Unit 2 Robots
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．The boy’s new bike was______envy of his friends.
A．a B．the
C．/D．an
解析考查冠词。本句中envy为of his friends所限制，表特指。
答案B
2．How I______him the pleasure he had during the vacation!
A．envy B．admire
C．appreciate D．enjoy
解析句意：我多么忌妒他在假期间的快乐。admire“羡慕”后接for；appreciate欣赏；enjoy 喜欢。
答案A
3．I was about to______the phone when it was______.
A．reply；rung off B．receive；rung up
C．answer；rung off D．answer；rung up
解析answer the telephone“接电话”；ring off“挂断电话”。句意：我正要接电话，这时电话挂断了。
答案C
4．We feel sympathy______the deaths in the earthquake.
A．in B．for
C．with D．on
解析feel sympathy for“对某人深感同情”。
答案B
5．Out of______for the homeless children，he gave them shelter for the night.
A．pity B．shame
C．sympathy D．mercy
解析考查sympathy的用法。句意：出于对无家可归的孩子们的同情，他给他们提供了住处。out of sympathy for是固定短语，意为“出于对……的同情”，符合句意。pity“怜悯；惋惜”；shame“可惜；羞愧”；mercy“仁慈”；三者皆不合句意。
答案C
6．Many couples______to adopt the baby which survived the earthquake.
A．are desiring B．have been desiring
C．have desired D．desire
解析考查时态。desire“想要，渴望”，不用进行时，分析句子可知，此处不表示动作的先后，所以选项D合适。
答案D
7．Try to ______ at least an hour each day for learning new vocabulary.
A．set off B．set out
C．set aside D．set down
解析句意：争取每天至少抽出1小时时间学习新词汇。set aside为某种目的留出、拨出(金钱、时间)等，符合句意。
答案C
8．Tomorrow the mayor is to______a group of Canadian businessmen on a tour of the city.
A．coordinate B．accompany
C．cooperate D．associate
解析从“a tour of the city”，“the mayor”和“Canadian businessmen”可确定答案为accompany陪伴，陪同。coordinate调和，协调；cooperate合作；associate联合。句意：明天市长将陪同加拿大商人游览本市。
答案B
9．At 3：30 p．m.the chairman______the meeting closed.
A．decided B．declared
C．announced D．informed
解析考查动词的基本意思。根据句子意思，应该为“宣布”会议闭幕。
答案B
10．Gathering clouds______the coming storm.
A．declared B．turned out
C．connected D．announced
解析announce此处表示“显示，预告”。
答案D
11．______that______；you might break it.
A．Leave；off B．Leave；out
C．Leave；alone D．Leave；over
解析leave off“停止，结束”；leave out“忘掉，漏掉”；leave alone“不管，不打扰”；leave over “留下；剩下”。句意：别动它，否则你会把它弄坏的。
答案C
12．It’s unnatural for a mother to leave her child______to enjoy herself.
A．alone B．lonely
C．lone D．loneliness
解析leave...alone表示“丢下……不管”，是一个固定短语。
答案A
13．The escaped prisoner，______，looked up and stared in the direction where the noise came from.
A．alarming B．alarmed
C．having alarmed D．to be alarmed
解析由语境可知，这里描述的是越狱的囚犯听到声音的样子，所以应该用alarmed，意思是“惊恐的”。
答案B
14．If asked，I ______ his opinion of going abroad for further study.After all，it is a good chance to train himself.
A．declared for B．declared against
C．agreed on D．protected against
解析考查短语辨析。由下文的After all，it is a good chance to train himself可推知，“我”
是赞成他出国留学的，故选择declare for，其意为“宣布赞成”。declare against表态反对，声称反对；protect against“使……免受……”。
答案A
15．At the bad news，she was so sad ______ I had to stay here keeping her ______.
A．that；companion B．then；companies
C．that；company D．and；accompany
解析考查结果状语从句及固定搭配。句意：听到这个不好的消息，她如此悲伤以至于我得留下来陪她。此句采用了“so...that”结构，that引导的是结果状语从句；keep https://www.doczj.com/doc/644567513.html,pany为固定表达，意思是“陪伴某人”或“为某人作伴”。
答案C
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Deputy (副职) Head Teacher Wanted
Position：Deputy head teacher
Employer：Bracknell Forest Council
Published：10∶00 A．M.Mon.Dec.12,2011
Closing date：10∶00 A．M.Mon.Jan.16,2012
Working pattern：Full-time
Salary：￡20,000－￡34,999 per year
Location：Jennett’s Park Primary School，Bracknell，Berkshire
The governors are seeking to employ an enthusiastic deputy head teacher to be a key partner in founding and leading our brand-new primary school in Bracknell.
