雅思分类作文词汇意义
1 记住并熟练运用这些必要的词汇，使你的文章行文词汇实现繁简搭配。
2 通过词汇学习，使你对特定题目产生丰富多彩的思路来源。
3
Five purposes of education:
1.德Moral: improve moral standard
As everyone knows, one of the main functions of education is to improve people’s moral standard.
2.智Intellectual：theoretical（理论上的theory）knowledge, independent 独
立的and critical thinking, analyzing 分析skills and problem solving ability;
communication and social skills, the capability of adapting to new environment
3.体Physical: develop physical fitness健康; healthy lifestyle
4.心理Psychological: self-cultivation （cultivate 耕种培养）an appreciation
欣赏of art and literature文学
5.劳Work: practical skills improve career prospects前景
作文必备词汇
Theoretical 理论的
Theoretical knowledge itself is not adequate 足够的for people to gain a favorable position 优势地位in the job market in this competitive society. That is to say, students must be taught how to apply theoretical knowledge to practical work.
A reasonable teaching system should focus on both theoretical knowledge and practical experience.
Practical 实践的
Nurture 培养教育
Physical 身体上的
Psychological 心理上的
The main duty of educators is not only to impart 传授knowledge but also to guarantee 保证that students have a sound 健全的完好的physical and psychological development.
Intelligence 智力智能IQ = intelligence quotient
Intellectual 智力的有智力的n 知识分子
Motivate 激发
Teachers should motivate students to study hard through various creative methods 方法.
Self-motivated
I believe that, for teachers, the most important ability is being able to motivate students.
Qualify 使具有资格qualified teachers
The background 背景of overseas education will qualify me to be an IELTS teacher. Talent 天才才干人才
Curriculum n
Many students take
Discipline纪律学科
Encouraging students to criticize their teachers and evaluate their work will definitely lead to the loss of discipline and respect in classroom.
Subject 科目学科
Educational departments should design some subjects that will help students to gain practical skills in addition to theoretical knowledge.
Adolescent 青春期的青春的
Some psychological knowledge will definitely help while teaching children who are experiencing adolescent changes.
Team spirit
Doing part-time jobs will provide students a chance to have their cultivated.
All-rounded 全面的
The primary goal that students need to achieve is to get all-rounded development in terms of their morals, intelligence and psychological wellbeing安好.
Adapt to sth 使适应某事
An important ability that students will gain from study abroad is to quickly adapt to a totally new environment.
Mature 成熟的
Interactive交互式的互动的
In order to create a harmonious 和谐的relationship between teachers and students, an interactive way of teaching should be encouraged.
Feedback 反馈
The result of examination serves as a kind of feedback of teaching quality, which will help teachers to adjust their teaching plans.
Earn a living 谋生
Raise family 养家
Colleges and universities should provide students work-related skills and practical knowledge because most graduates will earn a living and raise family when they leave school.
Learn by rote 死记硬背
Learning by rote will not.
Sophie goes abroad to get her master degree to serve the purpose of getting a good job in an international company.
Degree factory 学历工厂
Instead of being degree factories, colleges and universities are places where students acquire practical skills and abilities.
Learner-oriented 以学生为导向的
A learner-oriented teaching system requires teachers to understand their students from different perspectives（视角）.
Impart knowledge 传授知识
Obtain/acquire knowledge and skills
Practical and professional skills 实用的职业技能
成为合格的雇员
Become competitive in the job market 在职场上有竞争力
Make contributions to social progress
Achieve life value 实现人生价值
Be lack of sleep and physical exercise
Facing the keen/fierce competition as well as numerous examinations, most of Chinese high school students are lack of sleep and physical exercise, which is detrimental to their health.
Heavy burden of study deprives of the opportunities to take part in the outdoor activities.
They deprived the criminal of political rights for all his life.
These misfortunes almost deprived him of his reason 理性. Encouraging students to think independently and critically makes an excellent teacher stand out sharply.
Our educational system leaves much to be desired. Instead of making our students memorize facts, we should encourage them to think independently and critically. Promote students’ physical, intellectual and emotional development
促进学生的身体智力和情感发展
Help foster in the young the morally sound
帮助青少年树立正确的价值观
A school is society in miniature 学校是社会的一个缩影
Issues:
1. Climate change global warming
2. Air pollution increase of rubbish/ garbage
3. Energy crisis water shortage de forest ation
4. Natural disasters 天灾acid rain 酸雨sand storms 沙尘暴drought 干旱Causes
1.Industrial development 工业发展pollution growth
2.Long term human activities lack of consciousness of environment protection
环保意识的缺乏
Solutions:
全球合作reach the agreement set international standards for environment protection
2--Make laws encourage low carbon economy 经济
3—Exploit 开发renewable, green energy, invest in energy-saving technologies 4—Promote environmental friendly products develop green consuming habits 5—rai se public’s green awareness encourage low carbon lifestyle
She is aware of the danger.
Low carbon 低碳
Low carbon lifestyle will become more popular when people’s environment awareness is enhanced.
Green 环保的
Environmental-friendly 环保的
Eco-friendly 环保的
Ecosystem 生态系统ecology
Environmental protection 环境保护
Preserve 保护
Facing the possibility of depletion of natural resources, it is imperative to preserve our current natural resources. Currently
Sustainable development可持续发展
While developing renewable energies, such as wind, solar and hydro powers, we must consume our current natural resources wisely, which is the only way to achieve a sustainable development.
Deplete natural resources 耗尽自然资源
Discharge/release pollutants into the environment 向环境排放污染物
Because there are no relevant laws monitoring our environment quality, some factories with slight attitudes towards our environment situation discharge pollutants into our environment.
Greenhouse effect 温室效应
Global warming 全球变暖
Discharge 排放
Toxic 有毒的
Contaminate 污染弄脏
Degrade 恶化降级
take
take measures to do
Shortage 缺乏= deficiency
enact some relevant laws
Lack vt 缺乏
Deficiency 不足缺乏
deficient 不足的efficient 高效的sufficient 充足的
Fight climate change
Due to the deficiency of funds, some rural education and medical care are far from developed.
