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Color transformations and bolometric corrections for Galactic halo stars alpha-enhanced vs

Color transformations and bolometric corrections for Galactic halo stars alpha-enhanced vs
Color transformations and bolometric corrections for Galactic halo stars alpha-enhanced vs

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Color transformations and bolometric corrections for Galactic halo stars:α?enhanced vs scaled-solar results.Santi Cassisi 1,2,Maurizio Salaris 3,Fiorella Castelli 4,5,and Adriano Pietrinferni 1,6Received

ABSTRACT

We have performed the?rst extensive analysis of the impact of an[α/Fe]>0 metal distribution on broadband colors in the parameter space(surface gravity, e?ective temperature,metal content)covered by Galactic globular cluster stars.

A comparison of updated and homogeneous ATLAS9UBV RIJHKL synthetic photometry,for bothα?enhanced and scaled-solar metal distributions,has shown that it is impossible to reproduceα?enhanced(B?V)and(U?B)color transformations with simple rescalings of the scaled-solar ones.At[Fe/H]~?2.0α?enhanced transformations are well reproduced by scaled-solar ones with the same[Fe/H],but this good agreement breaks down at[Fe/H]larger than about ?1.6.As a general rule,(B?V)and(U?B)α?enhanced colors are bluer than scaled-solar ones at either the same[Fe/H]or[M/H],and the di?erences increase with increasing metallicity and decreasing T eff.A preliminary analysis of the contribution of the variousαelements to the stellar colors shows that the magnesium abundance(and to lesser extent oxygen and silicon)is the main responsible for these di?erences.On the contrary,the bolometric correction to the V band and more infrared colors predicted byα?enhanced transformations are well reproduced by scaled-solar results,due to their weak dependence on the metal content.Key parameters like the Turn O?and Zero Age Horizontal Branch V magnitudes,as well as the red Giant Branch tip I magnitude obtained from theoretical isochrones are in general una?ected when using the appropriateα?enhanced transformations in place of scaled-solar ones.We have also studied for the?rst time the e?ect of boundary conditions obtained from appropriateα-enhanced model atmospheres on the stellar evolutionary tracks in the log L/L⊙-T eff plane.We?nd that,for both scaled solar andα-enhanced metal mixtures,the integration of a solar T(τ)relationship provides–at least

for masses larger than0.5–0.6M⊙–tracks very similar to the ones computed using boundary conditions from the appropriate model atmospheres.

Subject headings:stars:abundances—stars:evolution—stars:horizontal branch—stars:late-type

1.Introduction

Theoretical stellar evolution models,color transformations and bolometric corrections are essential ingredients for interpreting photometric data of resolved and unresolved stellar systems.A reliable comparison of theory with observations requires,in principle,that the element abundance distribution employed in the theoretical models closely matches the pattern in the observed stellar systems.

Whereas the standard heavy element distribution generally used in stellar evolution computation is the solar one,there are cases where this assumption is not correct.A remarkable example is the Galactic halo,whose stellar component(?eld and globular cluster stars)shows a ratio[α/Fe]>0(https://www.doczj.com/doc/6b3520799.html,mbert1989)whereαdenotes elements like O,Ne,Mg,Si,S,Ar,Ca and Ti.The e?ect on stellar models and isochrones of a metal ratio[α/Fe]>0has been exhaustively investigated by Salaris,Chie?&Straniero(1993). They found that forαelement distributions typical of the halo population,α?enhanced models and isochrones are well reproduced by scaled-solar ones with the same global metal abundance.This result has been widely used until now,with the proviso that–as shown by, e.g.,Weiss,Peletier&Matteucci(1995),Salaris&Weiss(1998),Vandenberg et al.(2000), Salasnich et al.(2000),Kim et al.(2002)–this equivalence breaks down when the total metallicity is of the order of Z≈0.002.

What is still missing is a study of the in?uence of[α/Fe]>0on the color transformations and bolometric corrections(hereafter CT transformations)derived from theoretical model atmospheres.Until now all published sets ofα?enhanced evolutionary models employ theoretical CT transformations derived from scaled-solar model atmosphere grids (sometimes with empirical adjustments),although it is not clear to what extent scaled-solar transformations are a good approximation to the properα?enhanced colors and bolometric corrections.

Barbuy(1994),McQuitty et al.(1994),Tripicco&Bell(1995),Barbuy et al.(2003), Thomas,Maraston&Bender(2003),Vazdekis et al.(2004),Franchini et al.(2004),have investigated the e?ect of anα?element enhancement on the spectral indices used for metallicity and age estimates of unresolved stellar systems,but there are no analogous studies devoted to the e?ect on broadband colors and bolometric corrections.The e?ect of anα?element enhancement on(U?B)and(B?V)colors of Main Sequence stars and red giants has been only brie?y discussed by Castelli(1999)for the case of a single low metallicity value,i.e.[Fe/H]=?2.

This paper aims at?lling this gap,by studying the di?erences between scaled-solar andα?enhanced transformations to the widely used UBV RIJHKL photometric bands, for Galactic halo stars.In addition,our grid ofα-enhanced model atmospheres allowed us to employ boundary conditions for the stellar model computations obtained from the appropriate model atmospheres,and compare in the log L/L⊙-T eff plane the results with models computed using–as customary–boundary conditions obtained by integrating a solar T(τ)relationship.In§2we brie?y introduce the synthetic colors and bolometric corrections used in this work,and in§3we compare scaled-solar withα?enhanced CT transformations.In§4we discuss the e?ect of the boundary condition choice on the stellar model computation,and the full results are summarized in the?nal section.

2.Model atmospheres,colors and bolometric corrections

UBV RIJHKL synthetic photometry based on updated ATLAS9model atmospheres (Castelli&Kurucz2003)was computed for both scaled-solar andα?enhanced metal distributions(see Pietrinferni et al.2004for more details).The model atmospheres were computed by adopting as reference solar chemical composition that from Grevesse& Sauval(1998)instead of the Anders&Grevesse(1989)one,as in the case of previous

ATLAS9models(Kurucz1993).Previous scaled solar models were computed for an iron abundance log(N F e)=7.67(with the usual normalization log(N H)=12),whereasα?enhanced models were computed assuming the more recent estimate log(N F e)=7.51.This discrepancy of the Fe abundance for the old models prevented in the past a rigorous comparison of

α-enhanced and scaled-solar colors.Furthermore,the new model atmospheres include now (for both scaled-solar andα-enhanced metal mixtures)the important contribution to the total opacity of H2O lines and of the quasi-molecular absorption of H-H and H-H+(Castelli &Kurucz2001).

Theα?enhanced models have scaled-solar abundances for all elements except O,Ne, Mg,Si,S,Ar,Ca and Ti,for which the logarithmic scaled-solar abundance is increased by 0.4dex(i.e.,[α/Fe]=0.4).All the models(both scaled-solar andα-enhanced)were computed with the overshooting option for the convection switched o?and a mixing-length parameter l/H p=1.25(see Castelli1999and reference therein).Grids of updated model atmospheres, energy distributions and colour indices in UBV RIJKL and Str¨o mgren uvby photometric systems are available so far for[Fe/H]equal to?2.5,?2.0,?1.5,?1.0,?0.5,0.0in case of theα-enhanced metal distribution(we are in the process of computing models for super-solar metal content)and extended up to[Fe/H]=+0.2and+0.5for the scaled-solar mixture.In all the cases the microturbulent velocity isξ=2km s?1.The adopted U passband is from Buser(1978),B and V from Azusienis&Straiˇz ys(1969),R and I Cousins passbands from Bessell(1990),JKL passbands from Johnson(1965)reported also by Lamla(1982).Finally, the H passband is from Bessell&Brett(1988).For each[Fe/H]value the model grid covers the range from3500K to50000K in T eff,and from0.0to5.0in log(g).These new grids (labeled ODFNEW grids)can be downloaded from https://www.doczj.com/doc/6b3520799.html,/grids.html and from http://wwwuser.oat.ts.astro.it/castelli/grids.html.

3.α?enhanced transformations versus scaled-solar ones

The complete consistency between the scaled-solar andα?enhanced CT transformations enables us to perform a reliable di?erential comparison of the two sets.More in detail, we have investigated the di?erences between our scaled-solar andα?enhanced CT transformations by comparing the Color-Magnitude-Diagrams(CMDs)of theoretical isochrones transformed from the log L/L⊙-T eff plane using both sets of transformations, in di?erent[Fe/H]regimes.The underlying isochrones we employed areα?enhanced isochrones(<[α/Fe]>=0.4)with a metal distribution very similar to the one adopted in the model atmosphere calculations;the stellar evolution code and input physics are the same as in Pietrinferni et al.(2004).A subset of these models has been already discussed in Cassisi,Salaris&Irwin(2003)and Salaris et al.(2004)where a concise summary of the adopted input physics can be found.We wish to emphasize that here we are comparing di?erentially our two sets of CT transformations,using the same underlying isochron.The di?erences we?nd in the CMD location of the transformed isochrone are therefore due only to di?erences in the transformations.In principle we could have compared the CT transformation tables on a point by point basis,but with our approach we are automatically making the comparison within a parameter space typical of stars populating the Galactic halo.

The most important outcomes of this analysis are the qualitative di?erences between the CMDs obtained employing the two sets of transformations.Since until now all results based on theoreticalα-enhanced isochrones have been obtained by employing in principle inappropriate scaled-solar CT transformations,our analysis will allow to establish what results can be trusted and the ones that cannot.These qualitative di?erences are not

a?ected at all when we change the underlying theoretical isochrones(we obtain very similar results using the Vandenberg et al.2000α-enhanced isochrones),as long as they reasonably

approximate the[Fe/H],surface gravity and e?ective temperature range of halo stars. However,the precise numerical values of the di?erences can be slightly dependent on the selected theoretical isochrone.

Figure1displays a theoretical isochrone and the corresponding Zero Age Horizontal Branch(ZAHB)for an age of12Gyr–taken as representative of the typical Galactic globular cluster age(see,e.g.,Salaris&Weiss1998,2002)–and the following three metallicities and helium abundances:Z=0.001,Y=0.246–Z=0.004,Y=0.251–Z=0.01, Y=0.259.These compositions,coupled with[α/Fe]=0.4correspond to[M/H]=?1.27, [Fe/H]=?1.57([M/H]is the global metallicity in spectroscopical notation)–[M/H]=?0.66, [Fe/H]=?0.96–[M/H]=?0.25,[Fe/H]=?0.55.We brie?y notice here that the relationship between[Fe/H]and[M/H]for the scaled-solar Grevesse&Sauval(1998)metal distribution and[α/Fe]values typical of the Galactic halo,is well approximated by the following relationship given by Salaris et al.(1993):[M/H]=[Fe/H]+log(0.638f+0.362),where log(f)=[α/Fe].

