专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点
近两年考查情态动词和虚拟语气的频率呈上升趋势。从整体上把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征，能够准确理解不同情态动词的细微差异，认真区别具有相同功能、意思相近的情态动词的用法，在真实的交际情景中印证和领悟情态动词的用法和特征。
1情态动词所表示的多种含义
1. can和could的用法
①表示能力。如：
I can run fast.
②表示客观可能性。如：
An experienced driver can have an accident at times.
③表示请求和允许。用could 语气更委婉。如：
—Can/Could I go now?
—Yes，you can.
④表示猜测、惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)。如：
Can this be true?
How can you be so careless!
This cannot be done by him.
2. may和might的用法
①表示许可。如：
You may drive the car.
—May/Might I use your pen?
—No，you mustn't.
②用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如：
May you succeed!
③表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。表推测的might并不是指过去时间，而表示比may把握性略小些。如：
He may be very busy now.
④用于表示目的或让步状语从句中。如：
No matter what difficulties you may come across，you shouldn't give up.
3. will和would的用法
①用于各种人称，表示“意志”“意愿”“决心”等。如：
I told her to stop crying，but she just would not listen.
②用于第二人称的疑问句，表示说话人向对方提出请求。用would比用will语气更客气。如：
Will/Would you please keep the door open?
③表示真理或习惯，意为“惯于，总是”。如：
She will listen to music alone in her room for hours.
He would get up early when he lived in the country.
4. should的用法
①表示现在或将来的责任或义务，意为“应该，应当”，这时它可以和 ought to，be supposed to 互换使用。如：
You should(＝are supposed to ) complete your test in time.
②表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论，通常意为“可能；总该……吧”，相当于 be expected to。如：
They should be home by now，I think.
③用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。如：
I should think it would be better to try it again.
④用在条件状语从句中，表示语气较强的假设，意为“万一”，这时也可将should置于从句之首，即将should放在主语前面，而省略从属连词if，主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如：
Should I (＝If I should) be free tomorrow I will come.
⑤用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的。尤其在以 why，who，how 等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中常常意为“竟会，居然”。如：
A gentleman like him should be rude to a lady!
⑥用于虚拟语气句中(略)。
5. ought to的用法
表示应该、推测，相当于should。如：
You ought to take care of him.
6. shall的用法
①用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”“警告，威胁，强制”“法令条文规则”和“允诺”等意思。如：
You shall have the book when I finish reading.(表允诺)
②在疑问句中，shall用于征求对方的意见或请求指示，常用于第一、第三人称。如：
Shall we go out for a walk?
Where shall he wait for us?
7. must的用法
①表示义务、意图或建议，意为“必须，应该，禁止(用于否定句中)”。如：
You must go and see that film—you'd really enjoy it.
②表示推测，意为“必定，一定”。
[注]must表示推测时的否定式是can't或couldn't(不可能)。
③表示主张，意为“硬要，一定要”。如：
If you must go，at least wait till the rain stops.
④表示与说话人愿望相反，意为“偏要”。如：
The machine must break down at this busy hour.
8. need和dare的用法
①need 作“必要”讲时，既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to，其变化与一般动词相同。作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中。
②dare作为情态动词时，仅用在疑问句、否定句和条件从句中。dare若作实义动词，后面可接带to的不定式，此时to也可以省略。dare与need的用法相似。如：He dares to go there alone.
He needs to go there alone.
She doesn't dare (to) ask her father.
She doesn't need to ask her father.
He daren't speak English before such a crowd，dare he?
9. used to的用法
used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式。
She used to be very fat，didn't she？(正式)/use(d)n't she? (口语)
—Used you to get up early in the morning?
—Yes，I did(正式)．/Yes，I used to.(口语)
10. would rather (not) do 宁愿(不)做
11. had better (not) do 最好(不)做
①I ________ often go fishing when I lived in the countryside.
A. should
B. would
C. could
D. might
②I've decided to take the job and I ________ change my mind.
A. mustn't
B. can't
C. won't
D. may not
③“Whatever you want，you ________ have it on condition that you get the best result，” said the boss.
A. would
B. ought to
C. shall
D. could
④—Why ________ you stay in the countryside，where it's not convenient to go shopping?
—But I've found it rather valuable for my health.
A. can
B. must
C. may
D. shall
⑤—I promise her daughter ________ get a nice present on her birthday.
—Will it be a big surprise to her?
