Unit 13 The Needs That Drive Us All
1.Glossary
2.Key words:
relate/possible/likely/preserve/reserve/conserve/except/except for/human/humane
3.Phrases,idims and expressions
a counterforce to power by far along the way
evolve from simple to complex be associated with in conflict with
be built into the genetic structure in direct proportion to be destructive to
on one’s own branch out want sb around too much 4.Collocations
fulfill our biology destiny preserve the power plan one’s escape
satisfy the needs preach the virtues of humanity seek revenge
5.Grammar
1)some uses of as
2)more patterns of comparison
6.Word formation:
1) verb—noun
2) noun—verb
7.Back ground information
1) the author
2)Martin Luther King
3) some information about The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
8.Text structure and the main idea of this passage
9.Preview questions about the text.
1) What is the author trying to tell his readers? How would you summarize his ideas?
2) Has the author discussed all human needs in this essay? What specific human needs does he focus on? What is his prupose in singling out these particular needs?
3) Is he trying to address the problem of how different people can define power differently, acquire power in different ways, and use power for fifferent purposes? In
other words, is he trying to discuss the moral implication of these human desires?
4) Has the author said anything that you find thought-provoking?
5) would you say that the author is simply talking common sense?
6) would it be fair to say that the author is actually trying to justify human weakness?
7) Can you think of a few questions you would like to raise in class discussion?
10.Writing Devices
comparison
11. Sentence Paraphrase
1) All living creatures are driven by the basic need to stay alive and reproduce so that the species will continue. (para. 1)
2) I italicize the need for power because, unlike the other four needs that are shared to some extent by many higher animals, the way we continually struggle for power in every aspect of our lives seems uniquely human. (para. 1)
3) Simple survival needs like hunger, thirst, and sexual desire are relatively clear-cut, and we quickly learn what particular disconfort is attached to the denial of these basic needs. (para. 3)
4) Even politicians try to appear humble, emphasizing how much they wish to serve and how little they want to tell us what to do. (para.3)
5) While it is easy to understand that people who strive for power may become dominat and have a better chance to survive, most of us have difficulty accepting that this need is written in our genes. (para. 6)
6) That their teaching have been largely accpeted when what they advocate is so obviously self-serving is a tribute to how effective they have been in getting their message across. (para. 6)
7) Rather than go over what seems so obviuous, just ask yourself one question: who do you know is so completely satisfied with his life that he can go a week without complaining that someone has gotten in the way of what he wanted to do?
8) You can decide for yourself whether power is used more for good than for evil, but simply as a gentic need it has no morality. (para.9)
