附录
附录1
[31]The establishment of the European Union Barriers Tire exports difficult ，【J】Operation Trend & Market Prospect of Chinese Tire Industry Yue Chunchen and Zhang Xinhua, Double Coin Group Co., Ltd
On China's tire industry, recalled two years ago, the United States of America tires, are still stuck in the throat. Because it makes the Chinese tire enterprises almost lost all the United States market, dozens of tire enterprises closed down, more than 30 tire companies to cut or stop production. Also because of this, the enterprise industrial raw materials China synthetic rubber, carbon black and other operating rate declined sharply, nearly 100000 unemployed workers. However, the "political" trade barriers brought about by the dark clouds that have not yet dispersed, the head of China's tire industry has come from the EU's "technical" trade the clouds, and at the end of 2012 down "to the storm". Tire labeling regulations promulgated a new commission will be enforced in November 1, 2012. The regulations, in the car tires, light truck tires, European sales of truck tires and bus tires must label, marking tyre rolling noise and fuel efficiency, slippery grip level, goal is to 2020 European energy consumption was reduced by 20%. The regulations are the EU REACH regulations limit the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the tire use again after the strict limits.
Tire labeling regulations according to the fuel consumption and the slippery road grip, the tire is divided into A, G7 grade, A represents the highest performance, G represents the poor performance. At the same time, the noise emission of tyres are classified. "Calculate time, 2012 July, production of our country tire if exports to the EU, must meet specific requirements for labeling regulations, this is a very big challenge to the Chinese tire enterprises." Zhuo and information analysts Wang Yulian analysis said rubber division. At present, the EU has become the second largest export market of tire enterprises in our country, but our country to meet the requirements of the EU labeling regulations tires accounted for only 30% of total exports, and most of them in the D to the G grade. In the A - C this several grades of tire less, and most of them are wholly foreign-owned enterprise products, rather than domestic brands. "This means that the laws, the door tire export enterprises in China the EU will close to a great extent." The important base of domestic tyre production in Jiangsu as an example. In 2010, Jiangsu exports to the EU's tires accounted for 26.9% of total exports, ranking the first domestic. But, at present can not reach the EU tire industry tire rolling resistance of summer demand accounted for about 38%, winter tire is about 50%. Energy-saving tire the province before the three tire company newest can reach B to C range, and in the D level and above the
tire is difficult to sale in European market. "This led by the EU, some countries will launch their own labeling regulations, facing China's tire business trade barriers will be more and more. Economic weakness in external demand by the impact of factors such as plus, if the tyre production enterprises in our country is not paid enough attention to, continue to maintain the current production situation and development, the international market will shrink further." Wang Yulian said. It is understood, South Korea 28% tire production sold to EU area, so the prospective launched a voluntary tire labeling system. The system also will become mandatory from 2012 November. In the tag, the tire rolling resistance and wet skid on grip is divided into 1 - 5 five grades. Japan in 2010 to voluntarily tire labeling system, main sign of rolling resistance of tire and a wet road grip level. The United States as early as 6 years ago by including the tire labeling regulations, regulations. At present the industry groups and regulators are the regulations for the last modification, and most likely according to the tire fuel efficiency, traction performance and tire tire classification surface wear. Latin America, Brazil is also brewing formulation of tire labeling regulations similar. In our country, at present our country tire exports has changed a lot. 1 - October 2010, China's tire exports year-on-year increase of up to 20%~30%, but in 2011 year-on-year growth of only 6.4%. The EU tire labeling regulations for China tire enterprises once again sounded the alarm when the tire safety and environmental requirements increasing has become a global trend, China tire enterprises really need careful thinking, accelerate the development of ideas and development strategy adjustment. New challenges "glue enterprises EU tire labeling regulations are issued under the demands of environmental protection and energy saving, the manufacturing process of the tire especially put forward high requirements for production of high performance rubber. And this is many domestic tyre production enterprise weakness." Longzhong petrochemical business network rubber Department analyst Tang Xiaonan said. She believes that, to meet regulatory requirements, China tire enterprises must increase the solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber, rare earth neodymium using high-quality rubber butadiene rubber. The two products are key components of the production of green tire.