A. should
B. must
C. would
D. shall
⑥She just couldn't believe that her husband，to whom she had been loyal for so many years，________ desert her after he became rich.
A. might
B. should
C. shall
D. must
⑦—A Mr. Smith is waiting outside for the appointment with you. ________ he come in?
—Yes，please let him in.
A. Shall
B. May
C. Will
D. Need
⑧He is always on time for work. How ________ it be that he was late yesterday?
A. can
B. might
C. may
D. must
⑨—Lucy doesn't mind lending you her dictionary.
—She ________. I've already borrowed one.
A. can't
B. mustn't
C. needn't
D. shouldn't
【答案】①B②C③C④B⑤D⑥B⑦A⑧A⑨C
2表示“推测”的情态动词
肯定句中用must，may，might，could，当表示理论上的可能性时也可用can；
否定句中用can，may，might，could；
疑问句中用can，could。
用适当的情态动词填空：
①________ he be a policeman?
②He ________ be a policeman，but I am not sure.
③He ________ be a policeman，for he is so short.
④He ________ be a policeman，for he is strong and brave.
【答案】①Can②may/might/could③can't④must
3情态动词的完成式
①must have done表示一定做了某事，只用于肯定句中。如：
He must have been a brave boy ten years ago.
②can/could have done用于否定句和疑问句中表示推测。
③could have done用于肯定句中表示本可以做而事实上未做到，含有委婉批评或遗憾之意。如：
I could have come on time，but my car broke on the way.
④may/might have done 表示可能做了某事，用于肯定句和否定句(意为“可能不”)中。
⑤might have done也可以表示本可以做而事实上未做到，含有委婉批评或遗憾之意。如：
She might have done better than that.
⑥should (not) have done＝ought (not) to have done表示本应该做但没做或本不应该做但做了，含有责备或悔意。如：
I oughtn't to have scolded her for such a small thing.
A. 表示“(估计)应该已经……”“大概已经……”，即对过去情况的推测。如：
They left at nine，so they should have arrived(＝probably have arrived) home by now.
B. 表示“竟然已经……”“居然已经……”，即表示说话人对已经出现的事态感到惊奇、惊喜、怀疑。如：
I'm surprised that he should have been so foolish.
⑦needn't have done 表示本没必要做某事而实际上做了；
didn't need to do 表示本没必要做而实际上也未做。如：
You needn't have walked so quickly since time was enough.
⑧would have done用在虚拟语气句中，表示与过去事实相反。如：
If he had told me the truth，I would have gone there.
⑨would like/love to have done表示本打算做某事而实际上未做。如：
I would like to have read the article，but I was very busy then.
⑩had better have done表示本来最好做某事而实际上未做。如：
You had better have come earlier，but you didn't.
11would rather have done 表示当时宁愿做了或没做。如：
○
I would rather have refused his offer.
用适当的情态动词填空：
①I was really anxious about you. You ________ not have left without a word.
②He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，otherwise he ________ have scored a goal.
③You ________ not have seen him in the street yesterday，for he has been to Japan.
【答案】①should②would/could/might③can/could
4一般疑问句中几个情态动词的提问和回答
情态动词的回答要根据具体的句意来判断。
完成下列句子：
①—Need I go there now?
—Yes，you________．
—No，you ________．
②—Must I do my homework?
—Yes，you________．
—No，you________．
③—May/Might I use your bike?
—Yes，you ________．＝Yes，you________．＝Yes，please.＝Sure/Certainly.
—No，you ________．
④—Can/Could you help me carry the bag?
—Yes，I ________．
⑤—Will/Would you come to party tonight?
—Yes，I________．
—Sorry，but I________．
⑥—Shall I tell him about it?
—No，you ________. I told him just now.
【答案】①must；needn't ＝don't have to ②must；needn't＝don't have to ③may；can；mustn't/can't ④can⑤will；can't ⑥needn't
5与情态动词有关的固定短语
①may/might well do 很可能做
may/might (just) as well do 不妨做
②cannot/can never...too＝cannot/can never...enough 越……越好
③would rather do和had better do
④A pencil will do (for sth.)＝A pencil will be suitable (for sth.)
⑤The car won't start.＝The car can't be started.
①I really ________ thank you enough. It's been an amazing day.
A. needn't
B. shouldn't
C. mustn't
D. cannot
②These are excellent photographs and we ________well use them in our magazine.