Lesson Ten Diogenes and Alexander I．Teaching Objectives: After learning this unit, students are supposed to: 1. get familiar with the rules of word formation ; 2. get familiar with some grammatical points; 3. retell the text as a whole; 4. have a thorough understanding of the whole text: Diogenes and Alexander 5. get a list of the new words and expressions and be able to use them freely in writing and daily conversation; II.Listening and speaking activities 1.Listen to the recording of the text and fill in the blanks about the main ideas of the article. 2. Talk about this passage with your friends ,and talk about what you think of Diogenes. III. Reading Comprehension and Language Activities 1. Pre-reading discussions: 1) What do you think of the person who lying on the street , shoeless, bearded, half-naked ? ? 2) Are you a cynic person?. 2. Background knowledge : 1) Cynic and Cynicism (愤世疾俗者与犬儒主义) ： The Oxford English Dictionary describes a cynic as a person “ disposed to find fault “ and as one who “shows a disposition to disbelieve in the sincerity or goodness of human motives and actions, and is wont to express this by sneers and sarcasm.”In short ,the cynic is “a sneering fault-finder” The ancient school of Cynicism was founded in the fourth century BC by Antisthenes. The Cynics urged both men and women to follow a way of life in harmony with nature and to reject all unnecessary civilized luxuries. They also rejected all social conventions ,customs and laws. 2)Diogenes （第欧根尼） Diogenes was a famous Cynic philosopher living during the time of Plato ( the 4th century BC ). Having to flee from Sinope because of charges against him and his father for debasing the public coin , Diogenes went to Athens where he studied under comforts of civilized life , and lived an extremely ascetic lifestyle. Later on the captured by pirates and sold into slavery in Crete to Xeniades, who was so impressed by the philosopher that he made him the teacher of his children . He is said to have died of old age in the same year as Alexander the Great in 323 BC. 3. Text analysis: Part One (para.1-10) Description of Diogenes as a beggar, a philosopher and a missionary, his lifestyle and doctrine: Cynicism. Part Two (para.11-12) Description of Alexander the Conqueror, who was the greatest man of the time . Part Three(para.13-17) The dramatic encounter of the two , revealing that only these two men
我们像在暖房里种花那样养孩子是错误的。我们必须让他们接触各种社会问题，因为不久他们就将作为公民来应对这些问题。 It was wrong to raise our children the way we grow flowers in the greenhouse. We must expose them to all social problems because very soon they will be dealing with them as responsible citizens. 随着时间的推移，我们不可避免地会越来越多地卷入国际事务。而冲突必然会发生，因为国家之间总有不同的观点和利益。 As time goes on we are inevitably going to get more and more involved in international affairs. And conflicts are sure to occur because there always exists different views and interests among nations 我们为我们的成就而骄傲，我们有理由感到骄傲。但是我们永远不能变得狂妄，不然我们就会失去我们的朋友。 We are proud of our accomplishments, and we have reason to be. But we must never become arrogant. Otherwise we will lose our friends. 信息现在唾手可得。一个普通的电脑就能储存一个普通图书馆的信息。 Information is now easily available. An average computer can store the information of a small library. 那家建筑公司没有资格操作这个项目。他们没有任何法律文件能证明他们具备必要的专门技术。我们必须找一个专门建造歌剧院的公司。 That construction company is not qualified to handle the project. They do not have any legal document to certify that they have the necessary expertise. We must find a company that specializes in building theatres. 这些智囊团不作决策。他们力图提出一些对决策者十分有用的新主意和深刻的分析。These think tanks do not make decisions. They are out to generate new ideas and penetrating analyses that will be extremely useful for decision makers. 国内生产总值不是一切。如果人民的生活质量没有真正改善的话，我们国家就不能说已经现代化了。 The growth of GDP is not everything. Our country cannot be said to have been modernized unless the quality of our people?s lives is really improved. 虽然那时候我们在很多方面都很困难，但作为孩子我们仍然幸福，因为有干净的空气、水；江河湖泊里有很多鱼、螃蟹，黄鳝；田野里有花，有树，有鸟。 Poor as we were in many ways at that time, we were still quite happy as children, for there was clean air, clean water, a lot of fish, crabs and eels in the rivers, lakes and ponds; and a lot of flowers, trees and birds in the fields.