Understand according to the reporter, at present our country there are many private glue enterprises are trying to SSBR and neodymium rare earth polybutadiene rubber production. Most of them are the introduction of foreign technology. Or is it because we could not grasp the core technology, or because of the lack of high-end technology to the ability to control in the production process, the product quality is much lower than the same brand products. The more difficulties are under pressure to find a way out of China's tire exports to foreign markets are facing, and production enterprises in China with a rubber development in the high-end products and more difficult. The EU tire labeling regulations after the official implementation, how these two types of interconnected enterprises to keep up with the trend of the world as soon as possible? Wang Yulian think, first of all, tire production enterprise production enterprises upstream and downstream of the glue to more exchanges, strengthen cooperation for tightness. Especially in the production of enterprises can not only
produce glue quietly, but also with the downstream tire manufacturing enterprises under the new market demand new trend to research and development and production of new products. "At present, too single domestic synthetic rubber enterprises produced products, in particular in the market, want to learn as soon as possible before the new regulations will cooperate with the downstream tire production enterprises prepared to deal with, not to change happens to." Wang Yulian said. Secondly, whether manufacturers tire manufacturing enterprises or glue, the need to speed up the development of emerging markets abroad, especially in ASEAN, India and China signed a trade agreement since countries and North Africa and Latin America has potential development capacity of the country. Through the implementation of "diversification" strategy, reduce the export market is too concentrated risk. In addition, the domestic market space in China is still relatively large, regardless of tire manufacturing enterprises or glue production enterprises to tap the domestic market demand, to further expand domestic demand. With the development of the world tire industry, safety, environmental protection, green tire has become a new round of development of the world tire industry trends. Tang Xiaonan thinks, no matter the tire manufacturing enterprises, manufacturing enterprises or glue, new regulations should attach great importance to and conscientiously study other countries about tires, positive measures in the international market, further improve the quality control system and related products test platform, and the improvement of technology in production process, and actively improve the performance product environmental protection. Progress in the implementation of the formulation of national standards departments should also accelerate the follow EU tire labeling regulations, REACH regulation, the establishment and implementation of the new norms and international regulations in tire technology, improve our tire safety and international competitiveness.
附录2 外文资料的中文翻译
对我国轮胎行业的人而言，回忆起两年前的美国轮胎特保案，至今都如鲠在喉。因为它让中国轮胎企业几乎失去所有美国市场，数十家轮胎企业倒闭，30 多家轮胎企业减产或停产。也因为此事，中国合成橡胶、炭黑等原材料工业企业开工率大幅下降，近10 万工人失业。然而，这桩“政治性”贸易壁垒所带来的阴霾还未散去，我国轮胎行业头顶又飘来一片来自欧盟地区的“技术性”贸易乌云，且将于2012 年末降下“大到暴雨”。欧盟委员会新出台的轮胎标签法规将于2012 年11 月1 日起强制执行。该法规规定，在欧盟销售的轿车胎、轻卡胎、卡车胎及公共汽车轮胎必须加贴标签，标示轮胎的燃油效率、滚动噪声和湿滑路面抓地力等级，目标是到2020 欧洲能源消耗减少20%。该法规是继欧盟REACH 法规对轮胎中使用的多环芳烃含量进行限制后的再次严格设限。