We have?rst transformed the three isochrones using theα?enhanced transformations (solid lines in Fig.1)for the appropriate[Fe/H](hence[M/H]).Then we used scaled-solar transformations,as routinely done in the literature,although it is not usually speci?ed how they are applied toα?enhanced models.The issue is that,when employing scaled-solar transformations,one has to appropriately choose the independent variable for the interpolation among the CT transformation tables(the same choice has to be made when comparing the corresponding transformation tables).There are two simple and natural choices for this.The?rst one is to consider the total metallicity[M/H]of theα?enhanced models,and determine the scaled-solar transformations at the same[M/H].This means that the individual metal abundances used in the transformations are di?erent from the models, but the global metal content is the same;in our case,the Fe abundance for the scaled

solar synthetic colors would be about0.3dex higher than the proper one.Our isochrones transformed in this way are displayed as short dashed lines in Fig.1.The second possibility is to consider scaled-solar transformations with the same[Fe/H]of theα?enhanced models; this choice assumes that it is the Fe abundance(and eventually the elements that are not enhanced with respect to Fe)that contributes mostly to the observed colors and bolometric corrections.This also means that the transformations would take into account the appropriate abundance of Fe and other scaled-solar elements,while underestimating the abundance of theα?elements by0.4dex in our case.Isochrones transformed in this way are shown as long dashed lines in Fig.1.

Figure1shows clearly that the(M V,V?I)CMD,regardless of the cluster metallicity, is una?ected by the CT choice(the same is true for metallicities below Z=0.001);this holds also for(M V,V?R)and other near infrared CMDs included in our set of transformations. This result is hardly surprising,since in general(V?R),(V?I),(V?K),(J?K)and (H?K)color transformations are weakly sensitive to the metal content.Also BC V values appear to be very weakly a?ected by the selected transformations.

The case of bluer colors like(B?V)and(U?B)is quite di?erent.We consider

?rst the comparison between the properα?enhanced transformations and the scaled-solar ones computed for the same[M/H].At Z=0.001([Fe/H]=?1.6)there are discrepancies of a few hundredths of magnitudes in the colors(which are reduced at lower metallicities to within~0.01mag for[Fe/H]=?2);these di?erences increase with increasing metallicity, and are larger in(U?B)than in(B?V).In general,scaled-solar color transformations selected on the basis of the isochrone[M/H]do produce redder(B?V)and(U?B)values. The color shift between the two sets of transformations is also a function of the e?ective temperature;it generally increases for decreasing T eff,as clearly seen in Fig.1.The global e?ect is therefore also a slight change of the isochrone morphology in the(M V,B?V)and

(M V,U?B)CMDs.However,since the UB photometry is employed mainly for studying hot HB stars,which are hot enough to be una?ected by the choice of the transformations, the di?erences are not extremely relevant when using this color index7.

When considering the case of scaled-solar transformations with the same[Fe/H]of theα?enhanced mixture,the results are practically identical at[Fe/H]of the order of

?2.0and in general one obtains a better agreement with the appropriateα?enhanced transformations;however,the discrepancies are non negligible when Z~0.001,increasing with both metal content and decreasing T eff.At?rst it may appear surprising that(B?V) and(U?B)colors at the same[Fe/H]are bluer in theα?enhanced case,when the total metal content is higher.Figure2shows the di?erences between the?ux predicted for a typicalα?enhanced MS model with[Fe/H]=?1,and scaled-solar models with either the same[Fe/H](solid line)or the same[M/H](dashed line).Theα?enhanced model shows a larger?ux in the UB part of the spectrum with respect to the scaled-solar counterpart with the same[Fe/H],and a qualitative analysis of the?gure shows clearly that theα?enhanced (U?B)and(B?V)indices have to be bluer.On the other hand,colors built from passbands bluer than U may provide di?erent results.It is in fact evident from Fig.2that, e.g.,aroundλ=280nm(log(λ)~2.45)theα?enhanced?ux is de?nitely lower than the

scaled-solar counterparts.

In order to explain the di?erences highlighted by Fig.2,one needs to assess the role played by the di?erentα?elements in modifying the stellar?ux with respect to a scaled-solar mixture.It is clear that,for an exhaustive analysis,one should compute a set of model atmospheres for several gravities and e?ective temperatures,by changing the abundance of each individualαelement at constant[Fe/H].This notwithstanding–prompted by the referee–we have obtained relevant preliminary results by computing selected models for the same[Fe/H],gravity and T eff as in Fig.2,enhancing once at a time the abundances of the most relevantα?elements,i.e.O,Si,Mg and Ca.

As a general point,the di?erent metal distributions of theα?enhanced and scaled-solar models,computed for the same T eff and gravity,a?ect both the line opacity and the continuum opacity,redistributing the?ux among the various wavelengths in such a way

that the?ux conservation ∞

Fνdν=σT4eff/πis met.For any abundance change the

shape of the?ux distribution is modi?ed,due to a change of either the continuum level, or the line absorption or both.For instance,theαelement that mostly a?ects the level of the continuum in our model is Mg,owing to the occurrence of a Mg I ionization edge at2500?A.By increasing the Mg abundance the continuum?ux decreases shortward of the Mg I discontinuity and increases longward of it.Instead,the oxygen abundance a?ects the ?ux distribution in the region of the U and V bands through the numerous OH lines lying mostly shortward of the Balmer discontinuity.

Figure3shows di?erences?(Flux)between the?ux predicted for models with only the labeledαelement enhanced(by0.4dex each),and the scaled solar case with the same [Fe/H]=?1.0,T eff=5000K and log(g)=4.5.The?(Flux)values between the complete α-enhanced model and the scaled solar one with the same[Fe/H],T eff and log(g)is also displayed.We focused our analysis on the wavelength region where the largest?(Flux)

values contributing to the discrepancies in the U and B?lters are found.

One can notice how?(Flux)between the completeα-enhanced model and the scaled solar one is essentially due to just O,Si,Mg and Ca.Calcium contributes mainly to the absorption atλ~390nm,whereas O and Mg play a major role in the di?erences atλ>350 nm(apart from the Ca absorption mentioned before).In addition,Si and Mg are the most important contributors to the region shortward of~350nm.

Table1displays the(U?B)and(B?V)colors predicted by the same model atmospheres whose?ux di?erence are shown in Fig.3;this allows us to assess quantitatively how much these individualαelements a?ect the broadband UBV colors.Magnesium appears to be the main responsible for the(B?V)and(U?B)color di?erences between the scaled solar mixture and the fullα?enhanced one;in fact,by enhancing only Mg one recovers88%and76%of the di?erences in(B?V)and(U?B),respectively.Oxygen has a smaller but non negligible impact on the(B?V)color whereas the(U?B)color is a?ected appreciably also by silicon.Calcium and the otherαelements have only a minor impact on these two colors at this T eff and gravity.

Prompted by our referee,to investigate the e?ects due to surface gravity changes along an isochrone,we have computed additional model atmospheres by enhancing the abundance of each individualα?element,at the same[Fe/H]and e?ective temperature as above,but for log(g)=3.0.We obtain results similar to the case with log(g)=4.5–as one could also expect by comparing the CT tables for scaled solar and fullα-enhanced mixtures at these two gravities–the main di?erence being that,whereas at log(g)=4.5the most important α?element for the UB?ux distribution is Mg,in this case the contributions provided by Mg and Si are comparable.

Table2lists the di?erences between some relevant features of the three sets of isochrones displayed in Fig.1.In particular,we wish to brie?y discuss the(B?V)color

of the Main Sequence(MS)at M V=6((B?V)M

=6),the absolute visual magnitude of

V

the Turn O?(TO),the color di?erence(?(B?V))between the TO and the Red Giant

Branch(RGB),the absolute I-Cousins magnitude of the RGB tip and the absolute visual

magnitude of the ZAHB at the level of the instability strip.These quantities are usually

employed in studies about distance and age determinations of old stellar populations.In

the following we will refer to the use of scaled-solar transformations with the same[M/H]

of theα?enhanced mixture,which produce the larger di?erences.

The(B?V)M

=6color(taken as representative magnitude of the unevolved MS in V

globular clusters)enters the MS?tting method for deriving cluster distances(e.g.,Carretta

et al.2000,Percival et al.2002).In fact,the color shifts applied to individual subdwarfs in

order to‘register’their own metallicity to that of the considered cluster,are usually derived

from theoretical isochrones,at least in the regime of globular cluster metallicities.The data

listed in Table2show that the(B?V)M

=6di?erence between the metallicities displayed

V

in Fig.1does depend on the choice of the transformations,and are about20%smaller

when using the appropriateα?enhanced transformations.This discrepancy may however

have only a small impact on the derived distances as long as the subdwarfs employed in

the MS-?tting have metallicities close to the cluster one,hence the color shifts applied are

small.

The(B?V)color extension between TO and RGB,?(B?V),is also clearly strongly

a?ected.Following Rosenberg et al.(1999),here we have de?ned?(B?V)as the color

di?erence between the TO and a point on the RGB2.5mag brighter than the TO.This

quantity is a function of the cluster age,but it is generally used only in a di?erential way in

order to determine relative cluster ages(e.g.Vandenberg,Bolte&Stetson1990,Salaris&

Weiss1998,Rosenberg et al.1999).The absolute values of?(B?V)change by~0.03-0.04

mag,depending on the metallicity;this would cause an age variation by~2-3Gyr if

?(B?V)is used to estimate absolute ages.When di?erences of?(B?V)at varying ages are used for relative age estimates,the impact of the CT transformation choice is however almost negligible.

As for the M V values of TO and ZAHB at the RR Lyrae instability strip–whose

di?erence is usually employed to estimate cluster ages–they are a?ected by the adopted CT relation at the level of≈0.01mag,which has a negligible impact on the age estimates. We have in addition veri?ed that,at a?xed metallicity,the range of masses populating the RR Lyrae instability strip is basically una?ected by the choice of the transformations. Also the I magnitude of the RGB Tip(a widely used distance indicator for old stellar populations,see e.g.Lee,Freedman&Madore1993,Salaris&Cassisi1998and references therein)is una?ected by the choice of the transformations,the variation being of the order of~0.01mag,which has a negligible impact on the distance determinations.

