高等院校研究生综合英语系列教材多维多维教程教程熟谙熟谙(
(下)----最齐全的课后练习答案最齐全的课后练习答案（unit1-unit7unit1-unit7）
）文案介绍：
此文档分为3个内容：（共30页）
一、为7个单元的总体课后答案，正常字体版。排版规则为每个题型整体排列。例如：改错部分为7个单元的改错总结，翻译、选择、完形都是如此。大家仔细观察一下就会明白。
二、为7个单元的缩小版，字号为（数字的）6号字，也是7个单元的答案。让大家省了缩印的功夫。
三、挑选的2篇作文，虽然碰到的几率性不大，但是也算自己做的一次总结，需要的同学也可以看下。
此为彩印版，答案都做了重点强调，这样观看阅读的时候会比较有调理，需要此文档的同学酌情下载。
附：此文档是本人幸幸苦苦排列出来的，具有原创性，所以售价为20财富值，希望大家不要嫌多，另外，本人也上传了高等院校研究生综合英语系列教材综合教程(上)--最齐全的课后练习答案,也就是研究生第一学期的课后，此次为第二学期的，希望大家不要弄混，需要第一期答案的直接搜上面的这个标题。谢谢大家！
Unit one
Vocabulary and Structure
B choose a word or a phrase from the indicated paragraph to fill in each of the following blanks. Change the word form where necessary.(para....)
1.The race was her last chance to win a place in the national team so everything was at stake
sell their house in order to pay their debts.
3.The government needs to find out is before it introduces any further changes in the health service.
4.Not being a specialist in the subject I answer such questions.
5.I have failed to pass the examinations again and again.Why is success always beyond my grasp
6.They were forced to production for lack of raw materials.
7.We missed the last bud so there was no choice to walk home.
8.A such disadvantages is clearly exceptional.
9.They and the accumulation of their wealth.
by the English Channel and Canada bounds the United States on the
1、No matter how good a company is,it is the markets perception that counts.
2、Chief executives are given responsibility and effective leadership can make a difference in organizational performance.
3、A number of studies have indicated that effective leadership can make a difference in organizational performance.
4、The Internet boom is creating new opportunities for,advertising,and design experts.
5、Company leaders cannot expect too severe punishment if their strategies fail to deliver.
6、If the company financial health is good and its assets sufficient,it can create capital by voting to issue additional shares of common stock.
7、It is said that frequent transitions form cold to warm weather this spring have caused much illness.
8、The word dilemma is used to indicate that the fungus is both helpful and harmful in its effects.
9、Rivalry in business is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background.
10、The government provides employment and training services for workers,and compensation for those who are temporarily out of work.
11、Bely is at football,he attracts fans of all ages and all races.二单元
12、These original documents are invaluable to the company and they should be well preserved.
1,Hotels and restaurants are an integral part of the city;without them,the city’s tourist industry could not exist.
2,Customers will come back,later in life,when they are better off and want to buy more expensive things.
3,One of the most impressive projects he has seen in Pudong is the airport.
4,Mexico City is at an elevation of7,300feet;three million vehicles clog its streets and in the thin air,engines release twice as many emissions as they would at sea level.
5,By1988roughly the same large proportion of blacks as of whites lived in metropolitan areas.
6,Heavy floods caused by deforestation have recently led Thailand to ban all logging even though the country depends on timber and its products as an important source of employment and foreign exchange. 7,People in the middle class or higher,whether they live in developed or less developed countries,are mostly urban,and they are they are on move by car incessantly—as commuters,as vacationers.
8,No matter how often we reminded our children,they never cleaned their rooms;the culture in the room became so bad that we couldn’t even open their door.
9,Our university canteen is large enough to accommodate all the students and teaching staff.
10,During the Second World War,many jewish people n Germany were displaced and murdered. Unit3
1.One of the worst crimes in war is to give one of your own people away to the enemy.
2.The students are really their studies now that the examinations are near.
3.The director said that what he was really dreaming of was a company of actors all imbued with the same spirit.
4.Voters tend to identify the Party unfair treatment of poorer and weaker member of society, which is unfortunate.
5.The company has risen above i ts early problems,and is now doing well.
6.It used to be a matter of honor among schoolboys that the guilty member of the class would own up and so save the others from punishment.
7.We have to allow for the possibility that we might not finish the project on schedule.
8.I haven’t been abroad for more than five years,so I think I’ll treat myself to a holiday in Spain next year.
9.situation is one where everyone is trying to get the best they can for themselves,not caring about what happens to anyone else.
10.You can buy medicine to cure your headache over the counter at many shops.Unit7
C In the following sentences,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word in the brackets.
1.I was dismayed at the thought of teaching algebra and geometry——two subjects at which I had been
2.If the hitch-hiker in the US will remember that he is seeking the of drivers to give him a free ride,and is prepared to give in exchange entertainment and company,and not to go to sleep,he will come across the remarkable,almost legendary,hospitality of the American of the West.
3.The countryside was,in fact,famous for the abundance and variety of it's bird life,and when the flood
of pouring through in spring and autumn people traveled from great distances to observer them.
4.One question that was solemnly studied in all concerned the action of the referee ——Did he act in time to stop the fight?
5.The human brain is the mose delicate and(complexity)mechanism in all creation and it has a lacework of millions of highly fragile nerve connections.
6.Telephone may create unnecessary anxiety,as when you wait for an expected
call that doesn't come;or irritating delay,as when you keep ringing a number that is
(engage).
7.Winners care about the world and its peoples.They are not isolated from the general problems of
society.They are improving the quality of life.
8.There's general feelin0g that the president has（tolerable)of corruption.
9."Did you apply for that job?"——"well,I was in the end I decide not to."
10.The problems of poverty,homelessness and unemployment are
1.If something is of should rather than it you by someone else.
2.They believed there links between poverty,environmental degradation and military activity.
3.Although his official powers,the ex-president still has a lot of influence.
4.Whether the job has involved producing the Collins Concise Dictionary,teaching as an academic at Victoria University in wellington,New Zealand,or writing magazine columns and speaking on radio,Professor Gordon has never lost his delight in the nuances of the language.
5.Marriages based on love,rather than the arranged version,have become popular in countryside.
6.If you have a you worry about people who are poor,ill,old,etc.and try to help them.
7.sports,art and television are becoming more popular than ever before.
8.We live in society which views success primarily in terms of material possessions.
9.All experts agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully the risks and benefits.
10.Japanese people made him a likely choice as ambassador.
D Error detection and correction
interest the public took in the matter,there must be quite a few people who secretly believe or hope that this"simple"explanation in the true one.
2.According to Time magazine,a conference was held recently participants tried to come up with an appropriate name for the age we live in.
3.Creating and maintaining a culture is the aim of science management,and it involves
tending to both the intellectual institutional conditions of basic research.
4.Now there is a lot of people who uphold the truth of old weather rhymes and
people who are reluctant to
5.Primarily,the banker-customer relationship and creditor——who is which depending on whether the customer's or is overdrawn.
6.Teenagers'acceptance of the idea that the y college degree stems partly from the advice they get in high school.
has found that students with a C average in high school were six times
as drop out of college as those with an A average.
8.Piling up debts from student loans hurts those who never finish college or who finish but
9.However,their ultimate success will require improvements in their academic
in the schools and colleges.
10.There must surely be many more effective way of assessing a person's true abilities.
scripts and new stars that(C)catch the public imagination(D).
2.One reason why science is so respected these days is that(A)the image of the scientist is of one who(B)dispassionately collects data in(C)an impartial search for(C)truth.
3.Burdened with(A)a population that is aging quickly(B),eating badly,smoking too much,not taking enough exercise(C)and suffering the consequence,Japan's national health service is on the brink of
(D)bankruptcy.
4.During the first year of his coalition government,Mr Jospin who made honesty(A)a central theme(B)of his campaign has appeared repeatedly to have gone back on(C)his word(D).
5.The theatre is mainly concentrated in(A)London,where there are at least forty theatres functioning(B)and a successful play can continue to run(C)for many months or even(D)years.
6.Daniel Yankelovich,a prominent(A)opinion researcher,considers the most distinctive(B)change in American values of the last twenty years to have been(C)an increasing emphasis on(D)the pursuit of self-fulfillment.
7.No one would object to seeing(A)these problems solved(B)if the solutions were simple and inexpensive of(C)effort and if we were fully in accord on(D)social goals.
8.Faced with(A)rapid change and fear and uncertainty to go with it(B),individuals as well as(C) nations sometimes seek to return to the ways of the past as a solution(D).
9.The Great Society Democratic coalition was built from the top among the best educated and those most committed to expanding(A)individual rights,and form the bottom among those with the lowest incomes(B)and disadvantaged minority(C)voters who faced(D)widespread discrimination.
10.The crowd,anxiously awaiting(A)the arrival of the soccer team,pressed against(B)the fence separating(C)then from the playing field(D).Unit2
1,It is absurd to spend more money on highways(A),The wise solution for(B)C overcrowded roads is(D)public transportation.
2,Americans have not thought(A)their cities B worthy of(C)receiving financial support from the federal government(D).