轮胎标签法规根据燃油消耗和湿滑路面抓地力，将轮胎分为A—G7 个等级，A 代表性能最高，G 代表性能最差。同时，对轮胎的噪声排放也进行了分级。“计算一下时间，我国2012 年7 月生产的轮胎如果出口欧盟，就需满足标签法规的具体要求，这对我国轮胎企业而言是非常大的考验。”卓创资讯橡胶事业部分析
师王玉莲分析说。当前，欧盟已成为我国轮胎企业第二大海外出口市场，但我国符合欧盟标签法规要求的轮胎仅占出口总量的30% 左右，且大多数是在D 至G 这个档次上。处在A—C 这几个等级的轮胎较少，且大多是外商独资企业生产的产品，而非国内自主品牌。“这意味着该法规实施后，我国轮胎企业出口欧盟的这扇大门会在很大程度上闭合。”以国内轮胎生产的重要基地江苏为例。2010 年，江苏出口欧盟的轮胎占其出口总量的26.9%，位居国内第一位。但是，目前不能达到欧盟轮胎行业夏季胎滚动阻力要求的约占38%，冬季胎则约为50%。该省前三大轮胎公司最新的节能轮胎可达到B 到C 范围，而在D 级以及以上的轮胎是很难在欧洲市场销售的。“受欧盟此举带动，不少国家必然会陆续推出自己的标签法规，我国轮胎企业面临的贸易壁垒只会越来越多。加上外需受经济疲软影响等因素，如果我国轮胎生产企业不引起足够重视，继续保持当前的生产与发展现状，国际市场会进一步萎缩。”王玉莲表示。据了解，韩国28% 的轮胎产量销往欧盟地区，因此该国前瞻性地推出了自愿性轮胎标签制度。该制度也会从2012年11 月成为强制性规定。在该标签中，轮胎按滚动阻力和湿滑路面抓地力分为1—5 五个等级。日本2010 年起实行自愿轮胎标签制度，主要标示轮胎的滚动阻力和湿滑路面抓地力等级。美国早在 6 年前就通过了包含轮胎标签规定在内的法规。目前行业团体和监管机构正对该法规进行最后修改，最后极有可能根据轮胎的燃油效率、牵引性能和胎面磨耗对轮胎进行分级。拉美地区的巴西目前也正在酝酿制定类似的轮胎标签法规。放眼我国，目前我国轮胎出口量已经有了很大变化。2010 年，我国1—10月的轮胎出口增幅同比可达20%~30%，但2011 年同比增幅仅 6.4%。此次欧盟轮胎标签法规的出台给我国轮胎企业再次敲响了警钟—当轮胎的安全和环保要求日益提高已成为一个全球趋向的时候，我国轮胎企业的确需慎重思考，加快发展思路和发展战略的调整。合胶企业新挑战“欧盟轮胎标签法规是在环保节能的诉求下出台的，对轮胎的制造工艺尤其是高性能橡胶生产提出了极高要求。而这是许多国内轮胎生产企业的软肋。”隆众石化商务网橡胶事业部分析师唐晓楠表示。她认为，要达到法规要求，我国轮胎企业必然要加大对溶聚丁苯橡胶、稀土钕系顺丁橡胶等高品质橡胶的使用。这两种产品均是生产绿色轮胎的关键成分。但目前，我国这两类橡胶产品的生产技术还比较低，很多达不到国内轮胎企业的使用要求，产量也不大，因此需从国外大量进口。据王玉莲介绍，德国朗盛集团和意大利埃尼集团目前是这两类橡胶产品的主要供应商。相比之下，我国对这些产品的研发与生产还处于起步摸索阶段。在溶聚丁苯橡胶工业化生产上，我国比西方发达国家要迟30 多年。国内现有6 套丁苯橡胶生产装置，其中4 套为乳聚丁苯橡胶生产装置，2 套为溶聚丁苯橡胶生产装置，年总生产能力41 万吨，主要由茂名石化、高桥石化、独山子石化生产。但由于产品质量、牌号及生产技术等多方面原因，仅占有国内很少的市场份额，装置开工率一直很低。我国钕系稀土顺丁橡胶生产技术经中国石油锦州石化公司和中科院长春应用化学研究所的数次合作，已经开发成功并实现了工业化生产。但当前，锦州石化公司的稀土顺丁橡胶也仅有每年1.5万~2 万吨的产能。2011 年4 月7 日，中国石化首套3 万吨/ 年稀土/ 镍系柔性顺丁橡胶项目在燕山石化启动，进入场平阶段，预计2012 年9 月底中交。2012 年，齐祥腾达也将有5 万吨/ 年的稀土顺丁橡胶项目投产。“这两个项目如果能顺利投产，虽然会有利于配合我国部分轮胎企业逐步适应欧盟轮胎标签法规的实施，但产量毕竟还是较少。”王玉莲说。
据记者了解，当前我国还有不少民营合胶企业也在尝试着溶聚丁苯橡胶和钕
系稀土顺丁橡胶的生产。它们大多引进国外的技术。或者是因为在引进过程中没能掌握核心技术，或者是因在生产过程中缺乏对高端技术的操控能力，生产出的产品档次要比同等品牌的产品低很多。重压之下找出路我国轮胎企业出口国外市场所面临的困境越来越多，而我国合胶生产企业在高端产品上发展又比较艰难。欧盟轮胎标签法规正式实施后，这两类关联紧密的企业如何尽快跟上世界潮流？王玉莲认为，首先，上游合胶生产企业要和下游的轮胎生产企业多交流，增强合作的紧密度。尤其是合胶生产企业不能只闷头生产产品，还要配合下游轮胎制造企业根据市场的新趋向新需求来研发并生产一些新产品。“目前，我国国内合成橡胶企业生产的产品太单一化了，在波诡云谲的市场中，要尽快学会在新规则出台之前就配合下游轮胎生产企业准备好应对措施，而不是改变发生之后想办法。”王玉莲说。其次，无论是轮胎制造企业还是合胶生产企业，都需要加快开发国外新兴市场，特别是东盟、印度等和我国签有自贸协定的国家以及北非和拉美等具有潜在发展能力的国家。通过推行“多元化”战略，降低出口市场过于集中的风险。此外，我国国内市场空间仍然比较大，无论轮胎制造企业还是合胶生产企业都要挖掘国内市场需求，进一步扩大内需。随着世界轮胎工业的发展，安全、环保、绿色轮胎已成为世界轮胎工业新一轮发展的趋势。唐晓楠认为，无论轮胎制造企业，还是合胶生产企业，都应该高度重视并认真研读其他国家有关轮胎的相关新法规，积极制定在国际市场上的应对措施，进一步完善质量控制体系和相关产品的检测平台，并从生产工艺上改进技术，积极提高产品环保性能。国家相关标准制定的部门也应加快跟进欧盟轮胎标签法规、REACH 法规的实施进度，在轮胎技术领域建立并实施与国际法规接轨的新规范，提高我国汽车轮胎安全性和国际竞争力。
人力资源外包外文翻译-标准化文件发布号：（9456-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII
外文文献及翻译材料 Human Resource Outsourcing The innovation of technology and economic globalization change the economic environment of enterprises. To conquer the uncertainty in the environment and keep the competitive advantage，human resource outsourcing，one of HR service delivery models，has become more and more enterprises choice，which can reduce cost，improve efficiency and gain competitive advantage. Human resources outsourcing means that the enterprise in order to better carry out human resources management activities，part of the business of outsourcing，using outside outstanding professional skills to be integrated in order to achieve lower costs，improving the quality of service and more focus on human resources to the core business objectives。The domestic human resources outsourcing are relatively concentrated in the cause、advantages、select、a risk model、enterprises from the angle of view of human resources outsourcing more，and the choice of outsourcing service providers research is relatively small。