Improve air quality
Conserve energy 节约能源
Renewable energies such as wind, hydro and solar powers
可再生能源，例如风能水能和太阳能
Fuel-efficient vehicles 燃油高效汽车
Take public transit, carpool or ride a bicycle
Avoid using throw-away products
Environmental-friendly products
Eco-friendly alternatives/ substitutions/ replacements 生态友好的替代品substitute
Sort the daily garbage 分类生活垃圾
Consume less and recycle more 少消费多回收
Positive impacts:
1.Improve work efficiency
2.Convenience, with a click of mouse cost-effective 划算的
3.Promote and facilitate communication
4.Obtain information in various ways, enrich knowledge
Negative impacts:
1.Invade one’s privacy
2.Less quality family time increasing work pressure
3.Security issue 安全问题cyber crimes 网络犯罪
4.Questionable contents, pornography 色情, violence
5.Physical problem radiation 辐射weaken eyesight less outdoor activities
6.Psychological problem indulge in virtual world（虚拟世界）become solitary
不合群be isolated from the real world weaken the relationship with family members and friends
科技类写作必背词汇
Surf on the Internet (net)
Hi-tech features 高科技特征
Business transactions 处理办理nowadays are with Hi-tech features.
Website 网址
Convenient conveniences
The development of hi-tech has greatly enhanced productivity生产力and brought us a lot of conveniences.
Geographical barrier
The internet helps people overcome the geographical barrier s and makes the world smaller．
Digital watch
Electronic
Virtual world 虚拟世界virtue 美德
As the internet technology develops, the fact that many young people are indulged in the virtual world cannot be ignored.
Infringe the privacy 侵犯隐私
makes it possible that people’s privacy is infringed.
Pirate electronic products 盗版的电子产品
The development of Hi-tech has made it more difficult to prevent pirate electronic products.
Security
The installation安装of hidden cameras can provide a sense of security
守法公民.
Radiation 辐射
We can send an e-mail to our friends who are studying overseas with a click of the mouse, while sending a traditional letter will take at least one week and cost more. An information age
Be lost in = be indulged in
Spending too much time in front of computer will cause damage to people’s health. The minute we log on 登陆the Internet, we are just a click away from the latest information worldwide.
The development of the Internet makes people today have access to any information or knowledge on the internet.
Cutting-edge technology 尖端技术
Everyone in our school has access to the Internet.
Confronted with information explosion, people today are as to how to make use of the information on the internet. Therefore, it is necessary
to teach people how to the information they really need.
Due to the proliferation of the Internet
由于互联网的普及
With an increasing popularity of mobile phones
随着手机的越来越流行
Technology innovation革新创新should be encouraged.
With the development of labor-saving machinery, a vast number of labors will be set free.
Biotechnology
The development of biotechnology makes it possible that we minimize 降到最低数量the use of pesticide 杀虫剂on agricultural products.
The development and application of telecommunication technology helps relieve the pressure on transportation and limited space by making home-office working a reality.
Space exploration 太空探索explosion
Hacker
Conventional method 传统手段
Face to face
Online retailer whole sale
Netizen 网民
Cost-effective 节省成本的
Blog
Cybercrime 电脑犯罪
Offensive offend
Pornography 色情Violence 暴力
Questionable contents 问题内容
Every government’s basic obligation:
1.Ensure national security stabilize the society enhance social welfare system
perfect the public facilities promote the development of education and economy
2.be able to pool and dominate various resources
3 give top priority to the investment in education, technology and basic human needs
4 invest in entertainment facilities to increase emotional wellbeing and enrich people’s cultural life.
政府类作文必备词汇
Poverty
Impoverish improve
In the West of China, where severe underdevelopment of education impoverish ed the local people, the government needs to enact favorable policies to help the local people shake off poverty.
Budget
Implement（implementation）= carry out
There is no evidence showing a direct link between
Supervise 监督= monitor monster
The food authorities 权利机构should supervise the whole process of food processing.
State-owned private
Privacy We must learn to respect others’ privacy.
Obligation obligate
Infrastructure 基础设施
Priority – prioritize give top priority to
Tax revenue 税收avenue 大街林荫大道
Enact law = make laws nullify law 废除法律
Welfare system
To meet basic human needs
Public service advertisements公益广告
Some affordable houses
Health care service
Combat corruption 对抗腐败
The government should launch campaigns to combat corruption, which undermines severely the development of our country.
Financial aid 金融援助
The government should form some non-profit organizations to help with those who are struggling on the bottom of our society.
NGO (Nongovernmental Organization)
Bridge the gap between the rich and poor 缩小贫富差距
Create more job opportunities
Improve the quality of service
Ensure social equality
Some people said the government should not spend money on building of theaters and sports stadiums. Instead, it should spend more money on medical care and education. Do you agree or disagree?
3
Gentle / tender / soft manner
Less aggressive in nature more patient and understanding better communication skills
not physically strong psychology --- psychological technology 技术
role in raising children take care of the family do housework
Some people believe that we need more female leaders to create world peace and reduce violence. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Refuse
妇女类作文必背词汇
Gender
Sex discrimination racial discrimination
Forbidding women to take up the jobs that most men do will let people believe/indicates that sex discrimination is still a fact in today’s society.
Forbid forbad forbidden
Sex harassment
Sex harassment s that happen in offices now and then remind us that women’s rights and dignity尊严are far from being fully respected.
Patient
Aggressive
Being less aggressive and not physically strong does not mean that women are not able to take up some of jobs that men do.
Housewife
Gossip
Some people hold a bias towards women saying that they are no good except being good with gossip. However, in my mind, nothing seems further from truth than this point of view.
Far further
Pregnant pregnancy
Women experiencing pregnancy should be given more attention in terms of their diet and health situation.
Child bearing bear bore born
Child rearing
Nowadays, child bearing and rearing is not the only burden laid on women. They also have to devote more energy and time to combat work pressure and competition.
4工作和家庭类思考方向
1.Keen/fierce competition makes employees work overtime
2.People today have to spend more time learning new technology and updating
knowledge and skills
3.Spend more time processing all types of information in this information age
cpu = central processor unit
4.The quality of family time reduces
常见考题
Many people are busy with work and do not have enough time to spend with family and friends. Why does this happen? What are the effects of this on family life and society as a whole?