综合英语 1 Comprehensive English1 【学分】4 【学时】64 【编写】袁邦照【审核】程莹 （一）授课对象 四年制本科英语专业学生 （二）课程的性质和地位 本课程是是本科英语专业低年级的一门学科基础课程，是英语专业基础阶段全面培养和提高学生语言能力和交际能力的一门课程，在整个基础英语教学中具有重要奠基作用。本课程的教学，是在学生已初步掌握一定的英语词汇、语音、语法基本知识和听、说、读、写基本技能的基础上进行的，因此，主要教学目的在于进一步提高学生综合运用英语的能力，特别是要加强口笔头语言表达能力，同时加深对词汇、语法、写作、修辞等方面的知识，同时指导学生学习方法，培养逻辑思维能力，为进一步接受英语专业高年级教育打下全面的牢固的基础。本课程以课文教学为中心，采用精讲多练、讲练结合的方式，主要通过语言基础训练与篇章讲解分析，启发学生学习语言的积极性和自觉性，使学生逐步提高语篇阅读理解能力，了解英语各种文体的表达方式和特点，扩大词汇量和熟悉英语常用句型，具备基本的口头与笔头表达能力，并逐步形成用英语思维的能力。 （三）课程教学的目标 1.改变观念：帮助学生尽快熟悉大学学习环境和自主学习方法；使学生养成良好的学习习惯；培养学生的独立工作能力。引导学生改变应试学习的观点，逐步树立“To know English is to speak English.”的观念。 2.语音：通过一对一纠音练习，语音模仿秀等，整顿学生的语音面貌，提高学生的朗读技巧。 3.词汇和语法：盘活中学所学语法和词汇，使之成为语言交际的实际技能。认知词汇3000-4000个(其中含中学已学2 000个)，熟用其中1600-1800个及其最基本的搭配。听力：能在15分钟听写根据已学知识编写的材料(词数120左右，念四遍，第一、四遍语速为每分钟100个词，第二、三遍根据意群停顿)，错误率不超过8%。要求学生每天收听CRI及VOA的Special English。熟悉新闻广播的特点和语速。 4.口语：能使用课文中的重点词汇和短语复述课文；能用英语正确表达所学的功能意念，以达到实际交流运用的目的。 5.阅读和写作：能读懂词汇量为2000-2500的浅易材料及简易读物，阅读速度每分钟60-80个词，理解基本正确，能抓住中心大意。对重点句子能够释义。学会初步使用“英英”
Let me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher. It was January of 1940 Kansas City. Part of the student body was a beanpole with hair on top who came into my class, sat down, folded his arms, and looked at me as if to say "All right, teach me something." Two weeks later we started Hamlet. Three weeks later he came into my office with his hands on his hips. "Look," he said, "I came here to be a pharmacist. Why do I have to read this stuff" And not having a book of his own to point to, he pointed to mine which was lying on the desk. 给你们讲讲我刚当老师时候的一次失败经历吧。那是1940年的1月，我从研究生院 毕业不久，在堪萨斯城大学开始第一学期的教学工作。一个瘦高，长得就像顶上有毛的豆角架一样的男学生走进我的课堂，坐下，双臂交叉放在胸前，看着我，好像在说：“好吧，教我一些东西。”两周后我们开始学习《哈姆雷特》。三周后他双手叉腰走进我的办公室，“看，”他说，“我来这是学习当药剂师的。我为什么必须读这个？”由于没有随身带着自己的书，他就指着桌子上放着的我的那本。 New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things. I could have pointed out that he had enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school, but in a college and that at the end of his course meant to reach for a scroll that read Bachelor of Science. It would not mankind has generated within its history. That is to say, he had not entered a technical training 虽然我是位新老师，我本来可以告诉这个家伙许多事情的。我本来可以指出，他考 入的不是制药技工培训学校而是大学，而且他在毕业时，应该得到一张写有理学学士而不是“合格的磨药工”的学位证书。这证书会证明他专修过药剂学，但它还能进一步证明他曾经接触过一些人类发展史上产生的思想。换句话说，他上的不是技能培训学校而是大学，在大学里学生既要得到培训又要接受教育。 I could have told him all this, but it was fairly obvious he wasn't going to be around long enough for it to matter. twenty-four hours. They will be a little shorter when you are in love, and a little longer when you are out of love, but the average will tend to hold. For eight of these hours, more or less, you will be asleep." 但是，由于我当时很年轻而且责任感也很强，我尽量把我的意思这样表达出来：“在 你的余生中，”我说，“平均每天24小时左右。谈恋爱时，你会觉得它有点短；失恋时，你会觉得它有点长。但平均每天24小时会保持不变。在其余的大约8个小时的时间里，你会处于睡眠状态。 "Then for about eight hours of each working day you will, I hope, be usefully employed. Assume you have gone through pharmacy school —or engineering, or law school, or client doesn't go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence. These are all useful pursuits. They involve skills every man must respect, and they can all bring you basic
MoreWork on the Text Ⅱ Vocabulary 1. Translate. (P14 1 From English into Chinese. (1学校教职员工 (10青春期 (2政治上的成熟 (11种族偏见 (3成长过程中的变化 (12每天工作日程 (4认同危机 (13伦理道德观念 (5恋爱关系 (14处理日常生活的能力 (6遗传工程 (15历史背景 (7学术生活 (16异性 (8偶然事件 (17感情上的支持 (9民族认同 (18生活方式 2 From Chinese into English. (1 to pursue an education (10 to drag one's feet (2 to acquire knowledge (11 to evaluate the result (3 to handle the case (12 to process knowledge (4 to define the word (13 to perform one's duty (5 to select one's major (14 to narrow the gap