4.Treatment of surface boundary conditions

It is well known that in order to integrate the stellar structure equations,it is necessary to?x the value of the pressure and temperature at the stellar surface,usually close to the photosphere.There are basically two possibilities to determine this value.The?rst one is to integrate the atmospheric layers by using a T(τ)relationship,supplemented by the hydrostatic equilibrium condition and the equation of state;the second possibility is to obtain the required boundary conditions from precomputed non-gray model atmospheres.

The?rst procedure is universally used in stellar model computation;i.e.,in our stellar evolution calculations employed above we have used the Krishna-Swamy(1966)solar T(τ) relationship.In Salaris,Cassisi&Weiss(2002)we have already shown that in case of scaled-solar models,the T(τ)integration and boundary conditions from model atmospheres

(belonging to a previous ATLAS9release)provide RGB tracks that agree within about 50K.

Here we repeat the test on scaled-solar models and for the?rst time we add a corresponding test for anα-enhanced mixture,using the updated ATLAS9model grid discussed in the previous section.Figure4shows the evolutionary tracks of a0.9M⊙star with a turn o?age of~10.5Gyr,from the beginning of the MS up to the RGB tip,in the log L/L⊙-T eff plane.Four di?erent tracks are displayed,corresponding to the pair

Z=0.004,Y=0.251,for scaled solar andα-enhanced metal distributions,computed using boundary conditions from both a T(τ)integration and non-gray model atmospheres with the appropriate metal mixture.The boundary conditions from the model atmospheres were taken atτ=56.In both scaled-solar andα-enhanced case the MS is completely insensitive to the choice of the boundary conditions.The RGB part is slightly a?ected,at the level of at most40K,the model atmosphere tracks being cooler.The e?ect of this temperature change on the predicted colors is the following:?(B?V)≈+0.02mag,?(U?B)≈+0.03 mag,?(V?I)≈+0.02mag.

Evolutionary timescales and interior properties of the models are also una?ected by the choice of the boundary conditions.Analogous results have been obtained at di?erent Z.We also computed a model for M=0.9M⊙,Z=0.004,by taking the model atmosphere boundary conditions atτ=10,obtaining the same results as for theτ=56case.

We therefore conclude that scaled-solar andα-enhanced isochrones can be safely computed-within the quoted uncertainty of about40K-integrating a solar T(τ) relationship for the boundary conditions,at least when the evolving mass is larger than ~0.5?0.6M⊙(which is the lower mass limit of our isochrones);lower masses may be more a?ected by the choice of the boundary conditions,as discussed,e.g.,in Alexander et al.(1997),Chabrier&Bara?e(1997)and references therein.Moreover the results of

all previously published comparisons between scaled-solar andα-enhanced models in the log L/L⊙-T eff plane(e.g.,Salaris et al.1993,Vandenberg et al.2000)that were computed employing T(τ)-based boundary conditions,are fully con?rmed when employing the boundary conditions from the appropriate non-gray model atmospheres.

Our results suggest that employing a solar T(τ)relationship for the boundary conditions provides a fair approximation to the boundary conditions from non-gray model atmospheres,although in principle it is more appropriate and self-consistent to rely on model atmosphere results.This notwithstanding,one has to consider the fact that also model atmospheres are a?ected by intrinsic uncertainties,especially related to convection, and are usually based on a convection treatment di?erent from the one adopted in stellar evolution computations(Montalban et al.2001).

Figure5compares12Gyr old isochrones for a scaled solar mixture and for an

α?enhanced one with the same global metallicity,computed by using both boundary conditions and CT transformations from the appropriate model atmospheres.The equivalence between scaled-solar andα?enhanced isochrones with the same[M/H]is still good at low metallicities,especially in the V I plane,while in the BV plane there are small di?erences due to the e?ect of the CT https://www.doczj.com/doc/6b3520799.html,rger di?erences are present at Z≈0.004,especially signi?cant in the BV plane.

5.Summary

We have compared updated ATLAS9UBV RIJHKL synthetic photometry for both α?enhanced and scaled-solar metal distributions,in a large range of metallicities typical of the Galactic halo populations.This is the?rst complete analysis of the impact of an [α/Fe]>0metal distribution on broadband colors and bolometric corrections,for the full

metallicity range of the Galactic halo population.

We found that it is impossible to mimic the appropriateα?enhanced(B?V)and (U?B)color transformations with simple rescalings of the scaled-solar ones,over the entire [Fe/H]range of the Galactic halo.At[Fe/H]~?2.0α?enhanced transformations are well reproduced by scaled-solar ones with the same[Fe/H],however,this good agreement breaks down for[Fe/H]larger than about?1.6.In general,(B?V)and(U?B)α?enhanced colors tend to be bluer than scaled-solar ones at either the same[Fe/H]or[M/H],and the di?erences increase with increasing metallicity and decreasing T eff.These di?erences are mainly due to the enhancement of Mg with contributions from the enhancement of Si and O.

On the other hand BC V and more infrared colors predicted byα?enhanced transformations are well reproduced by scaled-solar results.Key quantities like the

TO and ZAHB V magnitudes,as well as the RGB tip I magnitude obtained from theoretical isochrones are basically una?ected by the use of the appropriateα?enhanced transformations.

We have also tested for the?rst time the e?ect of boundary conditions obtained from appropriateα-enhanced model atmospheres on the stellar evolutionary tracks in the log L/L⊙-T eff plane.We?nd that,as in case of scaled solar models,the integration of a solar T(τ)relationship provides–at least for masses larger than0.5–0.6M⊙–α-enhanced tracks very similar to the ones computed using boundary conditions from the appropriate model atmospheres.

S.C.and A.P.have been supported by MURST(PRIN2002,PRIN2003).S.C.warmly acknowledges the hospitality at the Instituto de Astro?sica de Canarias in Tenerife,and in particular A.Aparicio and C.Gallart for their scienti?c as well as–more important–

human support.We warmly thank our anonymous second referee for his/her remarks that signi?cantly improved this paper.

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十五天增肥十斤食谱

十五天增肥十斤食谱 我们知道过度肥胖对人的健康是不好的,但是也要了解,如果身体过于瘦弱,同样也会影响到身体的健康,如果平时过于瘦弱,也是容易导致疾病出现的,通过现代医学研究表明,身体有适度的脂肪,能够抵御疾病的侵袭,所以说对于过度瘦弱的人来说,可以适当的增肥,我们来了解一下这方面的食谱。 十五天增肥十斤食谱 第一周:戒油戒荤戒辛辣 第一周是需要清理肠毒改善口味的一周,在这段时间里要戒除油腻、高热和辛辣重口味的食物,因此尽量所有的菜肴都选择清蒸、水煮的烹饪方式,荤腥类的食物在这一周内禁止食用,但是你可以吃鸡蛋来补充动物蛋白。喜欢又辣又咸的重口味食物的女生,这一周要避免吃这些食物,尽量清淡为好。 推荐菜谱:水蒸蛋、海带汤、烫青菜、豆浆牛奶、全麦包 早餐可以一杯豆浆或牛奶搭配少许全麦包,也可以是粗粮小馒头,吃到6分饱就可以了。在中餐开始之前不要吃其他食物,温开水和柠檬水可以随时饮用补充水分。中餐一个水蒸蛋搭配烫青菜和麦包,晚餐则是素的海带汤和青菜,蔬菜的品种可以随意换,尽量选择叶绿素和纤维质丰富的为最佳。 第二周:均衡营养促代谢 通过第一周的排毒清肠,你会发现自己身体轻松了许多,排便次数逐渐正常后第二周要开始补充营养。因此这一周可以吃一

些不油腻的荤类食物,同时除了青菜,你还需要吃一些维生素更丰富的胡萝卜和水果,但是从这一周开始主食就需要被这些食材完全取代了,控制饥饿感将成为成败关键。 推荐食谱:水煮鸡丝、蔬果杂烩、烫青菜、水煮蛋 早餐可以吃一个水煮蛋搭配柠檬水,因为热量低所以可能在中午你会感觉比较饥饿,所以中餐需要准备水煮鸡丝,把鸡肉用盐水煮熟后撕成条食用,搭配烫青菜吃到7分饱即可;晚餐用番茄、生菜、苹果和煮熟的胡萝卜做成蔬果杂烩,不要加炼乳和沙拉酱,原味直接食用即可。全天不要忘记随时饮用温水或柠檬水哦,坚持一周体重可以减少5-7斤。

瘦人增肥食谱,让你知道瘦人让你吃吃就长胖

瘦人吃什么能长胖 瘦人吃什么能长胖?有这样一些偏瘦群体也喜食肉类,既是多吃肉也不能让自己长胖的苦恼,所以很多瘦人都在苦恼,自己吃的肉到哪里去了。“长胖”难道就这么难吗?其实瘦人多吃肉不一定能够长胖的,以下肉类较适合迅速增肥的: 兔肉 兔肉与一般肉类的成分有所不同,其优点是:含蛋白质比较丰富,每百克兔肉中含蛋白质21.5克;含有丰富的卵磷脂;由于兔肉含蛋白质较多,营养价值较高,是瘦人增肥比较理想的肉食。

牛肉 牛肉的营养价值仅次于兔肉,也是适合于瘦人食用的肉类。每百克牛肉含蛋白质20克以上,牛肉蛋白质所含的必需氨基酸较多,因此,特别适合瘦人群体食用。 鱼肉 一般畜肉的脂肪多为饱和脂肪,而鱼的脂肪却含有多种不饱和脂肪,具有很好增加身体脂肪和肌肉的作用。所以,瘦人想长胖吃鱼肉较好,既能避免脂肪堆积,又能防止动脉硬化和冠心病的发生。

鸡肉 每百克鸡肉含蛋白质高达23.3克,脂肪含量只有1.2克适当吃些鸡肉,不但有益于人 体健康,也不会引起局部脂肪堆积。 瘦猪肉 瘦猪肉含蛋白质较高,每百克可高达29克,每百克脂肪含量为6克,因此,也较适合 瘦人者食用。

那到底瘦人吃什么能长胖呢? 从中医学或是营养学角度而言,身体偏瘦关键还是胃肠吸收能力不够充分,肠胃摄取不足,胃肠他不能充分的将食物中的营养物质吸收和摄取,自然是会出现身体偏瘦的情况的。 那瘦人到底在什么样的基础上,吃一些滋补成分就会长胖呢? 中国瘦人增肥网提到的瘦人金乐健体冲剂,他是一款通过彻底改善胃肠吸收能力,促使肠胃充分的将食物中的营养物质吸收和摄取,而达到食物增肥的一款专业的增肥产品。