Workaholic alcoholic
Career path 职业前景
In this globalization age, an international educational background will make one’s career path smoother.
Lifestyle
Stress
Colleague
Intense/ fierce/ keen competition
Fatigue 劳累
It is common nowadays that in workplaces the stress
among colleagues makes modern people fatigue.
Workplace
Job-hopping 跳槽
With market economy as a background, job hopping is an inevitable phenomenon. That’s to say people today are constantly changing their jobs to pursue higher
salaries.
Job hunter (applicant)
Labor force
Employment rate
indispensible inevitable
It is common sense that employment the development of economy.
Laid-off
goes on, tens of thousands of workers in state-owned enterprises are laid off.
Out of employment
Advantages
1.More job opportunities
With the development of economy and urbanization, more job opportunities will be created. Urban rural
2.higher income better living conditions and infrastructures 基础设施
The competition and pressure behind higher income and better living conditions seem to be stealing away people’s sense of happiness in modern society. That’s why people today cannot feel the happiness brought by colorful and rich material life.
Disadvantages：
1.At the cost of environment
It is undeniable that a great development in terms of science and technology has been achieved in today’s society. However, we cannot deny the fact that we have gained the fast development at the cost of environment.
Widen the gap between the poor and the rich
必备词汇
Rural areas urban areas
Urbanization urbanize
Metropolis大都市的
Population density
In some urban areas, the population density has reached such a level that our environment is in danger of a further deterioration.
Traffic congestion
Have access to
A reasonable national system must ensure that every citizen has an easy access to medical care and education.
Everyone in our school has access to the internet.
Widen /bridge the gap between rural and urban areas
Natural
National Day
1老年人分类作文思考方向
1 Rich experience in both work and life
2 They are good coaches, doctors, babysitters, good consultants
3 Do some volunteer social work
4 Medical care and pension pose a heavy financial burden for government
5 Old age boom and low birth rate will lead to the shortage of labor economy hole
老年类作文必备词汇
Silver tsunami银发危机
Because of the old age boom, China is facing a series of social problems, one of which is the heavy financial burden of medical care and pension.
Twilight life
become our society’s major concern.
How to pass the examination has become my major concern.
Aging
The elderly = Senior citizens senior --- junior
Demographics 人口结构reveal that our country is currently experiencing an old age boom.
Retirement
Expert 专家
In many countries, the proportion of older people is steadily increasing. Does this trend have more positive or negative effects on society?
2儿童类写作思考方向
Curiosity imitate quick to learn Lack of self-control
unable to distinguish right from wrong 不能明辨是非
Vulnerable to negative influences voluntary
Critical time of physical and psychological development
Do you think that parents should be punished if their five-year-old child commits a crime? From what age children should be held responsible for their own behavior?
必背词汇
Impressionable 易受影响的
Vulnerable 易受攻击的易受伤的
Due to the features of curiosity, ability of imitating and being quick to learn, children are very vulnerable to negative contents on the internet.
Naughty 调皮
Di s cipline 纪律
Outdoor activities
Outdoor activities can not only improve the function of our lungs, coordination of our mind and limbs, but also provide us a chance to get closer to the nature.
Being exposed to the radiation of computers and other office equipments, many office workers are in danger of being damaged physically.
Couch potato church couch
Grow up
Playing too much computer games will lead children to being reluctant to do outdoor activities.
六媒体思考方向
Functions
1.all kinds of information, ranging from current affairs 时事to
entertainment news
(ranging from … to …)
monitor /oversee /supervise and push the government to deal with them
Problems：
1.Over-report negative stories to hook viewers and maximize profits.
Maximize minimize
Maximum minimum
A minimum of
2.Mislead the public’s view and mood with distorted 歪曲的and false 虚假
information
常考真题：
Today, there are more images of disasters and violence in the media. What are the causes and what are your solutions?
Disaster disease
Imagine image
Press 新闻界新闻报道
Press conference 新闻发布会
Fair 公平的
Hook 使上钩
Supervise = monitor
Exaggerate 夸大
Many reports exaggerate and distort facts to hook the attention of viewers thereby maximizing their profits.
Coverage = report 报道
Cater for audiences 迎合观众
Some media even make up details and distort facts to gain more attention thereby increasing their popularity.
Veil n 面纱vt 掩盖
--- unveil 揭露
Mislead 误导
Public opinion = public view 公众舆论
1--Provide useful information of products
2--a form of entertainment
3--Bridge the gap between consumers and manufacturers
4--Evoke impulse buying, 唤起冲动购买boost 增加sales and promote economic development
Problem:
一Add to the cost of the products
The product’s extra cost caused from advertisements will definitely be transferred to the consumers.
二unjust-- Only claim the product’s advantages
三Unwelcome information
常见真题：
The high sales of popular consumer goods reflect the power of advertising but not the real need of the society where such products are sold. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
广告类必备生词
Commercial 商业的电视广告
People often get annoyed (懊恼) by the
Advertiser
In order to gain more benefits, some advertisers just help exaggerating about the products without doing any investigation about the quality of products.
Marketing tool
As a marketing tool, while providing useful information about the consumer goods, advertisements also bring consumers some exaggerated even false information. Shopaholic workaholic alcoholic
Stimulate consumption
Public service advertising
Promotion 促销
Target audience
Induce 劝诱促使
Purchase decision
What prompts 促动consumers’purchase decision is not totally the need for the products. Instead, advertisements are sometimes what make them spend their money.
That is what makes me angry. That is what I want to say.
Causes:
Poor education unfortunate family
Poverty character flaw
Solutions:
1 education
2 harmonious society
3 job training
4 employment
5 enhance welfare system
6 severe punishment
必备生词
Criminal 罪犯= law offender
criminal law 刑法
Innocent 无辜的
Jail = prison
Juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪
When we talk about juvenile delinquency, we have to research on探究reasons of various kinds.
Preventive measure
As a very effective preventive measure, the installation of hidden cameras, though opposed by many people saying that it infringes people’s privacy, helps immensely to deter the carryout of criminal plans.
Take measures to deal with
Offender
Whether or not law offenders should be let outside jail and do something beneficial for our society has become a heated debate.