(6 to resent the treatment (15 to expand business (7 to establish their identity (16 to expect better results (8 to frustrate the students (17 to assemble cars (9 to declare war (18 to present facts 2. Give synonyms and antonyms of the following. (P15 1 Give synonyms. (1 objective, purpose, end (7 choice (2 to happen (8 to choose/to pick or pick out (3 to increase/to enlarge/to grow/to develop (9 main/chief/principal/leading (4 to try/to attempt/to make an effort (10 belief (5 clear (11 strong feeling (6 magazine (12 to get/to gain/to obtain 2 Give antonyms. (1 masculine (9 to exclude (2 immature (10 disapproval (3 independence (11 mistrust/distrust
Vocabulary 1 –ent 2–ent 3-ant 4–ent 5 -ant 6 -ant 7–ent 8 -ant 9 -ant 10–ent 11–ent 1 2 –ent 1 3 -ant 1 4 –ent 1 5 –ent 1 6 –ent 1 7 –ent 1 8 –ent 1 9 –ant Accountant; assistant; defendant; dependant; attendant (n.) 2 classification identification intensification justification simplification certification glorification specification globalization specialization Americanization industrialization urbanization idealization centralization marketization nationalization privatization permission discussion admission profession commission confession remission impression emission oppression submission compression transmission expression omission depression 3 1 sensitive, sensible, senseless, sensibility, oversensitive, insensitive 2 technical, technically, technician 3 specially, specialty, specialize
现代大学英语精读教案 Revised final draft November 26, 2020
U n i t1H a l f a d a y 教学目的 1. 了解作者及其背景知识； 2．熟悉本文使用的写作手法； 3．掌握修辞疑问句、倒装句等修辞手法； 4．熟练掌握三类构词法； 5．通过深刻理解文章内涵，培养学生社会洞察力和相关的讨论能力，同时掌握文中的核心语言点。 教学内容 1. 热身 2．作者 教育与背景 主要着作 创作观 3．作品赏析 结构分析 如何赏析文学作品 扩展式讨论 4．写作技巧 省略疑问句和修辞疑问句 倒装句 “with”独立结构 5．语言理解 长难句解析 核心词汇学习 band, convince, daze, exert, intricate, observe, overlook, rank, revolve, startle, uviverse, vary 介词练习 构词法：-tion; -volve; -ly 6．课堂讨论 7．练与讲 教学重点 1. 文学作品的赏析； 2．文学中的修辞手法――省略疑问句和修辞疑问句；倒装句；“with”独立结构 3．构词法：前缀 教学方法结合实际吸收各种教学法（讲授、问答、讨论、模仿、练习、多媒体使用）的优点。 教学手段用投影仪播放PowerPoint课件及板书；群发电子邮件布置课堂资料和课后作业（或其来源）。 ⅠAbout the author ★ Naguib Mahfouz was born on the 11th Dec. 1911 in an old quarter of Cairo, the youngest son of a merchant. （mummies and pyramids / sphinx 狮身人面）
Vocabulary 1 Translate the following expressions. Into English 1. distribute wealth 2. drill a hole 3. drive the turbine 4. refine/extract oil 5. invite disaster 6. irrigate land 7. squander money Into Chinese 1. 无法满足的需求 2. 不明智的补救办法 3. 地下水水位 4. 已经断流的河流 5. 饥荒、瘟疫及大规模的移民 6. 供应及需求 7. 大澡盆、电热淋浴及抽水马桶 8. sustain river deltas and wetlands 9. sweep the globe 10. drain/remove the sewage 11. save water 12. conserve soil 13. satisfy the demands: meet the needs 14. harness rivers and lakes 8. 作物品种 9. 灌溉区 10. 物质不灭定律；质量守恒定律 11. 海水谈化 12. 供不应求；供过于求 13. 濒危物种 14. 冷却系统 15. 火电 4 Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Statistics show that China has a total amount of 2.8 trillion cubic meters of water resources, second only to Brazil, Russia and Canada, ranking the fourth (to be updated) in the world. But when divided by 1.3 billion, our average per-capita share of water resources only amounts to about one quarter of the world’s average. 2. We have always been heavily burdened with the problem of water shortage. It is said that of the 661 large and medium-sized cities nationwide, about two-thirds are suffering from an acute shortage of water. Beijing is a good example in point. It not only lacks surface water, even its underground water table is dangerously low. It is reported