We offer：
●a brand-new school building
● the opportunity to work in close partnership with the head teacher and governors to create and develop a new staff team
●a growing community looking forward to their new school opening
●the opportunity for further professional development which will support you through the next stage of your career
●the opportunity to lead key projects across the school
You will be：
●an excellent classroom practitioner (从业人员)，who will enjoy shaping and delivering a broad，balanced and creative curriculum in class
●able to lead the staff by focusing on teamwork
●committed to working in partnership with parents and the nearby comm unity
For further information，you can contact the head teacher，Ms Maria Soulsby，by dialing 32899918 or you can send an email to maria，soulsby@https://www.doczj.com/doc/644567513.html,. You can also come to visit our school in person.
If you have not heard from us two weeks after the closing date，that means your application has not been accepted.Apply using Bracknell Forest Council application forms only；CVs (简历) will not be accepted.
This school is committed to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children and expects all staff to share this commitment.
All staff employed in the school must be aware that a check on the criminal record will be done.
【语篇解读】这是一则招聘副校长的广告。
1．According to the passage，the deputy head teacher________.
A．will work for the school as a part-time teacher
B．will have the opportunity to work with governors
C．doesn’t have to work with parents
D．must be aware of his criminal record
解析细节理解题。根据“We offer”中的第二点“the opportunity to work in close partnership with the head teacher and governors to create and develop a new staff team”可
知，副校长有机会同校长及董事一起工作。
答案 B
2．From the passage we can know that Jennett’s Park Primary School________.
A．has a long and old history
B．uses an old building
C．has a woman head teacher
D．wants to have a male deputy head teacher
解析细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中的“you can contact the head teacher，Ms Maria Soulsby”可知，该校有一名女校长。
答案 C
3．Whose application is likely to be accepted?
A．A person who sends the required application form on January 13,2012.
B．A person who sends a specially designed CV on January 15,2012.
C．A person who used to be a professional head teacher.
D．A person who is able to create a curriculum with his team members.
解析推理判断题。根据“Closing date：10∶00 A．M.Mon.Jan.16,2012”可知，在2012年1月13日发出的按要求做的申请表有可能被接受，故A项当选。根据倒数第三段最后一句可排除B项；原文没有涉及C项内容；D项与“You will be”中第一点的表述不符，享受塑造和提供一个广泛的、平衡的和有创意的课程是培养目标，而不是求职要求。
答案 A
B
“One City One Book” is a generic name (通称) for a community reading program that attempts to get everyone in a city to read and discuss the same book.Popular book picks have been Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird，Ernest Gaines’s A Lesson Before Dying，and Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451.
“One City One Book” programs take the idea of a localized book discussion club and expand it to cover a whole city.The first such program was “If All of Seattle Read the Same Book” in 1998，started by Nancy Pearl at Seattle Public Library’s Washington Center for the Book.The book chosen for the program was The Sweet Hereafter by Russell Banks，written in 1991.Other cities copied the idea，and the Library of Congress listed 404 programs occurring in 2007.
Each city’s program has its own goals；these typically include building a sense of community and promoting literacy.Nancy Pearl warns against expecting too much from a program：“Keep in mind that this is a library program，it’s not an exercise in civics，and that it’s not intended to have literature cure the racial divide.This is about a work of literature.”
Programs typically involve more than having everyone read the same book.Some other
activities that have been included are：book discussion sessions，scholarly lectures on the book or related topics，a visit by the author，exhibits，related arts programming (especially showing a movie of the book if there is one)，and integration into school curricula.In Boston the “One City One Story” program used shorter stories and distributed tens of thousands of free copies of the story over the course of a month.
American Library Association puts out a detailed step-by-step guide on how to organize a local program，including the critical step of picking the one book.The Center for the Book at the Library of Congress tracks all known programs and the books they have used.
【语篇解读】本文是说明文，介绍了美国开展的“一个城市，一本书”的读书活动。4．“One City One Book” programs________.
A．ask everyone in a city to donate one book
B．can rid a city of racial divide through reading
C．choose short stories for people to read
D．encourage everyone in a city to read and discuss the same book
解析细节理解题。从文章第一段第一句可知，这个活动旨在让同一个城市的人们读同一本书并共同评论这本书。
答案 D
5．We know from the second paragra ph that “One City One Book” programs________.