Punish severe punishment
Threat to public safety
Some dangerous criminals, if let outside jail, still pose a threat to public safety. Deterrent effect 震慑作用
Giving severe punishments to those law offenders will serve as a deterrent effect. Commit a crime
Law-abiding citizens 守法公民
Preventive measure 预防措施
衣：思考方向：
1 Fashion comes after when people’s basic needs are met
2 self expression reflect characters, taste and likes
Following fashion blindly is a waste of time and money
Keep up with the Joneses 攀比
Fulfill one’s peacock ery 满足人们的虚荣心
Associate clothing with social status
必备词汇
Popularity 流行普及
Option optional
A big variety of clothing provides people today many options to express themselves by dressing them up.
Fashion show = dress parade
Self-esteem 自尊
reveal their Associate A with B
Fad = vogue 时尚
Gorgeous 极好的华美的
Celebrity 名人
Confident
Saying that laying too much emphasis on clothes reflects to some extent peacockery does not mean that we can dress up casually when attending some social activities. On the contrary, we have to admit that a decent way of dressing often brings people confidence especially when they present themselves in some social events.
We have to lay enough emphasis on the development of education in the west part of China.
Peacockery 虚荣
食(快餐)思考方向
Fast food is consistent with fast-paced modern lifestyle
Standardized 标准化的
Strict quality control
Strict quality control and clean environment are the main factors that make fast food poplar.
Pose a threat to （成为…的威胁）traditional food culture
4 less nutrient high calories junk food
常见考题
In many countries, traditional foods are being replaced by international fast foods. This is having a negative effect on both families and societies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
必备生词
Diversity 多样性
The fast-paced lifestyle and the introduction of fast foods are damaging the diversity of traditional foods to some extent. Industry 工业产业
Unhealthy
High-fat
Protein 蛋白质vitamin cholesterol Metabolism photosynthesis glucose Obesity
Eating too much junk food and lack of exercise will lead to obesity.
Nutritious 有营养的
Recipe 食谱
Calorie 卡路里
Franchise
Home cooking means that not only is sanitary guaranteed but also the taste of food can be to one’s taste.
Ensure = guarantee 保证
住思考方向
Traditional architecture
Esthetic value
Some of the old buildings are of esthetic value and they should be effectively protected. Effect ---- effective
Cultural heritage inherit
Some traditional architecture is listed as cultural heritage that we cannot afford to lose.
Modern architecture
1 Raise the utilization rate of land utilize
2 Meet the demand of population growth rate
3 to withstand 承受natural disasters
和…相吻合相一致the urbanization trend
consist of = comprise
It combines modern technologies
Lift air conditioning
more comfortable
必备生词：
Architecture
Esthetics
User-friendly eco-friendly environment-friendly
Comfortable
Skyscraper
Apartment 公寓flat
Urbanization
Concrete jungle
Traditional Chinese garden
行思考方向
1.Broaden one’s horizons and enrich one’s experience and knowledge
Broaden
2.Boost local economy hotels restaurants air industry
负面：
1.Place a heavy burden on local environment
2.Over-dependent on tourist industry
3.Unbalanced economic development
Tourism
Promoting local tourism can boost the development of local economy. This is a fact, however, the negative effects, such as a damaged ecosystem and over-pressure on local transportation can never be ignored.
必备词汇
Airline Ecosystem Attract Experience Disturb
Some people say that the disturbance to local residents caused by tourism can trigger 引发the conflict s between local residents and the outside visitors.
Burden
Natural scenery Historic resort
十艺术和娱乐思考方向
1.Arts vary in different societies while science can be applied to the
whole world （vary ---various ---variety）
2.Arts satisfy people’s spiritual and emotional needs and enrich cultural life;
science enriches material wealth
3.Arts are subjective while science is objective
必备生词
Unique eunuch
Representative responsibility
Poetry poet poem
Painting Sculpture Spiritual Pursuit pursue
Local opera Beijing opera Cross-talk 相声
十一语言类思考方向
Language is a carrier of culture.
A particular language was born from a particular culture.
Understand the speaker’s cultural background
Learn rules of grammar and memorize vocabulary
In order to learn a language well, we should learn about the country as well as the
cultures and lifestyles of the people who speak it. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
必备词汇
Vocabulary
Language is the vehicle of culture and contains rich cultural connotation 内涵言外之意.
Culture in turn 转而has furthered the advance of language which is both the carrier and the mirror of culture.
Dialect / slang俚语/ accent 口音far further(farther)
further vt 促进增长
Idiom
Some idioms, proverbs and sayings are the essence of a language, because they usually represent a people’s wisdom of thousands of years.
Memorize
Derive from
The word derives from French.
He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father.
A scholar derives knowledge from reading.
Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek.
英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。
If one wants to express himself well in a second language, he must understand the culture behind the language.
Repeat repetition
Learn by repetition
= repetitive learning
Learn by rote 死记硬背
Learning by rote, though effective in memorizing facts, is far from being an efficient way to foster creation.
Master a foreign language
十二多元文化思考方向
1.The appearance of multi-culture, as a product of globalization and urbanization,
is an inevitable and irreversible trend.
2.Enhance communication, appreciation and respect among different cultures
负面：
3.Immigrants’ language
Due to the inefficiency of second language communication, the new immigrants are prevented from fitting into the local culture and lifestyle.
4.cultural shock
Cultural shocks are mostly caused by a lack of adequate understanding of local cultures, which often results in disturbed feelings between people.
5. discrimination religious conflict 宗教冲突
6. public order issue
必备词汇
Inevitable
Multicultural
Interdependent 互相依赖的
The facts in history have proved that different cultures are able to coexist and interdependent on each other.
Global village
Ethnic 人种的
Custom
Religion religious
Discrimination
Culture shock
Assimilate
Not being successfully assimilated into the local cultures, some immigrants find their career path not smooth.
Melting pot 熔炉
意识形态和价值观思考方向
Happiness is a subjective feeling.
People at different life stages with various likes from diverse social backgrounds surely do not have the same definition for happiness
My definition of happiness is…
必备生词：
Abstract 抽象的
Mindset 思维模式
Ideology 思想意识
Virtue 美德
Outdated values 过时的价值观
Life goal
Attitude
Reality
Pros outweigh cons
While many people associating happiness with material success, others believe that it lies in loving personal relationship.