增肥食谱计划表

健康,轻松增肥好套餐 【早餐:一定要吃、才有活力!】 1、一碗皮蛋瘦肉粥或小米粥 2、一杯豆浆或米浆。 3、一个水煮蛋 【早上的点心:帮助身体储藏能量】 下列食物任选一份:葡萄干、核果、花生、香蕉。 【午餐:快乐的进餐、才能吃胖呢!】 1、奇异果一个 2、一杯优酪乳 3、一碗饭或一碗面 4、水煮青菜一份 5、高纤饼干一份 【下午的点心:不要让小肚肚饿着了】 下列食物任选一份:奶昔一杯,高纤饼干 【晚餐:尽量按时进餐】 最好与家人或爱人 一起用餐。甜蜜的感觉,对增肥更有帮助。 1、现榨果汁一份 2、冰淇淋或优酪乳一份 3、生菜沙拉或炒青菜一份 4、一碗饭或一碗面 5、一份瘦肉或鱼肉 6、饭后再吃点菠萝、木瓜、或西红柿。 【宵夜:尽量在睡前两个钟头进食】

土司,将大蒜酱、奶油、满果酱、花生酱全部涂在上面。然后,再喝一碗肉汤、牛奶、或豆浆。夜宵吃到少少东西就好,不要吃得太饱,避免了过饱难以进入梦乡。吃完宵夜后,要刷牙漱口用牙线,才能睡觉唷! 天生好口味且增肥的玉兰野鸡片 制作原料:主料:野鸡300克辅料:香菇(鲜)100克,鸡蛋清60克,玉兰片25克,辛夷5克 一、先剔去野鸡脯肉筋膜,批成薄片;野鸡片泡在用料酒和清水调的汁水中,以驱除腥味; 二、玉兰花洗净,每瓣去两头,顶瓣切去两头,顶头一切四片,香菇亦改刀成小块,再将泡过的野鸡片挤干水分; 三、加入精盐、鸡蛋清、淀粉调匀上心;然后将炒锅炙净,倒入熟花生油,烧至150℃左右,放入野鸡片、香菇,炒至八成熟; 四、随即放入玉兰片略滑一下,倒入漏勺滤油;原炒锅烹入料酒,加入清汤、精盐、味精,用湿淀粉勾芡;倒入野鸡片、香菇、玉兰花片,迅速翻炒几下,取出装盘即成。 轻松几步,这道美味的增肥食谱就做成了,在这里玉兰野鸡片的制作要诀:本品有油炸过程,需备熟花生油约750克。料酒25克,淀粉(玉米)20克,盐6克,味精4克,花生油50 玉兰野鸡片的特色:色泽洁白,鲜香细嫩,让你吃了留连忘返。 增肌食谱展示你漂亮的肌肉 正在进行增肌增重的消瘦男士,从以下几个方面着手,一定能够在短短数周看到肌肉的变化。肌肉的生长需要营养强化,要想在夏季你展示漂亮的肌肉?从现在开始就要注重营养的补充和加强。 例如想达到75公斤的男士一日增肌食谱安排 早餐:5片切片面包或2个馒头,牛奶2袋(500毫升),鸡蛋1个,蛋清3 个 早加餐:香蕉1个,乳清蛋白饮料1杯(280毫升 中餐:米饭/馒头250克,鸡胸肉/鱼肉/牛肉200克,蔬菜1份(约200 克),桃/苹果/香蕉1个,牛奶500毫升 运动中:健身饮(运动前及运动中、运动后)500毫升

增肥营养食谱有哪些

增肥营养食谱有哪些 现在生活条件好了,大部分人的身材肥胖,都会通过各种方式来减肥,可是就有这么一种人,怎么吃都不会胖,身材消瘦,其实无论男性还是女性,如果身材过于消瘦,从外观和健康角度都是不正常的,这就需要进行增肥,今天我们就为大家介绍几种增肥营养食谱,以供大家参考。 1、巧克力 巧克力向来是高热量食物的代表,小小一块20克的巧克力热量就高达110千卡。常吃巧克力还能改善情绪、保护心脏等等作用。可像所有高脂肪食物一样,巧克力吃太多容易引起消化不良的问题,导致胃痛、腹胀、腹泻或便秘等。巧克力食用过多的解救办法是:喝一杯清茶暖暖肠胃即可。 2、鲜榨果汁 一般说来,果汁的热量能达到水果热量的两倍,也就是说,100克西瓜热量40千卡,但榨成果汁后热量就可以达到80千卡了。而饮品店里还会往鲜榨果汁内添加一定量的糖浆,热量就会更高了!而且,果汁中所含的营养成分更易被人体吸收,吸收率可高达七成呢! 3、鱿鱼 每100克鱿鱼的胆固醇含量高达615毫克,是肥肉胆固醇含量的40倍、更是全脂奶的44倍之多,吃了很容易胖哦!但高血脂、高胆固醇血症、动脉硬化等心血管病及肝病患者就应慎食鱿鱼。

鱿鱼性质寒凉,脾胃虚寒的人也应少吃。鱿鱼还是发物,患有湿疹、荨麻疹等疾病的人不能食用。 4、全脂酸奶 100克牛奶所含的热量为57千卡,而等量的酸奶所含的热量为76千卡,当然,这里指的是全脂酸奶。常喝酸奶不但能增肥,还能够预防骨质疏松、降低血压、提高免疫力,甚至还能预防妇科感染呢! 5、薯条 一小包薯条含220千卡热量及12克脂肪,热量差不多相等于一个汉堡包。虽然薯条香甜可口又能增肥,但这些高温加工的淀粉类食品中致癌物丙烯酰胺含量较高,而薯类油炸食品中丙烯酰胺平均含量高出谷类油炸食品4倍,一定要当心。 6、啤酒 啤酒是一种高热量的酒精性饮料,1升啤酒的热量相当于200克面包或者500克马铃薯,不但如此,啤酒中还含有17种氨基酸、12种维生素,营养丰富,所以一直有“液体面包”的美誉。不但如此,啤酒还具有增进食欲、刺激胃酸分泌、提高消化能力的作用。适量饮用啤酒有助于增肥,但过量饮酒有什么害处,相信大家都很清楚。 7、可乐 一罐370ml装的可乐就含有热量155千卡,常喝肯定容易让人胖。但用可乐增肥可要小心了,因为可乐所含的咖啡因和特殊配方容易让人上瘾,而可乐杀精等等报道也不能忽视 8、板栗

瘦子健身增肥计划食谱

瘦子健身增肥计划食谱 瘦子健身增肥计划食谱 瘦子健身增肥计划 1、饮食注意 瘦弱男女在饮食方面,有不少都存在挑食和偏食现象。因此,应改掉这些不良习惯,增加膳食的摄入量,膳食应丰富多样。多吃碳水化合物,面食最管用,此外,高蛋白食品、蔬菜和水果一样都不能少,平日里更要口不离那些健康的零食,如花生、奶糖等,喝完啤酒再喝点果汁也是不错的主意。 在摄入足够蛋白质的情况下,宜多进食一些含脂肪、碳水化合物(即淀粉、糖类等)较丰富的食物。这样,多余的能量就可以转化为脂肪储存于皮下,使瘦弱者体态健壮起来。胃肠功能较弱的瘦子,可选择鸡、鸭、鱼、羊的肝脏来食用,除此,鱼类也易消化和吸收。 2、良好的睡眠 要想增肥,首先应当做到科学增肥,为健康增肥。平衡饮食外,还应保持充足而良好的睡眠。人的睡眠若比较充足,胃口就比较好,而且也有利于对食物的消化和吸收。不少瘦人喜欢过夜生活,动不动就玩个通宵,第二天又要强打精神去上班,严重影响了睡眠的质量,这样下去不瘦才怪。 还要注意的是个人心理健康。工作中的紧张和压力、生活中一些小事的想不开、超出人体负荷的“疯狂”学习或工作等,都会使人愈加消瘦。相反,愉快的心理状态、和谐的人际关系则有助于增肥。 3、适当运动 对于那些长期坐办公室的瘦人来说,每天应抽出一定的时间来锻炼,这不仅有利于改善食欲,也能使肌肉强壮、体魄健美。人体的肌

肉是“用进废退”,如果长期得不到锻炼,肌肉纤维就会相对萎缩,变 得薄弱无力,人也就显得瘦弱。 在运动方式上,慢跑是个不错的选择,因为人在慢跑的时候肠胃蠕动次数明显增多,这样可以消耗人体能量,在进餐时胃口就好。一般 来说,大运动量运动、短时间运动和快速爆发力运动都能起到增肥效果,也是欲减肥的人最应忌讳。 瘦子吃什么增肥 1、板栗 板栗的成分中含有大量的淀粉,其热量非常的高,除了淀粉之外, 栗子中还含有蛋白质、脂肪和维生素B族等成分。还有就是100克 栗子中含有的维生素C是24毫克,这比起同样量的西红柿来说要多 得多。在每次饭后都吃些栗子可以加强身体吸收的热量。 2、巧克力 大家一向都知道巧克力是高热量的食物,20克的巧克力所含的热 量就有110千卡。吃巧克力不仅可以增加身体的热量吸收帮助减肥, 同时它还有着缓解情绪、保护心脏的功效。因为口感丝滑、味道独特,所以巧克力是一种美味的食品。但是也要注意,巧克力不可过度 食用,以免导致胃痛、腹胀、腹泻等症状发生。 3、鱿鱼 鱿鱼的胆固醇含量非常的高,每100克的鱿鱼中就含有615毫克 的胆固醇,所以吃鱿鱼有助身体增肥。另外鱿鱼还含有钙、磷、铁等 多种元素,有助身体骨骼的.发育和造血。吃鱿鱼可以预防贫血、缓 解身体疲劳、改善肝功能和保护视力。鱿鱼是一种健康的增肥食品。 4、薯条 薯条含有的热量也是非常高的,其实薯条含有的脂肪很少,它本身是一种碳水化合物。经过油炸的薯条,小小的一包若含有的热量就相 当于一个汉堡包的热量。吃薯条可增加身体的热量摄入,但是要注意 的是,薯条当中含有致癌的物质丙烯酰胺,所以不要吃太多,需小心。