Comprehensive exposition of human resources outsourcing decision-making、risk analysis、decision-making processes，Thus the choice of outsourcing service providers to provide some advice。 This thesis concludes the main content of HR0 based on the relevant theory and literature of HRO; then using the method of data analysis and comparison，and collecting the data of HR0 from The West countries，Asia area and China. In this thesis we mainly compare about the HRO function，HR0 reason and Perspective risk between these countries，and come out some valuable information，which is foundation of improve the level of Chinese HRO. Then we analyze Chinese HR0 further to find out the Problem in Chinese HRO，and come out the framework in Chinese HR0 from different angles covering HR0 market，HRO enterprise and HRO service provider and HRO process. Then we give the suggestions for Chinese HR0 from these four levels. Finally, the thesis has a case analysis on one HRO service provider，and discusses its history，HR0 content and process. Then we conclude its developing stage，main characteristics，problems and improvement.
数据库管理系统的介绍 Raghu Ramakrishnan1 数据库（database,有时拼作data base）又称为电子数据库，是专门组织起来的一组数据或信息，其目的是为了便于计算机快速查询及检索。数据库的结构是专门设计的，在各种数据处理操作命令的支持下，可以简化数据的存储，检索，修改和删除。数据库可以存储在磁盘，磁带，光盘或其他辅助存储设备上。 数据库由一个或一套文件组成，其中的信息可以分解为记录，每一记录又包含一个或多个字段（或称为域）。字段是数据存取的基本单位。数据库用于描述实体，其中的一个字段通常表示与实体的某一属性相关的信息。通过关键字以及各种分类（排序）命令，用户可以对多条记录的字段进行查询，重新整理，分组或选择，以实体对某一类数据的检索，也可以生成报表。 所有数据库（最简单的除外）中都有复杂的数据关系及其链接。处理与创建，访问以及维护数据库记录有关的复杂任务的系统软件包叫做数据库管理系统（DBMS）。DBMS软件包中的程序在数据库与其用户间建立接口。（这些用户可以是应用程序员，管理员及其他需要信息的人员和各种操作系统程序）。 DBMS可组织，处理和表示从数据库中选出的数据元。该功能使决策者能搜索，探查和查询数据库的内容，从而对在正规报告中没有的，不再出现的且无法预料的问题做出回答。这些问题最初可能是模糊的并且（或者）是定义不恰当的，但是人们可以浏览数据库直到获得所需的信息。简言之，DBMS将“管理”存储的数据项，并从公共数据库中汇集所需的数据项以回答非程序员的询问。 DBMS由3个主要部分组成：（1）存储子系统，用来存储和检索文件中的数据；（2）建模和操作子系统，提供组织数据以及添加，删除，维护，更新数据的方法；（3）用户和DBMS之间的接口。在提高数据库管理系统的价值和有效性方面正在展现以下一些重要发展趋势； 1.管理人员需要最新的信息以做出有效的决策。 2.客户需要越来越复杂的信息服务以及更多的有关其订单，发票和账号的当前信息。 3.用户发现他们可以使用传统的程序设计语言，在很短的一段时间内用数据1Database Management Systems( 3th Edition ),Wiley ,2004, 5-12
会计内部控制中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)
内部控制透视：理论与概念 摘要：内部控制是会计程序或控制系统，旨在促进效率或保证一个执行政策或保护资产或避免欺诈和错误。内部是一个组织管理的重要组成部分。它包括计划、方法和程序使用，以满足任务，目标和目的，并在这样做，支持基于业绩的管理。内部控制是管理阶层的平等与控制可以帮助管理者实现资源的预期的有效管理的结果通过。内部控制应减少或违规错误的风险关联未被发现的，但设计和建立有效的内部控制不是一个简单的任务，不可能是一个实现通过快速修复短套。在此讨论了内部文件的概念的不同方面的内部控制和管制。 关键词：内部控制，管理控制，控制环境，控制活动，监督 1、介绍 环境需要新的业务控制变量不为任何潜在的股东和管理人士的响应因子为1，另外应执行/她组织了一个很大的控制权。控制是管理活动的东西或以上施加控制。思想的产生和近十年的发展需要有系统的商业资源和控制这种财富一个新的关注。主题之一热一回合管制的商业资源是分析每个控制成本效益。 作为内部控制和欺诈的第一道防线，维护资产以及预防和侦查错误。内部控制，我们可以说是一种控制整个系统的财务和其他方面的管理制定了为企业的顺利运行;它包括内部的脸颊，内部审计和其他形式的控制。 COSO的内部控制描述如下。内部控制是一个客观的方法用来帮助确保实现。在会计和组织理论，内部控制是指或目标目标的过程实施由组织的结构，工作和权力流动，人员和具体的管理信息系统，旨在帮助组织实现。这是一种手段，其中一个组织的资源被定向，监控和测量。它发挥着无形的（重要的作用，预防和侦查欺诈和保护组织的资源，包括生理（如，机械和财产）和乙二醇，声誉或知识产权，如商标）。在组织水平，内部控制目标与可靠性的目标或战略的财务报告，及时反馈业务上的成就，并遵守法律，法规。在具体的交易水平，内部控制是指第三方采取行动以实现一个具体目标（例如，如何确保本组织的款项，在申请服务提供有效的。）内部控制程序reduce程变异，导