附录二十大话题 教育类（education） https://www.doczj.com/doc/671047050.html,pulsory education 义务教育 2. vocational education 职业教育 3. academic performance 学业表现 4. non-academic affairs 与学习无关的事情 5. puppy/ calf love 早恋 6. corporal punishment 体罚 7. tuition fee 学费 8. parents’ supervision 父母的监督 9. individual tutorship 个人辅导 10. turning point 转折点 11. the pursuit of knowledge 对知识的追求 12. maintain / disrupt classroom order 维护、扰乱课堂秩序 13. coeducational /single sex establishment 男女共校、单一性别学校 14. generation gap 代沟 15. indulge in 沉迷（表示“溺爱” 后面直接加宾语） 16. play truant 逃学 17. school shootings 校园枪击 18. broaden one’s horizons 开阔视野 19. the hardship and bitterness of life 生活的艰辛和苦难 20. appropriate advice and guidance 恰当的建议和指导 21. cultivate independence 培养独立性 22. a good habit of frugality 节约的好习惯 23. distinguish right from wrong 明辨是非 24. shoulder the responsibility of 肩负…… 的责任 25. be prone to do 容易做某事 26. go astray 误入歧途 27. violate social conventions and laws 违反社会习俗和法律 28. cast a shadow on one’s heart 在心中留下阴影 29. resist the temptation of 抵制……的诱惑 30. interpersonal skills 人际交往的技巧 31. peer pressure 同辈的压力 32. formative years 性格形成期 33. physically and emotionally immature 身心不成熟 34. a sense of superiority 优越感 35.socially adaptable 能适应社会的 36. adjust teaching methods 调整教学方法 37. exert a negative impact on 产生消极影响 38. juvenile crime=juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪juvenile delinquent 青少年犯罪者 39. a sense of belonging 归属感 40. qualified and experienced teachers 称职、有经验的老师 41. first class teaching facilities 一流的教学设施 42. education reform 教育改革 科技类（science and technology） 1.artificial intelligence 人工智能（artificial 人工的、人造的、非天然的） 2.side effects 副作用 3.technological revolution 科技革命
Selected Advanced Vocabulary for IELTS Writing 一、教育类 1.adapt oneself to the development of使自己适应…的发展 2.scope of knowledge知识面 3.narrow the gap between缩小了…的鸿沟 4.lighten the burden of减轻了…的负担 https://www.doczj.com/doc/671047050.html,prehensive knowledge广博的知识 6.long-distance education远程教育 7.enrich the teaching method丰富教育手段 8. teaching methodology教学方法 9. schooling学校教育 10. upbringing、parenting、upbringing家庭教育 11. instill high moral values(注意：value用作复数表示价值观)灌输高尚的道德观 12.impart\inculcate knowledge传授知识 13.multi-media teaching多媒体教学 14.solid professional working experience扎实的职业工作经验 15.vocational education职业教育 16.down-to-earth, practical切合实际的 17.stress-related illness与压力有关的疾病 18.enjoy equal rights享有平等权利 19.receive education接受教育 20.thought-provoking引人深思的 21.enlightening予以人启迪的 22.far-reaching深远的 23.never-ending永不停息的 24.perplexing令人困惑的 25.overwhelming压倒一切的 26.the cultural diversity文化的多元性 27.insightful富有洞察力的, 有深刻见解的 28.exchange experience交流经验 29.undertake the due obligations承担责任 34.face possible pressure and competition迎接可能的压力和竞争 35.Be easily taken in by容易受到某人或某事的欺骗 36.exam-oriented education应试教育 37.knowledge-intensive知识密集型的； labor-intensive劳动密集型的 https://www.doczj.com/doc/671047050.html,cation for all-round development全面发展教育 39.have quick and easy access to something更快地接触到…东西 40.develop our creative mind培养我们创造性思维 41.fake diploma假文凭 42.embracing the knowledge economy age拥抱知识经济时代 43.renew knowledge革新知识
雅思写作话题分类词汇 教育与学业 考试频率：★★★★★ Education and study 教育与学业 1、Teaching methods 教学方法 7、Generation gap 代沟 2、Educational facilities 教育设施8、Adolescents’/Teenagers’problems 青少年问题 3、Academic subjects 学校科目9、Studying abroad 留学话题 4、Computer and learning(teaching) 电脑与学习（教学）10、Taking a part-time job 兼职工作 5、Personal development 个人发展11、Parents’/Teachers’responsibilities 父母/教师责任 6、Physical and mental growth 身心成长12、Functions/tuition of university 大学功能/学费 真题重现 In schools and universities, some girls tend to choose arts subjects, while boys choose to study science subjects. What are the reasons? Do you think this trend should be changed? Some people think that the main purpose of school is to turn children as a good citizens and workers, rather to benefit them as individuals. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 分类词汇加油站 1. scope of knowledge 知识面 2.lighten the burden of 减轻了…的负担 https://www.doczj.com/doc/671047050.html,prehensive knowledge 广博的知识 4.long-distance education 远程教育 5.enrich the teaching method 丰富教育手段 6.teaching\pedagogical methodology 教学方法 7.schooling 学校教育parenting、upbringing 家庭教育8.impart\inculcate knowledge 传授知识 9.multi-media teaching 多媒体教学10.vocational education 职业教育11.down-to-earth, practical 切合实际的12.enlightening 予以人启迪的13.perplexing 令人困惑的 14.the cultural diversity 文化的多元性15.insightful 富有洞察力的,有深刻见解的16.undertake the due obligations 承担责任17.exam-oriented education 应试教育 18.develop our creative mind 培养我们创造性思维19.widen one’s knowledge 拓展知识面20.realize the value of life 实现生命价值