瘦人健身最佳实用增肥食谱

瘦人健身最佳实用增肥食谱 增肥瘦人食谱 2016-05-20 1210人浏览 最实用的瘦人健身增肥食谱 有不少瘦人会通过健身来增肥,但要想体重增加,光靠练还是不行的,在饮食上也得多下功夫。有没有比较权威的健身增肥食谱?Yes!这里有一份健身教练开的健身增肥增肌食谱。瘦子们,赶紧记下来,还有也要记住瘦人增肥饮食四大基本原则。 7点-8点早餐 碳水化合物:一个面包、馒头、花卷或者是米饭、面条都可以(量稍大一些) 蛋白质:一杯增肌粉、蛋清2个 脂类坚果:核桃2个 蔬菜水果:香蕉一个或者是苹果一个 营养补剂:一片善存片 10点左右加餐 碳水化合物:面包一片或者是蒸土豆一个 蛋白质:蛋清一个、蛋白奶 蔬菜水果:香蕉或者是猕猴桃一个 12点左右午餐 碳水化合物:一大碗米饭、面条或者是饺子、米粉都可以 蛋白质:牛肉、肝脏、鸡肉、鱼肉、豆腐、海鲜都可以(红烧、清炖、清蒸任选) 脂类坚果:一把腰果 蔬菜水果:海带、金针菜、菜花、蘑菇、柿子椒、豆芽、菠菜 15点加餐 碳水化合物:面包一片或者是玉米棒一个

蛋白质:蛋清一个、蛋白奶 蔬菜水果:香蕉或者是橘子一个 18点晚餐 碳水化合物:一大碗米饭、面条都可以 蛋白质:鱼肉、牛肉、鸡肉、豆腐、海鲜都可以(最好清炖、清蒸) 脂类坚果:核桃2个 蔬菜水果:和午餐一样 21点加餐 和10点的加餐差不多 瘦人增肥饮食要把握四项基本原则 一、保证足够的热量 瘦人如果想增肥,最根本的一点就要保证热量“入大于出”。青少年因为热量需求量大,代谢很旺盛,所以首先要保证充足热量供应。 以一个体重60公斤的男士为例子,日常需要的热量大概是2400千卡,而如果想达到增重的目的,热量供应最少要达到每天每公斤体重50千卡以上。那么体重60kg的男士,如果想增重,每天的热量摄入最少要达到3000千卡。因为人体摄入的热量关键是来自主食(如米、面)还有脂肪、蛋白质,所以要首先吃好3顿正餐。 二、少食多餐 还是以体重60kg的男士为例子,要摄入热量3000千卡,假如只吃三餐的话,平均每餐要吃的饭菜要在1公斤以上。这对于消瘦者瘪瘪的肠胃来说,无疑是一个难题。而且消瘦的人一般肠胃功能较弱,一餐吃得太多往往不可以有效吸收,反而会让肠胃负担增加,导致消化不良,反而适得其反。

肠胃不好的瘦人增肥调养食谱

肠胃不好的瘦人增肥调养食谱 一、健胃消食增肥食谱:香菜爆鸡丝 健胃消食增肥食谱香菜爆鸡丝的原料: 鸡脯肉300克,香菜100克,葱段、生姜、盐、味精、黄酒、清汤、芝麻油各适量。 健胃消食增肥食谱香菜爆鸡丝的制作方法: 1.鸡脯肉用温水洗净,切作细丝,上浆后用;香菜洗净,去叶,取净梗,切作3厘米左右长的段。 2.炒锅放火上,烧热后加菜油,烧至七成热,下鸡丝划散划透,起锅沥净油。 3.原锅留少许油,烧热后下葱段、生姜丝,煸炒出香味,倒入香菜梗,稍炒后,再加鸡丝合炒,烹入黄酒、清汤,加盐、味精,翻炒均匀,淋上芝麻油即成。 健胃消食增肥食谱香菜爆鸡丝的营养价值: 醒脾调中,健胃消食。适宜脾胃虚弱、久病体虚,有脘

腹胀满、反胃呃逆、食欲不振的瘦人增肥调养食用。 二、肠燥便秘瘦人增肥调养粥:冬瓜薏米粥 肠燥便秘瘦人增肥调养粥冬瓜薏米粥的原料: 冬瓜200克,薏苡仁30克,绿豆30克,鲜荷叶适量,藿香少许。 肠燥便秘瘦人增肥调养粥冬瓜薏米粥的制作方法: 藿香煎煮取汁适量;冬瓜切小块,与薏苡仁、绿豆煮成稀粥,粥将成时放入茶叶、藿香汁稍煮。 肠燥便秘瘦人增肥调养粥冬瓜薏米粥的功效: 清热解毒,健脾开胃。适宜肠燥便秘的瘦人增肥调养食用。 三、健脾养胃增肥食谱:陈皮焖鸡 健脾养胃增肥食谱陈皮焖鸡的原料: 陈皮20克,香附15克,嫩公鸡肉60克,葱白1根,生姜6克,料酒、味精、酱油等调料适量 健脾养胃增肥食谱陈皮焖鸡的制作方法: 1.将鸡肉洗净,切小块备用。 2.将陈皮洗净,醋炒香附,放入沙锅中煎取药汁200毫升,将生姜切如米粒状,葱白切碎。 3.将鸡肉先用热油锅炒。对入药汁,加适量清水;先以大火煮沸,再用文火焖至药汁干涸;放姜粒、葱白、料酒、味精、酱油,炒拌而成。以佛手酒50毫升送服,每日1次。

瘦弱女性的6款增肥食谱

瘦弱女性的6款增肥食谱 以下介绍几款原料常见、制作简便的食谱,希望对改善消瘦女孩体质有所帮助。 一、清汤猪皮 原料:猪皮350克,葱段、姜片、花椒、大料、精盐 制作: (1)猪皮洗净,切成方片,入沸水锅中氽一下,捞出洗净,再放入净锅中,注入清水,加葱段、姜片、花椒、大料,用旺火烧沸,撇去浮沫,改用小火煮约1小时,待猪皮烂熟时,捞出,控水备用。 (2)木耳去根,洗净,撕成碎片,鲜蔬菜洗净,切成小段。 (3)用净锅,注入清水,倒入猪皮、木耳、蔬菜,加入葱姜丝、精盐,用旺火烧开,撇去浮沫,用小火煮一会,加味精、滴入香油即可。 特点:肉皮烂,味料全,汤清鲜。 功效:消瘦女性吃此菜可健肤丰肌,肥胖女子吃则可减肥,是女性保持身材苗条的佳品。 提示:猪皮毛要去净,蔬菜可用时令菜。 二、枸杞百合糯米粥 原料:枸杞20克,百合、红糖各30克,糯米100克。 制作: (1)枸杞洗净;百合去尘,洗净。

(2)糯米淘净,放入沙锅中,加入百合与枸杞,加适量清水,小火煨粥,粥成时加入红糖。拌匀即可。 特点:香甜可口。 功效:清心安神,丰肌泽肤,乌发固齿,身体瘦弱者可长期用此粥。 三、核桃羊肉粥 原料:核桃仁15克,羊肉100克,粳米60克,精盐、料酒、姜末、味精、香油各适量。 制作: (1)羊肉洗净,剁成肉泥;将核桃仁洗净,打碎。 (2)粳米淘净,放入砂锅,加清水、羊肉、核桃仁,小火煨粥,粥熟时加调料即可。 特点:咸鲜爽口。 功效:补肾助阳,益精健骨,丰肌泽肤。适用于体型瘦弱女子冬季服用。 四、番茄丰体饮 原料:番茄、葡萄各适量。 制作:番茄去皮搅汁;葡萄去核搅汁,两汁相合即可。 特点:清新爽口。 功效:增加营养,强壮肌体,润肤悦颜。适用于体型瘦弱女子。 五、番茄鲜蘑

瘦人增肥食谱5则偏方 文档 (2)

瘦人增肥食谱5则偏方 发布时间:2011-07-19 16:35:45 浏览:7397 来源: 有关资料显示:瘦人增胖每天需要热量约2200千卡,所以特别要注意增加富含蛋白质的食物,如肉、蛋、鱼、豆制品等,因为蛋白质是构成肌肉的主要成分,欲长肌肉就得提供原料,并且真正吸收,才能增胖。 特别推荐增肥:鸡蛋二只,打在碗内加生番茄汁一调羹和适量白糖,用等量开水冲成半熟食用,每日一次,早晨空腹服下。在服用增肥产品的同时采用此方法,二个月后就可达到意想不到的效果。 1、将十五克紫地榆和二十克的决明子,以一杯水煎至半量为止,一天分三次代茶饮,可获得增胖的效果。备注:紫地榆可以健胃整肠,决明子则是一种强壮药,两种处方合用,不但能恢复病后的体力,且能改善体质,连服六个月,就能见效。 2、本草纲目说:“鲳鱼,令人胆健,益气力。”含有丰富蛋白质,可多食。 3、食物本草上说“嘉鱼味甘性温无毒,煮食令人肥健悦怿”此属食饵补益品,增肥有效。 4、每餐饭后喝一杯蕃茄汁,也能产生异想不到的效果。蕃茄含有其它所没有的酵素,它的A、B及C的含量虽不及柑橘,但无论胃肠多衰弱的人,喝了蕃茄汁都不致于拉肚子,尤其是对难以消化、吸收的和蛋白,蕃茄汁都能将它们改变为容易吸收的形态。备注:据使用过的人说,一天饮三次蕃茄汁,一个月就能增加四公斤的体重,且饮过蕃茄汁后,身体会感到非常的爽朗。 后记:以上方法简单易行。身体偏瘦不好,腰上跨个救生圈也不好,处于健康考虑,所以还是适中吧!