A．became popular very quickly
B．have been held more than 400 times in Seattle
C．were sponsored by the Library of Congress
D．reached its peak in 2007
解析推理判断题。从文章第二段可知，当西雅图在1998年首先推出这个活动以后，其他城市也纷纷效仿，到2007年这个活动已经在400多个城市推出，可见这个活动流行得非常迅速。
答案 A
6．We can infer from the third paragraph that Nancy Pearl________.
A．expects much from the programs
B．didn’t expect that the programs would run so well
C．has a practical attitude towards the programs
D．believes the programs will push forward community building
解析推理判断题。从文章第三段中Nancy Pearl的话可知，她警告人们不要对这个活动期望太多，说明她对这个活动持有十分务实的态度。
答案 C
7．What kind of role does American Library Association play in the programs?
A．It picks out the city which runs the programs well.
B．It gives free books to the host city.
C．It gives a practical guide to the programs.
D．It keeps a record of all known programs.
解析细节理解题。从文章最后一段可知，美国图书馆协会负责具体指导活动的开展。
答案 C
2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷Ⅲ） 英语答案解析 第一部分:阅读理解 第一节 1.【答案】A 【解析】题干问的是三月份可参加的旅行，而第一个项目San Francisco Winery Tour的时间是从2月1日到4月30日。故选A。 【考点】冠词，细节理解。 2.【答案】C 【解析】第二个项目Back to the Fifties Tour中提到在San Francisco你能免费品尝冰淇淋。而其他选项在这个旅行中没有被提到。故选C。 【考点】介词辨析，细节理解。 3.【答案】D 【解析】第四个项目Holiday Lights Tour的最后一句话提到”Advance reservations required”，由此可知，该旅行需要提前预定。故选D。 【考点】代词，细节理解。 4.【答案】B 【解析】根据第一段的最后一句”As one group of workers carried out the rubbish，another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the buildings end”可推断出工人们清理垃圾和清除座位及其他剧院设备是在为剧院的关闭做准备。故选B。 【考点】副词辨析，推理判断。 5.【答案】D 【解析】根据第二段中的”Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate”可知，剧院的老板亲自选定了The Last picture Show这部电影，因为他认为这部电影很合适。原文中的“appropriate”和D选项的“suitable都表示“合适的”。故选D。 【考点】细节理解。 6.【答案】C 【解析】第四段最后一句说剧院被卖给了当地的开发公司，该公司计划在剧院所在地建综合购物大楼，因此可推断出剧院将被推倒拆除。故选C。 【考点】动词的时态，推理判断。
考点一对质点、参考系和位移的理解 1．质点 (1)用来代替物体有质量的点叫做质点． (2)研究一个物体的运动时，如果物体的形状和大小对问题的影响可以忽略，就可以看做质点． (3)质点是一种理想化模型，实际并不存在． 2．参考系 (1)参考系可以是运动的物体，也可以是静止的物体，但被选为参考系的物体，我们都假定它是静止的． (2)比较两物体的运动情况时，必须选同一参考系． (3)选取不同的物体作为参考系，对同一物体运动的描述可能不同．通常以地球为参考系．3．位移 (1)定义：表示质点的位置变动，它是质点由初位置指向末位置的有向线段． (2)与路程的区别：位移是矢量，路程是标量．只有在单向直线运动中，位移的大小才等于路程． [思维深化] 判断下列说法是否正确． (1)只有质量和体积都很小的物体才能看成质点．(×) (2)平动的物体都可以看做质点，而转动的物体不能看做质点．(×) (3)参考系可以任意选取，但一般遵循描述运动方便的原则．(√) (4)当一个物体做竖直上抛运动返回原抛出点时，位移的大小等于上升高度的两倍．(×) 1．[对质点的理解]以下情景中，人或物体可以看成质点的是()
A．研究一列火车通过长江大桥所需的时间 B．乒乓球比赛中，运动员发出的旋转球 C．研究航天员翟志刚在太空出舱挥动国旗的动作 D．用GPS确定打击海盗的“武汉”舰在大海中的位置 答案 D 解析长江大桥虽长，但火车长度与之相比不能忽略，不符合“物体的大小或形状对研究的问题没有影响，或者对研究问题可以忽略时，物体就可以看做质点”的条件，选项A错误；既然是“旋转球”，就是要研究球的旋转的，如果把它看成质点，则掩盖了其旋转的特点，故不能把它看做质点，选项B错误；研究航天员翟志刚在太空出舱挥动国旗的动作时，突出的是看清“挥动国旗的动作”，不能把翟志刚看成质点，选项C错误；用GPS确定“武汉”舰在大海中的位置时，突出它的“位置”，可以把“武汉”舰看成质点(船的大小与大海相比，其大小可以忽略)，故选项D正确． 2．[对参考系的理解](多选)从水平匀速飞行的直升机上向外自由释放一个物体，不计空气阻力，在物体下落过程中，下列说法正确的是() A．从直升机上看，物体做自由落体运动 B．从直升机上看，物体始终在直升机的后方 C．从地面上看，物体做平抛运动 D．从地面上看，物体做自由落体运动 答案AC 3．[对质点、参考系和位移的理解]在“金星凌日”的精彩天象中，观察到太阳表面上有颗小黑点缓慢走过，持续时间达六个半小时，那便是金星，这种天文现象称为“金星凌日”，如图1所示．下面说法正确的是() 图1 A．地球在金星与太阳之间 B．观测“金星凌日”时可将太阳看成质点 C．以太阳为参考系，金星绕太阳一周位移不为零 D．以太阳为参考系，可以认为金星是运动的 答案 D 解析金星通过太阳和地球之间时，我们才看到金星没有被太阳照亮的一面呈黑色，选项A
绝密★启封前试卷类型A 2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国1卷）