A. can
B. could
C. must
D. may
【答案】①D②D
6must和have to
①must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要；
②must一般只表示现在时，have to则有更多的时态形式。
用must和have to的适当形式填空：
①I ________ go now for I have got a meeting 15 minutes later.
②Jenny ________tidy up the room before her mother came back.
【答案】①have to②had to
7can，could和be able to的区别
①can用于现在时，could只用于过去时，be able to可用于各种时态；
②表示过去经过努力而做成某事要用was/were able to，而不用could。
用can，could和be able to的适当形式填空：
①Although the fire was big，everyone________ escape.
②Only in this way will you ________ finish the work in time.
【答案】①was able to②be able to
8will，would，used to
will，would和used to均表示“习惯”。
①will表示不受时间限制的习惯性动作；
②would表示过去习惯性的动作，但不涉及与现在情况的对比，后不能跟状态动词；
③used to表示过去习惯的动作或状态，但这种习惯现在已不存在了。
用will，would和used to填空：
①He ________ be late for school，but now he is seldom late.
②She ________ sit for hours without saying anything.
③He ________ walk by the river in the morning after he got up.
【答案】①used to②will③would
9虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
①错综时间条件句(动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整)。
②if省略句(在条件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句)。
③用介词或介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的有with，without，but for。
④含蓄条件句。用otherwise或but来体现虚拟语气。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①If you ________(go) to bed earlier last night，you ________(not be) sleepy now.
②If you________(not attend) the meeting yesterday，you________(not meet) him.
③I ________(be) ill yesterday. Otherwise，I ________(go) there.
④I ________(give) you more help，but I was too busy.
⑤But for the rain last Sunday，we ________(have) a picnic.
【答案】①had gone；wouldn't be ②hadn't attended；wouldn't have met ③was；would have gone ④would have g iven
⑤would have had
10as if/as though的用法
as if/as though引导的从句表示的情况可能会发生用陈述语气，表示的情况不可能发生则用虚拟语气。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①It looks as if it ______________(rain)．
②He speaks Chinese so fluently as if he ________(be) a Chinese.
③They talked as if they ______(be) friends for many years.
【答案】①is going to rain②were③had been
11If only...！句型的使用
If only＋句子＝How I wish＋that从句，句中用虚拟语气。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①If only I ________(be) a flying bird!
②If only I ________(go) home tomorrow!
③Look at the terrible situation I am in！If only I ________(follow) your advice.
【答案】①were②would go③had followed
12虚拟语气在名词性从句和固定句型中的使用
①表示建议、愿望、命令等词的名词性从句中，常见的词有demand，order，require，requirement，insist，suggest，suggestion，propose，proposal，advise，advice，recommend，desire，request，urge等，从句虚拟语气结构为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
②It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential/...＋that从句，从句中的谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
③wish (that) sb. did(表现在)/had_done(表过去)/would_do(表将来)(三种虚拟形式)
④would rather (that) sb. did(表现在和将来)/had_done(表过去)(两种虚拟形式)
⑤It's (about/high) time that sb. did sth./sb. should do sth.
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①His face suggested he ________(be) ill and we suggested that he ________(send) to hospital.
②He insisted he ________(be) right and that he ________(set) free.
③It is necessary that he ________(send) to Miami.
④I would rather he ________(come) tomorrow.
⑤It's time that we ________(take) measures.
⑥I wish I ________(see) the film yesterday.
【答案】①was; (should) be sent②was；(should) be set ③(should) be sent ④came⑤took/should take⑥had seen
13名词性从句在虚拟语气中的时态
如果状语从句是虚拟语气，从句或主句中的名词性从句则根据具体语境确定时态。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①If it were not the fact that she ________(can)not sing，I would invite her to the party tonight.
②If you came to our school，you would find that a library ________(build) now.
【答案】①can②is being built
1. (2014·江苏卷)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________ bring me food.
A. might
B. would
C. should
D. could
2. (2014·北京卷)________ I have a word with you? It won't take long.
A. Can
B. Must
C. Shall
D. Should
3. (2014·福建卷)________ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
A. Were there
B. Had there been
C. If there are
D. If there have been
4. (2014·安徽卷)People are recycling many things which they ________ away in the past.
A. had thrown
B. will be throwing
C. were throwing
D. would have thrown
5. (2014·陕西卷)We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
A. would stay
B. has stayed
C. stayed
D. stay
6. (2013·江苏卷)I should not have laughed if I ________ you were serious.
A. thought
B. would think
C. had thought
D. have thought
7. (2013·辽宁卷)Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He ________ too much at the party last night.