现代大学英语精读第二册语法点总结 Unit 1: the usages of future times；（将来时态） coordinating conjunctions（并列连词） Unit 2：“the way” in relative clauses （the way在关系从句中的用法）with + noun + preposition phrase/ participle /adjective construction （with结构做伴随状语） Unit 3: noun clauses (introduced by wh-words); （名词性从句） the gerund （动名词） Unit 4: appositive clause （同位语从句） indefinite pronoun: anybody/anyone; somebody / someone; everybody/ everyone; nobody/ no one; anything; something; everything; nothing （不定代词） Unit 5: the gerund; （动名词） the infinitive; （to do 不定式） attributive modifiers (定语) Unit 6：the present perfect continuous tense (现在完成进行时) the usage of the present participle phrase (现在分词) Unit 7：无（test） Unit 8：Comparative Degree （比较级：特别是the more….the more; bette r and better结构） Subject Complement (形容词做主语补足语：S+V+Adj.) Unit 9: with/without + noun phrase + an infinitive phrase (with、without在独立主格结构的应用) the infinitive as the subject (to do 不定式做主语) Unit 10：past participle phrase as adverbial （过去分词做定语的用法） Unit 11：part of speech （词性） Unit 12: ever/ never 的用法 比较级的用法（特别是比较级前面有副词修饰；同级比较） Unit 13：Ｖ＋Ｏ＋Ｃ宾语补足语 Could / might /should/ must +have done （虚拟语气）
Michael Welzenbach 1. When I was 12 years old, my family moved to England, the fourth major move in my short life. My father’s government job demanded that he go overseas every few years, so I was used to wrenching myself away from friends. 2. We rented an 18th-century farmhouse in Berkshire. Nearby were ancient castles and churches. Loving nature, however, I was most delighted by the endless patchwork of farms and woodland that surrounded our house. In the deep woods that verged against our back fence, a network of paths led almost everywhere, and pheasants rocketed off into the dense laurels ahead as you walked. 3. I spent most of my time roaming the woods and fields alone, playing Robin Hood, daydreaming, collecting bugs and bird-watching. It was heaven for a boy —but a lonely heaven. Keeping to myself was my way of not forming attachments that I would only have to abandon
1.Not very far from Naples, a strange city sleeps under the hot Italian sun. It is the city of Pompei i, and there is no other city quite like it in all the world. Nothing lives in Pompeii except crickets a nd beetles and lizards, yet every year thousands of people travel from distant countries to visit it. 1. 在离那不勒斯不远的地方，一座奇特的小城寂静的沉睡在意大利炙热的骄阳之下。那就是庞培城。全世界再没有任何一个城市和庞培城相像。在庞培城中，除了蟋蟀、甲虫和蜥蜴之外，别无其他生物，然而每年都有成千上万的人从不同国度不远万里前来参观。 2.Pompeii is a dead city. No one has lived there for nearly two thousand years----not since the su mmer of the year A.D. 79, to be exact. 2.庞培是一座死城。确切的说自从公元79年的那个夏天开始，两千年来没有人在这里生活过。 3.Until that year Pompeii was a prosperous city of 25,000 people. Nearby was the Bay of Naples, an arm of the blue Mediterranean. Rich men came down from wealthy Rome to build seaside vill as. Farmlands surrounded Pompeii. Rising behind the city was the 4000-foot Mount Vesuvius, a gr ass-covered slope where the shepherds of Pompeii took their goats to graze. Pompeii was a busy city and a happy one. 3.直到那年夏天庞培成还是一座拥有25000人的繁荣城市，离那不远就是蓝色地中海之臂的那不勒斯湾。一些有钱人从富有的罗马城来到这里建造海边别墅。庞培城的周围有农田环绕。在这座城市的背后矗立着4000英尺高的维苏威火山。绿草覆盖的山坡上，牧羊人赶着他们的羊群在吃草。庞培城是一座繁忙而又充满幸福感的城市。 4.It died suddenly, in a terrible rain of fire and ash. The tragedy struck on the 24th of August, A.D. 79. Mount Vesuvius, which had slept quietly for centuries, erupted with savage violence. Tons of hot ash fell on Pompeii, hiding it from sight. For three days the sun did not break through the clou ds of volcanic ash that filled the sky. And when the eruption ended, Pompeii was buried deep. A c ity had perished. 4.可是，在一阵可怕的火与灰的袭击中，这座城市灭亡了。这个悲剧发生在公元79年的8月24日。维苏威火山。这座沉睡了几世纪的山脉，突然剧烈的爆发了。数以吨计滚烫的火山灰落到了庞培城遮住了人们的视线。3天以来阳光都无法穿过被火山灰充斥的云层。当喷发结束的时候，庞培城被深深的掩埋了。这座城市也就消失了。 