英语 （考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分） 第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分) 略 第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Pacific Science Center Guide ◆Visit Pacific S cience Center’s Store Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laster Dome. ◆Hungry Our exhibits will feed your mind but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The caféis located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes. ◆Rental Information Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required. ◆S upport Pacific Science Center Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and beings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we connot achieve without generous support
徐老师 2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语 (考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分) 注意事项： 1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号 涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分) 做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡ 19.15. B. ￡ 9.18. C. ￡ 9.15. 答案是C。 1. What does the woman think of the movie? A. It’s amusing. B. It’s exciting. C.It’s disappointing. 2. How will Susan spend most of her time in France? A. Traveling around. B. Studying at a school. C. Looking after her aunt. 第1页
3. What are the speakers talking about? A. Going out. B. Ordering drinks. C. Preparing for a party. 4. Where are the speakers? A. In a classroom. B. In a library. C. In a bookstore. 5. What is the man going to do? A. Go on the Internet. B. Make a phone call. C. Take a train trip. 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟；听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。 6. What is the woman looking for? A. An information office. B. A police station C. A shoe repair shop. 7. What is the Town Guide according to the man? A. A brochure. B. A newspaper. C. A map. 听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。 8. What does the man say about the restaurant? A. It’s the biggest one around. B. It offers many tasty dishes. C. It’s famous for its seafood. 9. What will the woman probably order? A. Fried fish. B. Roast chicken. C. Beef steak. 听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。 10. Where will Mr. White be at 11 o’clock? A. At the office. B. At the airport. C. At the restaurant. 11. What will Mr. White probably do at one in the afternoon? A. Receive a guest. B. Have a meeting. C. Read a report. 第2页
第2章第8讲 考点一 钠的性质及应用 题组一 钠与水的反应及拓展应用 1．答案 D 解析 钠与盐酸反应时钠先与H＋反应，离子方程式表示为2Na＋2H ＋===2Na＋＋H ↑，A错误；B错误；X烧杯中生成的溶质为NaOH，Y烧 2 杯中生成的溶质为NaCl，Z烧杯中生成NaOH，由于原溶质为NaOH，故Z烧杯中物质的量浓度最大，C错误；因向三个烧杯中加入钠的物质的量相同且钠全部反应完，故生成H2的量相同，D正确。 2．答案 ①④⑤⑦ 解析 2Na＋2H2O===2NaOH＋H2↑，①中Mg2＋＋2OH －===Mg(OH) ↓；④中反应消耗水，溶液温度升高，Ca(OH)2的溶解度 2 降低，析出Ca(OH)2产生沉淀；⑤中Ca2＋＋HCO＋OH－===CaCO3↓＋H2O；⑥中生成的Cu(OH)2是蓝色沉淀，不符合题意；⑦中水减 少，c(Na＋)增大，使NaCl(s)Na＋(aq)＋Cl－(aq)平衡向左移动。3．答案 c>a>b 钠与上述三种物质反应的实质都是钠与H＋间的置换反应，H＋浓度的大小决定了反应速率的快慢，由三种物质电离H＋的能力可知H＋浓度的大小顺序为c>a>b，因而反应速率为c>a>b 题组二 钠与水反应实验拓展 4．答案 (1)abd (2)b 解析 (1)钠投入饱和NaOH溶液中，发生的反应为2Na＋ 2H2O===2NaOH＋H2↑，其现象与钠在水中的反应现象相同；又因为原溶液是饱和的，反应消耗水，析出NaOH固体，则NaOH溶液浓度不变，但溶液体积减小，故Na＋数目减少。(2)Na和H2O反应产生H2的同时产生NaOH，NaOH可以和Al发生反应2Al＋2NaOH＋