A. could drink
B. should drink
C. would have drunk
D. must have drunk
8. (2013·全国新课标卷)The door ________ open，no matter how hard she pushed.
A. shouldn't
B. couldn't
C. wouldn't
D. mightn't
9. (2012·江苏卷)—Happy birthday!
—Thank you! It's the best present I ________ for.
A. should have wished
B. must have wished
C. may have wished
D. could have wished
10. (2012·重庆卷)—________ you interrupt now？Can't you see I'm on the phone?
—Sorry sir，but it's urgent.
A. Can
B. Should
C. Must
D. Would
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. C
9. D 10. C
1. You can't imagine that a well－behaved gentleman ________ be so rude to the old.
A. might
B. need
C. should
D. would
2. Peter ________ be really difficult at times even though he's a nice person in general.
A. shall
B. should
C. can
D. must
3. —________ it be Li Ping who broke the glass?
—No. It ________ be Wang Hai who did it.
A. Could；may
B. Can；can
C. May；must
D. Can；must
4. When the old man was alive，he ________ sit for hours at the door.
A. would
B. could
C. must
D. might
5. —He ________ have been sent to hospital immediately.
—So he________，but all efforts made no difference.
A. should；was
B. must；did
C. ought to；had
D. can；has
6. He denied ________ stolen these watches and insisted that he ________ set free at once.
A. having；be
B. to have；be
C. having；was
D. to have；was
7. —Would you have told him the answer had it been possible?
—I would have，but I ________ so busy then.
A. had been
B. were
C. was
D. would be
8. Madonna ________ a straight－A student，but it was dancing that she was really crazy about.
A. must be
B. could be
C. must have been
D. could have been
9. He ________ have completed his work，otherwise he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should
B. must
C. wouldn't
D. can't
10. I was on the highway when his car went past followed by a police car. They ________ at least 150 kilometres an hour.
A. should have been doing
B. must have been doing
C. could have done
D. would have done
11. There________ be any difficulty in passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.
A. mustn't
B. shan't
C. shouldn't
D. needn't
12. Helen ________ go on the trip with us，but she isn't quite sure yet.
A. shall
B. must
C. may
D. can
13. —Who is the girl standing over there?
—Well，if you ________ know，her name is Mabel.
A. may
B. can
C. must
D. shall
14. “The interest ________ be divided into five parts，according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge.
A. may
B. should
C. must
D. shall
15. —It's hard to believe that Jack ________ have fought with the policeman.
—Yes. If one ________ ask for trouble，it can't be helped.
A. would；will
B. must；may
C. should；must
D. need；dare
16. —Why didn't Tom give you one of his paintings?
—I didn't want one，but he would have given me one if I ________．
A. did
B. would
C. will
D. had
17. —Shall I go and buy more food and drink for the party?
—No，we have prepared a fridge of those. That ________ be quite enough.
A. can
B. may
C. might
D. ought to
18. I ________ up early this morning，so I stayed in bed until 8 o'clock a．m.
A. needn't have got
B. didn't need to get
C. shouldn't have got
D. can't have got
19. He ________ an action movie on TV when I called him，for I could hear the sound of fighting over the phone.
A. must be watching
B. must have been watching
C. must have watched
D. must watch
20. —Has Mr.Tom White arrived?
—Yes，already. ________ he wait outside or just come in?
A. Shall
B. May
C. Could
D. Must
21. She ________ into the thick forest alone on such a dark night.
A. dares not go
B. dares not to go
C. dare not to go
D. doesn't dare go
22. —Why didn't the manager join us in hiking yesterday?
—I'm not sure. He ________ too busy to get away.
A. might be
B. must be
C. might have been
D. must have been
23. I met a girl yesterday who can express herself freely in both English and French. She ________ a gift for languages.
A. must have had
B. must have
C. should have had
D. should have
24. I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ________ find the money.
A. can
B. might
C. would
D. need
25. —Shall I tell her to come to see you?
—No，you ________．She's already been sent for.
A. needn't
B. shouldn't
C. mustn't
D. wouldn't
26. She ________ well refuse to speak to you，because she is in a very bad mood.
A. will
B. may
C. must
D. can
27. I tried to explain the problem to Mary, but she was so angry that she ________ listen.
A. couldn't
B. shouldn't
C. wouldn't
D. might not
28. —I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ________ it.
A. will have stolen
B. might have stolen
C. should have stolen
D. must have stolen
29. —You needn't take an umbrella. It isn't going to rain.