附录：雅思写作必备词汇 一.同经济有关的词汇 extravagant 浪费的，奢侈的throw money into thin air 浪费钱 squander v. 浪费：If we squander our fossil fuels, we threaten civilization. lavish v. 浪费：lavish time and money on pets We have to economize on water during the dry season. dear，luxurious 豪华的，money-consuming 浪费钱的，precious，valuable destitute 贫穷的impoverished 贫穷的（名词形式为impoverishment）poverty-stricken 贫穷的poor needy 贫穷的，缺乏生活必需品的: They collected money to help the needy children. poverty line 贫穷线，贫困线 a lucrative investment profitable 赚钱的，盈利的wealthy be short of insufficient 不足的，不够的：The food is insufficient for our needs. lack n&vt缺乏，be lacking in：She is lacking in responsibility. run out of 用完scarcity n.缺乏，不足：The scarcity of food was caused by the drought. There is a shortage of oil in this country. asset n.资产 a tight budget 资金/预算紧张financial aid 经济资助financial/economic burden经济负担financial strain 资金紧张government revenue 政府税收foreign currency 外汇taxpayer 纳税人 有限的公共资金income 收入hard-earned money 辛苦挣来的钱 consumer goods 消费品consumption n. 消费(consume v.) expenditure n.花费，支出 beggar pauper=beggar homeless 无家可归的laid-off workers 下岗工人jobless 失业的；失业者 charity 慈善（形容词为charitable）healthcare 医疗保健starvation=hunger 饥饿famine 饥荒disease illiteracy 文盲（形容词为illiterate）welfare 福利shelter 庇护所nursing home/house 养老院miserable 痛苦的，悲惨的well-being福利subsidize=finance 资助，补助 二．同时间有关的词汇 squeeze time 挤时间wile away the time 消磨时间kill time 浪费时间 a waste of time and resource precious time-consuming 消耗时间的
1. important =crucial (extremelyimportant),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) 2. common=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere) 3. abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants) 4. stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly) 5. neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.) 6. near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent) 7. pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL) 8. accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail) 9. vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people) 10. top=peak, summit
在雅思写作的四大评分标准当中，连贯性与衔接性是其中的一项评分标准，连贯性与衔接性其中一方面就是用连接手段（即连接词）来实现的。连接词本身是非常繁琐的知识，在教授连接词时也会遇到很多困难，那么学连接词首先把连接词词性掌握并掌握各词性的用法，学连接词就简便得多。朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为，连接词大体可分为四种词性：连词，副词，介词和短语，它们各自的用法又不一样。 连词 如but, and,后接句子，连接并列句时前面逗号可有可无。当然连词也可放句首，这一点在考官范文里有很多体现。 例：In the past, populations were partly regulated by frequent war and widespread disease, but in recent years the effects of those factors have been diminished. (并列句中的连词) 段落开始：But how should it be achieved ( 连词放句首) 介词 如before, despite：后接名词或动名词 例：Before talking about the essential role of death penalty, you have to think about the meaning, and the purpose, of any kind of punishment. 副词 副词连接并列句，前面用句号或分号，后面用逗号（当然，如果副词前用句号，那就是另起一句了，不称之为并列句） 例：In many places today, children start primary school at around the age of six or seven. However, because it is more likely now that both parents work, there is little opportunities for children to stay in their own home up to that age.( 副词另起一句) The crime rate is increasingly high; therefore, the government needs to enforce more laws to curb this situation. ( 副词在并列句中) 短语 如on the contrary, in addition：用法和副词用法完全一样 例：They feel this is one area of life where they have the right to make decisions for themselves. For that reason, it would seem that the best approach would be work by persuasion rather than compulsion. The government plays a crucial role in scientific research; on the other hand, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research. ( 短语在并列句中) 掌握连接词的四大词性及用法以后，连接词的教学和运用就容易展开。我们可以参看考官范文，看看各类关系的时候考官如何使用连接词，使文章凸显出来。 因果关系 根据词性及用法可归结于: because / since/ as / for, so (连词), because of/ due to / owing to/ as a result of (介词) for that reason/as a result/ therefore/ accordingly (短语和副词) 例：I think the amount of waste produced is also as a result of our tendency to use sth once and throw it away. （可代替词汇because of/ due to / owing to）
雅思写作高频词汇分类汇总 1.advanced science 尖端科学 2.scientific invention 科学发明 3.exert a far-reaching impact on…对…产生一种深远的影响 4.double-edged sword 双刃剑 5.earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变 6.pay the way for the future development 为未来的发展铺平道路 https://www.doczj.com/doc/671047050.html,y a solid foundation for…为…打下良好的基础 8.energy crisis 能源危机 9.depletion of resources 能源消耗 https://www.doczj.com/doc/671047050.html,estone 里程碑 11.sophisticated equipment 尖端设备 12.technical innovation 科技创新 13.expediency 权宜之计 14.antithetical 与…背道而驰的 15.over-commercialized 过渡商业化的 16.a heated discussion 热烈的讨论 17.exhaust gas 废气 18.disastrous 灾难性的 19.overshadow 使…相形见绌 https://www.doczj.com/doc/671047050.html,pared to/with…与…相比 https://www.doczj.com/doc/671047050.html,her in 引领 22.speedy and comfortable 既快捷又舒适 23.opposite forces 负面影响 24.a fatal breakdown 致命故障 25.potential hazards 潜在危险 26.pose a threat to…对…有一种威胁 27.promote relative industries 促进相关产业发展 28.accelerate 加速… 29.means of transportation 交通方式 30.transportation tools 交通工具 31.social status 社会地位 32.environmentally-friendly resources 环保的能源 33.make people’s life easier 使人们生活更方便 34.alternative fuel 可替代燃料 35.sustainable development 可持续性发展 36.scientific exploration 科学探索 37.air travel 航空旅行 38.ridiculous 可笑的 39.absurd 荒唐的 40.substitute 取代
