. quality C. relation D. manner 7. New words may be formed from existing words by the removal of a suffix thought to be part of the old word. Such a process is called ______, e.g., caretake from caretaker. A. back-formation B. clipping C. blending D. abbreviating 8. It is insulting to a woman to be called a spinster, but it is not insulting to a man to be called a bachelor. There is nothing inherently ______ about the word spinster. The connotations reflect the sexist views society has about an unmarried woman as opposed to an unmarried man. A. important B. unusual C. pejorative D. commendatory 9. Human linguistic ability depends primarily on human ______. （） A. brain B. vocal cords C. tongue D. articulatory organs 10. In the ______ stage, children begin to produce longer utterances with more complex grammatical structures. （） A. prelinguistic B. one-word C. two-word D. multi-word Ⅱ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. ( 1%×10=10% ) 11. D linguistics is the systematic description and elucidation of all linguistic changes through time. It studies the historical development of language over a period of time. For example, a study of the changes English has undergone since the time of Shakespeare would be a diachronic study. 12. The phonemes of a language cannot be strung together in any random order to form words. The phonological system determines which phonemes can begin a word, end a word, and follow each other, in other words, there are s rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language. 13. Morphology can be divided into two sub-branches: inflectional morphology and d morphology. 14. Syntax consists of a set of abstract rules that allow words to be combined with other words to form grammatical sentences. It is universally found that syntactic rules comprise a speaker’s system of i linguistic knowledge known as linguistic competence. 15. Pairs of words which exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the lexical items are called r opposites. 16. Pragmatics and semantics are both linguistic studies of m , but what distinguishes them is whether the context of use is considered.
全国2019年10月高等教育自学考试 现代语言学试题 课程代码：00830 Ⅰ.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%) 1.Chomsky uses the term ( ) to refer to the actual realization of a language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication. A. langue B. competence C. parole D. performance 2.In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of ( ). A. palatal B. alveolar C. bilabial D. dental 3.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by ( ) in 1957. A. L. Bloomfield B. F. Saussure C. N. Chomsky D.M. A. K. Halliday 4.Natural languages are viewed to vary according to ( ) set on UG principles to particular values. A. Adjacent Condition B. parameters C. Case Condition D. Case requirement 5. Synonyms are classified into several kinds. The kind to which“girl”and“lass” belong is called ( ) synonyms. A. stylistic B. dialectal C. emotive D. collocational 6. The illocutionary point of ( ) is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance. A. representatives B. commissives C. expressives D. declaratives 7. Modern English words man, woman, child, eat, fight, ect. originate from ( ). A. Middle English B. Old English C. French D. Norman French 8. In a diglossic country, the two diglossic forms of a language are generally two varieties of the same language, but there are situations in which the H-variety may have no ( ) relationship with the L-variety. 1
??????????????????????精品自学考试资料推荐?????????????????? 全国 2019 年 10 月高等教育自学考试 现代语言学试题 课程代码： 00830 Ⅰ.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2% ×10=20%) 1.Chomsky uses the term ( ) to refer to the actual realization of a language user ’ s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication. A. langue B. competence C. parole D. performance 2.In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of ( ). A. palatal B. alveolar C. bilabial D. dental 3.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by ( ) in 1957. A. L. Bloomfield B. F. Saussure C. N. Chomsky D.M. A. K. Halliday 4.Natural languages are viewed to vary according to ( ) set on UG principles to particular values. A. Adjacent Condition B. parameters C. Case Condition D. Case requirement 5. Synonyms are classified into several kinds. The kind to which “ girl ”and“ lass ” belong is called ( ) synonyms. A. stylistic B. dialectal C. emotive D. collocational 6. The illocutionary point of ( ) is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance. A. representatives B. commissives C. expressives D. declaratives 7. Modern English words man, woman, child , eat, fight, ect. originate from ( ). A. Middle English B. Old English C. French D. Norman French 8. In a diglossic country, the two diglossic forms of a language are generally two varieties of the same language, but there are situations in which the H-variety may have no ( ) relationship with the L-variety. 1
现代语言学自考题-3 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、{{B}}PART ONE{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00) 二、{{B}}Ⅰ{{/B}}(总题数：10，分数：20.00) 1.A linguistic theory is constructed about what ______ is and how it works. ? A. langue ? B. linguist ? C. language ? D. learning （分数：2.00） A. B. C. √ D. 解析：[解析] 语言的研究过程可以总结为：首先，要观察某些语言材料，从而发现一些共性并对其加以总结；其次，根据这些总结提出一些假设来解释这些语言材料，然后再通过进一步的观察来验证这些假设的正确性；最后建立一套语言学理论来说明语言的本质内容以及这些语言是如何发挥作用的。 2.We refer to the limited range of sounds as the phonic medium of language and individual sounds within that range as ______. ? A. vowels ? B. consonants ? C. sounds ? D. speech sounds （分数：2.00） A. B. C. D. √ 解析：[解析] 在语言交际中占有一席之地、由人类的发音器官所发出来的声音在数量上是有限的。这些范围有限，但对人类交际活动意义重大、对语言学研究价值不菲的声音就是语言的音响媒介，凡是在这个范围内的每个单个的声音都叫做语音。 3.The basic unit in the study of morphology is ______. ? A. the internal structure ? B. morpheme ? C. the rules by which words are formed ? D. word
全国2018年10月高等教育自学考试 现代语言学试题 课程代码：00830 Ⅰ.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%) 1．Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing, which is a feature of（） A．all consonants B．vowels only C．all consonants and some vowels D．all vowels and some consonants 2．The negative prefix“ in-”in English, when added to the adjective “possible”, is actually pronounced/im/,and spelt as “im”. This is the result of the ______________rule at work.（） A．deletion B．assimilation C．phonetic D．sequential 3．The word “ecology” is a two-morpheme cluster that contains_______________.（） A．two roots B．a root and a suffix C．a root and a free morpheme D．a prefix and a root 4．When we move the adverbial phrase “every day” in the sentence “Every day, we study English” to the end of the sentence, we are now ______________ the phrase to the right.（） A．rewriting B．preposing C．postposing D．maintaining 5．Antonyms are divided into several kinds .Which of the following is NOT a kind of antonyms?（）A．complementary B．relational C．superordinate D．gradable 6．In terms of predication analysis , the utterance“ Is it going to snow this afternoon?” is a______________（）A．one-place predication B．two-place predication C．three-place predication D．no-place predication 7．In Old English, word order was freer because the case endings were rich. So in Old English, word orders included SVO, VSO, SOV and OSV. However, Modern English has a much weaker case system, so its sentences have to follow a basic word order of________________. （） A．SOV B．SVO C．VSO D．OSV 1