—Well, I don't know. It ________ do.
A. might
B. need
C. would
D. should
30. If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ________ able to speak it much better now.
A. will be
B. would be
C. has been
D. would have been
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. D
9. B 10. B 11. C 12. C 13. C 14. D 15. C 16. D
17. D 18. B 19. B 20. A 21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. B
全部倒装 1.here,there,out ,in，up，down，now，then，away，over，off等副词位于句首时，后面句子用全部倒装。(1)There goes the bell. (2)Here comes the bus. (3)Now comes my turn. (4)Then followed three day of rain. 注意：主语是代词时，不用此倒装结构 (5)Out rushed the children.=The children rushed out.(Out they rushed主语为代词时句子不倒装). (6)In came the teacher and the lesson began.=The teacher came in and the lesson began. In he came and the lesson began.主语为代词时句子不倒装 2.表语和地点状语位于句首表示强调意义时，后面用全部倒装，当表示时间的副词或介词词组位于句首时，常常引起全部倒装，注意：主谓一致。 (1)In the distance was a small boat=A small boat was in the distance. (2)Under a big tree sat an old man smoking a pipe.= An old man smoking a pipe sat under a big tree. (3)They arrived at a farm house ,in front of which sat a small boy. (4)On either side were rows of fruit trees. (5)Early in the morning came the news . 3.在一些表示祝愿的句子中 Long live China. 部分倒装 1.only修饰句子的状语位于句首时，后面引起部分倒装。 (1)I realized that I was wrong.=Only then did I realize that I was wrong. (2)You can solve the problem in this way.=Only in this way can you solve the problem. (3)He could go on studying when the war was over.= Only when the war was over（状语从句不倒装)could he go on studying. 注意：only修饰句子的主语或宾语时，句子不倒装 (1)Only he can work out such a difficult problem. (2)Only him we could find in the room just now. 2.含有否定意义的副词或连词位于句首时，后面用部分倒装。 (1)seldom, not ,never，little，few，nowhere，rarely，in no way，in no case ，by no means, at no time，under no circumstances，on no condition注意：in no time为“立刻，马上”的意思 (2)Hardly(Scarcely)… when No sooner… than( No sooner后用过去完成时并倒装：No sooner had sb done ,than sb did.) (3)Not only…but also（只在not only句中引起倒装，不在but also句中倒装）
2018高考英语动词时态和语态精讲精练 在高考英语中，动词的时态和语态是重中之重，试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态。要了解几种时态的一些常规规则，答题时要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。 时态主动语态形式被动语态形式 一般现在时am/is/are/do/does am/is/are done 一般过去时was/were/did was/were done 现在完成时has/have done has/have been done 现在完成进行 时 has/have been doing/ 现在进行时am/is/are doing am/is/are being done 过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done 过去完成时had done had been done 将来完成时will/shall have done will/shall have been done 一般将来时will/shall do am/is/are going to do am/is/are coming/leaving am/is/are to do am/is/are about to do will/shall be done am/is/are to be done 过去将来时would do was going to do was coming/leaving was to do was about to do would be done was/were to be done 将来进行时will/shall be doing/ 考点1一般现在时 一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理；表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来；表示预计或规定；方位副词或介词短语放在句首，主语是名词，且全部倒装时，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作；还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。练一练：用所给词的适当形式填空： ①I'll go there after I________(finish)my work. ②The water will be further polluted unless some measures________(take)． ③My train________(leave)at6：30. ④A snow________(expect)to come next week. ⑤Here________(come)the bus. ⑥This kind of cloth________(wash)well. ⑦Don't take it away.It________(belong)to me. ⑧He said water________(boil)at100℃. 考点2一般过去时和现在完成时 一般过去时(标志词：yesterday，just now，last year，the other day等)表示动作发生在过去，和现在毫无关系。 现在完成时(标志词：since，in the past/last years，just，recent(ly)，lately，so far＝up to now＝up until now＝by now，already，yet，several/many/...times)则强
高中英语语法精讲精练(一倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. A. the game had begun B. the game began
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. had he made D. he had made 8. --- What happened to his new car? --- No sooner _______ it than someone ran into it.