1 家长给小孩的教育parenting n. 2 学校对学生的教育schooling n. 3 培养cultivate vt. 4 意识awareness = sense = recognition n. 5 有创造力的creative / original adj. 6 身体的physical adj. 7 心理的psychological adj. 8 同龄人peer n. 9 动力motivation n. （形容词motivated, 有动力的） 10 适应... adapt to 提供…. afford sth. v. 11 纪律discipline n. 12 记忆memorise(英式拼写) vt. 13 获得acquire vt. （后面经常加knowledge / skills） 14 有趣的stimulating adj. （在教育类作文中经常可以替代 interesting） Media 15 形容词“无处不在的”prevalent adj. 经常可以代替everywhere 16 客观的objective adj. 17 不客观的biased adj. 18 名人celebrity n. 19 记者journalists n. 20 新闻界the press 21 报道coverage n. （动词是cover） 22 有误导性的misleading adj. 23 可靠的dependable adj. 24 非常及时的up-to-the-minute adj. sway vt. 25 媒体影响公众经常用sway后 面加宾语的表达 26 信息量大的informative adj. 27 娱乐性强的entertaining adj. Technology 28 改变transform vt. 代替change 29 突破breakthrough n. 30 发展advance v. & n. 31 惊人的速度 a staggering rate 32 信息爆炸information overload 33 提高，增强enhance = boost vt. 34 创新，发明innovations n. 35 远程通讯telecommunications n. 36 高生产率的（它的名词 productive adj. productivity生产率在科技类 话题也很常用）
雅思写作中关于科技的高级词汇 下面是我搜集的关于科技的雅思写作词汇，非常实用： 1.advanced science 尖端科学 2.scientific invention 科学发明 3.exert a far-reaching impact on…对…产生一种深远的影响 4.double-edged sword 双刃剑 5.earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变 6.pay the way for the future development 为未来的发展铺平道路 https://www.doczj.com/doc/671047050.html,y a solid foundation for…为…打下良好的基础 8.energy crisis 能源危机 9.depletion of resources 能源消耗 https://www.doczj.com/doc/671047050.html,estone 里程碑 11.sophisticated equipment 尖端设备 12.technical innovation 科技创新 13.expediency 权宜之计 14.antithetical 与…背道而驰的 15.over-commercialized 过渡商业化的 16.a heated discussion 热烈的讨论 17.exhaust gas 废气 18.disastrous 灾难性的 19.overshadow 使…相形见绌 https://www.doczj.com/doc/671047050.html,pared to/with…与…相比 https://www.doczj.com/doc/671047050.html,her in 引领 22.speedy and comfortable 既快捷又舒适 23.opposite forces 负面影响 24.a fatal breakdown 致命故障 25.potential hazards 潜在危险 26.pose a threat to…对…有一种威胁 27.promote relative industries 促进相关产业发展 28.accelerate 加速… 29.means of transportation 交通方式 30.transportation tools 交通工具 31.social status 社会地位 32.environmentally-friendly resources 环保的能源 33.make people’s life easier 使人们生活更方便 34.alternative fuel 可替代燃料 35.sustainable development 可持续性发展 36.scientific exploration 科学探索 37.air travel 航空旅行 38.ridiculous 可笑的 39.absurd 荒唐的 40.substitute 取代
雅思写作中常用英文连接单词的替换词 一、And 并列关系 (and)in addition // and // similarly // likewise moreover // too // not only ... but // even // besides this／that 二、Sequence 顺序(then) 出现的时候表示列举 first // initially // second etc. // to begin with // then // next // earlier／later // following this／that // afterwards 三、Consequence 结果（so） 前面是后面的结果// 也就是这些词后面就开始给出结论了 as a result // thus // so // therefore // consequently // it follows that // thereby // eventually // in that case // admittedly 四、Contrast 转折(but ) 表对前面论述的转折// 一般后面才是作者观点 however // on the other hand // despite// in spite of // though // although // but // on the contrary // otherwise // yet // instead of // rather // whereas // nonetheless // in contrast 五、Certainty 确定(of course) 强烈的确定// 后面是作者的坚定论点 obviously // certainly // plainly // of course // undoubtedly 六、Condition 条件/ 因为(if ) 后面跟随着某种情况发生的前提或者是条件。 if // unless // whether // provided that // Given that // for // so that // whether // depending on 七、Time 时间(when ) before // since // as // until // meanwhile// at the moment // when // whenever // as soon as // just as 八、Summary 总结(in a word) 作者的最后总结 in conclusion // in summary // lastly // finally // to sum up // to conclude // to recapitulate 重述// in short // in a word 九、Example 举例(for example) for example // for instance// just as // in particular // such as // namely 也就是 十、Reason 原因( because) since // as // so // because (of) // due to // owing to // the reason why // in other words // leads to // cause 雅思写作部分高频词汇、短语替换 ★高频形容词： 1.贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 2.富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off
雅思小作文必备词汇 图表chart = graph = diagram 直线line 曲线curve 柱bar /column 饼pie 表table = figures = statistics the thin（细线） / thick（粗线） / broken（虚线） / dotted（点线） line 表明，表示，阐明show , give information about，reveal，indicate，demonstrate 直线图类词汇 (上升类动词)Increase------------ decrease (下降类动词) go up-------------- go down rise up-------------- fall down climb-----------------slide ascend --------------decline keep an upward tendency ----keep a downward tendency 波动动词类：fluctuate fluctuate upward / downward（波动向上/向下） 保持平稳类动词： keep / remain / maintain / stay unchanged / constant / stable（形容词，不变的） 修饰动词的副词： slightly 轻微地，slowly 缓慢地，gradually 逐渐地，steadily 稳定地，rapidly 迅速地，significantly 明显地，sharply 明显地，dramatically急剧地， 修饰名词的形容词： slight, slow, gradual, steady, rapid, moderate, significant, sharp, dramatic 大约，大概，左右类词汇：almost / approximately / around / roughly / more or less / nearly 时间from … to …/during the period/ between … and … / starting from ….