文献信息： 文献标题：Challenges and opportunities affecting the future of human resource management（影响人力资源管理未来的挑战和机遇） 国外作者：Dianna L. Stone，Diana L. Deadrick 文献出处：《Human Resource Management Review》, 2015, 25(2):139-145 字数统计：英文3725单词，21193字符；中文6933汉字 外文文献： Challenges and opportunities affecting the future of human resource management Abstract Today, the field of Human Resource Management (HR) is experiencing numerous pressures for change. Shifts in the economy, globalization, domestic diversity, and technology have created new demands for organizations, and propelled the field in some completely new directions. However, we believe that these challenges also create numerous opportunities for HR and organizations as a whole. Thus, the primary purposes of this article are to examine some of the challenges and opportunities that should influence the future of HR. We also consider implications for future research and practice in the field. Keywords: Future of human resource management, Globalization, Knowledge economy Diversity, Technology 1.Change from a manufacturing to a service or knowledge economy One of the major challenges influencing the future of HR processes is the change from a manufacturing to a service or knowledgebased economy. This new economy is characterized by a decline in manufacturing and a growth in service or knowledge as the core of the economic base. A service economy can be defined as a system based on buying and selling of services or providing something for others (Oxford
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附录B 如何监测内部控制 内部控制是任何组织有效运行的关键,董事会、执行长和内部审计人员都为实现这个企业的目标而工作;该内部控制系统是使这些团体确保那些目标的达成的一种手段。控制帮助一个企业有效率地运转。此外,运用一种有效的风险系统,风险可被降低到最小。同时,控制促进经营和与经营有关的信息的可靠性。全美反舞弊性财务报告委员会发起组织(COSO；1992) 在它发布的具有开创性的文件《内部控制整合框架》中,将内部控制定义为：企业风险管理是一个过程，受企业董事会、管理层和其他员工的影响，包括内部控制及其在战略和整个公司的应用，旨在为实现经营的效率和效果、财务报告的可靠性以及法规的遵循提供合理保证。该委员会还指出,一个的内部控制的系统包括五个要素。它们是：控制环境、风险评估、信息和沟通、控制活动、监控。 COSO的定义及五个要素已被证明确实对不同的团体,如董事会和首席执行官起到作用。这些群体对内部控制系统的监管以及系统设计与运行有责任。而且,内部审计人员已经发现COSO的指导是有用的。这群人员可能会被董事会或管理层要求去测试控制。COSO最近发布的一份讨论文件，指出五个要素监控,其中的五个要素的确定在1992 frame work COSO原本。中国发展简报的题为《内部控制-整合框架：内部控制体系监督指南》(COSO，2007)。在文件中,COSO 强调监控的重要性，以及这些信息常常被没有充分利用。 因为董事会、执行长,和内部审计人员都在一个公司的内部控制中扮演着重要角色，内部控制的各要素,包括监测,都对所有的团体有着非常重要的意义。同时,外审计人员对监测有兴趣。《萨班斯-奥克斯利法案》（2002）为外部审计师创建了一个新的监督体制。所有的五个要素,包括监测,必须加以考虑。另外,内部控制审计必须结合对财务报告的检查。在一体化审计之前，在首席执行官的领导下，也许也在内部审计活动的支持下的管理，评估了内控制体系的有效性。随后外部审计人员对控制出具意见。起监督角色的董事会，将阅读内部审计、管理层和首席执行官出具的报告。文件关于监测对每一个团体的指导起了帮助,因为他们分别为各自的角色而劳动。 第一，什么是监测。监测的组成可评估内部控制系统在过去一段时间发挥效用的质量。其对控制功能的评估有助于企业确定其控制在有效地运作中。在执行监测活动时，相关人员参与审查系统的设计及其运行效果。这种检查必须进行及时,目的是为了提供给企业最大的利益。管理层负责做出适当的行动以回应这些结果。当事人对内部控制有兴趣,可以充分依赖这个内部控制系统,如果合适的监
Enterprise Human Resources Management System Design And Implementation Abstract: Human resource management system is the core content of modern enterprise management. With the rapid development of the computer information technology and unprecedented prevalence of electronic commerce mode，the competition between enterprises is turning from visible economic markets to the network. Developing the human resource management system supported by computer technology，network technology and information technology can not only improve the skill of human resource management and the efficiency of the enterprises but also make human resource management modern and decision sciencefic,Modern human resource management uses B/S mode to avoid C/S modes short coming of difficult in maintdning and reusing.According to the functional requirements of the actual project,this article specificly state the analysis of system,the general desigin of the system,the detail design of system and the practice of the system. The development of the system is the practice of MVC design ideas, maing using the Jsp+Servlet+JavaBean form of development.Jsp is the practice of MVC design ideas’view,in charge of receiving/responding the request of the customer.Servlet mainly responsible for the core business control of the whole system is the practice of the vontroller