高中英语语法通霸 第一讲相关概念 考点1，词性的英文缩写 在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。如果我们在记单词时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。 缩写字母原词代表词性 n. noun 名词 v. verb 动词 vt. transitive verb 及物动词 vi. intransitive verb 不及物动词 modal v modal verb 情态动词 au. v auxiliary verb 助动词 adj. adjective 形容词 adv. adverb 副词 num. numeral 数词 Interj. Interjection 感叹词 pron pronoun 代词 prep preposition 介词 art. article 冠词 conj. conjunction 连词 考点2．及物动词和不及物动词 实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后而不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词 The door opened.（open后面没跟宾语，此时pen是不及物动词，） He opened the door.（open后面有宾语 the door，此时open是及物动词，） 注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关健是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。 A The meeting began at six．（ begin是不及物动词，） We began the meeting at six．（ begin是及物动词，） B The man walked away（walk是不及物动词，意为“走”） He walked the dog every day．（walk是及物动词，“遛”。）
一、基础练习 1、T h e r e a r e o n l y t w e l v e______i n t h e h o s p i t a l.． A. woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school.． A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law 3、——How many ______ does a cow have——Four. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies 4、Some______visited our school last Wednesday.． A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens 5、The_______ of the building are covered with lots of . A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three_______ missing.． A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies 7、That was a fifty_______ engine.． A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers 8、My father often gives me ______ A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a ______while she was washing up. A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup teas 10、Can you give us some ______ about the writer?． https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d5176540.html,rmations https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d5176540.html,rmation C.piece of informations D.pieces information 11、I had a cup of _____and two pieces of_____ this morning. A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, ______ travels much faster than ______. A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her ___ and ____ A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears 14、The rising _____have(has) a lot of ____to the crops. A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?”----About ______ . A.half an hour”s driv e B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn”t mine. It”s _____ . A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs” Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith”s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _______. A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my _____Last week I called at my _____. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’ 19、The beach is a ______throw. A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine ____sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
实用标准文案 文档大全专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点 近两年考查情态动词和虚拟语气的频率呈上升趋势。从整体上把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征，能够准确理解不同情态动词的细微差异，认真区别具有相同功能、意思相近的情态动词的用法，在真实的交际情景中印证和领悟情态动词的用法和特征。 1 情态动词所表示的多种含义 1. can和could的用法 ①表示能力。如： I can run fast. ②表示客观可能性。如： An experienced driver can have an accident at times. ③表示请求和允许。用could 语气更委婉。如： —Can/Could I go now? —Yes，you can. ④表示猜测、惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)。如：Can this be true? How can you be so careless! This cannot be done by him. 2. may和might的用法 ①表示许可。如： You may drive the car. —May/Might I use your pen? —No，you mustn't. ②用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如： May you succeed! ③表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。表推测的might并不是指过去时间，而表示比may把握性略小些。如： He may be very busy now. ④用于表示目的或让步状语从句中。如： No matter what difficulties you may come across，you shouldn't give up. 3. will 和would的用法 ①用于各种人称，表示“意志”“意愿”“决心”等。如： I told her to stop crying，but she just would not listen. ②用于第二人称的疑问句，表示说话人向对方提出请求。用would比用will语气更客气。如： Will/Would you please keep the door open? ③表示真理或习惯，意为“惯于，总是”。如： She will listen to music alone in her room for hours. He would get up early when
高中英语语法精讲精练
高中英语语法精讲精练 (一) 倒装句与强调结构 (2) (二) 定语从句 (8) (三) 分词与动名词 (13) (四) 动词不定式 (19) (五) 情态动词 (25) (六) 虚拟语气 (31) (八) 名词性从句和状语从句 (37) (九)冠词、名词 (43) (十)代词、形容词和副词 (49) 答案 (55) 17
(一) 倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. 17
A. the game had begun B. the game began C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. 17
高中英语语法讲义第二讲——特殊句式 倒装句 通常句式为自然语序“主语+谓语”，有时为了强调句子的某一部分，或者出于词汇用法、语法结构或修辞上的需要，将这种比较固定的语序加以颠倒，就形成了倒装。分为完全倒装，部分倒装和形式倒装。 一.完全倒装：谓语动词完全置于主语之前，主语为名词不为代词，谓语不用进行时。 1.一些表示地点、时间或方位等的副词或介词短语。如：here, there, now, then, up, down ,in, out, away, off, in the room, on the wall等置于句首。 Down came the rain and up went the umbrella. Then followed three days of heavy rain. Out rushed the children laughing loudly. Away flew the plane. 2.such 位于句首。 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest sc ientist. 注：此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。 Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 二．部分倒装：只把谓语的一部分（助动词，情态动词或be动词）置于主语之前 1.so+ be 动词/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语，意为“...也是如此”。 They love making lots of friends; so do I. 2.neither/nor+ be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，意为“...也不这样”。 Lily can’t ride a bicycle; neither/nor can Lucy. 3.否定词never, seldom, nor, not, little, hardly, scarcely等或表示否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition 等置于句首时。 Not a single mistake did he make. =He d idn’t make a single mistake. 4.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 Only then did I begin to understand him. Only in this way can we solve the problem. Only after the war did he learn the sad news. 5.so...that...和such...that...句式中，so或such及其所修饰的部分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood Such progress did he make that he won much respect.