男士增肥一日三餐的食谱 发布时间:2011-07-26 16:26:57 浏览:6432 来源: 女士们在狂热追求减肥的同时,身材苗条的男士们却在苦恼着怎样才能让自己胖一点。下面是本文收集的一日三餐增肥食谱,想要变强壮点的男士们,不妨试一试哦! 早餐,一杯蜂蜜水+一杯全脂牛奶+巧克力饼干、蛋糕。 午餐,多吃肉,最好先吃荤再吃素。因为肠胃会吸收你先吃进去的东西。饭后半小时吃螺旋藻胶囊。螺旋藻胶囊饭前食用可以减肥,而饭后食用则有增肥的功效哦。 下午餐,随身多带点巧克力,薯片,花生,奶油糖。没事就吃。 晚餐,和午饭一样多吃荤菜,饭后半小时吃螺旋藻胶囊。 瘦男人这样吃,只要没有什么疾病都会增肥的,等长足了20斤肉,再去健身房练一身性感的肌肉。 下面是小编千辛万苦找的三款增肥汤。 1.参芪炖鸡:党参30克,黄芪30克,母150克,红枣5颗,生3,放入碗内加水适量盖严,隔水炖2小时,加盐、味精调味,吃肉汤。 2.:当归30克,生姜15克,150克,加水适量,煮至羊肉烂为止,加盐等调味,吃肉饮汤。

瘦人增肥总策略+食谱

增肥总策略 中国医学认为,体病多因脾胃功能低下,气血不足所致。脾为后天之本,气血生化之源。脾胃健,气血盛,则肌肉丰腴,肢体强劲。反之,则身体消瘦,肢软乏力。医治体瘦先要排除因甲亢、肝病、肾病以及肿瘤等多种慢性病。然后采用中药治疗,会有很好的效果 ■瘦弱测试 一个人是胖是瘦不是凭眼睛看就能测算的,可以根据以下公式算出自己是否瘦弱了点:用身高的厘米数减去100后乘以0.9,得出的答案就是本人标准体重。如个人身高180厘米,标准体重就是(180-100)×0.9=72公斤,低于或高于标准体重10%都属于正常现象。如果你的实际体重低于标准体重10%以上,就要考虑自己是否偏瘦了。 ■特别提醒 一般情况下,体重过轻与遗传因素有关系,同时,一些情绪容易亢奋的人,由于内分泌的影响就可以加速热量的消耗。有些人容易紧张,结果可能是漏掉一餐或者食欲不振,一次损失上千卡热量自然不在话下,这样肯定不会胖。 如果发现自己的体重过轻,身体过瘦,首先要查一下是不是疾病的潜在影响。如甲状腺、糖尿病、肾上腺、消化系统疾病等,都容易造成体重过轻。排除了疾病的情况,才可以实施增肥计划。 ■身心愉快 瘦弱男女在饮食方面,有不少都存在挑食和偏食现象。因此,应改掉这些

不良习惯,增加膳食的摄入量,膳食应丰富多样。多吃碳水化合物,面食最管用,此外,高蛋白食品、蔬菜和水果一样都不能少,平日里更要口不离那些健康的零食,如花生、奶糖等,喝完啤酒再喝点果汁也是不错的主意。 在摄入足够蛋白质的情况下,宜多进食一些含脂肪、碳水化合物(即淀粉、糖类等)较丰富的食物。这样,多余的能量就可以转化为脂肪储存于皮下,使瘦弱者体态健壮起来。胃肠功能较弱的瘦子,可选择鸡、鸭、鱼、羊的肝脏来食用,除此,鱼类也易消化和吸收。 ■饮食多样 要想增肥,首先应当做到科学增肥,为健康增肥。平衡饮食外,还应保持充足而良好的睡眠。人的睡眠若比较充足,胃口就比较好,而且也有利于对食物的消化和吸收。不少瘦人喜欢过夜生活,动不动就玩个通宵,第二天又要强打精神去上班,严重影响了睡眠的质量,这样下去不瘦才怪。 还要注意的是个人心理健康。工作中的紧张和压力、生活中一些小事的想不开、超出人体负荷的“疯狂”学习或工作等,都会使人愈加消瘦。相反,愉快的心理状态、和谐的人际关系则有助于增肥。 ■适当运动 对于那些长期坐办公室的瘦人来说,每天应抽出一定的时间来锻炼,这不仅有利于改善食欲,也能使肌肉强壮、体魄健美。人体的肌肉是“用进废退”,如果长期得不到锻炼,肌肉纤维就会相对萎缩,变得薄弱无力,人也就显得瘦弱。 在运动方式上,慢跑是个不错的选择,因为人在慢跑的时候肠胃蠕动次数明显增多,这样可以消耗人体能量,在进餐时胃口就好。一般来说,大运动量运动、短时间运动和快速爆发力运动都能起到增肥效果,也是欲减肥的人最应忌讳

瘦人增肥食谱大全

一、四大营养汤增肥 肉类煲汤较油、热量高,很适合增肥.但专家提醒,虽然下班后地晚餐,人们更爱喝汤犒劳自己,但由于肉类煲汤较油、热量高,不适合晚上食用,最好选在上午或中午吃比较好.资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途 喝下面这些汤不但可以增肥还有其他地保健功效哦. .喝排骨汤增肥还可抗衰老 骨汤中地特殊养分以及胶原蛋白可促进微循环,—岁这年是人体微循环由盛到衰地转折期,骨骼老化速度快,多喝骨头汤可收到药物难以达到地功效.资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途 .增肥鱼汤增肥还可防哮喘 鱼汤中含有一种特殊地脂肪酸,它具有抗炎作用,可以治疗肺呼吸道炎症,预防哮喘发作,对儿童哮喘病最为有效.资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途 .增肥鸡汤增肥还可抗感冒 鸡汤,特别是母鸡汤中地特殊养分,可加快咽喉部及支气管膜地血液循环,增强黏液分泌,及时清除呼吸道病毒,缓解咳嗽、咽干、喉痛等症状.煲制鸡汤时,里面可以放一些海带、香菇等.资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途 小贴士:煲汤时间不要过长 专家提醒说,长时间加热能破坏煲类菜肴中地维生素;加热~小时,即可获得比较理想地营养峰值,此时地能耗和营养价值比例较佳.资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途.增肥牛肉汤增肥 煲牛肉汤时,放一两个番茄,可以增加汤中番茄红素地含量,而且果酸能嫩化牛肉纤维,使肉质更鲜美. 由于其中地胶原蛋白不能完全利于吸收,会给胃肠消化系统带来麻烦,即使要吃,也要与青菜、莲藕放在一起煮. 二、增肥宜选用地四种粥类食谱 .黄芪大枣粥 黄芪克,大枣克,大米克.将黄芪入锅内加水毫升,煎分钟,去渣留汁,入大枣、大米,常法煮粥,每日早、晚趁热服食.适用于消瘦之人.资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途 .羊脊粥 羊脊骨具洗净、剁碎,肉苁蓉克,菟丝子克以纱布包扎,加入适量煮炖小时.经常食用,有补虚弱、益精气、强腰脊之功效.适用于虚弱消瘦、腰脊疼痛等.资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途 .山药粥 取山药、乳酪、白糖各适量.将山药晒干研粉,每次取克,加冷水调匀,置炉上,小火煮熟,不断搅拌,两三沸后取下,调入乳酪、白糖即可食用.山药性味甘平,可补虚赢,长肌肉、润皮毛,为治消瘦、美容之妙品.乳酪可养肺润肤、养阴生津.两者合用,可健运脾胃,资助化源.适用于虚瘦患者.资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途 .甜浆粥 新鲜豆浆毫升,加淘净地大米适量,煮烂成粥,调白糖少许.每日食用.适用于体虚消瘦、久咳、便燥等. 三、增肥食谱家常菜 .增肥食谱——小白菜丸子汤 口味:咸鲜味工艺:煮 小白菜丸子汤地制作材料:

一、一周瘦20斤减肥食谱计划

一、一周瘦20斤减肥食谱计划 一、一周瘦20斤减肥食谱计划一周瘦20斤减肥方法之周一食谱 早:咖啡、苹果 午:米饭(一小碗)炒土豆青椒丝,生黄瓜一根,紫菜汤 晚:煮虾(数只),osli m20植物,烧豆腐、凉拌生洋葱、芹菜芽 一周瘦20斤减肥方法之周二食谱 早:麦片粥(一小碗)、面包(一片)葡萄 午:鲫鱼萝卜豆腐汤,煮鸡蛋(1个),蔬菜沙拉 晚:绿豆粥(一小碗)馒头(一个),生拌茄泥,生黄瓜一根 一周瘦20斤减肥方法之周三食谱 早:乌龙茶、弥猴桃 午:烧竹笋、凉拌西兰花、煮鸡蛋一个 晚:牛肉、凉拌海带丝。 一周瘦20斤减肥方法之周四食谱 早:大米粥(一小碗)、全麦面包(一片)、橙子一个 午:烧牛肉、蔬菜沙拉、冬瓜汤、生西红柿一个 晚:玉米粥(一小碗)、馒头、烧芦笋,生黄瓜一根 一周瘦20斤减肥方法之周五食谱 早:咖啡、苹果

午:米饭(一小碗)、素焖扁豆、炒青菜、冬瓜汤 晚:鸡肉、烧胡萝卜、凉拌芹菜 一周瘦20斤减肥方法之周六食谱 早:麦片粥(一小碗)橙子 午:煮鸡蛋一个、烧海鱼、蘑菇炒青菜 晚:白薯粥(一小碗),凉拌菠菜、饼(一两) 一周瘦20斤减肥方法之周日食谱 早:绿茶、苹果 午:胡萝卜、芹菜炒猪肝、煮鸡蛋(1个)、西红柿汤 晚:绿豆粥、蒜拌海带丝、馒头(1两)、生黄瓜一根 二、其他一周瘦20斤减肥方法一周瘦20斤用黄瓜鸡蛋快速减肥法 这款减肥方法很简单,只要你坚持每天用黄瓜和鸡蛋作为主要食物的话,一周瘦十斤是绝对没有问题的哦,而且一般来说是不会怎么腻的,毕竟这两种食物的做法都很多样,如果你想瘦的更快的话,只吃生黄瓜和煮鸡蛋就好,每天吃到饱就好了。 黄瓜和鸡蛋都是不会发胖的食物,并且可以提高你的新陈代谢,黄瓜中所含的大量维生素可以作为补充你的营养的物质,并且可以解决便秘的问题,鸡蛋中的钙质和蛋白质可以加速燃脂的速度,帮助你快速减肥。 第一周黄瓜鸡蛋减肥食谱 早上:鸡蛋一个(可以吃茶鸡蛋哦),黄瓜一根。 中午:鸡蛋一个(可以吃茶鸡蛋哦),黄瓜凉菜一份。 晚上:黄瓜一、两根。