of MVC design idea to take charge of the statistics and rules of the whole system. In the practice of the system, somr open-source projrcts,such as the Ajax technique,JfreChart statements,fileupload technology,has been used. Using the modern human resource management theropy and analysising the actual situation, comparing the current situation of human resource management system, a huaman resource contents of management system basied on the Internet/Intranet has been designed. The main management,attendance management training more efficient statistics. Keywords:human resource management; B/S mode; Open-source projects; MVC mode. 摘要 人力资源管理系统是现代企业管理的核心内容。随着计算机信息技术的高速发展，电子商务模式的空前盛行，企业之间的竞争也从有形的经济市场转向了网络。开发以计算机技术、网络技术、信息技术支持的现代人力资源管理系统，既能提高企业人力资源管理的技术含量和企业的办事效率，也能使人力资源管理能够进入现代化、决策科学化的进程。现代人力资源管理系统采用了B/S模式，可以避免C/S模式的重用性差、维护难度高的缺点和
本科毕业设计(论文)外文翻译 译文： ASP ASP介绍 你是否对静态HTML网页感到厌倦呢？你是否想要创建动态网页呢？你是否想 要你的网页能够数据库存储呢？如果你回答：“是”，ASP可能会帮你解决。在2002年5月，微软预计世界上的ASP开发者将超过80万。你可能会有一个疑问什么是ASP。不用着急，等你读完这些，你讲会知道ASP是什么，ASP如何工作以及它能为我们做 什么。你准备好了吗？让我们一起去了解ASP。 什么是ASP? ASP为动态服务器网页。微软在1996年12月推出动态服务器网页,版本是3.0。微软公司的正式定义为:“动态服务器网页是一个开放的、编辑自由的应用环境,你可以将HTML、脚本、可重用的元件来创建动态的以及强大的网络基础业务方案。动态服务器网页服务器端脚本,IIS能够以支持Jscript和VBScript。”(2)。换句话说,ASP是微软技术开发的,能使您可以通过脚本如VBScript Jscript的帮助创建动态网站。微软的网站服务器都支持ASP技术并且是免费的。如果你有Window NT4.0服务器安装,你可以下载IIS（互联网信息服务器）3.0或4.0。如果你正在使用的Windows2000,IIS 5.0是它的一个免费的组件。如果你是Windows95/98,你可以下载(个人网络服务器(PWS),这是比IIS小的一个版本，可以从Windows95/98CD中安装，你也可以从微软的网站上免费下载这些产品。 好了，您已经学会了什么是ASP技术，接下来，您将学习ASP文件。它和HTML文 件相同吗？让我们开始研究它吧。 什么是ASP文件？ 一个ASP文件和一个HTML文件非常相似，它包含文本，HTML标签以及脚本，这些都在服务器中，广泛用在ASP网页上的脚本语言有2种，分别是VBScript和Jscript，VBScript与Visual Basic非常相似，而Jscript是微软JavaScript的版本。尽管如此，VBScript是ASP默认的脚本语言。另外，这两种脚本语言，只要你安装了ActiveX脚本引擎，你可以使用任意一个，例如PerlScript。 HTML文件和ASP文件的不同点是ASP文件有“.Asp”扩展名。此外，HTML标签和ASP代码的脚本分隔符也不同。一个脚本分隔符,标志着一个单位的开始和结束。HTML标签以小于号(<)开始(>)结束，而ASP以<%开始，%>结束，两者之间是服务端脚本。
中小企业内部控制_外文参考文献 安徽工业大学毕业设计外文翻译 Private Enterprises of the intenal control issues Pulin Chang Economic Review. 2008, (5) Third, the promotion of private SMEs in the internal control system strategy (A) change management and business owners the concept of development. The majority of private small and medium enterprises in the family business, the success of these enterprises depends largely on internal control or entrepreneur leadership attention and level of implementation. Over the years, by traditional Chinese culture, business owners believe in Sincerity, fraternal loyalty permeate many aspects of enterprise management, strengthen internal controls that will affect the organization the members of distrust, resulting in internal control. Many private business owners that rely on business to do business benefits out of, rather than out of the internal financial management control; that the market is the most important internal control will be bound himself and staff development. Understanding of the bias, so that these leaders neglected the internal control system on the production and operation activities. Internal control can really become the leader of the internal needs of enterprise internal control system is the key to whether a mere formality. The internal control to make the internal needs of the enterprise depends largely on two points: First, determine
