SQ1型机械过滤器SQ1 Type Mechanical Filter
使用说明书
Operation Manual
2012.10
目录
1、设备结构和特点 (3)
1、Equipment Structure and Characteristics
2、过滤器的工作原理 (4)
2、Working Principle of the filter
3、主要技术参数 (6)
3、Main Technical Data
4、滤料选用要求 (7)
4、Requirements for selection of filtering medium
5、滤料填装 (8)
5、Loading of filter medium
6、运行及调试 (9)
6、Operation and debugging
7、安装维修 (11)
7、Installation and Maintenance
机械过滤器
Mechanical Filter
1、设备结构和特点
1.1SQ1型全自动过滤器，其工作原理是利用欲过滤水的浮力，重力及压力自动进行水
进水、过滤、出水、加压及排污等工作，无需专人操作管理，具有较高的节水、节电、节人工。
1.2循环回流旁滤水通过回流压力进入全自动过滤器，经过石英砂和无烟煤滤层，把悬
浮物截流在滤层中，滤层阻力逐渐增加，促使平衡箱中水位升高，达到一定程度，形成真空发生虹吸作用，利用平衡箱中的清水反冲滤层，当达到平衡水箱下位时，反洗结束，进行正常过滤，这样循环作用，使过滤器不停运转，产出清水。
1.3SQ1型全自动过滤器比常规压力过滤器或重力式无阀过滤池节省基建投资50-60%
（以单套设备计算）。
1.4SQ1型全自动过滤器比重力式过滤器节省电耗10-15%，比常规压力过滤器省电
20-30%。
1.5SQ1型全自动过滤器为重力式过滤器，工作压力低，循环水回水压力只需大于
0.06Mpa就能正常工作，不要另外设置过滤循环泵。
1.6SQ1型全自动过滤器在单台设备运行时可不装操作阀门；如果有两台以上同时并联
运行时，需安装进出水阀门来调节流量或维修时可通过阀门来控制单台运行。
1.7排污阀是用来外部调节反冲洗强度的，调好以后一直不需操作变动。
1.8设备可选用单层滤料和双层滤料。单层滤料为石英砂，滤层填装高度为700mm。
双层滤料上层为无烟煤，滤层填装高度为400mm，下层为石英砂，滤层填装高度为400mm，总高度为800mm。
1、Equipment Structure and Characteristics:
1.1 SQ1 type full automatic filter uses the floating force, gravity and pressure of the
filtered water to complete the activities of water inlet, filtering, water outlet, pressurizing and sewage drainage etc automatically without operation by operators, which has saved much costs related to water, electricity and labor.
1.2 The circulation backflow sidestream filter water flows into the full automatic filter
and through the quartz sand and anthracite filtering medium layers to let the suspended solids intercepted by the filtering medium. With the increase of the
resistance among the filtering medium layers, the water level inside the balancing tank will also rise to certain level bringing the vacuum state, which then will lead to siphon action. The clean water inside the balancing tank will be used to backwash the filtering medium. When the water level in the balancing tank declines to the lower level, the backwashing will end and the normal filtering process begins. The circulation activity makes the running of filter uninterrupted with output of clean water.
1.3 The construction cost of SQ1 type full automatic filter is 50 -60% lower than that of
the traditional pressure filter or gravity valveless filter (for single equipment).
1.4 SQ1 type full automatic filter may save the electric cost by 10-15% as compared
with gravity type filter and 20-30% as compared with traditional pressure filter;
1.5 SQ1 full automatic filter is a gravity type filter with lower working pressure. The filter
can work normally when the circulation backflow pressure is only a bit more than
0.06Mpa with no requirement for additional filtering circulation pump.
1.6 Valves may not be installed if SQ1 full automatic filter works singly; while if two or
more filters operate in parallel, water inlet and outlet valves shall be installed to control the flow rate or control the operation of single equipment during maintenance.
1.7 The sewage drain valve is applied outside to adjust the backwashing intensity and
no more adjustment is needed after completion of adjustment.
1.8 Single layer filtering medium or double layer filtering medium may be applied in the
equipment. Quartz sand will be adopted for single-layer filtering medium with loading height of 700mm.