雅思写作必备词汇之社会类 1. benefit from从中受益 2. put forward valuable suggestions提出宝贵建议 3. play a major role in easing traffic 在缓解交通压力上扮演了重要角色 4. participate in the reconstructionof the city参与城市重建 5. raise the environmental management level提高环境管理水平 6. create a pleasant ecological environment创造出一种和谐的生态环境 7. give priority to优先关注 8. catch much attention引起很大关注 9. resource allocation资源配置 10. perfect the construction of urban infrastructure完善城市基础设施建设 11. reduce the number of vehicles减少车辆 12. water scarcity水短缺 13. the environmentalpollution环境污染 14. over-industrialization过度工业化 15. over-crowdedness过度拥挤
16. unemployment失业 17. wealth distribution财富分配 18. social instability社会动荡 19. urban construction城市建设 20. population explosion人口激增 21. a rising crime rate犯罪率上升 22. drain of energy and resources能源和资源消耗 23. offer more job opportunities提供更多的就业机会 24. a rapid pace of life快节奏生活 25. stress-related illnesses与压力有关的疾病 26. high cost of living高额生活费用 27. pastoral life田园生活 28. class polarization阶级两极分化 29. social welfare社会福利 30. give special care to …给予…特殊关照 31. urban sprawl城市扩张 32. convenient transportation means便捷的交通工具
雅思写作高分对词汇和语法的要求 雅思写作得高分，语法和词汇功不可没，如果你能合理的运用语法和词汇，并且文章对题，那么作文的分数不会低，下面文都国际教育小编为大家介绍一下雅思写作评分标准，看看高分作文对语法和词汇有什么要求。 雅思写作评分标准——词汇lexical resource 官方给出的7分评分标准： *uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision * uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation * may produce occasional errors in word choice, spelling and /or word formation 官方给出的6分评分标准： *uses an adequate range of vocabulary for the task *attempts to use less common vocabulary but with some inaccuracy *makes some errors in spelling and /or word formation, but they do not impede communication 同六分词汇标准相比，7 分多了两个要求：flexibility (灵活性) and precision (准确性)。灵活性暗示我们在作文中要设置同意替换词[1] 。比如，第一段写了developing countries, 第二段就可以用these nations, 第三段可以用poor regions 准确性指在该题目下贴切的，核心的词汇[2] 。比如政府话题写出welffare 福利一词，环保话题写出environmental-friendly 一词。 7分和6分同时要求：要有less common lexical items, 不普通的，含义较深刻的词汇。比如undermine ( v. 逐渐破坏)代替damage; 用dilemma 代替problem。用的好不好，地道不地道，是否注意到了style( 文体) 和collocation (搭配)决定了是6还是7. 所以在写作中，词汇在准确使用的基础上，我们一定要注意设置同意替换词。在练习时我们就要不断积累同意替换词，在经常使用的单词上多想想，还可以替换什么样的词和表达方式。 雅思写作评分标准——语法grammar range and accuracy
雅思写作常用同义词替换100个 1. people=individuals 人们 (Those who) 2. many people=a majority of people = most of people大多数人 3. a lot of=a great deal of=plenty of 很多（修饰不可数名词） 4. a great number of=a large amount/quantity of=considerable amount o f= a large variety of很多（可数名词） 5. plentiful=abundant 丰富的，大量的 6. expensive=pricy 贵的 7. thing=item=goods 东西，物品 8. humans=human beings=human race=mankind 人类 9. benefit=conduce to=help=contribute to=aid to 有助于（动词） 10. harm=damage=endanger=undermine 危害（动词） 11. beneficial=helpful=conducive(rewarding)=do good to/be good for 有好处的（形容词） 12. harmful=detrimental=damaging有害的（形容词）
13. education=schooling 教育 14. think=believe=hold=maintain=consider=take for=agree认为 15. oppose=object to=be against=disagree 反对 16. support=be in favor of=be for 支持 17. as for me=as far as I am concerned=in the eyes of 对我来说 18. in my opinion=from my perspective=in my viewpoint=in my point of view=personally 我的观点是 19. as …develop(s)=with the development of...=with the progress of…=as…advances随着…的发展（注意什么时候用动词，什么时候用名词） 20. quickly=rapidly=at an amazing rate=at an staggering rate 很快（副词） 21. in addition=besides=furthermore=moreover=apart from=in spite of= Despite=what’s more 此外（提出新信息） 22. because=as=for=since 因为（加句子） 23. because of=due to=owing to=thanks to =attribute to 因为（加名词）
雅思写作高频词汇分类汇总雅思写作高频词汇分类汇总：媒体类 媒体类一： 1. paparazzi 狗仔队 2. mass media 大众媒体 3. entertainment 娱乐 4. journalism 新闻业 5. journal 期刊 6. the latest news 最新消息 7. exclusive news 独家新闻 8. news agency 新闻社 9. news blockout 新闻封锁 10. news censorship 新闻审查 11. freedom of the press 新闻自由 12. coverage 新闻报道 13. do reportage on …报导… 14. hit the headlines 上头条 15. issue 出版、发行 16. newsstand 报摊 17. free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人 18. chief editor 总编 19. editorial 社论 20. newsworthy 值得报道的 21. barometer 晴雨表 22. the barometer of public opinion 舆论的晴雨表 23. live broadcast 直播 24. quiz show 智力竞争节目 25. game show 游戏节目 26. variety show 综合节目 27. talk show 脱口秀 28. sitcom 情景喜剧 29. soap opera 肥皂剧 30. movie star 电影明星 31. movie king 影帝 32. movie queen 影后 33. affair 绯闻 34. celebrity 名人 35. fame 名声 36. rise to fame 声名鹊起 37. fan 粉丝 38. invade one's privacy 侵扰了…的隐私 39. misleading 误导性的 40. cheating 欺骗性的 41. popularity 知名度 42. scandal 丑闻 43. sensational 轰动的 44. prevalent 普遍的、流行的 45. imperative 重要的、必要的 46. audience ratings 收视率 47. propaganda 宣传 48. be abducted by 受…诱导 49. purify one's soul 净化心灵 50. live in virtual would 生活在一个虚拟世界中 51. be a great comfort to somebody 对…来说是一个巨 大安慰 52. meet different tastes 满足不同口味 53. provide somebody with something 给…提供… 54. follow the fashion blindly 盲目追逐时尚 55. commit crimes 犯罪 56. be inconceivable to somebody 对…来说是难以想 象的 57. impressive 给人印象深刻的 58. right to know 知情权 59. in the disguise of …打着…的幌子 60. endanger social stability and safety 危害社会稳定 和安全 媒体类二（影视类） 1. information era 信息时代 2. keep one informed about something 使人们了解… 3. audience/viewers 观众 4. have unhealthy and harmful effects on…对…有不良 影响 5. information-explosion society 信息爆炸的社会 6. influential 有影响的 7. revolutionize the way we acquire information 彻底 改变了我们获取信息的方式 8. blessing 福 9. curse 祸 10. various thrilling programs 各种各样激动人心的节 目 11. poor-quality programs 低质量节目 12. ever-accelerated 不断发展的 13. exaggerate 夸张 14. enjoyable 令人享受的 15. fashionable 时尚的 - 1 -