Human resource management more and more drives value. Under the system that economy development mature, human resource management have to match with fight for the best resources performance, if out of character of the manpower form couples out of character of post, the resources performance be not only whole have no, or may have already exhaust. The modern economy stress balance and match, promote management effect and quality vegetable, will human resource match with make balance, the inside contents establish human resource structure frame, use most in keeping with of the person do most in keeping with of work. Establishment human resource terrace is a communication and collection information way, everyone's opinion comprehensive, give up short take long, with processing salary, welfare etc. affair. Human resource most the importance be a training and development, human resource development have to investment at training aspect, with exertive each stratum of human resource potential. 人力资源管理愈来愈被重视。在经济发展成熟的体系下，人力资源管理必须配合以争取最佳的资源效益，若将不适当的人力配对不适当的职位，资源效益不但全无，或可能有损耗。现代经济讲求平衡及配合，提升管理效能和质素，就要人力资源配合以作平衡，其中的内容是设立人力资源架构框架，用最适合的人做最适合的工作。建立人力资源平台，作为沟通及搜集信息管道，将各方意见综合，舍短取长，以处理薪酬、福利等事宜。人力资源最重要是培训及发展，人力资源发展必须投资在培训方面，以发挥各阶层的人力资源潜能。 发展简史 Generally say, the academic circles development of human resource experience: Personal management, human resource management be recently till now rise of manpower capital management. The main dissimilarity namely lay in the principle that company and business enterprise treat an employee of variety and development. 一般说来，人力资源在学术界的发展经历了：人事管理，人力资源管理，到现在新近兴起的人力资本管理。其主要不同即在于公司和企业对待职员的理念的变化和发展。
The Development of Human Resource Management In China Introduction With the advent of the 21st century, Human Resource Management, as a relatively new management subject, is playing a more and more important role in today’s business activities. This report mainly discusses 3 questions about today’s human resource management. The first section discusses the changing function of human resource management in terms of 3 aspects which are staff-company relations, HR model development and HR strategies. The second section describes the exploring stage of HRM in China. System building, recruitment and motivation are the three aspects to support the opinion. The third section discusses the new challenges that HR managers in China may face. In this part, challenges from the changing business age, HR managers’ abilities to deal with uncertainty and ambiguity and solitary to collective activity are discussed. Question 1 Human resource management, as the quickly developing subject, without doubt, has changed a lot in its function in many fields. This section will mainly discuss the HRM’s change and expansion in the aspect of staff-company relations, HR model development and HR strategies as the following. In the aspect of the staff-company relations, the changing functions will be discussed from 3 aspects which are power factors, employees and motivational method. First, in terms of the power factors, 10 years ago the relationship between employees and the company was regarded as ‘Labor and Enterprise’ while nowadays more companies show understanding and respect for the human spirit. For example, Google China places a piano in the hall of the company and even set a kitchen and the washing machine for their employees (Jim Westcott, 2005). Second, in terms of the employees, employees are considered as thinking and rational beings around 10 years ago. The reason why they chose this company was the satisfactory salary. But today, staffs are considered as fully evolved, completely satisfied, mature human beings. Third, in the motivational methods aspect, the change is really huge. A decade ago, companies often drove employees through basic needs such as a big bonus. While the