二、名词 一、名词：具体或抽象的事物。 1)dog, boy, car, book, window, day 2)class, team, family, police 3)water, tea, milk, coffee, meat, gold 4)friendship, health, beauty, time 其中集体名词被当作一个整体时，要看作是单数，用单数的谓语动词。但当这些名词里的具体事物的各成员是被逐一单独考虑时，就用复数的谓语动词。 The football team is playing well.这个足球队踢得好。 The football team are having baths and are coming back for tea.足球队员们正在洗澡，然后他们就回来喝茶。 The family is a happy one.这是一个幸福的家庭。 My family are very pleased about the good news.这个好消息使我全家人都很高兴。Xiao Ming is a Chinese. 小名是个中国人。 The Chinese are brave and smart. 中国人很勇敢智慧。 二、难点：名词的复数 The thief’s wife killed a wolf with a knife and a leaf.
不规则变化： man→men男人woman→women女人 foot→feet脚tooth→teeth牙 goose→geese鹅mouse→mice鼠 ox→oxen公牛child→children儿童 单复数同形： deer，sheep，fish， Chinese，Japanese, yuan（注意西方货币有复数dollars, pounds） 只用复数的词： trousers裤子goods货物clothes衣物 glasses眼镜scissors剪刀people 人 有的名词既可以做可数名词，又可以做不可数名词。 glass 玻璃玻璃杯 paper 纸文件、试卷、报 重要提示： 1、单数可数名词永远不可以单独存在。 例句：牛在天上飞。 Ox is flying in the sky. × An ox is flying in the sky.√ Oxen are flying in the sky.√ 2、形如“num-n-adj”结构内的名词永远单数。此形式相当于一个形容词。 如：三米长three-meter-long 如果连字符，中间的名词不变复数式。 例：Amy is a seven-year-old girl. Amy是个7岁的小女孩。 三、不可数名词 不可数名词不能被a, an, many等直接修饰。但它们可以借助单位词表一定的数量。 如： a glass of water 一杯水 a piece of advice一条建议 a piece of paper 一张纸 四、可数名词和不可数名词各有其不同的修饰语 ①只修饰可数名词单数的 如a/an，one，another，either，neither，every，many a等。 I don’t like this book, give me another one.我不喜欢这本书, 请另外给我一本。Neither shoe feels comfortable.两只鞋都感觉不舒服。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away.[谚] 一天一个苹果, 医生不上门(比喻不生病)。 ②只修饰可数名词复数的 如these，those，few，many，a great number of，both，several及二以上的数词等。There are a few apples on the table. 桌子上有几个苹果。 There are few apples on the table. 桌子上几乎没苹果。 Were there many peopl e at the meeting? 有很多人到会吗?