瘦人增肥食谱大全

瘦人增肥食谱大全 一、四大营养汤增肥 肉类煲汤较油、热量高,很适合增肥。但专家提醒,虽然下班后的晚餐,人们更爱喝汤犒劳自己,但由于肉类煲汤较油、热量高,不适合晚上食用,最好选在上午或中午吃比较好。 喝下面这些汤不但可以增肥还有其他的保健功效哦。 1.喝排骨汤增肥还可抗衰老 骨汤中的特殊养分以及胶原蛋白可促进微循环,50—59岁这10年是人体微循环由盛到衰的转折期,骨骼老化速度快,多喝骨头汤可收到药物难以达到的功效。 2.增肥鱼汤增肥还可防哮喘 鱼汤中含有一种特殊的脂肪酸,它具有抗炎作用,可以治疗肺呼吸道炎症,预防哮喘发作,对儿童哮喘病最为有效。 3.增肥鸡汤增肥还可抗感冒 鸡汤,特别是母鸡汤中的特殊养分,可加快咽喉部及支气管膜的血液循环,增强黏液分泌,及时清除呼吸道病毒,缓解咳嗽、咽干、喉痛等症状。煲制鸡汤时,里面可以放一些海带、香菇等。 小贴士:煲汤时间不要过长 专家提醒说,长时间加热能破坏煲类菜肴中的维生素;加热1~1.5小时,即可获得比较理想的营养峰值,此时的能耗和营养价值比例较佳。 4.增肥牛肉汤增肥 煲牛肉汤时,放一两个番茄,可以增加汤中番茄红素的含量,而且果酸能嫩化牛肉纤维,使肉质更鲜美。 由于其中的胶原蛋白不能完全利于吸收,会给胃肠消化系统带来麻烦,即使要吃,也要与青菜、莲藕放在一起煮。 二、增肥宜选用的四种粥类食谱 1.黄芪大枣粥 黄芪30克,大枣10克,大米50克。将黄芪入锅内加水800毫升,煎30分钟,去渣留汁,入大枣、大米,常法煮粥,每日早、晚趁热服食。适用于消瘦之人。

2.羊脊粥 羊脊骨1具洗净、剁碎,肉苁蓉30克,菟丝子3克以纱布包扎,加入适量煮炖4小时。经常食用,有补虚弱、益精气、强腰脊之功效。适用于虚弱消瘦、腰脊疼痛等。 3.山药粥 取山药、乳酪、白糖各适量。将山药晒干研粉,每次取30克,加冷水调匀,置炉上,小火煮熟,不断搅拌,两三沸后取下,调入乳酪、白糖即可食用。山药性味甘平,可补虚赢,长肌肉、润皮毛,为治消瘦、美容之妙品。乳酪可养肺润肤、养阴生津。两者合用,可健运脾胃,资助化源。适用于虚瘦患者。 4.甜浆粥 新鲜豆浆500毫升,加淘净的大米适量,煮烂成粥,调白糖少许。每日食用。适用于体虚消瘦、久咳、便燥等。 三、增肥食谱家常菜 1.增肥食谱——小白菜丸子汤 口味:咸鲜味工艺:煮 小白菜丸子汤的制作材料: 主料:猪肉(肥瘦)200克,小白菜200克 辅料:粉丝150克 调料:色拉油30克,香油10克,盐8克,淀粉(玉米)20克,黄酒10克,胡椒粉2克,味精2克 教您小白菜丸子汤怎么做,如何做小白菜丸子汤才好吃 1. 猪肉剁糜加入盐(3克)、淀粉(20克)、绍酒(10克)拌匀,搅打一下挤成肉丸; 2. 小白菜洗净切成粗丝,粉丝用热水泡软,再用冷水冲凉待用; 3. 将小白菜放入抹过色拉油的大碗中,加盖高火4分钟; 4. 再加入粉丝、热高汤、肉丸子及胡椒粉(2克)、精盐(10克)、味精(2克),加盖高火10分钟,淋上芝麻油即可 小白菜丸子汤的制作要诀: 本品需热高汤适量。

一、一周瘦20斤减肥食谱计划

一、一周瘦20 斤减肥食谱计划 一、一周瘦20 斤减肥食谱计划一周瘦20 斤减肥方法之周一食谱 早:咖啡、苹果 午:米饭(一小碗)炒土豆青椒丝,生黄瓜一根,紫菜汤 晚 : 煮虾(数只),osli m20 植物,烧豆腐、凉拌生洋葱、芹菜芽一周瘦20 斤减肥方法之周二食谱 早:麦片粥(一小碗)、面包(一片)葡萄午:鲫鱼萝卜豆腐汤,煮鸡蛋(1 个),蔬菜沙拉晚:绿豆粥(一小碗)馒头(一个),生拌茄泥,生黄瓜一根一周瘦20 斤减肥方法之周三食谱早:乌龙茶、弥猴桃午:烧竹笋、凉拌西兰花、煮鸡蛋一个晚:牛肉、凉拌海带丝。 一周瘦20 斤减肥方法之周四食谱 早:大米粥(一小碗)、全麦面包(一片)、橙子一个午:烧牛肉、蔬菜沙拉、冬瓜汤、生西红柿一个晚:玉米粥(一小碗)、馒头、烧芦笋,生黄瓜一根一周瘦20 斤减肥方法之周五食谱早:咖啡、苹果 午:米饭(一小碗)、素焖扁豆、炒青菜、冬瓜汤晚:鸡肉、烧胡萝卜、凉拌芹菜一周瘦20 斤减肥方法之周六食谱早:麦

片粥(一小碗)橙子午:煮鸡蛋一个、烧海鱼、蘑菇炒青菜晚:白薯粥(一小碗),凉拌菠菜、饼(一两)一周瘦20 斤减肥方法之周日食谱早:绿茶、苹果午:胡萝卜、芹菜炒猪 肝、煮鸡蛋(1 个)、西红柿汤晚:绿豆粥、蒜拌海带丝、馒头(1 两)、生黄瓜一根二、其他一周瘦20 斤减肥方法一周瘦20 斤用黄瓜鸡蛋 快速减肥法 这款减肥方法很简单,只要你坚持每天用黄瓜和鸡蛋作为主要食物的话,一周瘦十斤是绝对没有问题的哦,而且一般来说是不会怎么腻的,毕竟这两种食物的做法都很多样,如果你想瘦的更快的话,只吃生黄瓜和煮鸡蛋就好,每天吃到饱就好了。 黄瓜和鸡蛋都是不会发胖的食物,并且可以提高你的新陈代谢,黄瓜中所含的大量维生素可以作为补充你的营养的物质,并且可以解决便秘的问题,鸡蛋中的钙质和蛋白质可以加速燃脂的速度,帮助你快速减肥。 第一周黄瓜鸡蛋减肥食谱 早上:鸡蛋一个(可以吃茶鸡蛋哦),黄瓜一根。中午:鸡蛋一个(可以吃茶鸡蛋哦),黄瓜凉菜一份。晚上:黄瓜一、两根。 第一周只能这样吃,别的食物最好别吃,当然一些梨子苹果之类的糖分含量较低的水果还是可以吃的,不过最好这七天内只吃一两个,第一周主要在快速消耗你的脂肪和糖分,尤其是糖分,大部分肥胖人群都喜欢吃甜食,那么就导致你体内的糖分居高不下,不但让你一直没办法快速的瘦下来,还容易得糖尿病呢。

一周减十斤的减肥食谱

一周减十斤的减肥食谱 方法/步骤 减肥食谱 早餐:一杯温水+蜂蜜,一袋无糖黑芝麻糊。 午餐:米饭半碗+ 水煮青菜+ +丝瓜汤 晚餐:减肥前期晚上只吃水果,听了养身专家说水果不易空腹吃,就改成了喝无糖芝麻糊,或者不吃。 每天保证至少喝2大杯水,饭后半小时吃一水果 坚持早上7点起床,晚上12点前睡觉,做到早睡早起,早起时喝杯蜂蜜温水再吃早餐。 减肥食谱一周瘦10斤需要配合一定的方法和技巧。 如果能回到很久以前,你会怎么预防肥胖? 如果回到很久以前我会控制饮食热量。控制饮食热量首先要知道自己每天所需要的热量,然后再算算我一天吃的东西总共有多少热量,不能超过每天所需热量的,这样就不会增肥的。 中式减肥餐之一南瓜粥 早餐南瓜枸杞大米粥、煎鸡蛋、什锦泡菜 中餐红烧牛肉,凉拌菠菜,素炒芥兰,半个馒头 晚餐冬瓜排骨汤,胡萝卜青椒土豆丝、凉拌茄泥 中式减肥餐之二 早餐红枣玉米糊糊一碗,素包子一个 中餐素焖扁豆,番茄菜花,虾仁蒸蛋羹,半碗米饭 晚餐麻辣烫,包括豆腐、蘑菇、青菜、海带、鸡肉丸等一大碗 中式减肥餐之三 早餐黑芝麻红豆粥一碗,茶蛋一个,凉拌萝卜丝小菜

中餐清炖胡萝卜白萝卜羊肉1碗,香菜拌豆腐丝1小盘,馒头半个 晚餐红枣枸杞乌鸡汤面1大碗内含几块鸡肉,50克挂面,青菜1把,蘑菇数朵 中式减肥餐之四全麦面包 早餐豆浆一碗、全麦面包两片、鸡蛋一个 中餐腐乳空心菜、皮蛋拌豆腐、醋烹绿豆芽,米饭半碗 晚餐素炒西胡芦、虾米烧冬瓜、腐竹拌黄瓜,红豆粥一小碗 中式减肥餐之五 早餐一个蒸糯玉米,1个荷包蛋,一杯牛奶 中餐西红柿牛肉面面只吃一半,凉拌海带胡萝卜丝 晚餐豆苗鱼丸汤,素炒丝瓜,烤甘薯1块 中式减肥餐之六红豆大米粥 早餐红豆大米粥一碗,爽口小菜一碟黄瓜、胡罗卜、芹菜加上煮五香花生米,桂圆或大枣1把 中餐西红柿炒鸡蛋,木耳拌芹菜,清炒油麦菜,米饭半碗 晚餐菠菜猪血豆腐汤,炒土豆丝,凉拌白菜心 中式减肥餐之七豆腐脑 早餐绿豆粥1碗,豆腐脑1碗,鸡蛋1只 中餐大丰收多种生蔬菜蘸酱1盘,糯米藕半盘,炒土豆丝半盘,萝卜炖牛腩1碗 晚餐白灼基围虾半盘,三鲜日本豆腐半盘,清炒芥蓝1盘,袖珍小馒头1个或玉米小饼1个 中式减肥餐之八 早餐牛奶燕麦粥一碗,肉松1勺,桂圆5个 中餐熏鱼1块,凉拌豆芽胡萝卜海带丝1盘,红豆沙小汤圆1碗,大枣5个 晚餐咸蛋1个,凤爪1盘,凉拌绿菜花,紫米粥1碗 中式减肥餐之九馒头