5. Centuries passed, Pompeii was forgotten. Then, seventeen hundred years later, it was discover ed again. Beneath the protecting shroud of ash, the city lay intact. Everything was as it had been t he day Vesuvius erupted. There were still loaves of bread in the ovens of the bakeries. In the wine shops, the wine jars were in place, and on one counter could be seen a stain where a customer h ad thrown down his glass and fled. 5.几个世纪过去了，庞培城几乎被遗忘了。不过，1700年后，人们又重新发现了它。在火山灰的保护下，这座城市完好无损的躺在那里。一切都是维苏威火山喷发那天的样子。面包店烤箱里依然有尚未出炉的面包，在卖红酒的店里，酒坛子依然放在原处，在柜台前，人们扔下酒杯逃命的痕迹清晰可见。 6. To go to Pompeii today is to take a trip backward in time. The old city comes to life all around y ou. You can almost hear the clatter of horses’ hoofs on the narrow streets, the cries of children a nd the laughter of the shopkeepers. The sky is cloudlessly blue, with the summer sun high in the s ky. The grassy slopes of great Vesuvius rise to the heavens behind the city, and sunlight shimmers on the waters of the bay a thousand yards from the city walls. Ships from every nation are in port and strange languages can be heard in the streets. 6.今天，去庞培可以称得上是一次体验时光倒流的旅行，古老的城市在你的周围仿佛又重新充满了活力。你几乎能听到狭窄街道上的马蹄声，孩子们的哭闹声和店主们的笑声。蔚蓝的
Task 1 Yesterday morning Gretel went to the city of London. She wanted to see St Paul?s Cathedral. She was surprised to see so many Englishmen who booked alike. They were wearing dark suits and bowler hats. They were all carrying umbrellas and newspapers. When she returned home she asked Mr. Clark about these strange creatures. “They must be typical English gentlemen,” she said. “ I have often read about them and seen photographs of them. They all look as if they are wearing a uniform. Does the typical gentleman still exist?” Mr. Clark laughed. “I?ve never thought about it,”he answered. “It?s true that many of the men who work in the city of London still wear bowler hats and I suppose they are typical Englishmen. But look at this.” Mr. Clark picked up a magazine and pointed to a photo of a young man. “He?s just as typical, perhaps. it seems as if there is no such a thing as a …typica l? Englishman. Do you know the English saying …It takes all kinds to make a world?? That?s true of all countries—including England. “Oh, just like the poem …If All the Seas Were One Sea?,” Gretel began to hum happily. “If all the seas were one sea, what a great sea it would be! And if all the trees were one tree, what a great tree it would be1and if this tree were to fall in the sea, what a great splash there would be!” Task 2 John is British but has worked in Japan.Etsuko is a Japanese student from Osaka and she is studying in Britain. New they are comparing life in the two countries. John: I found that living in Japan, people were much busier. They seem to work the whole day. Etsuko:Yes, that?s right. We work from Monday through Saturday, even in summer. You know, summer in Japan is just horrible. It?s very very humid and hot, and you need to shower three times a day. John: So you find it cooler in England? Etsuko: Yes, that?s right. John: where I was living in Japan in the north, it was much colder than England, especially in winter, minus thirty degrees centigrade. Does the winter in Osaka last longer than the winter in England? Etsuko: No, I don?t think so. December, January, February, Marc h… John: Yes, it?s a bit shorter if anything. Etsuko: Ever since I came here., I noticed that the countryside in England is really beautiful. John: It?s much flatter than in Japan. Etsuko: Yes, Japan is a mountainous country and our cities are full of people. There are lots of people in a limited area. John: Yes, I found Japan much more mountainous than Britain, especially in the north. The mountains are much higher and much more rocky. I found it more beautiful than Britain. Etsuko: Yes, if you like mountains. John: Therefore the towns and villages tend to be more crowded.