第二节(共10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62(effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67(be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. 翻译：最近，在食品服务业方面有一种朝着低脂肪和少盐的趋势。这种趋势最初是由医学界发起，用来作为防御心脏病的一种方式，已经产生一些意料之外的副作用，例如，肥胖 和心脏病，这正好是医学界致力去防御的疾病。 脂肪和盐分是每日膳食中的重要部分。我们需要他们去加工处理摄入的食物、有助于伤病的恢复和满足几项人体正常的运作。当脂肪和盐分从食物当中被去除了，食物尝起来 好像有所缺失。结果，人们会吃更多的食物来补偿缺失的东西。甚至更糟糕的是，人们吃 了更多的快餐食品。快餐中脂肪和盐的含量很高；由于吃了更多的快餐，人们会摄入比他 们在饮食中所需要的更多的盐分和脂肪。 通过每日饮食摄入足够的脂肪和盐分会减少在两餐之间吃点心的欲望，而且会提高你的食物的味道。然而，要注意不要摄入过量。跟其他食物一样，我们也有可能会吃太多， 这一点是对我们的健康不利。 61.as 考查介词。根据句意“这一趋势最开始被医学界作为一种治疗心脏病方法”可知这里 表达“作为”之意，所以答案填as。 62.effects 考查名词单复数。有前面的修饰短语some可知这里的side effects应该用复数，所以答案填effects。 63.to process 考查非谓语动词。根据固定短语be required to do sth.“被要求做某事”可知此处答案填to process。
绝密★启封前试卷类型A 2017 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国 1 卷）
英语 （考试时间： 120 分钟试卷满分：150分） 第一部分听力 (共两节，满分 30 分)略 第二部分阅读理解 (共两节，满分 40 分 ) 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、 B、 C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Pacific Science Center Guide ◆Visit Pacific Science Center ’s Store Don’ t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’ s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or remember your visit. The store is located(位于 ) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laster Dome. ◆Hungry Our exhibits will feed your mind but what about your body? Our caf offers aécomplete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The caf is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes. ◆Rental Information Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required. ◆S upport Pacific Science Center Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and beings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It an amazing accomplishment and one we connot achieve without generous support
第1讲 地球仪与地图 考点一 地球仪与经纬网 1．地球的形状和大小 由上图知：地球赤道半径略大于极半径，故其形状特点是：两极稍扁、赤道略鼓的椭球体。 2．地球仪 (1)地轴：地球仪上，地球绕转的轴，其倾斜方向不变——北端始终指向北极星。 (2)两极：地轴穿过地心，与地球表面相交的两点。 (3)经线和纬线的特点 ①经线特点????? 所有经线长度都相等，长约2万千米所有经线都相交于南、北极点 两条相对应的经线构成一个经线圈，将地球 平分为两个半球 ②纬线特点???? ? 纬线是大小不等的圆圈赤道是最大的纬线圈，越往两极，纬线圈越小 每条纬线与每条经线垂直相交
(4)经度和纬度 经度纬度 图示 划分从本初子午线向东、向西各分180°从赤道向南、向北各分90° 分布规律东经度的度数愈向东愈大，西经度 的度数愈向西愈大 北纬的度数愈向北愈大，南纬 的度数愈向南愈大 划分半球20°W～0°～160°E为东半球， 160°E～180°～20°W为西半球 以赤道为界，以北为北半球， 以南为南半球 特殊经纬度①本初子午线为东西经分界线。 ②180°经线大致与日界线重合 ①30°纬线是中、低纬度界 线；60°纬线是中、高纬度界 线。 ②回归线是热带、温带界线， 极圈是温带、寒带界线 经度和纬度的判断方法 (1)东西经的判断：顺地球自转方向数值逐渐增大的为东经，数值逐渐减小的为西经。 (2)南北纬的判断：数值自南向北逐渐增加的为北纬；数值自北向南逐渐增加的为南纬。 经过地球球心的一条直线与地表相交的两点互为对跖点。已知甲地(30°S,45°E)和乙地互为对跖点。读图，回答1～2题。 1．与乙地经纬度相同的是( ) A．① B．②
2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷1） 英语 （考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分） 注意事项： 1.本试卷由四个部分组成。其中，第一、二部分和第三部分の第一节为选择题。第三部分の第二节和第四部分为非选择题。 2.答卷前，考生务必将自己の姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 3.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目の答案标号涂黑；回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟の时间将试卷上の答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给のA、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷の相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟の时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡ 19. 15. B. ￡ 9. 18. C. ￡ 9. 15. 答案是C。 1.What does the woman think of the movie? A.It’s amusing B.It’s exciting C.It’s disappointing 2.How will Susan spend most of her time in France? A. Traveling around B.Studying at a school C.Looking after her aunt 3.What are the speakers talking about? A. Going out B.Ordering drinks C.Preparing for a party 4.Where are the speakers? A.In a classroom B.In a library C.In a bookstore 5.What is the man going to do ?