增肥营养餐食谱

增肥营养餐食谱 增肥营养餐食谱果香拼盆 原料:菠萝一只,山药、胡萝卜、芦笋、黄瓜、西兰花、番茄适量,盐、糖等适量。 做法: 1、将菠萝去皮,一切为二,挖空后待用。 2、山药、胡萝卜去皮切片,芦笋、黄瓜切成条。 3、将番茄去皮后切片,西兰花洗净后烫熟,备用。 4、油锅烧热后,放入山药、胡萝卜、芦笋、黄瓜翻炒,熟后调味、勾芡,倒入盘中的菠萝内,最后以西兰花、番茄围边即可。 特点:香气四溢,营养丰富,爽滑可口。 点评:菠萝含有丰富的维生素c和矿物质;胡萝卜含有胡萝卜素,有调节新陈代谢、增强人体免疫力的作用;山药能健脾润肺;芦笋、黄瓜含有丰富的维生素c、e和锌等。营养全面,能激发食欲。 麻香大虾 原料:鲜虾250克、芝麻75克、蛋清100克,食盐、鸡精、料酒、糖少许。 做法: 1、鲜虾去壳,加入食盐、鸡精、料酒、糖调味(料汁要浸入味)。

2、将虾逐个取出,拖上蛋清,粘上芝麻备用。 3、起油锅,待油锅至五六成热时,将虾投入,炸成金黄色即可。 特点:外香脆,里鲜嫩,是经典的营养菜。 点评:虾富含有蛋白质、钙、磷等矿物质和维生素a、b等。芝麻不仅香味诱人,还含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸和卵磷脂,有助于增强记忆力。 糟香三丝 原料:荷兰豆500克、冬笋100克、香肠100克,油、盐、水淀粉、糖、糟卤适量。 做法: 1、将荷兰豆、冬笋、香肠切丝。 2、油锅烧热后,放入三丝煸炒,加少许水、盐、糖、糟卤,烧开后用水淀粉勾芡;装盆后淋上少许熟油即可。 特点:色泽翠绿,口味鲜香。利用江南特有的糟溜法烹制,能让一些人乐于接受平时不太喜欢的蔬菜。 点评:鲜嫩的荷兰豆营养成分丰富,冬笋含有丰富的矿物质,香肠的蛋白质含量丰富。荤素搭配,营养互补。 鱼香火腿卷 原料:青鱼中段500克、冬笋100克、火腿100克,番茄、西兰花适量,葱、姜、油、盐、胡椒粉、水淀粉少许。 做法: 1、青鱼洗净去皮,批成片,加入盐、胡椒粉、水淀粉、姜片腌制约30分钟,备用。

15种增肥方法 教瘦人如何长胖

15种增肥方法教瘦人如何长胖 只要配合良好的生活作息与饮食控制,再配合中医师的药物调理,无病消瘦的瘦人,也能长胖成人见人爱的胖娃娃喔!本文超详细15种增肥方法教瘦人如何增肥长胖...... 1. 调理脾胃功能 消瘦者脾胃(消化)功能多半不好,不是食欲不振,就是消化吸收功能不良,所以吃再多东西身体也不长肉。因此想增肥的人必须先补脾健胃才行! 此外,在调理脾胃的同时,必须避免摄取有损脾胃功能的酸冷食物(包括山渣、柠檬、橘子、醋、生菜、泡菜等)、难消化的高纤蔬菜(比如韭菜、芹菜等)、以及高油脂食物都不宜多吃(如巧克力、油炸食物等)!可以补脾健胃的的食物则包括莲子、山药、扁豆、紫米、红枣、猪肚、薏仁等,其中最具代表性的食物是四神猪肚(小肠)、山药排骨等。 中医学说「瘦者多火」,亦即乾瘦者多属阴虚的热性体质,此火是指阴虚所引起的虚火,所以饮食上要以「滋阴清热」为主,应该避免摄取燥热、辛辣等容易助火散气的食物,比如葱、蒜、辣椒、虾、蟹等食物。此类患者特徵就是舌头很红、舌苔少、解便小粒而干结,这是脾虚不能生津液所引起的。西医所说的胃液、胰液、唾液等消化液,全都属于中医的「津液」,消化液不足就很难将吃进肚子里的食物进行消化吸收与利用,此类患者吃大量的食物只会带给肠胃更大的

负担,更别想要长肉。 针对此症,中医採用补脾阴的法来治疗,一帖50元的四神,有补脾阴虚的良效;而猪肚、猪肠则含有酵素成分,可以辅助药力,发挥开胃、助吸收的功能。此外,一般错误印象以为高油脂食物(如巧克力、油炸食物等)最易增胖,事实上,脾胃虚弱者对油脂的消化力很差,所以容易堆积在消化道里,既无法消化也无法吸收,只会增加脾胃的负担,使脾胃更加虚弱。所以想调理好脾胃健康,应完全戒除摄取此类食品,多吃一些可以健脾健胃的食物,来强健脾胃系统,如此长胖才易见成效喔! 2. 三餐定时,餐前一小时忌食零食 三餐应定时,让肠胃养成正常运作习惯,而且餐前一个小时避免零食,以免影响食欲、影响正餐的摄取量,就算是增肥,也应以三餐为主要的营养及热量摄取来源才对。若是为了加强增肥的效果,可以斟酌在三餐的空档多加两餐,至于加餐的食物内容,则以油脂量少、蛋白质与淀粉含量高的食物为佳,像是口味清澹的核果类与天然穀物,少吃垃圾食物,以免增肥不成反而增加肠胃的负担! 3. 合理分配三餐的摄取比例 早餐很重要,因为早餐是承接昨天晚餐后的第一餐,所以饮食摄取比例不应该只是随便应付而已,原则上,三餐的份量比重应该是差不多的,其分佈比例应该是: 早餐佔全天摄取总热量的25 ~30%; 午餐佔全天摄取总热量的30 ~35%;

增肥食谱计划表

健康,轻松增肥好套餐 【早餐:一定要吃、才有活力!】 1、一碗皮蛋瘦肉粥或小米粥 2、一杯豆浆或米浆. 3、一个水煮蛋 【早上的点心:帮助身体储藏能量】 下列食物任选一份:葡萄干、核果、花生、香蕉。 【午餐:快乐的进餐、才能吃胖呢!】 1、奇异果一个 2、一杯优酪乳 3、一碗饭或一碗面 4、水煮青菜一份 5、高纤饼干一份 【下午的点心:不要让小肚肚饿着了】 下列食物任选一份:奶昔一杯,高纤饼干 【晚餐:尽量按时进餐】 最好与家人或爱人 一起用餐。甜蜜的感觉,对增肥更有帮助。 1、现榨果汁一份 2、冰淇淋或优酪乳一份 3、生菜沙拉或炒青菜一份 4、一碗饭或一碗面 5、一份瘦肉或鱼肉 6、饭后再吃点菠萝、木瓜、或西红柿。 【宵夜:尽量在睡前两个钟头进食】 土司,将大蒜酱、奶油、满果酱、花生酱全部涂在上面。然后,再喝一碗肉汤、牛奶、或豆浆。夜宵吃到少少东西就好,不要吃得太饱,避免了过饱难以进入梦乡.吃完宵夜后,要刷牙漱口用牙线,才能睡觉唷! 天生好口味且增肥的玉兰野鸡片 制作原料: 主料:野鸡300克辅料:香菇(鲜)100克,鸡蛋清60克,玉兰片25克,辛夷5克 一、先剔去野鸡脯肉筋膜,批成薄片;野鸡片泡在用料酒和清水调的汁水中,以驱除腥味; 二、玉兰花洗净,每瓣去两头,顶瓣切去两头,顶头一切四片,香菇亦改刀成小块,再将泡过的野鸡片挤干水分;

三、加入精盐、鸡蛋清、淀粉调匀上心;然后将炒锅炙净,倒入熟花生油,烧至150℃左右,放入野鸡片、香菇,炒至八成熟; 四、随即放入玉兰片略滑一下,倒入漏勺滤油; 原炒锅烹入料酒,加入清汤、精盐、味精,用湿淀粉勾芡;倒入野鸡片、香菇、玉兰花片,迅速翻炒几下,取出装盘即成。 轻松几步,这道美味的增肥食谱就做成了,在这里玉兰野鸡片的制作要诀:本品有油炸过程,需备熟花生油约750克。料酒25克,淀粉(玉米)20克,盐6克,味精4克,花生油50玉兰野鸡片的特色:色泽洁白,鲜香细嫩,让你吃了留连忘返. 增肌食谱展示你漂亮的肌肉 正在进行增肌增重的消瘦男士,从以下几个方面着手,一定能够在短短数周看到肌肉的变化。肌肉的生长需要营养强化,要想在夏季你展示漂亮的肌肉?从现在开始就要注重营养的补充和加强。 例如想达到75公斤的男士一日增肌食谱安排 早餐:5片切片面包或2个馒头,牛奶2袋(500毫升),鸡蛋1个,蛋清3 个 早加餐:香蕉1个,乳清蛋白饮料1杯(280毫升 中餐:米饭/馒头250克,鸡胸肉/鱼肉/牛肉200克,蔬菜1份(约200 克),桃/苹果/香蕉1个,牛奶500毫升 运动中:健身饮(运动前及运动中、运动后)500毫升 运动后:健肌粉(运动后即刻服用)25克,肌酸(运动后即刻服用)5克 晚餐:米饭或面条200克,鸡胸肉/鱼肉/牛肉200克,蔬菜1份(约200 克),苹果/桃/香蕉1个,牛奶500毫升 1、为身体提供充足的热量 为了促进肌肉生长,热量摄八必须达到每天每公斤体重50千卡以上,如果一名75公斤的男士,想在短时间内快速增长体重,每天就需要撮八热量3750千卡,这些热量不仅能满足组织、器官基本功能的能量需求,更能为肌肉的合成提供充足热量。 2、肉、碳水化合物不容忽视 很多增肌爱好者非常重视蛋白质的补充,却忽视了碳水化合物(主食)的摄入.增肌者每日至少要摄入400—500克主食,如面包、米饭、馒头、面条等,这些食物的主要营养素为碳水化合物。值得一提的是,水果中也含有一定的碳水化合物,增肌者可以在加餐时、运动后多吃一些水果,如香蕉、葡萄等,以增加碳水化合物的摄入量。膳食甲碳水化合物的供能比例要达到60%。 碳水化合物是人体最主要,也是最直接、最经济的能量来源物质。摄入适当的碳水化合物不仅可以为运动提供足够的优质能量,还可以将力量训练时的肌肉分解供能比例降到最低. 3、蛋白质是肌肉合成的重要材料

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