名词性从句之高考真题精选（3） 1. Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue. A. which B. where C. how D. what 2. I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What 3. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do__________ it takes to save her life. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever 4. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ________ their parents speak at home. A. what B. that C. which D. one 5. I want to be liked and loved for __________I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how 6. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize silly mistakes I had made. A. what B. that C. how D. which 7. His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _________it is he is trying to express. A. that B. how C. who D. what 8. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ________ he thought was not good enough. A. where B. how C. what D. which 9. The how to book can be of help to ________wants to do the job. A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever 10. Could I speak to ________is in charge of International Sales please? A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever 11. __________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. whichever 12. _______fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A. What B. That C. This D. Which 13. Having checked the doors were closed, and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A. why B. that C. when D. where
语法专题一：定语从句 1. 定语从句的几个基本概念： 1) 先行词：即被定语从句修饰的名次或代词，通常位于定从的前面。 2) 先行词在从句中担当成份：根据不同成份，用相应的关系代词或关系副词。 3) 关系代词：即先行词在定从中作主、宾、表、定。 作主语：指物，则用that, which引导，且不能省略；指人，用that, who引导，不省略。 作宾语：即及物动词宾语和介词宾语：指物，用that, which引导，可省略； 指人，用that, who, whom引导，可省略。 注意：如将介词提到了定从之首，先行词指人，只能用whom; 指物只能用which。 作表语：一般指人、指物皆用that, 可省略。 作定语：指人、指物皆用whose,不省略。 4) 关系副词：即先行词在定从中作状语，指时间用when, 地点用where, 原因用why，亦 可用介词+which替代。 所谓作状语：即先行词不能直接放入从句中，需要有一个介词连接，而从句中却没有这个介词。 5) 非限制性定语从句：即用逗号与主句或先行词分开，用于补充说明。 (1) which: 用于指代先行词（物），或整个主句，不能省略。 (2) who / whom: 用于指代先行词（人），不能省略。 (3) all / some of + which / whom: 用于指代先行词的部分。 (4) as为关系代词，“正如、就像”的意思, 引导定从时可置于句首、句中或句末。 注意：在非限制性定从中，不能用that。 2. 一些特殊用法： 1) 一般只用that引导从句的情况： (1) 限制性定语从句中，当先行词被强调，如被any, every, each, few, little, no, some, the only, the very等修饰时； (2) 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等时； (3) 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时； (4) 先行词既有人又有物时； (5) 当句中已有who时，为避免重复。 2) 一般只用which引导从句的情况： (1) 引导非限制性定语从句，指前面的某名词或它前面的整个主句时； (2) 引导介词、介词短语提前的定语从句时； (3）当先行词为集体名词时，着眼于整体，用which；着眼于各个成员，用who； (4) 替代某些固定短语中的指示代词，如this, that等, 引导定从。 3) 由as引导的定语从句的几种常见情况： (1) as引导非限制性定语从句，说明整个主句的内容，和which引导定语从句代替整个 句子的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as则可以；在句中，as有“正如”、“就象” 之意，而which则没有此意； (2）当先行词前有the same，such修饰时，或在“so / as…as”结构中，表示“那样…… 以致”，后用关系代词as引导限制性定语从句； (3) 在such…as结构中，as为关系代词，替代先行词，引导的是定语从句；在such…that 结构中，that为连词，引导的是一个完整的结果状语从句。
动名词 《语法讲解》 一、动名词的句法功能 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。(一)、作主语 1）直接位于句首做主语。 Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。 Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。 〖注意〗：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数 2）用it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 式）。 3）动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。 Lao Li’s going there won’t be of much help. 老李去不会有多大帮助。 （二）、作宾语 （1）作动词的宾语 *某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stan d, put off, give up等。如： Would you mind opening the window?吧窗户打开好吗？ She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游。 Seeing the picture, he couldn’t help laughing. 看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。*在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词（短语）做宾语：find/think/consider… + it （形式宾语）+ no use/no good/useless… + v.ing（真正宾语）. I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。 Do you consider it any good trying again? 你认为再试一次有好处吗？ *形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。（2）作介词的宾语 *能接动名词的短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out,
简单句 谓语动词的变化-时态 So Charles was ahead of the game there, too. （CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section A) The marketers are also seeing big opportunities. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) 这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多威胁。(CET 4, 2014.12,Translation) The bamboo-eating animals are facing a lot of threats. … the process of urbanization will only accelerate in the decades to come… (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) But the Internet ’ s tremendous impact has only ju st begun. (CET 4, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) The royal environmentalist has been promoting radical ideas for most of his adult life. （CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section A) 谓语动词的变化-情态- 3 - …we can reduce urbanization ’s impact on the environment. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) 谓语动词的变化-语态 They are only limited by their curiosity and ambition. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) Silicon Valley executives are being shamed into adding women to their boards. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) 谓语动词的变化-否定 Governments don ’ t need informers any more. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) Sports cannot explain these similarities in performance. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section B) 谓语动词的变化-综合 The urbanization wave can ’ t be stopped … (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) 土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版牛津（Oxford）英语词典。(CET 6, 2014.06,Translation) The words tuhao and dama may be included in the new edition of Oxford English Dictionary. 主语宾语表语的变化 名词作主语 Many students entering college have weak skills in mathematics. (CET 4, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section A) That change is the rapid acceleration of urbanization. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) doing作主语 Finding ways to improve the lives of the remaining 20 percent seems more realistic than trying to restore an imaginary golden age. (CET 4, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) to do作主语