3,Mr.Fleming was surprised to see me A sitting behind his desk,He gave me a startled(B)look,then smiled and said,“I didn’t(C)know you were in town(D)”
4,His behavior became more and more unusual until(A),just as(B)his family was on the verge of(C) sending him to a mental hospital,he had D recovered.
5,Cancer(A)of the mouth and throat is more likely(B)to occur in(C)heavy smokers and drinkers than D in nonsmokers and nondrinkers.
6,When people understand the importance of work,they lend their mental strengths(A).But when they get excited about（B）the work,all their energy gets(C)D poured into the job.
7,Public opinion is still largely(A)B unaware of or indifferent to(C)the need to preserve rare species, whether(D)for cultural or for scientific reasons.
8,The exponential growth of population and its attendant assault on(A)the environment is(B)so C recent that it is difficult for people to conceive how much(D)damage is being done.
9,Because migration on a scale(A)large enough(B)to alleviate the pressure is C out of the question,there are no other possibilities(D).
10,The fundamental problem is that no one,not doctors(A),or social workers or even addicts themselves, really B understands what(C)it is that(D)drives a person to addiction.Unit3
1The greater the reputation(A)of the business school,the greater the risk that(B)its graduates C.will rely on management theory(D)instead of personal creativity.
2Among men,the typical worker between the ages(A)45and54has been(B)with his(C)present employer12years and about a third D.have been there20years or more.
3Form the viewpoint of the insured(A)person,an insurable risk is one(B)C.for which the probability of loss is not so high as to(D)require excessive premiums(保险费）.
4The software is ideal for situations where(A)companies need to keep an accurate track of B.which members of the staff have taken courses and how they(C)perform on themselves(D).
5The absolute increase in population,A.coupled with such trends as(B)urbanization and greater mobility,clearly presents(C)serious threats,especially for the less developed(D)countries.
6The great American supermarket is a wonderful place with A.a much greater variety of healthy food(B)than(C)has ever been(D)available before.
7Witnesses(A)from the neighborhood B.find it difficult to explain why(C)they didn't call(D)the police.
8A.Acquiring education is the principal way of gaining(B)status in a culture that(C)generally stresses skillfulness and upward(D)mobility.
9With the doctor's(A)encouragement,the patient took heart(B)and pulled C.himself together to follow the doctor's advice(D).
10The purpose of much of(A)the current(B)zoological research is to find ways to preserve C.endangered animals whose species(D)are on the edge of extinction.Unit5
1That being said(A)the new means(B)of broadcasting and communicating throughout the world
complexity of television even further(D).
for example(A),have a death rate nearly three times mere than
represent a third of all suicides(C)and are seen times more
accidents.
3As with(A)any isolated and community the agricultural village was(C)often the object of a fierce(D)
4As one of the researchers tomato program(B)，I use genetic(C)engineering techniques to make certain types of fungi(D).
5The writer has a vague impression(A)of what he wants to say,but has not,either from lack of(B)mental power or from laziness,exactly formulated it in his mind and it is natural enough that he should not(C)
find a precise expression for a
6In theory(A),the building down(B)，by the government ensues that the houses are safe
from fires,but themselves could be introducing(D)a new hazard which has little or nothing to do burns.
7Despite(A)the presumption too many Americans are not working hard enough，Americans responded to their changing(C)fortunes(D)by working much harder.
8Many forms(A)of apparatus have been devised more accurate knowledge(C)of blood pressure can be obtained(D).
9Sall proved beyond(A)a reasonable doubt that man is capable of curing all of his ills(B)once he
all his efforts into the task at hand(D).
10Research by(A)A.T Kearney,an American management consultancy,into market leaders in China suggests that the successful companies have tended to be those that(B)have thought big(C)and tried to
grab the national market for their main product as possible.Unit6
1.It is required by law that a husband has to pay the debts of his wife until formal notice is given that he no longer has to pay themd D
2.Much as A I have traveled,I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness,whatever the job.
3.Einstein’s advocacy of civil disobedience and public encouragement of people to refuse conscription
did little to to his colleagues.
4.According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics,high-technology firms are those companies whose
research and development expenditures and employees are twice as great as the average for all manufacturing firms.
5.The text and dialoguer below focus on cultural differences between Chinese and Western societies
which can create misunderstanding
6.Although we arrived at roughly the same conclusion,Mr.Sanders saw the thing quite
from the way I saw it.
7.The problem of making a the presence of objects in different places such as steps of the staircase has already been solved.
8.Without a degree and with no experience of doing office work,the young nab was fit to be a secretary than any of us.
9.One sign that she is making progress in art courses such as painting or photography is she begins to realize how much there is to learn.
10.Since I once learned English in Canada and later on visited Canada a number of times,my colleagues and the university students have been asking me again and again about the characteristics of Canadian English.(对)unit7
E choose an appropriate word from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each word can be used only ONCE.Change the word form where necessary.(完形填空)
high-school seniors are plan to do say that they
bachelor's degree.They have been told that has only"one way to win"—
least a bachelor's degree,in the hope that it to a professional job.
In a high-school seniors conducted by the National Center
Statistics,85percent of the respondents to get a bachelor's
years ago only45per cent of on to college,today68per cent actually ,with the majority enrolling in four-year or two-years programs designed to allow them to
to four-year institutions.
According to conventional wisdom,the rapid in of is cause for
national celebration.But our research suggests may be concern.Why? Because for many young people,the"one way win their academic
talents and the labor-market projections.Students top third of their high-school too often fail to enroll in college.The cost of such
in both dollars and rising and beginning to erode public
our system of higher
In1993,Haiuo Naito took over as president form his father.Before that,he five-year strategic planing committee.During that time,he had focus on the
discovery and manufacture of pharmaceuticals was not for long-term
large,global competitors.Two years after a radical new for
Eosai that he called Human company's
treatments for to of life,To
developed a wide turn,would
commitment.He an
would be accepted and for130additional HHC projects and by the end of has fifth place in the
pharmaceutical industry,and Eisai's customers the company sa a leader Unit220空
Today it can be said that wheels run America.The four rubber tires of the
through work and pay.Wheels spin,and people off to their jobs.Tires turn,and people shop for
the weeks food at the big the Hubcaps whirl,and the whole family spends a day at the lake.Each year the highways as10million new cars roll out of the
factories.of every six at assembling cars,driving trucks,building roads,or
pumping gas.It’s unthinkable.
But even though of Americans would find it hard life would be like
without a car,some automobile is a Traffic accidents are increasing steadily,and large traffic congestion.Worst of all,perhaps,is the air
pollution caused by the Every car engine of gallons of fuel
each year and pumps hundreds of pounds of the smog Some of these gases
are poisonous and health,with a weak heart or a respiratory disease.
One answer to the problem of air pollution is to build a car that does not pollute.That’s
major automobile manufactures are trying to do.a clean car is easier said So far, progress has been slow.Another solution is car the internal-combustion engine.Inventors are now working as well as on cars powered by steam and But most of us won’t cars run on batteries or boiling water for a while yet.Many believe that it will take years to develop that are powered by electricity or steam.Unit3(1)20空
Children are now leaving home in late adolescence～an earlier age than in the past.Adolescents are no longer involved in making an economic contribution to the family.In fact,their major economic impact is as consumers.Therefore,the family has little reason to keep the child home as an economic contribution.It is becoming increasingly common for young people to leave home for college or to live with someone else when they become employed.Not only do family have fewer children but they have them in school and out of the home at younger ages than in the past.
The most surprising findings with regard to children show a negative impact an marriage due to children。There has been much evidence that children contribute to greater conflict and uncertainty in a marriage.Studies show that general life satisfaction is the highest for people when they are young married,and childless.Other studies show that American couples with children at home tend to have lower marital satisfaction than those without children.For both men an women,reports of happiness and satisfaction drop——and don't rise again until the children are grown and about to leave the nest. unit4(1)15空
In the world's rich countries,when you retire at65you can expect to live,on average,for another15or 20years.A hundred years ago you would,on average,have been already(1)dead.The late20th century has(2)brought to many the ultimate gift:the luxury of aging.But(3)like any luxury,aging is (4)https://www.doczj.com/doc/635707604.html,ernments are fretting about(苦恼）the(5)cost already;but they also know that far (6)worse is to come:Over the next30or40years,the demographic changes of longer lives and fewer(7)
will force most countries to rethink in fundamental ways their arrangements for(8)paying for and looking after older people.
In199018%of people in OECD countries were(9)aged over60.By2030that(10)figure will have risen to over30%.The(11)share of the"Oldest old"(those over80),now around3%,it set to double.The vast of these older people will be consumers,not(13)producers.Thanks to
state transfers,being old in developed countries mostly no longer means being(14)poor.The old people will expect(15)decent pensions to live on;they will make heavy demands on medical(16)services;and some will need expensive nursing care.Yet while their numbers are(17)expanding fast,numbers of people at work--who will have to foot the bill--will stay much the(18)same,so each worker will have to carry a much heavier(19)burden.
Mass survival to a ripe old age will not be(20)confined to rich countries.Most
populations are now much younger than the developed world's,are starting to age fast.