教材文言文考点化复习 必修1 ——《烛之武退秦师》《荆轲刺秦王》《鸿门宴》 一、了解并掌握常见的古代文化知识 1．《左传》：我国第一部叙事详细的编年史著作，相传为春秋末年鲁国史官左丘明所作，为后世叙事散文树立了典范。“传”意为注释，《左传》即是给儒家经典《春秋》所作的注释。《左传》也称《左氏春秋》《春秋左氏传》，与《公羊传》《谷梁传》合称“春秋三传”。 2．晋侯．、秦伯．围郑 侯、伯：春秋时期公、侯、伯、子、男五等爵位中的两种。爵位、爵号，是古代皇帝对贵戚功臣的封赐。后代爵称和爵位制度往往因时而异。 3．敢以烦执事 ．． 执事：在古代有多种意思，①从事工作，主管其事；②有职守之人，即官员；③指供役使者，仆从；④对对方的敬称；⑤侍从。本文指对办事的官吏的敬称。 4．《战国策》：中国古代的一部历史学名著。它是一部国别体史书，又称《国策》。由西汉刘向所整理编写，共33卷，分为12策。《国语》是第一部国别体史书。 5．至易水 ．．上，既祖． 易水：也称易河，河流名，位于河北省易县境内，分南易水、中易水、北易水。因燕太子丹送荆轲刺秦于此作别，高渐离击筑，荆轲合着音乐高歌“风萧萧兮易水寒，壮士一去兮不复还！”而名扬天下。后人常用“易水”指代“荆轲”或“易水歌”。 祖：临行祭路神，引申为饯行和送别。 6．为变徵 ．．之声复为慷慨羽．声 变徵、羽：古时音乐七音中的两种声调。古时音乐分宫、商、角、徵、羽、变宫、变徵七音。变徵是徵音的变调，声调悲凉。 7．厚遗秦王宠臣中庶子 ．．．蒙嘉 中庶子：管理国君的车马之类的官。 8．乃朝服，设九宾 ．． 九宾：九宾之礼，是我国古代外交上最为隆重的礼节，有九个迎宾赞礼的官员司仪施礼，并
绝密★启用前 2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语 （考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分） 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 3.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A．￡ 19.15. B．￡9.18. C．￡9.15. 答案是C。 1．What will the woman do this afternoon? A．Do some exercise. B．Go shopping. C．Wash her clothes. 2．Why does the woman call the man? A ．To cancel a flight. B．To make an apology. C．To put off a meeting. 3．How much more does David need for the car? A．$ 5,000. B．$20,000. C．$25,000. 4．What is Jane doing? A．Planning a tour. B．Calling her father. C．Asking for leave.