管理信息系统外文翻译-标准化文件发布号：（9456-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII
英文文献翻译 二〇年月日
科技文章摘译 Definition of a Management Information System There is no consensus of the definition of the term "management information system". Some writers prefer alternative terminology such as "information processing system", "information and decision system", "organizational information system", or simply "information system" to refer to the computer-based information processing system which supports the operations, management, and decision-making functions of an organization. This text uses “MIS” because it is descriptive and generally understood; it also frequently uses “information system” instead of “MIS” to refer to an organizational information system. A definition of a management information system, as the term is generally understood, is an integrated, user-machine system for providing information to support operations, management, and decision-making functions in an organization. The system utilizes computer hardware and software; manual procedures; models for analysis planning, control and decision making; and a database. The fact that it is an integrated system does not mean that it is a single, monolithic structure; rather, it means that the parts fit into an overall design. The elements of the definition are highlighted below. 1 Computer-based user-machine system Conceptually, management information can exist without computer, but it is the power of the computer which makes MIS feasible. The question is not whether computers should be used in management information system, but the extent to which information use should be computerized. The concept of a user-machine system implies that some tasks are best performed by humans, while others are best done by machine. The user of an MIS is any person responsible for entering input data, instructing the system, or utilizing the information output of the system. For many problems, the user and the computer form a combined system with results obtained through a set of interactions between the computer and the user. User-machine interaction is facilitated by operation in which the user’s input-output device (usually a visual display terminal) is connected to the computer. The computer can be a personal computer serving only one user or a large computer that
海南大学经济与管理学院2014-2015学年冬季小学期课程论文 题目：我国国有企业绩效管理研究文献综述 班级：12级人力资源管理2班 姓名：魏子贵 学号：20120610310069 指导老师：唐建荣 完成日期：2015年2月28号
摘要：自改革开放以来，我国的市场制度从规划经济逐步过渡到市场经济，市场经济体制建设开始以来，我国的国有企业的管理模式逐步走向成熟，绩效管理成为我国国有企业的重要管理手段之一。但是在实施过程中，存在了很多问题，本文就这个问题对我国的很多学者提出的解决办法进行文献综述，希望能够使国有企业的绩效管理的效果能得到最大的发挥。关键词：国有企业绩效管理系统考核 一、绩效管理的概述 绩效管理最开始在企业中的体现主要是进行绩效评估，绩效评估有着悠久的历史，可以追溯到三皇五帝时期《尚书*荛典》里有“纳于大麓，暴风骤雨弗迷”，就是指荛将帝位禅让给禹之前对其进行了绩效考核，但是随着经济与管理水平的发展，越来越多的管理者和研究者意识到绩效评估的局限性和不足。绩效管理正是在对传统绩效评估进行改进和发展的基础上逐渐形成和发展起来的。所谓绩效管理，是指各级管理者和员工为了达到组织目标共同参与的绩效计划制定、绩效辅导沟通、绩效考核评价、绩效结果应用、绩效目标提升的持续循环过程，绩效管理的目的是持续提升个人、部门和组织的绩效。主要包括：对员工工作结果的管理和对影响员工工作结果的行为、表现及素质等的管理。李智勇、陆珂在《国有企业开展绩效管理的思考》（2008）提出绩效管理不是仅仅停留在“结果考核”水平上的事后管理，而是一个以员工为中心的一系列干预活动的过程管理。绩效管理不仅针对员工以往的业绩进行考核，还包括绩效目标的设定与分解、绩效跟踪、考核与反馈、指导辅助、绩效改善计划制定等环节。 二、国有企业绩效管理中存在的问题 国有企业如何增强企业的竞争优势、如何留住优秀人才成为当今一大难题。绩效管理作为现代企业人力资源管理的一种重要工具和手段，在战略实现人才开发以及员工管理等方面发挥着重要的功能，这一点已经逐渐成为我国国有企业的一种共识，也越来越得到企业管理层的关注，很多企业已经建立绩效管理制度，并利用了绩效考核结果。从众多学者的研究中，可以总结出国有企业的绩效管理比较显著的问题有以下4点： 1.考核观念落后，将绩效考核等同于绩效管理。尹之峰、白延静在2011年发表的《国有企业人力资源绩效管理研究》中提出绩效管理包括绩效计划、绩效实施、绩效考核、绩效反馈及沟通、绩效结果的应用等五部分，但国有企业中，