The wilderness------of places that we do not change,where we allow the existence
even of creatures we as dangerous-----is necessary.Whether we go to those places or
not,we need to know that they exist.We do not need just the great but
millions of small private or semiprivate ones.of factory grounds and
city------places where nature is given free human work is done,where we go only as guests.We go to wilderness places be instructed in the natural
and healing,to admire what we cannot make.And we go in order to return
by which we judge the health of our human economy and our
from it is sometimes possible to imagine a series of fitting and decent the human community and its supports:from forest to woodlot(crops and pasture to orchard to meadow to garden to household to neighborhood to village to city----so that__14_even__when we
reached the city we would not he entirely the translation from English to Chinese__ the influence of the nature of that place.
There is a strong that success is a myth,and sham.this mean that success does That achievement is at bottom the efforts of men and
women are significance alongside the force of movements and events?now not all
obviously,is worth esteeming,all ambition worth cultivating.Which are and which something one soon enough learns on one’s own.But even the most cynical secretly admit that success
achievement counts for a great deal;and that the true myth is that the actions of men and
women are useless.To believe otherwise is to take on a point of view that be deranging.It is,
in its implications,to remove all motives for competence,interest attainment,and regard for posterity.
We do not choose to be born.We do not choose our parents.We do not choose the
country of our birth,or the immediate circumstances of We do not,most of us,choose
to die;nor do we choose the time or our death.But within all this realm of
we do choose how we shall live:courageously or in cowardice,dishonorably,with
purpose or in drift.We decide what is important and what life.We decide that what makes
us significant is either what we do or what we refuse to do.But no the universe may be to our choices and decisions,these choices and decisions are make.We decide.We choose.And as we decide and choose,so are our lives formed.In the end,forming our own destiny is what ambition is about.Unit7（1）20空
https://www.doczj.com/doc/635707604.html,ernor Rockefeller was shocked by what happened and appointed a committee the responsibility.
2.Oliver Barrett IV and Jennifer started talking about marriage,thinking they were made for each other.But as a banker and squeamish parent,Oliver Barrett III refused to give his blessing to the
3.One the rapid advance of technology is the breakdown of the traditional division of labor between the sexes.
4.Away from their profession,scientists are inherently no more honest or than other people.But in their profession they work in an arena that puts a high premium on honesty.
5.Arthur is captured and visited by Montanelli.Arthur reveals Montanelli,who is delighted to find that he is still alive.
6.The wording of the agreement so both interpretations vare valid.
7.A lot of the summer jobs available here are you're young and don't mind working hard.
8.She is isolated from the general problems of society and any of our discussion.
9.The government is selling off the its policy of privatization.
10.She criticized my writing but in a way that was--I learned a lot from her. Unit1(2)
1,The programs to teach young children enabling skills are now being advocated from coast to coast. 2,There can be but little double that his ancestors were the great unwashed.
3,Many people still revere their late premier though he passed away many years ago.
4,There are some legitimate reasons for some scientists to denounce the practice of cloning.
5,When Lincoln got his Christmas gift,a video game,he tore up the box to get to the cartridge and popped it into the game machine immediately.
6,Short of the President himself,probable no one could have convinced people of the feasibility of his welfare programs.
7,Sumo wrestlers are noted for their strength,while fencers,for their nimbleness.
8,He bought a bicycle and started to ride to work as he could no longer put up with the constriction of movement in the packed bus.
9,The judge pronounced that the accused man was guilty of murder and sentenced him to life imprisonment.
10,Until a relatively short time ago,traveling abroad was limited to people who were well off or prosperous business people.Unit3(2)
1.The traditional family with only the husband working can be found most often during the earlier years of marriage when children are being born and cared for.
2.The first thing to do in seeking a position is to determine exactly what you want to do,not in terms of
a vague objective but with a definite goal.
3.Sociologists will manage to find out what lies behind the violence that occurs among affluent families.
4.The Rev.Septimus Harding?——Yes,it rings a bell
bell..He's a character in some novel,I believe,but I can't remember which one.
5.Energy shortage,soaring inflation,rampant unemployment and the threat of war have made adult Americans nervous,and that sense of pervasive worry has been passed on to the nation's youth.
6.The idea of trying to cheat the income tax authorities went against his principles;he had a strong sense of civic responsibility.
7.Football fans began lining up early in the morning at the box office to buy cup-tie tickets.
8.The chairman gave me a hint that he would like me to think of some ready way of stooping Tom from chiming in the proposal.
9.If anyone can think of a better course of action,I am open to suggestions.
10.School children brought up in a Western heritage do not know about Shamba Bolongogo,who after 3centuries is still remembered for his great reforms and inventions and for his love of peace.Unit4(2)
1.His education in business school has set him up to step into any kind of business and run it.
2.She advised John,"You should not let your child study in a foreign country;she wouldn't there."
3.The young lecturer is popular with his students and every student is thankful for his assistance in their studies.
4.With the possibility of redundancy in their minds,middle-aged workers have to work harder to hold
their jobs.
5.Transnational corporations usually enjoy a wide reputation for fair dealing which they have built up over many years.
6.He very much appreciated his chance to study here because of what he had gone through in his childhood.
7.Owing to the fact that each family has only one child,the responsibility of looking after the elderly will weigh heavily on the"only child"generation.
8.We hoped that trust would be built up among those four parties but it doesn't seem to be working out that way.
9.The ruling party still won the general election although quite a few members had broken away from the Party.
10.Failing in the university entrance examination was bad enough,but even worse was the feeling that i had let my parents down.Unit5（2）一题2空
1.the National Research Institute of Police Science is responsible for supporting,from
a scientific angle,all police activities,especially criminal investigation.
2.The reasons for extremely high medical costs are many and can by no means be
inflation exclusively.
3.The country abuse,one Qf the mast challenging social problems nowadays,
4.Martin Luther King was endowed with a graceful and spirit-stirring eloquence and almost all
people,black or white,his effective speech I Have A Dream.
5.The plan for introducing new technology existing work force will undoubtedly meet with fierce opposition.
6.As a charity,the organization provides food and shelter for peoples in need,the reasons for their need.
7.traffic delays,you had better start earlier if you want to catch Flight818for NewYork City.
8.All available evidence goes to show that the general the conspiracy to overturn the government.
9.Mr.Harold Rosen,an obstinate man is always his own judgement;nobody can have influence over him.
can usually understand German quite well,but strangely enough not
1.Ambition is an earnest desire for some type of achievement or as power,fame,wealth, etc.,and the willingness to strive for its attainment.
2.If numbers provide any proof,America’s universities and colleges are the envy of the world, for the United States’3500institutions were flooded with407530students from193different countries last year.
3.U.S.students pay for their education and demand value for what they or their parents-pay.
4.Lord Oxford protected his sensitiveness by silence,by totally retort or complaint.
5.The Jamestown settlers explored Virginia primarily for fishing and trading,and
investigated traces of a lost colony on Roanoke Island.
6.In a continuing effort tensions on this campus,student leaders and faculty joined to discuss the influences of conflict and diversity.
7.The police necessary for the town’s safety to arrest most speeders.
8.Shortage of land and the city’s inadequate green space.
9.If you do something because you suddenly want to,although you haven’t planned to.
10.In carrying out bound but we are determined to overcome them all.
A翻译中文
Arnold Toynbee has said that all progress,all development come from a challenge and a consequent response.Without challenge there is no response,no development,no freedom.So first we owe to our children the most demanding,challenging curriculum that is within their capabilities.
德.汤说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自挑战及由此引起的反应。没有挑战就没有反应，没有发展，没有自由。所以，我们首先应该在我们孩子的能力允许的范围内为他们开设最严格最富有挑战性的课程。
The second opportunity we can give our boys and girls is the right to failure."Freedom is not only a privilege,it is a test,"writes De Nouy.What kind of a test is it,what kind of freedom where no one can fail?The day is past when the United states can afford to give high school diplomas to all who sit
through four years of instruction,regardless of whether any visible results can be discerned.We live in a narrowed world where we must be alert,awake to realism:and realism demands a standard which either must be met or result in failure.These are hard words,but they are brutally true.If we deprive our children of the right to fail we deprive them of their knowledge of the world as it is.
原题：我们可以向我们的孩子提供第二个机会是允许他们有失败的权力。德.纽伊写道：“不仅是一种特权，也是一种考验。”如果没有人可以失败，那它算什么考验，算什么自由呢？美国可以向所有在高中读者完四年课程而不管其是否取得任何明显收获的学生发放毕业文凭的日子已经一去不复返了。我们现在生活在一个外变得很狭隘的世界里，们必须同对现实保持警觉，有所认识；而现实主义要求树立一个要么成功要么失败的标准。这些话听起来很刺耳，但都是残酷的事实。如果我们剥夺了孩子的失败权力，实际上我们就剥夺了他们如实地认识世界的机会。
业主/企业创建者不仅进取心强，而且精力充沛。他们往往擅长于多种技能。在很多情况之下，他们即是生产专家又是营销天才或经验丰富的金融家。要接替他们的工作则需要很多的人。因此家庭企业主应当通过制定组织机构图来明确规定该企业怎样运作。参予交接过程的每个主要成员也应当制定他们自己的组织构图。然后, 对它们进行比较。各机构之间的不同点将表明管理体制上的差异、存在误会的主要方面及观念上分歧。
Few business,even family businesses,grow without the help of loyal employees.More often than not,they hold key position in management.Therefore,you must keep your employees informed about long-range succession plans.Key management must have a clear picture of where they stand and what their responsibilities will be in a succession-management structure.Develop a compensation and benefit structure that is sufficient to attract an retain key managers as well as to motivate them to perform in the best interests of the business and the family.
没有忠心耿耿雇员,很少企业能够发展壮大，即使是家庭企业也是如此。这些尽职的雇员多半担任了主要管理职务。因此，应当将关于产业继承的长远计划随时通报给他们，而主要的企业管理人员必须清楚知道他们在产业交接管理机构中的职责。改进企业的劳保福利制度以吸引和留住主要部门经理,激发他们的积极性,使他们能为企业和业主的最大利益而工作unit2
Historically,jeep’s reputation as a go-anywhere vehicle dates back to the Second World War when…………..
在历史上，吉普车以其能适应各种路况的出众性能而著称于世。这种美名可以追溯到二战期间，当时由威利斯公司提供的最初型号的吉普车载着盟军部队驰骋于太平洋沿岸及欧洲战场。
<<麦氏汽车驾驶大全>>一书认为，“吉普”这个名字起源于美国军队决定把这种车辆叫做GP（for General Purpose）即多功能车之意。而后，GP这两个字母的读音被误发成为“吉普”，并成为威利斯公司享有的商标名称。
1988年吉普为克莱斯勒公司所有，此后该公司投入了大量资金更新改造吉普车的生产设备，提高吉普车的产量并开发各种新车型应市。克莱斯勒公司称吉普车在战争年代享有的盛名以及其坚固耐用的形象无疑会有助于它在和平时期树立其作为休闲娱乐车的新形象。该公司说，吉普为休
闲，越野车开发了新市场，它有强劲的4轮牵引装置（商业上称为4轮驱动），过去军用吉普车曾因此而享誉四方。Unit3
Some observers suggest that perhaps what we are seeing is not a real change at all,that,like the sexual revolution,it is not really a revolution in behavior but in expression."It may be",says one Connecticut psychoanalyst,"that an identifiable group that has existed all along is simply coming out of the closet,like homosexuals.The spirit of the time is to do your own thing and not hide it,and these people may reflect an increased frankness and openness rather than any real change.
一些观察家提出，我们正在看到的这种现象根本就不是什么重大变化，或许它和性革命一样，不是人们行为上的而是表达方式上的一种剧变。一位住在康涅狄格州的精神分析学家说，“也许，一直就有那么一群与众不同的人存着。只不过他们现在从隐蔽外走了出来，公开表明了他们的观点，就像同性恋者那样。我们这一时代的潮流就是干你想干的事而不是加以掩饰。这些人身上所反映的不是什么变革而是人们现在越来越坦率直言的这样一个现象。
In recent decades it has become clear that for a distinct minority of American women the traditional mother role in the seclusion of the home is no longer acceptable.For many the family is of diminishing importance.The development of education for women has been a crucial factor in this change.Today,over80percent of all women complete four years of high school as compared to only35 percent in1940.This is related to the fact that marriage now occurs a year later for the average woman.The proportion of women aged20to24who are single increased from28percent in1960to40 percent by the mid1970s.Childbearing is being postponed so that,compared to the1960s,10percent fewer women bear their first child in the two years immediately following marriage.Furthermore,more women today remain childless.Work,older age at marriage,and childlessness are the basic changes that have taken place in women's roles in recent years.
在最近几十年的时间里，人们渐渐地明白了一个事实，那就是：为数不多的妇女已不再接受并愿意扮演深居简出的传统母亲角色。许多人认为家庭的重要性正日益消失。妇女受教育程度的提高是造成这一文化的重要因素。如今，百分之八十的妇女完成了四年制的高中学习。而在1940年，完成这一阶段学习的妇女仅占百分之三十。这与现在美国妇女平均晚一年结婚有关。二十岁至二十四岁未婚者从1960年的28%上升到20世纪70年代的40%。人们推迟了生儿育女的时间，只有不到10%的妇女是在结婚后两年内生孩子。除此之外，越来越多的妇女不想要孩子。工作、晚婚、不要孩子是近年来妇女作用发生变化的主要表现。Unit4
The new combination of age and poverty in several countries in Latin America and Asia will create many problems that are already familiar to industrial countries,but with far fewer resources to tackle them.Ethical dilemmas over the use of scarce resources will be magnified.Financing of health care and pensions could be a nightmare.
在不少拉丁美洲和亚洲的国家,老年化和贫困将引起许多新问题,而这些问题对于工业化国家来说并不陌生,但是这些国家拥有资源少得多。在使用有限资源时所遇到伦理道德问题将更为突出,为医疗保健和养老金提供资金可能成为这些国家面临的一件棘手的事。
In many countries,older people are still too small in number,and for the most part too politically passive,to act as an effective pressure group for long-term policies to further their own interests.But that is changing as their numbers increase,and they learn to flex their political muscles.By2030,it would be a bold politician who neglected one voter in three---especially as older people in general turn out to vote in much bigger numbers than others.
在许多国家,老年人的人数太少,政治上多半相当被动,以致无法成为一个能对长期政策施加有效压力来促进自身利益的团体。但随着其数量增多,这种状况正在改变，他们知道需要集结政治力量。到2030年将没有一个政治家大胆到敢于忽略三分之一这部份老年选民——特别老年选民一般参加投票的人数要比其他选民多。Unit5
As the poet Edmund Spenser put it almost four hundred years ago,Nature,who is the“greatest goddesse,”arts as a sort of earthly lieutenant of God,and Spenser represents her as both a mother and judge.Her jurisdiction is over the relations between the creatures;she deals"Right to all...indifferently," for she is“the equal mother''of all"And knittest each to each,as brother unto brother:”Thus,in Spencer, the natural principles of fertility and order are pointedly linked with the principle of justice,which we may be a little surprised to see that he attributes also to nature.And yet in his insistence an"indifferent" natural justice,resting on the"brotherhood"of all creatures,not just of humans,Spenser would now be said to be on sound ecological footing.
正如诗人埃德蒙.斯宾塞在将近四百年前所说的那样，大自然是“最伟大的女神”。她似乎担任了上帝驻地球的总督的职务。斯宾塞把她描写成一位母亲和法官。她管辖着所有的生物之间的往来，并不分厚薄地给予他们权利，因为她是一位公正的母亲。她把他们紧密地联结在一起，就象兄弟姐妹。因而，在斯宾塞看来，生物繁殖及生物秩序的自然规律与公正原则显而易见地是联系在一起的。当我们得知斯宾塞认为大自然也具有公正原则的时候我们或许有点吃惊。然而，斯宾塞不仅以人类的手足之情而是以所有生物的手足之情为依据来坚持自然界有这么一位“公正的”法官。要是在当今，我们会说斯宾塞是以生态学作为其可靠依据的。
If our proper relation to nature is not opposition,then what is it?This question becomes complicated and difficult for us because none of us,as I have said,wants to live in a"pure"primeval forest or in a"pure" primeval prairie;we do not want to be eaten by grizzly bears;if we are gardeners.We have a legitimate quarrel with weeds;if,in Kentucky,we are trying to improve our pastures,we are likely to be enemies of the nodding thistle.But,do what we will,we remain under the spell of the primeval forests and prairies that we have cut down and broken;we turn repeatedly and with love to the thought of them and to their surviving remnants.We find ourselves attracted to the grizzly bears,too,and know that they and other great,dangerous animals remain alive in our imaginations as they have been all through human time.
如果我们人类和大自然的固有关系不是相互对抗的，那么，它又是什么样的一种关系呢？对我们来讲，这个变得相当复杂难解，因为正如我先前所讲过的那样，我们中没有人想在未经开发的原始森林里或在未经改造的原始大草原上生活，我们不想被大灰熊吃掉。假如我们是园艺家，我们有正当的理由去抱怨园内的杂草。在肯塔基州，如果我们准备改良牧场，我们就很可能成为那一片随风摆动的大蓟的敌人。但是，如果我们还随心所欲，想做什么就做什么，那么，我们就会对那些曾经被我们砍伐破坏了的原始森林和草原着迷，我们会一而再而三地想起它们，想起那些幸存的原始森林和原始草原。我们还会感到大灰熊深深地吸引着我们。我们知道，在整个人类时期我们会一直想起大灰熊及其他一些危险动物unit6
Surely ambition is behind dream of glory,of wealth,of love,of distinction,of accomplishment,of pleasure,of goodness.What life does with our dreams and expectations cannot,of course,be predicted.Some dream,begun in selflessness,end in rancor;other dreams,begun in selfishness,end in large-heartedness.The unpredictability of the outcome of dreams is no reason to cease dreaming.
毫无疑问，雄心大志期望的是荣誉、财富、爱情、非凡、成就、欢乐与善良美德。当然，伴随我们的抱负与希望，我们的生活将会是怎样，这些总是无法意料的。有些想法的出发点是丝毫不为自己，但结果却是结下深仇；而有些计划原意是为了自己，但到头来却是为他人做了善事。计划、设想的结果虽然难以预测，但仍无理由阻止计划与设想的进行。
It is not difficult to imagine a word shorn of ambition.It would probably be a kinder world demands, without abrasions,without disappointments.People would have time for reflection.Suck work as they did would not be for themselves but for the https://www.doczj.com/doc/635707604.html,petition would never enter in.Conflict would be eliminated,tension become a thing of the past.The stress of creation would be at an end.Art would no longer be troubling,but purely celebratory in its function.The family would become superfluous as a social unit,with all its former power for bringing about neurosis drained away. Longevity would be increased,for fewer people would die of heart attack or stroke caused by tumultuous endeavor.Anxiety would be extinct.Time would stretch on and on with ambition long departed from the human heart.
不难设想，没有抱负与雄心的社会将会是怎样的。它很可能是一个比较随和的社会：没有要求，没有矛盾，也没有失望。人们有时间深思。他们所做的工作不是为了自己，而是为了集体、从来没有竞争，冲突将被消灭，紧张已成为过去，不再需要创造力。艺术不再是高深莫测的，它的作用纯粹是为了欢庆与颂扬。家庭作为一个社会的单元将成为多余的，它以前的束缚力已消失。长寿会增加，因为死于紧张、辛劳的工作所引起的心脏病与中风的人会越来越少、思虑将不复存在。人类长期地摆脱抱负和欲望的压力，日子会过得越来越舒坦。Unit7
B翻译英语（写英文）
1.当今的大学生，尽管他们努力的像是自己成才，但对未来还是很模糊的。（establish oneself) Today's university students are struggling to establish themselves,but they still have ambiguous feelings about their future.
2.一个人如果不能找到自我以外的中心，就不能实现他的自我价值。所以，理想的本科教育必须使学生超越自我。（transcend)
A man cannot find himself without finding a center beyond hi.So the idealism of the undergraduate experience must help the student transcend himself.
3.我们强烈的希望在大学所学到的知识在今后的工作与学习中能起到重要的作用。（reveal oneself）We eagerly hope that the lessons leaned in the university will reveal themselves in our performance in the workplace and further education.
4.四年的本科学习是走向成功生活的唯一道路，这种说法是无法接受的。（go unchallenged)
It cannot go unchallenged to say that the4-year undergraduate experience is the only path to success in life.
5.在对一个关键的问题作结论时，如果只相信所谓的专家而不相信自己，不根据调查的结果，不根据实验的数据，那是在冒险。（run the risk of;blind faith in)
We run the risk of making critical decisions,not on the basis of what we know,the findings of investigations,and the data of experiments,but on the basis of blind faith in professed experts.
6.我们的事业需要一批受过良好教育又能关心他人的年轻人，他们能团结一致，相互学习，积极参加四化建设。（band together:participate in)
Our task needs a large group of well-informed,caring young people who can band together,learn from each other,and actively participate in the four modernizations.
7.如果这所新学校要有生命力的话，它培养的学生不仅要有扎实的基础和熟练的专业技能，还要有奉献精神。（be to endure;commit oneself)
If it is to endure,the new school should help the students not only acquire a sold basic education and become competent in a specific field,but also be ready to commit themselves to others.
8.如果大学生对于考试过于投入，就有可能把能力与奉献放到次要的地位，这样说一点也不过分。（push to the fringes)
It is not too much to say that if undergraduates excessively devote themselves to examinations,the will push competence and commitment to the fringes.
9.我甚至没有跟他说话，当然更不用说与他讨论有关你们学校的改建问题。（much less)
I didn't even speak to him;much less discuss the reconstruction of your school with him.
10.有人认为考试是很重要的，但也有人认为考试有不少弊端。所以考试留下了一个未能解决的问题——考试对教育有什么影响？（open question)
Some people think examinations are second to none,but some think examinations have a lot of disadvantages.Examinations leave us an open essential question---what influence do examinations exert on education?
1、他不但是位出色的银行家和公认的贸易专家，而且还是经验丰富的企业主管。
He is an experienced banker and an acknowledged trade expert,not to mention an excellent managing director.
2、意大利一个和平组织的志愿者不顾危险，以开赴伊拉克首都巴格达组成“人体盾牌”，以阻止美国轰炸该地。
Regardless of danger,volunteers from an Italian organization for peace have gone to Baghdad,the capital of Iraq,to form a"body shield"for the purpose of preventing the US from bombing the place. 3、在这个家庭里，没有人比朱迪更能致力于经营房地产生意。
Nobody in the family is more dedicated to operating the real estate business than Judy.
4、由于经济不景气，房地产经纪人正处于或降低房价或减少销售量的两难境地。
Because of the economic depression,real estate agents are in the dilemma of whether to lower prices or let sales fall off.
5、史密斯先生往往靠慎重投资而获取巨额利润。
More often than not,Mr.Smith earns great profits by careful investment of his capital.
6、约翰在学校里各门功课的成绩都不怎么样，但在体育方面倒是身手不凡。
John did not make much of a mark in his studies at school,but he excelled at sports.
7、有条不紊的职责交接是家庭企业长期繁荣的一个条件。
Ordrly transition of responsibilities is a condition for the long-range prosperity of a family business.
8、在制定投资计划之前，你最好对投资前景有个清楚的了解。
You had better have a clear picture of prospects before formulating a plan for investment.
9、尽管雕塑费时，但是仍有一些人以雕塑为职业。
Although sculpture is a time-consuming art,there are still some people following it as a profession.
10、这家电脑软件公司正处于从独资经营到合资经营的转化过程中。Unit2
The software company is in the midst of being transformed from an individual proprietorship to a joint venture.
1.汽车诞生后发展很快，不久就替代了马。
The automobile was improved very rapidly after it was invented and soon displaced horses.
2.由于汽车污染环境并严重伤害身体，甚至杀人，我们可能不得不消减私人拥有汽车的数量而更多地依赖公共交通系统。
We may have to cut down on the number of privately owned cars and depend more on public mass transit systems because cars pollute and maim or even kill people.
3.汽车轮子给我们带来了更好、更为便利的交通时，它也应对诸如空气污染，交通事故，交通拥挤之类的许多问题负责。
While wheels(automobiles)have brought with them better or more convenient transportation,they are guilty of many sins,such as air pollution,traffic accidents and traffic congestion.
4.美国人对汽车的热爱以及他们较大的工作流动性是出了名的
Americans are noted for their love for cars and great job mobility.
5.要是燃料质量和效率的提高和技术的进步能大大减少汽车的排放量，那该多好啊
If only advances in fuel quality and efficiency and in technology would radically reduce the emissions from automobiles.
6.在美国，高度发达的公路网使在各地之间来来往往成为可能
A highly developed highway network has made possible the easy movement from coast to coast in the United States.
7.一想到这条林荫大道的建设速度，参观者都能够感到很吃惊；这条路不久前还在开挖及铺设排水管
The very thought of the speed at which the beautiful avenue was constructed electrified every visitor; the road had only recently been torn up to lay drain-pipes not long ago.
8.环境保护主义者严厉谴责了汽车，认为汽车是产生空气污染的主要原因
Environmentalists have denounced automobiles,believing they are a major factor in the production of dirty air.
9.由于有便利的公共交通，在大都市的市郊，许多新建的住宅群拔地而起
Many new residential complexes have risen up in the suburbs of metropolitan cities because of the availability of convenient public transportation.
10，尽管非常喜欢汽车，许多人还是相信广泛地使用公共交通系统能缓解交通拥挤
Despite their love for cars,many people lend credence to the extensive use of the public transport system,which can cut down on traffic congestion.Unit3
1.Some professional observers believe that young people today are no longer interested in politics and causes,but rather,have become increasingly preoccupied with issues closer to themselves.
一些职业观察家认为，现在的年轻人不再对政治和事业感兴趣；他们越来越关注与他们自身关系更为密切的问题。(preoccupied with)
2.The higher a woman’s educational attainment,the more likely she is to go out of the private setting of the nuclear family and to realize herself in the community.
一个妇女所获得的教育程度越高，就越有可能走出小家庭这个环境,到社会上去实现自我（be likely to,realize oneself）
3.As far as I am concerned,what really lies behind the decision of some married couples not to start a family is that they are so narcissistic and have no margin of love to spare others.
就我而言，一些已婚夫妇做出选择不要小孩的真正原因是他们非常自恋，以至于他们没有多余的爱给别人。（start a family,lie behind,have no margin,spare）
4.The company put on the market a registered invention even without asking the inventor’s permission,which goes against the patent law.
这家公司甚至在未征求发明人同意的情况下，就将其一项注册过的新发明投放市场。这一行为违反了专利法。（go against）
5.Urged by some other countries,the United Nations has pressured the country to give up developing and using nuclear weapons.
在一些国家的敦促下，联合国对该国施加压力，迫使其放弃研制和实用核武器。（pressure sb to do）
6.According to the rule that every member should remain childless,Mr.And Ms white have no alternative but to withdraw from the Non-Parent Association,for they will attain parenthood soon.
按照每个会员必须是无子女的这一规定，怀特先生及其太太只好退出Non-Parent协会，因为他们很快就要当父母了。（alternative，parenthood）
7.He expects to reveal,by presenting a soap opera,the complexity implicit in real life.
他期望通过上演一部肥皂剧来揭示现实生活所固有的复杂性。（implicit）
8.In virtually every country,drug abuse,alcohol abuse and child abuse loom as most challenging social problems.
几乎在每个国家，嗜用麻醉品、酗酒和摧残儿童都有变为最令人深思的社会问题的趋势。（loom as）
9.When interviewed,these elderly people rationalized why they were ambivalent about today’s young people.
在接受采访时，这些老年人合理的解释了为什么会对当今青年人产生矛盾心理的原因。（be ambivalent about,rationalize）
10.Many college students are far more concerned with how to get a highly-paid job on graduation and how to receive a quick promotion in the competitive society.
不少大学生更关心怎样在毕业后谋得一份报酬优厚的工作，怎样在这个充满竞争的社会里迅速得到提升。（be concerned with）unit4
1总的来说，人变得越来越有同情心；不少家庭收养了来自市孤儿院的孤儿。（take in,orphanage) 1.Generally,people have become more compassionate and quite a few families have taken in an orphan from the municipal orphanage.
2一个有工作的妇女既要照顾她的孩子和老人，又要设法保有这份工作，是一件非常困难的事情。（hold down)
2.It is a demanding task for a working woman to look after her parents and her children while holding down a job.
3起先，我们对他们初次在异国他乡生活感到担忧，但是结果他们在那个国家生活得相当不错。（work out)
3.At first we were worried about their first stay in a foreign country,but things there worked out much better for them.
4今天，中年人的孩子比他们父母的孩子要少得多；40年后人口老化问题可能成为他们孩子的沉重负担。（weigh on)
A 1、A deficiency in educational 2、A survey shows that ambitious 3、All the children in deficient 4、Although he was confronted with 5、Electronic art is a 6、After his graduation from try his luck 7、As you are married spouse 8、A person who has therapist 9、An overwhelming majority 10、A number of formidable 11、a number of (hypotheses) 12、About 100 years theorized 13、After cutting the wheat glean 14、After two hours .manifest 15、almost all the real (stipulate) 16、All the survivors psychotherapy 17、Americans are tilt 18、As a top student. .initiated 19、Any action disrupt B 1、Between Christmas list 2、Because he was driving deviate 3、Bert*s wife stick by 4、Buying a stretch cost big bucks 5、Bill disliked？was mutual 6、Both sides have？binding on C1、Could you spare me 2、Climate is especil in the case of 3、Chronic in digestion come in forms D1、During the interview, certainty 2、Do you kown was referred to as 3、Death was criminologist 4、During negotiation contentious E1、Examples extracted from 2、European TV in comparison 3、Electronic art 4、Examples of successful initiative 5、Educators are worried cocoon F 1、Foreign language learners courtesy 2、for different endowments 3、Faced with the to the hilt 4、Feeling a threat depreciate H1、He is loved by sense 2、He met with be having an affair with 3、He has been watching for every mail 4、He is of American origins 5、He was arrested and committing 6、He is a shrewd 7、He left his seek his fortune 8、He capabilities opening 9、Having the car screwed up 10、His behavior is depressive 11、His friends slapped 12、He showed us all gleanings 13、He took her alarmingly 14、He wangted to to the hilt 15、His life was compartmentalized 16、He was a famous articulately 17、he is a very (sheer) 18、He is quite different s s parkles I1、It is important that functional 2、In spite of a good confronted 3、It is a very demanding novelty 4、In order to make some lease 5、It is very interesting prevalent 6、It is reported that extracting 7、I couldn*t believe he had a stroke 8、It is really amazing stroke 9、If you want to quit goes with 10、I was born and grew up 11、I still feel it draw a line between 12、I should not let him take on 13、In that country, piled up 14、It is unlikely that amount to 15、If you don*t kown end up 16、I asked him was working out 17、In order to have a touchy 18、In order to prevent in public 19、It is a place where dignity 20、It is the accumulated differentiates 21、I have been ashamed of my refusal 22、I could hear (blundering ) 23、In many places laissez-faire 24、In order to attract fluctuates 25、in order to (get into tamper) 26、it is unrealistic(infallible) 27、it is reported that (conned) 28、It was too dark identify 29、It is always prudent 30、It is wrong for destiny L1、Long time tension deviantly 2、Lioyd has carved a niche for 3、Life was pure misery M1、Many discoveries sensitivity 2、Many teenagers compulsion 3、Many new and lease 4、Many immigrants deficiency 5、More than twenty confrontation 6、Many people in China going through 7、Most foreign visitors on their own 8、My university, excellence 9、My friends and I overly violent 10、Many people feel run amok 11、Many people stand manifestation 12、Many countries have victims 13、Many people enjoy wrestling 14、Mr.Steele thinks victimization 15、more and more people (wincing) N1、Nowadays the tradition prevalent 2、Not many people beyond their dreams 3、Nowdays the (instantaneously) 4、Nowadays,some monsters O1、One evening, stroke 2、On children*s Day, waiting around 3、On this hot irresistible 4、on a hot day (fling off) P1、People who are sensitive 2、People feel sorry stroking 3、People are expecting be done with it 4、People*s appearance makes a difference 5、Ping Smulling penalty S1、Some people are very sensitive 2、Statistics reveal prevalent 3、Some scientists and doctor purified 4、Sometimes, leasing an 5、Some people believe hold our people together 6、Sometimes, the subtle 7、She likes her new job gallivant 8、Some educators holding back 9、She is quite comfortable with 10、She had a talent for 11、She sang an emotional 12、She suffered burnout 13、She was absent a touch of 14、She bought a stroll 15、she is a good (choked) 16、She's an excellent conscientious 17、Some people want prestige 18、Some problem student identity 19、students who by the book 20、such a kind (After all) 21、surveys made by (fallible) T1、This book is highlights 2 The applicants documents withheld 3、The Chinese government compulsory 4、Those who plan compulsory 5、The investigation deviation 6、The prevalence of complaints 7、The demerits deficient 8、There is no need extracts 9、Two U.S Army confronted 10、The proverb“spare the rod and spoil the child” 11、The documents came in response to 12、That pop singer teamed up with 13、They look upon training 14、Ted cleaned out his desk 15、The young generation hates slaving away 16、The big company corporate 17、The consulant even devious 18、The actress now estate 19、The young woman greed 20、The policeman took away violated 21、These were creatures so to speak 22、The strange noise turned out 23、They went into a small bar counterpart 24、The experienced businessman counseled 25、The director told the prospective 26、The problem of some adorable 27、The projector is connected with 28、Aside from taking twenty 29、The cultural argument heritage 30、The vegetarian ingredients 31、They are convinced in corporate 32、The minister mandatory 33、The tragedy could averted 34、The U.S. government rash of 35、The best moral sanction 36、There was a definite bias 37、The British Army in the throes of 38、The identical twins adjoining 39、These community are likely to 40、The investigation bureaucrats 41、The university priority 42、Through long-time currency 43、The people’s shrine 44、The differences irreconcilable 45、The governing body constituted 46、The football match wrestling 47、They wrestled the whole day 48、The salesman talked victimized 49、The colour and manifests 50、The saying he gleaned 51、The boy said impulsion 52、The newly-unearthed embodies 53、These sculptures are embodiment 54、The arrangement and embodies 55、The suffering of multitudinous 56、Teachers are required initiate 57、the professor had (obscure) 58、the treasurer (screwed up) 59、the baby kept (embedded) 60、To show our appreciation 61、To express their multitude 62、this man has (credulous) 63、these islands are(nonetheless) V Viewers in Shanghai at their disposal W1、We should not turn a blind eye to 2、We saw a lot of flattering 3、With the encouragement take comfort in 4、We had planned make up for it 5、With keen insight, 6、With the development believe in 7、We went to specializes in 8、When we visited at any given moment 9、With the support multitude 10、When she learned that impulse 11、We should carefully impulsive 12、When he was contending 13、Whether the stationed contention 14、When kids meddlesome Y1、You will be spared the fine 2、Young people tend jump ship 3、You need to bring a spare tire 改错： A project --C、by A knowledge --C、it A Brazilian--C、until A great--D、of which As you--D、learn better。 As for--B、it is Any culture--C、seeks. Aside with --A、Aside from Accordingly--D、the envy or admiration。 American fire --C、twice。 Abraham---D、would he be. By--B、facing retirement。 Brush strokes --D、himself Consider the frequently --B、that。 Civilized peoples--D、then saying that Congress has been--A、has been wooing Casualties(伤亡) are said----D、remains. During the process--A、may Despite of the fact--A、Despite the fact。 Despite his low --D、one Don’t make the---D、to say something Economists have --B、to encourage。 Every paper and--A、was Ever since the invention---C、has been Early industrial people---A、 as much energy as. Fungi are--D、decomposes。 From a business--B、nor Geothermal sources---C、would end up. He argues that--B、to have to suffer。 He had turned--D、feeling depressed His mood--B、deep depression Had they --C、would have not venture Health activists--C、were designed Human beings are playing a---C、paying for . Human beings are social--B、to live in. I would advise--C、become convinced that。 I didn’t mind their----C、objected to. I think I would--B、would have enjoyed。 In these days--A、cost of living。 In Latin America--D、fewer than those who have not。 In order to use--A、effectively。 In what following--A、what follows In spite of his--D、a young man’s. In debating --D、however In an effort--A、better protect In a recent --D、as the leas t。 If such pervasive--A、so。 If only I would--B、had read。 If our friends---C、make alternative. If asking--A、If asked If the highly--C、had anxiety attacks It is surprising --B、he has read。 It is possible--C、to illustrate。 It looked as--D、behind them。 It was an ---A、accepted.(custom in) It’s true that the---C、though. It is no doubt—A There is It is our decline--B、so that Just like--A、Just as。 Most of the people--B、most gloriously Marine biology--C、has furthered Man requires --B、but。 Musical instruments--D、for which。 No one on this --B、of taking advantage. No one can predict ---A、what On this shelf --C、in which On each side --B、were On seeing the---C、to his feet. Our first --A、 requires。 People who lose--C、what they eat. People seem to --C、depending upon Some of the support--B、earlier units。 Since the ring --C、has increased。 Since I loved--B、mother-in-law’s. Scientists reckon--C、but Sea creatures--C、were changed through So effective--B、are these techniques The trouble is that--A、is that with。 The trouble is--D、until。 The chairman of-- B、is。 The sharp --C、partly because it。 The lawyers for --C、be delayed。 The thing she--B、her age。 The more people --D、there will be The pet dog ---C、of a head injury. The first English--A、what is. The teacher said--D、it. The text and---D、ignored. The stroke left him---C、impaired. The university,faced---D、its. The current anti-procreative--C、of. The field of --D、acting on。 The suggestion that taxes--A、should be cut The agreement allows --D、expired The large number--B、is The initiative--C、in which The reason why --C、that They cannot go camping--D、 three-week-old。 Two metal surfaces --D、are reduced To meat the --A、expanding To protect --B、it To be tabled in --B、are These are some of--C、discussed There is absolutely no----D、with which. This time Williams--D、expected This has caused--C、hardly anything. Though Art Tatum --C、the other。 Today,the Park—C、protected areas Up to 30--D、shooting at Vincent Van Gogh--C、 would never have considered。 We are willing--C、how little it might be We’d rather have--A、than have Were it not--B、would not have developed Were banks increase--B、banks to increase When a person--C、is judged。 When attempt--A、when an attempt。 When they --C、which was what。 When we are going --A、buy When we speak --B、or When sailors--C、go. With the word---A、By.