单元基础知识排查(七) 第一关：测基础判正误 1不同基因突变的概率是相同的(X ) 2. 基因突变的方向是由环境决定的(X ) 3. —个基因可以向多个方向突变(V ) 4. 细胞分裂中期不发生基因突变( X ) 5. 一般来说，只有发生在生殖细胞中的突变才能通过配子遗传给下一代( V ) 6. 基因突变不仅是可逆的，而且大多数突变都是有害的( V ) 7. 基因突变一般发生在细胞分裂间期的DNA 复制过程中( V ) 8. 由于基因突变是不定向的，所以控制直毛的基因可以突变为控制长毛的基因( X ) 9. 获得能产生人胰岛素的大肠杆菌的原理是基因突变( X ) 10. 非同源染色体片段之间局部交换可导致基因重组( X ) 11. 同源染色体上的基因也可能发生基因重组( V ) 12. 发生在水稻根尖内的基因重组比发生在花药中的更容易遗传给后代( X ) 13. 染色体结构变异是染色体的一个片段增加、缺失或替换等，而基因突变则是DNA 分子中碱基对的替换、增添或缺失( V ) 14. 原核生物和真核生物均可以发生基因突变，但只有真核生物能发生染色体变异( V ) 15. 基因突变一般是微小突变，其对生物体影响较小，而染色体结构变异是较大的变异，其对生物体影响较大( X ) 16. 多数染色体结构变异可通过显微镜观察进行鉴别，而基因突变则不能( V ) 17. 作物育种中最简捷的方法是杂交育种和单倍体育种( X )
18. 采用克隆的方法培育作物品种能保持亲本的优良性状( V ) 19. 体细胞中染色体组数为奇数的作物品种都是经花药离体培养得来的( X ) 20. 未经受精的卵细胞发育成的植物，一定是单倍体( V ) 21. 含有两个染色体组的生物体，一定不是单倍体 ( X ) 22. 基因型为aaaBBBCcc 的植株一定不是单倍体( X ) 23. 基因型为Abcd 的生物体一般是单倍体( V ) 24. 四倍体水稻与二倍体水稻杂交，可得到三倍体水稻，稻穗、米粒变小( X ) 25. 单倍体育种是为了获得单倍体新品种( X ) 26. 观察细胞有丝分裂中期染色体形态可判断基因突变发生的位置( X ) 27. 基因突变会产生新的基因，新的基因是原有基因的等位基因；基因重组不产生新的基因，但会形成新的基因型(V ) 28. 基因重组是生物变异的主要来源；基因突变是生物变异的根本来源(V ) 29. 六倍体小麦通过花药离体培养培育成的个体是三倍体(X ) 30. 单倍体细胞中只含有一个染色体组，因此都是高度不育的；多倍体是否可育取决于细胞 中染色体组数是否成双，如果染色体组数是偶数可育，如果是奇数则不可育( X ) 31. 在减数分裂过程中，无论是同源染色体还是非同源染色体间都可能发生部分的交叉互换，这种交换属于基因重组( X ) 32. 杂交育种与基因工程育种依据的遗传学原理是基因重组；诱变育种依据的原理是基因突变；单倍体育种与多倍体育种依据的原理是染色体变异( V ) 33. 用秋水仙素处理单倍体植株后得到的一定是二倍体( X ) 34. 由二倍体加倍后产生的四倍体，与原来的二倍体是同一个物种( X ) 35. 体细胞中含有两个染色体组的个体就是二倍体( X ) 36. 杂交育种一定需要较长时间( X )
2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标III） （考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分） 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) A San Francisco Fire Engine Tours San Francisco Winery Tour Running: February 1st through April 30th This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in tickets price) Departing from the Cannery: Tell time upon request. Duration(时长)：2 hours Price: $90 Back to the Fifties Tour Running: August 16th through August 31st This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco’s most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream. Departing form the Cannery 5:00 pm and 7:00 pm Duration:2 hours Price:$90 Spooky Halloween Tour Running: October 10th through October 31st Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district .Authentic fire gear （服装）is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco Departing from the Cannery:6:30 pm and 8:30 pm Duration :1 hour and 30 minutes Price: Available upon request Holiday Lights Tour Running: December 6th through December 23nd This tractive four takes you to some of San Francis’s most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit. Departing from the Cannery 7:00 pm and 9:00 pm Duration: I hour and 30 minutes Advance reservations required. 21.Which of the tours is available in March? A.San Francisco Winery Tour. B.Back to the Fifties Tour. C.Spooky Hallowen Tour. D.Holiday Lights Tour. 22.What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tours? A.Go to Treasure Island. B.Enjoy the holiday scenes. C.Have free ice cream. D.Visit the Presidio district. 23.What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour? A.Take some drinks. B.Set off early in the morning.