As for double-layer filtering medium, the upper layer is for anthracite with loading height of 400mm and the lower layer is for quartz sand with loading height of 400mm and the total height is 800mm.
2、过滤器的工作原理
过滤时的流程是：原清水经配水箱、U形管进入滤池顶部的布水挡板均匀地布水于滤料层中，自水上而下通过滤料层过滤，过滤水从水帽水系统进入集水区后，通过连通管流到冲洗水箱—即出水箱，当水位上升至出水溢流口时，过滤水就流入清水池。
滤池刚投入运行时，滤料层较清洁，但当运行到一定的时间之后，由于滤料层中固体颗粒杂质的逐渐增多，因此水头损失也随之增加，水为就沿着虹吸上升管慢慢升高，等水头损失增大到一定程度之后，使虹吸上升管中的水位升高到虹吸辅助管管口时，水便从辅助管中急速流下，依靠水流的硖气和引射作用，通过抽气管不断带走虹吸管中的空气，是虹吸管形成真空，虹吸上升管中的水便大量地越过管顶，沿虹吸管下降管落下，这时，就开始了反冲洗过程。冲洗水箱的水经过连通渠、集水区和陪水系统从下而上冲洗滤料层，冲洗的废水通过虹吸管，流入排水箱，从水封堰溢流至沟渠。在冲洗过程中，水箱的水位逐渐下降，约冲洗5min左右，水箱水位下降到虹吸破坏器缘口以下时，虹吸破坏管会把器内的存水吸光，露出管口，空气迅速从虹吸破坏管进入虹吸管顶，虹吸即被破坏，冲洗过程就此结束，过滤又重新开始。
在滤池的运行过程中，遇到出水水质不理想，或是滤层阻力过大，这时，可以进行人工强制反冲洗。当打开人工强制反冲洗压力管阀门，通过压力水抽走虹吸管的空气，即可达到人为的强制冲洗的目的。
2、Working Principle of the filter:
The filtering process flow is as following: Raw clean water flows to the water distribution baffle at the top of the filtering tank through the water distribution tank and U pipe, then flows through the filtering medium layers from top to bottom filtering process, then the filtered water flows to the water collection area and then to the flush water tank through the connecting pipe – namely the outlet water tank. When water level rises to the overflow, filtered water flows to the clean water tank.
When the filtering tank is initially put into operation, the filtering medium is relative clean, but with the increase of the solid particles intercepted among the filtering medium after certain period of operation, the water head loss will also increase, then water will slowly rise along the siphon ascending pipe, then when the water head loss increase to the rated level and when the water level in the siphon ascending pipe rises to the level of siphon auxiliary pipe, water will flow downward at rapid speed from the auxiliary pipe, which will take away the air in the siphon pipe through the water flow injection to make the siphon in vacuum state. Then water in the siphon ascending pipe will overflow the pipe top and drops along the siphon descending pipe, which start the backwashing process. Water inside the flush water tank will flow through the siphon pipe to the water drain tank, then from the water sealing overflow to the ditch. During
the washing process, the water level inside the water tank keeps decreasing; after about 5 minutes of washing, the water level inside the water tank will decrease to below the rim of siphon breaking pipe, then the siphon breaking pipe will suck all the remainder water in the tank and expose the pipe nozzle, then air will swiftly flows to the siphon pipe top through the siphon breaking pipe, which then break the siphon action and thus terminate the backwashing process and the normal filtering process re-starts.
During the operation of the filtering tank, if the outlet water quality fails to meet the requirement or the resistance among the filtering medium layers is too high, backwashing may be forced manually. Open the valve of the pressure pipe for manual forcing backwashing to draw the air inside the siphon pipe through pressurized water, then the purpose of forced backwashing manually may be achieved.
3、主要技术参数
型号：SQ1-50
处理量：50m3/h
进水压力：≥0.1Mpa
工作压力：0.06MPa
进水浊度：≤50mg/L
出水浊度：≤5mg/L
滤速：7.5-10m/h
反冲洗强度：14L/s.m2
冲洗历时：5min
工作温度：5-55℃
处理水质PH：5.0-9.5
过滤器外形尺寸：Φ2620×4200
集水装置：多孔板、排水帽
设备重量：5300kg（不包括滤料重量）
3、Main Technical Data:
Type: SQ1-50
Treatment capacity: 50m3/h
Water inlet pressure: ≥0.1Mpa
Working pressure: 0.06MPa
Turbidity of inlet water: ≤50mg/L
Turbidity of outlet water: ≤5mg/L
Filtering speed: 7.5-10m/h
Backwashing intensity: 14L/s.m2
Backwashing duration: 5min
Working temperature: 5-55℃
PH of treated water: 5.0-9.5
Outline dimension of filter: Φ2620×4200
Water collection device: perforated plate, drain cap
Equipment weight: 5300kg（weight of filtering medium not included）
4、滤料选用要求
4.1 无烟煤
无烟煤滤料经机械加工而成，密度1.6，堆密度0.95克/cm3，破碎率≤0.58％，磨损率≤0. 8％。
无烟煤滤料的粒径0.8 -1.5mm，不均匀系数<3，无烟煤滤层厚度400毫米。
4.2 石英砂滤料
机制石砂和天然石英砂都可使用，各地的石英砂比重略有差异，但一般都在 2.65左右，莫氏硬6-7级左右。
石英砂滤料的粒径0.5-1mm/1-2mm，不均匀系数<1.5，石英砂滤层厚度400毫米。
4.3 滤层填装级配
4、Requirements for selection of filtering medium:
4.1 Anthracite:
The anthracite filtering mediums are produced through mechanical processing with its density of 1.6. Stack density: 0.95 g/cm3, shatter index ≤0.58％; wear rate: ≤0. 8％.
The diameter of anthracite filtering medium: 0.8 -1.5mm, coefficient of non-uniformity <3, thickness of anthracite filtering medium layer: 400mm.
4.2 Quartz sand filtering medium:
Either fabricated quartz sand or natural quartz sand may be used. Quartz sands of different origins have slightly different densities, but normally about 2.65 with hardness of 6 -7 grades.
The diameter of quartz sand filtering medium: 0.5 -1mm / 1-2mm, coefficient of non-uniformity < 1.5, thickness of quartz sand filtering medium layer: 400mm.
4.3 Gradation of filtering medium:
5、滤料填装
5.1 滤料在填装时必须冲洗干净，不得含有泥灰等杂物。
5.2 滤料必须按级配要求填装，并需铺平。
5.3 滤料填装完毕后，须进行冲洗，把不合格细砂和煤屑冲走，方能投入正式运行。
5、Loading of filter medium:
5.1 The filter medium shall be washed clean with no dust or clay inside prior to being
loaded;
5.2 The filter medium shall be loaded as per requirement for gradation and shall be
flatly arranged.
5.3 After completion of loading of the filter medium, flush is necessary to wash away the disqualified fine sand and coal scraps before the filtering medium is put to official operation.
6、运行及调试
6.1 开车前应具备的条件及准备工作
（1）按照设计要求已全部安装竣工；
（2）人工强制反冲洗压力管已接好，压力不小于0.25Mpa；
（3）调整好反冲洗强度调节器的开启度；
（4）滤料及垫层要严格按级配填装；
（5）将冲洗水箱充满水，并清洗联通渠，使排出水清净为止；
6.2 调试
（1）过滤器第一次进水或检修后重新进水时，应缓慢进水，以便使滤料间隙内的空气充分排出，消除“气阻”。
（2）打开进水阀半圈，对滤料进行小流量清洗，并排气；
（3）试验人工强制反冲洗，使反冲洗时间维持在5min左右；调试反冲洗强度时，应从小强度逐步调整，直至反冲洗强度合适，为此，应根据所采用滤料之轻重，将反洗强度调节器之档板至排污管管口的距离，从1/6D开始逐步往较大距离调试，直至所形成的反冲洗强度合适为止(此处的D指排污管的内径)。
6.3 开车操作
（1）打开进水阀门，控制水量在设计范围；
（2）待冲洗水箱的水位上升至出水之前，取样分析或观察浊度要小于5mg/L，方可出水；
（3）每小时巡回检查各部，并分析进、出浊度一次；
6.4 停车操作
（1）关进阀门，检查各部是否正常
（2）如停池时间长，将滤池内水排放。
（3）如果是短时间停车（如三天左右），池内水不必排放，但在使用前，进行一次人工强制反冲洗。
6、Operation and debugging:
6.1 Conditions furnished and preparations prior to start-up:
（1）Completion of all the installation as per design requirement;
（2）Already connection of manual forcing backwashing pressure pipe with pressure no less than 0.25Mpa;
（3）Adjust the opening level of the adjuster for backwashing intensity;
（4）The filter medium and the cushion layer shall be loaded strictly as per the gradation;
（5）Fill the flush water tank full with water, and clean the ditch till the effluent water is clean.
6.2 Debugging:
（1）Fill the water slowly into the filter at the time of initial operation or operation restoring of the filter after maintenance to let the air among the filter medium completely drained out to eliminate “air resistance”.
（2）Open half circle of the water inlet valve to wash the filter medium at small flow rate and discharge the air;
（3）Test the manual forcing backwashing to maintain the backwash duration about 5 minutes; during the debugging of the backwash intensity, adjust from the small intensity to the required level, therefore, the distance between the baffle of the backwash intensity regulator too the nozzle of the sewage drain pipe shall be adjusted from 1/6D to bigger distance based on the weight of the used filter medium till the applicable backwash intensity is got ( D represents the inside diameter of the sewage drain pipe) .
6.3 Start-up and Operation:
（1）Open the water inlet valve and control the water flow within the design range; （2）When the water level in the flush water tank rises to the overflow level, sampling the water for analysis and the turbidity shall be below 5mg/l before it being allowed to overflow;
（3）Make inspection of each part and make analysis for turbidity of inlet and outlet water once every hour;
6.4 Shutdown
（1）Close the water inlet valves and check to ensure all the parts are in normal working conditions;
（2）In case of long shutdown, it is required to drain the water inside the tank completely.
（3）In case of short-time shutdown (about 3 days), the water inside the tank may not be necessarily drained and manual forcing backwashing is required prior to operation.
7、安装维修
7.1本过滤器结构简单,进出水及反冲洗管均不需要设置操作阀门,本设备运输到现场就位后接通进出水管道,排污管口就可投入运行,排污管口也可直接排入下水道。
7.2 安装设备要求垂直度偏差≤±1.0°。
7.3由于设备上部清水区出水为集水堰流形式(清水区集水储存为保证反洗时有足够的水源),故出水基本没有压力.要求出水端就近进入水池,水池上标高低于设备出水口标高。
7.4 过滤器每年补充1次滤料(防止滤料摩擦损耗而降低滤层从而影响过滤性能)。先人工停止进水提升动力停止进水，放空，打开检修人孔，补充滤料到设计高度。
7.5 每2年检修1次，检查时，停止进水，并放空内部储水，取出滤料，检修人员进入设备内部进行检修维护，检查配水箱是否平衡，锈腐蚀的零部件要进行更换，堵塞的管件要疏通，最后补充滤料重新投入运行。
7、Installation and Maintenance:
7.1 The filter has simple structure and it is unnecessary to install valves on water inlet
and outlet pipes and backwashing pipes. The equipment may be put to operation when the water inlet and outlet pipes and the sewage drain pipes are connected after being delivered to the jobsite. The sewage may also directly drain to the sewer.
7.2 The tolerance for the verticality when installing the equipment shall be ≤±1.0°.
7.3 As the outlet water from the clean water area at the top of the equipment adopts
catchment weir flow type (The storage capacity of the clean water area shall ensure the sufficient water supply for backwashing), so there is almost no pressure for the outlet water. It is required that the water outlet shall be close to the water tank and the upper elevation of the water tank shall be lower than the elevation of the water outlet of the equipment.
7.4 The filter shall be replenished with filter medium once each year to avoid impact
on the filtering performance from reduced filtering layer as the result of the loss and friction of the filter medium). Manually stop water inlet, then empty the filter and then open the maintenance manhole to make-up the filter medium to the design height.
7.5 The equipment shall be maintained once every 2 years. During the maintenance
inspection, stop filing water and empty the water inside the filter, then take out the filter mediums, then the maintenance workers enters the equipment for inspection and maintenance. Check whether the water tank is balanced, the rusty parts shall be replaced and the clogging pipes shall be made dredged, finally replenish the filter medium and put the filter back to operation.