首页入门学 习 程序 员 计算机考 研 计算机电子书 下载 硬件知 识 网络知 识 专业课程答案 下载 视频教程下载 第一章 作者：佚名来源：网络 1、有一台计算机，具有IMB 内存，操作系统占用200KB ，每个用户进程各占200KB 。如果用户进程等待I/O 的时间为80 % ，若增加1MB 内存，则CPU 的利用率提高多少？ 答：设每个进程等待I/O 的百分比为P ，则n 个进程同时等待刀O 的概率是Pn ，当n 个进程同时等待I/O 期间CPU 是空闲的，故CPU 的利用率为1-Pn。由题意可知，除去操作系统，内存还能容纳4 个用户进程，由于每个用户进程等待I/O的时间为80 % , 故： CPU利用率＝l-（80%)4 = 0.59 若再增加1MB 内存，系统中可同时运行9 个用户进程，此时：cPu 利用率＝l-（1-80%)9 = 0.87 故增加IMB 内存使CPU 的利用率提高了47 % : 87 ％/59 ％=147 % 147 ％-100 % = 47 % 2 一个计算机系统，有一台输入机和一台打印机，现有两道程序投入运行，且程序A 先开始做，程序B 后开始运行。程序A 的运行轨迹为：计算50ms 、打印100ms 、再计算50ms 、打印100ms ，结束。程序B 的运行轨迹为：计算50ms 、输入80ms 、再计算100ms ，结束。试说明（1 ）两道程序运行时，CPU有无空闲等待？若有，在哪段时间内等待？为什么会等待？( 2 ）程序A 、B 有无等待CPU 的情况？若有，指出发生等待的时刻。 答：画出两道程序并发执行图如下： （1）两道程序运行期间，CPU存在空闲等待，时间为100 至150ms 之间（见图
第4章存储管理 “练习与思考”解答 1．基本概念和术语 逻辑地址、物理地址、逻辑地址空间、内存空间、重定位、静态重定位、动态重定位、碎片、碎片紧缩、虚拟存储器、快表、页面抖动 用户程序经编译之后的每个目标模块都以0为基地址顺序编址，这种地址称为相对地址或逻辑地址。 内存中各物理存储单元的地址是从统一的基地址开始顺序编址的，这种地址称为绝对地址或物理地址。 由程序中逻辑地址组成的地址范围叫做逻辑地址空间，或简称为地址空间。 由内存中一系列存储单元所限定的地址范围称作内存空间，也称物理空间或绝对空间。 程序和数据装入内存时，需对目标程序中的地址进行修改。这种把逻辑地址转变为内存物理地址的过程称作重定位。 静态重定位是在目标程序装入内存时，由装入程序对目标程序中的指令和数据的地址进行修改，即把程序的逻辑地址都改成实际的内存地址。 动态重定位是在程序执行期间，每次访问内存之前进行重定位。这种变换是靠硬件地址转换机构实现的。 内存中这种容量太小、无法被利用的小分区称作“碎片”或“零头”。 为解决碎片问题，移动某些已分配区的内容，使所有进程的分区紧挨在一起，而把空闲区留在另一端。这种技术称为紧缩（或叫拼凑）。 虚拟存储器是用户能作为可编址内存对待的虚拟存储空间，它使用户逻辑存储器与物理存储器分离，是操作系统给用户提供的一个比真实内存空间大得多的地址空间。 为了解决在内存中放置页表带来存取速度下降的矛盾，可以使用专用的、高速小容量的联想存储器，也称作快表。 若采用的置换算法不合适，可能出现这样的现象：刚被换出的页，很快又被访问，为把它调入而换出另一页，之后又访问刚被换出的页，……如此频繁地更换页面，以致系统的大部分时间花费在页面的调度和传输上。此时，系统好像很忙，但实际效率却很低。这种现象称为“抖动”。 2．基本原理和技术 （1）存储器一般分为哪些层次？各有何特性？ 存储器一般分为寄存器、高速缓存、内存、磁盘和磁带。 CPU内部寄存器，其速度与CPU一样快，但它的成本高，容量小。 高速缓存（Cache），它们大多由硬件控制。Cache的速度很快，它们放在CPU内部或非常靠近CPU的地方。但Cache的成本很高，容量较小。 内存（或称主存），它是存储器系统的主力，也称作RAM（随机存取存储器）。CPU可以直接存取内存及寄存器和Cache中的信息。然而，内存中存放的信息是易变的，当机器电源被关闭后，内存中的信息就全部丢失了。 磁盘（即硬盘），称作辅助存储器（简称辅存或外存），它是对内存的扩展，但是CPU不能直接存取磁盘上的数据。磁盘上可以永久保留数据，而且容量特别大。磁盘上数据的存取速度低于内存存取速度。 磁带保存的数据更持久，容量更大，但它的存取速度很慢，而且不适宜进行随机存取。所以，磁带设备一般不能用做辅存。它的主要用途是作为文件系统的后备，存放不常用的信息或用做系统间传送信息的介质。 （2）装入程序的功能是什么？常用的装入方式有哪几种？ 装入程序的功能是根据内存的使用情况和分配策略，将装入模块放入分配到的内存区中。 程序装入内存的方式有三种，分别是绝对装入方式、可重定位装入方式和动态运行时装入方式。
Book II Unit 1 A. 1.assess 2.alliance 3.outcome 4.ethical 5.identity 6.ambiguous 7.tolerable 8.participates 9.pursuit 10.constructive B. 1.at stake 2.were obliged 3.the climate of 4.feel well-equipped 5.beyond my grasp 6.cut back 7.other than 8.rise above 9.care about 10.is bounded C. 1.incompetent 2.indulgence 3.migrants 4.probes https://www.doczj.com/doc/635707604.html,plex 6.suspense; engaged https://www.doczj.com/doc/635707604.html,passionate; committed 8.tolerant 9.tempted 10.interconnected D. 1. A. Judging from 2. B. in which 3. C. and 4. D. believe 5. A. is one of/ is that of 6. B. must get 7. C. likely 8. D. unemployed 9. C. as well as/ and 10. B. simpler E.精品文档 1.what 2.graduation 3.intend 4.getting 5.eventually 6.survey 7.although 8.graduates 9.transfer 10.rise 11.attending 12.instead 13.cause 14.because 15.attending 16.below 17.failure 18.expectations 19.confidence https://www.doczj.com/doc/635707604.html,cation Key to the translation from English to Chinese: 1.德 . 汤说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自挑战及由此引 起的反应。没有挑战就没有反应，没有发展，没有自由。 所以，我们首先应该在我们孩子的能力允许的范围内为他 们开设最严格最富有挑战性的课程。 2.我们可以向我们的孩子提供第二个机会是允许他们有 失败的权力。德 . 纽伊写道：“不仅是一种特权，也是一种 考验。”如果没有人可以失败，那它算什么考验，算什么 自由呢？美国可以向所有在高中读者完四年课程而不管 其是否取得任何明显收获的学生发放毕业文凭的日子已 经一去不复返了。我们现在生活在一个外变得很狭隘的世 界里，们必须同对现实保持警觉，有所认识；而现实主义要 求树立一个要么成功要么失败的标准。这些话听起来很刺耳，但都是残酷的事实。如果我们剥夺了孩子的失败权力，实际 上我们就剥夺了他们如实地认识世界的机会。 Key to the translation from Chinese to English: 1.Today's university students are struggling to establish themselves, but they still have ambiguous feelings about their future. 2. A man cannot find himself without finding a
第一章绪论 1．什么是操作系统的基本功能? 答：操作系统的职能是管理和控制汁算机系统中的所有硬、软件资源，合理地组织计算 机工作流程，并为用户提供一个良好的工作环境和友好的接口。操作系统的基本功能包括： 处理机管理、存储管理、设备管理、信息管理(文件系统管理)和用户接口等。 2．什么是批处理、分时和实时系统?各有什么特征? 答：批处理系统(batchprocessingsystem)：操作员把用户提交的作业分类，把一批作业编成一个作业执行序列，由专门编制的监督程序(monitor)自动依次处理。其主要特征是：用户脱机使用计算机、成批处理、多道程序运行。 分时系统(timesharingoperationsystem)：把处理机的运行时间分成很短的时间片，按时间片轮转的方式，把处理机分配给各进程使用。其主要特征是：交互性、多用户同时性、独立性。 实时系统(realtimesystem)：在被控对象允许时间范围内作出响应。其主要特征是：对实时信息分析处理速度要比进入系统快、要求安全可靠、资源利用率低。 3．多道程序(multiprogramming)和多重处理(multiprocessing)有何区别? 答；多道程序(multiprogramming)是作业之间自动调度执行、共享系统资源，并不是真正地同时执行多个作业；而多重处理(multiprocessing)系统配置多个CPU，能真正同时执行多道程序。要有效使用多重处理，必须采用多道程序设计技术，而多道程序设计原则上不一定要求多重处理系统的支持。 4．讨论操作系统可以从哪些角度出发，如何把它们统一起来? 答：讨论操作系统可以从以下角度出发： (1)操作系统是计算机资源的管理者； (2)操作系统为用户提供使用计算机的界面； (3)用进程管理观点研究操作系统，即围绕进程运行过程来讨论操作系统。
Unit3 美国人的酷爱 我父亲是别克人。在经济大萧条以前，他本是史达兹人。然而，就像成千上万经济状况处于 上升阶段的有车族一样，那场可悲的经济逆转使他们非得调整对汽车的胃口不可。到他死的时候，他开过的那些别克轿车就不只是普通意义上的交通工具了，而且将父亲定位于这样的 社会阶层——比庞蒂亚克人富有，但比不上克迪拉克人。拥有别克轿车让人一看便知父亲的 社会地位。与别克人相当的还有福特人和克莱斯勒人。 我们美国人与汽车的特殊缘分，其坚实的基础就在于对一种轿车品牌的忠诚，这种忠诚因其来之不易而倍受珍惜。·这就是爱吗?也许用词过分，可美国人对这些机器的尊重甚过所有其 他机器——不仅将它们视为20世纪雕塑大观中的标志，而且还将它们视为社会的护身符。 我记忆中的第一辆别克车是一辆闪闪发亮的黑色轿车，椅子的衬垫是厚厚的马海毛，离合器拉杆是新式的。我父亲爱吹嘘说这辆车一小时能跑120英里。一想到这样的速度就会令男人 们兴奋不已。我照着家里的菲尔可牌收音机盒里播出的格林，霍利特驾驶的那个神秘机器的 名字，给这头漂亮的牲口取了个名副其实的绰号——黑美驹。 20世纪中，电话、电视或者个人电脑，这一切都使人类环境发生了巨大变化。然而，与电 话、电视、电脑不同的是，汽车却享有人格化的地位。有些汽车可以成为家庭成员，机械宠 物。我们给汽车起名字，在自己·家的车道上精心打扮汽车，在汽车不能满足我们的需要时 诅咒它们。在折旧换新之时为旧车的离去而悲哀。 人们对汽车的热爱让环境保护者、安全为重的倡导者以及社会工程师们感到不安。他们认为通往人间天堂的道路应该到处都铺设公交运输所必备的发亮轨道。他们想象着我们加入未来 拥挤不堪的自行车行列，而不是像一位激动不已的评论家所预见的那样，坐在“傲慢的双轮马车”方向盘后。这种态度不是现在才有的。首先是铁路，接着是汽车造成的人口流动早已 使得守旧的特权阶层感到不安。在战场上有过辉煌，但却以鄙视下层民众而出名的威林顿公 爵在150年前就曾反对英国发展铁路，这是因为火车只会怂恿普通人毫无意义地到处走动。 汽车呢，而今大家都认同的是，它污染环境、杀人、残害人、驱使人们离家游荡，实在可鄙。因此，汽车应被开除球籍，越快越好(还应带走路边购物中心、“免下车’’餐馆以及垃圾食品店等等乱七八糟的东西)。 的确，汽车应该对出现的许多问题负责，然而，汽车也是伟大的解放者。批评家们却宁愿对 这一事实视而不见。汽车可以使人口大规模地流动：从城市到郊区，从东部到西部，从南方 到北方。而近来更多的人又从北方回到南方，因为数百万人希望找到改善经济状况的机会。 一片片蔓延无矩的都市建筑群拔地而起——洛杉矶、澳兰多、亚特兰大、夏洛特、达拉斯、 拉斯韦加斯、菲尼克斯等等，其规划都是以适应汽车的需要为出发点。这样的规划并不完美(若代之以适应公共交通的规划也完美不起来)，但实际状况仍然是：南部和西部环绕汽车兴 建的城市正在飞跃发展。环境保护主义者在担忧，大多数人却照样开着车。 在美国有1亿7千5百万人持有驾驶执照，开着近2亿辆汽车，行驶在390万英里的道路上。人们坐上自己的轿车、轻型货车、摩托车、带卧室的汽车、运动用车，每年行驶约2万4千亿英里。每年约有1，500，百万辆崭新的轿车和轻型货车涌上公路。赛车已成为这个国 家发展最快的运动项目。汽车行业雇了230万员工，比任何其他制造业都要多。
The summary of Unit5 Sandwich generation In the modern society，there are a large group，They are the so-called Sandwich generation，people who are struggling to care for both their children and their elders，often while holding down a job as well.The Sandwich generation are living a hard life. The statistics show that the proportion of seniors living with their children is decreasing，those who do move in with their children enter households profoundly changed from previous generations.Because toda y′s seniors had fewer children than their predecessors，there are fewer family members to share the burden.They not only have some elder-care responsibilities，ranging from occasional help with groceries to fulltime care at home，but also care for their children.In fact，the parents of an average family now work 65 to 80 hours a week，up from 40 to 45 hours a week in the 1950s.To stay in the place
《操作系统教程》习题答案
习题1 1．单项选择题 （1）大中小型计算机是以为中心的计算机系统。 A、CPU B、存储器 C、系统总线 D、通道 （2）以下关于操作系统的说法正确的是。 A、批处理系统是实现人机交互的系统 B、批处理系统具有批处理功能，但不具有交互能力 C、分时系统是实现自动控制，无须人为干预的系统 D、分时系统即具有分时交互能力，又具有批处理能力 （3）操作系统的职能是管理软硬件资源、合理地组织计算机工作流程和。 A、为用户提供良好的工作环境和接口 B、对用户的命令作出快速响应 C、作为服务机构向其它站点提供优质服务 D、防止有人以非法手段进入系统 （4）设计实时操作系统时，首先应考虑系统的。 A、可靠性和灵活性 B、实时性和可靠性 C、优良性和分配性 D、灵活性和分配性 （5）多道程序设计是指。 A、在分布式系统中同一时刻运行多个程序 B、在一台处理器上并行运行多个程序 C、在实时系统中并发运行多个程序 D、在一台处理器上并发运行多个程序 （6）以下关于并发性和并行性的说法正确的是。 A、并发性是指两个及多个事件在同一时刻发生 B、并发性是指两个及多个事件在同一时间间隔内发生 C、并行性是指两个及多个事件在同一时间间隔内发生 D、并发性是指进程，并行性是指程序 （1）B （2）B （3）A （4）B （5）D （6）B 2．填空题 （1）微机是以总线为纽带构成的计算机系统。 （2）在批处理兼分时系统中，往往把由分时系统控制的作业称为前台作业，把由批处理系统控制的作业称为后台作业。 （3）在分时系统中，若时间片长度一定，则用户数越多，系统响应时间越慢。 （4）分布式操作系统能使系统中若干台计算机协同完成一个共同的任务，分解问题成为子计算并使之在系统中各台计算机上并行执行，以充分利用各计算机的优势。 （5）用户通过网络操作系统可以网络通信、资源共享，从而大大扩展了计算机的应用范围。 3．简答题 （1）什么是操作系统？现代操作系统的基本特征是什么？并发性 （2）什么是批处理系统，衡量批处理系统好坏的主要指标是什么？及时性 （3）试述分时系统的原理及其特性。时间片原则交互性同时性独立性及时性