专题六人口与环境 一、选择题(本大题共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，不选、多选、错选均不得分) 丹顶鹤自然保护区位于中部沿海，这里芦苇丛生，是我国最大的滩涂湿地。每年11月到次年3月，丹顶鹤会在滩涂地越冬。近年来滩涂面积年增900公顷。结合“丹顶鹤迁徙路线图”，完成1～2题。 1.影响丹顶鹤迁徙的主要原因是( ) A.风向季节变化 B.气温季节变化 C.湿地水量季节变化 D.栖息地面积变化 2.丹顶鹤在湿地越冬比在迁徙路线上的辽河口、黄河口湿地具有的优势是( ) A.食物来源丰富 B.人类活动较弱 C.气候温暖湿润 D.滩涂面积最大 答案 1.B 2.C 解析第1题，本题考查地理环境对生物的影响。依据图示信息可知，丹顶鹤栖息地只有纬度位置有明显的改变，据此可以判断影响其迁徙的主要原因是气温季节变化。第2题，本题考查区域环境特征。对比分析湿地与辽河口、黄河口湿地，因湿地位于亚热带季风气候区，所以其更具有气候方面的优势。 读“陆地环境主要构成要素的相互关联图”，完成3～4题。 3.松花江和珠江水文特征不同，关键是图中哪个箭头代表的含义所起的作用( )
A.① B.② C.③ D.④ 4.能表示黄土高原地貌特征形成的箭头是( ) A.⑤ B.⑥ C.⑦ D.⑧ 答案 3.A 4.B 解析第3题，松花江的水文特征是水位较低，流量相对较小，有结冰期；珠江的水文特征是水位高、流量大，无结冰期。松花江和珠江水文特征明显的不同在于水量(与降水要素有关)和有无结冰期(与气温要素有关)，而气温和降水是气候的两大要素，与图中序号①所示含义相符。第4题，黄土高原地貌特征是千沟万壑(沟谷发育，支离破碎)，其形成原因主要是流水的侵蚀作用(冲刷、切割作用)，属水文要素的影响。 (2016·平湖模拟)地表环境中各事象之间都是相互联系的，当某事象发生变化时就会给其他事象带来影响，甚至发生一系列的变化。读图完成5～6题。 5.图中所示，中心事象(甲)是指( ) A.森林破坏 B.气候变化 C.人口数量增多 D.冰雪覆盖扩大 6.上图反映了自然地理环境的( ) A.综合性 B.区域性 C.整体性 D.差异性 答案 5.A 6.C 解析第5题，森林具有涵养水源、保持水土、净化空气、吸收二氧化碳、调节地表径流等作用。森林的破坏会引发一系列生态环境问题。第6题，自然环境一个要素的变化引起其他要素的变化，体现了地理环境的整体性。 水分盈亏量是降水量减去蒸发量的差值，反映气候的干湿状况。当水分盈亏量>0时，表示水分有盈余，气候湿润；当水分盈亏量<0时，表示水分有亏缺，气候干燥。下图为“我国两地年平均水分盈亏和温度曲线图”。读图，完成7～8题。
2017年高考英语全国卷Ⅱ 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） A In the coming months, we are bringing together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking S hakespeare’s plays in their own language, in our globe, within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for. please come and join us. National Theatre Of China Beijing|Chinese This great occasion(盛会) will be the national Theatre of C hina’s first visit to the UK. The company’s productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. This production of Shakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s Associate Director, Wang Xiaoying. Date &Time: Saturday 28 April,2.30pm&Sunday 29 April,1.30pm&6.30pm Marjanishvili Theatre Tbilisi |Georgian One of the most famous theatres in Georgia, the Marjanishvili, founded in 1928,appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world. This new production of As You Like It is helmed（指导）by the company’s Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze. Date & Time : Friday 18May,2.30pm&Saturday 19May,7.30pm Deafinitely Theatre London | British Sign Language （BSL） By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience. Date&Time: Tueaday 22 May,2.30pm&Wednesday 23 May,7.30pm Habima National Theatre Tel Aviv| Hebrew The Habima is the centre of Hebrew-language theatre worldwide, Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s,Since 1958,they have been recognized as the national theatre of Israel. This production of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK. Date &Time: Monday 28May,7.30&Tuesday 29 May,7.30pm 21.which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China? A. Richard Ⅲ. B. Lover’s Labour’s Lost. C.As You Like It. D. The merchant of Venice. 22.What is special about Deafinnitely Theatre? A. It has two groups of actors. B. It is the leading theatre in London. C. It performs plays in BSL. D. It is good at producing comedies. 23.When can you see a play in Hebrew? A. On Saturday 28Apil. B. On Sunday 29 April. C. On Tuesday 22 May. D. On Tuesday 29 May. B I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film— it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would hav e listened to their agents or the studio powers. The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft （技艺）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other— but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core（核心）of our relationship off the screen. We shared the bel ief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back—he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps fo r kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events. I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words. 24.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first? A. Paul Newman wanted it. B. The studio powers didn’t like his agent. C. He wasn’t famous enough. D. The director recommended someone else. 25.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship? A. They were of the same age. B. They worked in the same theater. C. They were both good actors. D. They have similar characteristics. 26.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Their belief. B. Their care for children. C. Their success. D. Their support for each other. 27.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To show his love of films. B. To remember a friend. C. To introduce a new movie. D. To share his acting experience. C Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle —named the Transition – has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon. Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000. And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway. Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards. Mann said Terraf ugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement