泄露天机-2012年高考押题精粹
（英语课标版）
（30道选择题+20道非选择题）
一、选择题部分（共30小题）
1. —Ken, ______, but your radio is going too loud．
—Oh, I'm sorry．I'll turn it down right now．
A．I hate to say it B．It doesn't hurt to ask
C．I'm really tired of it D．I'm crazy about it
2．— What do you think of the furniture on exhibition?
—Well, great! But I don’t think much of ____ you bought．
A．the one B．it C．that D．which
3 . Facts prove that the w orld’s economic development is not a win-lose game but
one in which all be winners.
A. can
B. shall
C. must
D. would
4._____ several times, but he still doesn’t know how to do it properly.
A. Being shown
B. Having shown
C. Having been shown
D. I’ve shown him
5．--- Have you made any plan for the coming Spring Festival?
----I don’t mind what to do,there's less homework from the teachers and more pocket money from my parents．
A．as long as B．as far as C．now that D．in order that
6. In order to put an end to poverty, the World Bank has switched its ______ to
providing technical assistance and long-term loans to developing countries．A．concern B．process C．struggle D．focus
7. She is quite _______ to office work. You had better offer her some suggestions when
necessary.
A. familiar
B. fresh
C. similar
D. sensitive
8．—We are afraid we can't finish the task ________ a month.
—Take your time, but next month you'll have a new one.
A．within B．by C．among D．after
9. H e said he wasn’t disappointed at the result of the final exam，but the look on his
face ______himself .
A．gave up B．gave off C. gave out D. gave away
10.The successful launch of Tiangong-1 on Sept. 29th _________ a significant step
in China’s plan to build a space station.
A．signaled B．marked
C．signed D．proved
11．We’d better take umbrellas—I’m sure it _____ when we arrive in London; it’s always wet there at this time of year.
A. will rain
B. is raining
C. will be raining
D. would rain
12. Though ______ of danger, sightseers have been flocking to the site where the
world’s biggest terrorist Bin Laden lived.
A. warned
B. warning
C. being warned
D. having warned
13.The fact ________ this country spends more on its military than on education and
health care combined is a serious and worrying thought.
A．where B．which C．that D．why
14.Faced with challenges, you should believe your courage is _________makes a
difference.
A. how
B. that
C. which
D. what
15.I can not understand why Libya will become so complicated ________ I understand
more from the medium.
A. after
B. before
C. while
D. when
16.— A second, please. I have another call coming through.
— _______ .I’m not in a hurry.
A. Enjoy yourself
B. Leave me alone
C. Do as you like
D. Take your time
17．Though you’ve got a tight schedule these days, I would be ____ if you could afford time to attend our meeting today.
A. concerned
B. fascinated
C. grateful
D. determined
18．—Next week I will go to a job interview. Will you give me some suggestions?
—Smiling is a great way to make yourself ________.
A．stand out B．turn out C．work out D．pick out
19．Wang Hao and Chu Yafei led China to ________ gold and silver finish in ________ 20-kilometer walk，the first athletic event at the Asian Games.
A. a；the
B. the；a
C. 不填；a
D. 不填；the
20．Part of the building so part of us have lessons in another building.
A. is being painted; have to
B. are being painted; have to
C. is being painted; has to
D. are being painted; has to
21.—Mr．Anderson is popular with his students, for he is kind, strict and
knowledgeable．
—No wonder he has such a good ___．
A．expectation B．contribution C．reputation D．regulation
22. The cost of renting a house in Beijing is higher than___in any other city of China.
A. one
B. it
C. that
D. this
23.I feel greatly honored
A. to invite C. to be invited D. invited
24. Breaking up is the business of the two lovers, no other person should be
Involved.
A．which B．in that C．that D．in which
25．________ it rain tomorrow，we would have to cancel the football match.
A.Were
B. Would
C. Will
D. Should
26．It was probably in that moment＿I understood what kindness really was.
A. which
B. when
C. that
D. what
27．------__ you got the news that the rocket was sent up successfully?
------From the radio.
A. How was it that
B. How it was that
C. What was it that
D. What it was that
28. — How can I get the main idea of a news article quidkly?
— Just look through the first and last paragraph, and you ___what it is mainly about．
A．see B．will see C．are seeing D．have seen
29. — I really admire the people full of ___ ．I'm always tired．
—You’d better take more exercise．
A．power B．strength C．force D．energy
30. —Hello. Can I speak to Mr. Brown?
—I'm sorry, but it is 3 weeks ___ he worked here．
A．before B．since C．after D．while
二、非选择题部分（共20题）
31.阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
This is my third story. When I was 17，I read a quote that 1 something like，“If
you live each day 2 it was your last，someday you'll most certainly be right.”Since then，for the past thirty-three years，I've looked 3 the mirror every morning and asked myself：“If today were the last day of my life，would I want to do what I am about to do today？”And whenever the answer has been“No”for too many days in a 4 ，I know I need to change something.
About a year ago I was 5 with cancer. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable，and that I should 6 to live no longer than three to six months. They advised me to go home and get my 7 in order，which is doctors' code for“prepare to 8 ”. Later that evening when the doctors 9 the cells taken from my pancreas(胰腺)under a microscope，they started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is 10 with surgery. I had the surgery and，11 ，I'm fine now.
This was the closest I've been to facing death，and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades. Death is the 12 we all share. No one has 13 escaped it. And that is 14 it should be，because death is very likely the single 15 invention of life. It's life's change agent. It clears out the old to make 16 for the new. Your time is 17 ，so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma(信条)—which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of 18 opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most importantly，have the courage to 19 your heart and intuition(直觉). They 20 already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
1. A. said B. described C. went D. expressed
2. A. unless B. as if C. even if D. as long as
3. A. in B. at C. through D. On
4. A. row B. minute C. sense D. word
5. A. connected B. infected C. affected D. diagnosed
6. A. want B. dream C. expect D. imagine
7. A. duties B. businesses C. affairs D. life
8. A. work B. start C. talk D. die
9. A. looked B. viewed C. realized D. noticed
10.A. curable B. possible C. acceptable D. suitable
11.A. carefully B. thankfully C. anxiously D. hopefully
12.A. possession B. destination C. expectation D. position
13.A. ever B. even C. never D. still
14. A. when B. while C. as D. since
15. A. better B. worst C. worse D. best
16. A. use B. a difference C. sense D. way
17. A. endless B. repeated C. countless D. limited
18. A. others' B. others C. anyone's D. some others
19. A. listen B. follow C. take D. accept
20. A. however B. whatever C. somehow D. Somewhat
32. 阅读理解
For high school leavers starting out in the working world，it is very important to learn particular skills and practice how to behave in an interview or how to find all internship(实习)．In some countries，schools have programs to help students onto the path to work．In the Unites States，however，such programs are still few and far between．
Research shows that if high schools provide career-related courses，students are
likely to get higher earnings in later years．The students are more likely to stay in school，graduate and go on to higher education．
In Germany，students as young as 13 and 14 are expected to do internships．German companies work with schools to make sure that young people get the education they need for future employment．
But in America, education reform programs focus on how well students do in exams instead of bringing them into contact with the working world．Harvard Education school professor Robert
Schwartz has criticized education reformers for trying to place all graduates directly on the four-year college track．Schwartz argued that this approach leaves the country’s most vulnerable(易受影响的)kids with no jobs and no skills．
Schwartz believed that the best career programs encourage kids to go for higher education while also teaching them valuable practical skills at high sch001．James Madison High School in New York，for example，encourages students to choose classes on career—based courses．The school then helps them gain on—the-job experience in those fields while they’re still at high school．
However，even for teens whose schools encourage them to connect with work，the job market is daunting．In the US，unemployment rates for 16-to 19-year-olds are above 20 percent for the third summer in a row．
“Th e risk is that if teenagers miss out on the Summer job experience，they become part of this generation of teens who had trouble in landing a job，”said Michael，a researcher in the US.
1．In the author’s opinion．American high school leavers__________.
A．have enough career-related courses
B．need more career advice from their schools
C．perform better in exams than German students
D．can get higher earnings in later years
2．According to Robert Schwartz，_________．
A．there is no need for kids to go for higher education in the US
B．students should get contact with the working world at high school
C．education reform should focus on students’ performance in exams
D．teenagers in the US can’t miss out on the summer job experience
3．What can be inferred from the text?
A．Unemployment rates for US teenagers remain hi曲at the moment．
B. Students with career—based courses never have problems finding a job．
C. US companies work with schools to prepare young people for future employment．D．High school leavers with no practic al skills can’t find a job absolutely
4．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Arguments about recent US education reform．
B．Tips on finding jobs for high school leavers．
C．The lack of career—based courses in US high schools．
D．Advice for American high school leavers．
5.The underlined word “daunting” in Paragraph 6 most probably means___________. A．discouraging B．interesting C．creative D．unbearable
33. 阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。
1. _____ I was quite worried about being safe when students think they are old enough
to face the complex society. After all they are still too young to realize the dangers of taking drugs. Luckily there are more organizations checking student’s safety in universities.
2. _____ All university students are eager to have more colorful life in the campus. But
surely you will have to face a crueler situation after your graduation. You can make
a reasonable timetable to make your life full. Make more friends and find more
party chances but make sure of your time.
3. _____ I know a number of people who gave up in their first year because they did not
suit themselves with the new environment. They are thus discouraged and feel that university life is just not for them. Just change your mind! After all the new
environment is equipping yourself with a more bright future.
4. _____ I share the worries with many students. Universities are competitive and the
grades are also harder to earn. To earn an A in a course, the student must work harder in the new environment to meet the expectations. Relieve yourself and keep
a peaceful mind.
5. _____ There are some students who are worried that they will be kicked out if their
bills are not paid on time. I know several students who work full time and study full time to pay off their expenses. You will value the working experience before you come into the society.
34.阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卷标号为1-5的相应位置上。
The hostess was to have a party and entertain guests at home. She busied herself so early in the morning, cleaning the house. She was so tired 1 she felt pain in her waist and on the back. Drops of sweat fell from her forehead. She did not finish cleaning the house 2 dusk.
3 (look) at the clean and tidy drawing room, she released a sigh with a smile on her face. The guests were coming! Entering the drawing room, they
4 (attract) by the fresh flowers. Surprisingly pleased, they cheered in praise, "Oh, what beautiful flowers!"
"How colorful and fragrant!""Just a look at it, and life is full of pleasure!"
Then they went on to express their thanks 5 the hostess for her 6 (delicate) arranged flowers.
With an embarrassed smile, the hostess said," I am glad you like it. Thank you for your praise. I was 7 bit surprised about it. I 8 make detailed arrangement for your honor. I was busy the whole day cleaning and mopping. As to the flowers in the vase, it is a piece of cake. I did it by just lifting my hand. Now you are 9 (aware) of my hard work and praise 10 highly for my easiest effort. It is beyond my expectation."
35.阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卷标号为1-5的相应位置上。
I have a 5-year-old son and an 18-month-old girl. Especially at Christmas time I wanted them to truly understand 1 the act of giving was all about. So I made a list of people 2 were less likely to receive gifts or love and let my 5-year-old son choose who we would give gifts to.
He chose homeless people. We purchased some large inexpensive gift bags and filled 3 with can goods ，used warm socks, new toothbrushes and candy bars. But 4 my surprise my son came in with his piggy bank and said they could have his money. We filled several plastic bags with coins 5 put all the bags in the trunk of the car. 6 was several days before we saw a man pushing 7 cart down the main street. And fortunately my son gave the bag to the man who started to cry 8 we wished him Merry Christmas. I have never forgotten the look of gratitude on his face and neither has my son. So far we have done this for three years at my son ‘s req uest.
36.第一节语音知识（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）
以A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音完全相同的选项。
1．radium
A．analyze B．astronomer C．blame D．certainty 2．defeat
A．great B．bread C.steal D．deadly 3．link
A．handle B．within C．bank D．instruct 4．challenge
A．machine B．stomach C．achievement D．technology 5．generation
A．bother B．nervous C．observe D．prefer
37.根据下列各句句意和空白之后的汉语提示词，在答题卡指定区域的横线上写出对应单词的正确形式，每空只写一词。
1. During his _________ (不在), his wife runs the company in his place.
2. Little Tony felt the box, curious to know what it _________(容纳).
3. The boy is now having his hair cut at the _________ (理发店).
4. As is clearly seen, your coat _________ (不同) from mine in colour.
5. That Ding hasn't accepted our invitation is __________ (令人失望).
6. It is known to all that ________ (俄国) is the largest in area in the world.
7. Do you mind __________ (划分) the apples into three parts for us to share?
8. It is easy to find out the _________ (大概的) idea of the passage.
9. My _________ (爱好) cover swimming and gardening.
10. _________ (面对) with difficulties, we should not turn around.
38.第二节：补全对话（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）
根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项多余项。
（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
—Where shall we take our children this weekend？
—We could take them to Water World or to Oldfield Adventure Park. 1
—Well，how far away are they？I don’t want to spend all day in the car.
— 2 But Old-field Adventure Park w ill take about two and a half hours if we’re lucky.
— 3
—Water World has a huge fun swimming pool．4
—I really don’t like zoos. I hate seeing animals in cages．
—Well，there aren’t any animals at Water World.
—If we are going there，I’m going to take a p icnic basket．I know they have got restaurants but they are always expensive. 5
—That’s a good idea. I’ll tell the children.
—OK．
39.第二节（共5
小题：每小题2分，
满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Calm Your Teen's Nerves before an Exam
Stress is a feeling of physical. mental of emotional strain of tension which disturbs
or interferes with normal physiological balance. Stress can be overwhelming for
anyone, but it can be especially difficult for a teen that has not yet developed effective coping skills. A major source of teen stress is school exams, and test anxiety is not
uncommon. So, how can parents help their teen stay calm before an exam?
Recognize when your teen is under stress.
Teens can feel an immense pressure to do well on exams. For some teens, just the idea of taking the test can bring them into a panic. 1 Emotional symptoms include: excessive aggression, mood swings, and panic attacks.
What should parents do?
—Be involved
Parents need to be involved in their teen's work. What they look for is your presence — to talk, or simply to sit with them quietly. Communicate openly with your teen. 2
—Help them get organized
Help your teen think about what he/she has to study and plan accordingly. 3 --Give them a nutritious diet
It's important for your teen to eat a healthy, balanced diet during exams to focus and do his/her best. 4 If this happens, encourage your teen to eat light meals or sandwiches. A healthy diet rather than junk food, is best for reducing stress.
—Show a positive attitude
5 If you panic, blame, have much pressure, your teen will have an undue increase in his/her stress levels. Make your teen feel accepted and valued for his/her efforts. Most importantly, reassure your teens that things will be all right, no matter what the results are.
A.Together ,you and your teen can work out a timetable so
that he/she can study more efficiently.
B. Parents' attitude will dictate their teen's emotions.
C. Physical symptoms of stress and anxiety include: lack of
sleep, breathing difficulty and loss of appetite
D. Encourage your teen to relax
E. Encourage your teen to express his/her worries and fears,
but don't let him/her focus on those fears.
F. Your teen may also make negative comments about
himself/herself
G. Exam stress can make some teens lose their appetite
40. 第一节：完成句子（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
阅读下列各小题，根据每句后的汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子，并将答案写在答题卡上的相应题号后。
1．Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours ______ a decision, （reach）
只有在讨论这个问题几个小时后他们才做出一个决定。
2．Although he has got a doctor's degree, ______ whether he is equal to the job．（remain）
尽管他获得了博士学位，但他是否胜任这个工作还有待去看。
3．It was______ this morning that made the boss so angry, （come）是因为他今天早上来晚了才使老板如此生气。
4．Alex was listening attentively to the lecture by professor Smith, all his attention ______．（fix）
亚历克斯在专心致志听史密斯教授的演讲，他所有的注意力都集中在上面。
5．The products produced by Apple, especially iphone 4, ______ in the US and have a good market internationally, （sell）
苹果公司生产的产品尤其是iphone 4在美国很畅销，在国际上有良好的市场。
6．_______ is that China is playing more and more important role in the world, （know）众所周知，中国在世界上正扮演着越来越重要的角色。
7．Had it not been for the fact ______, I wouldn't have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition, （help）
要不是我的老师帮我，我就不会再在英语作文竞赛中获一等奖。
8．The 30th Olympic Games will be held in London, from July 27 to August 12,2012, ______all athletes will compete for medals, （during）
第三十届奥运会将于2012年7月27日至8月12日在伦敦举行，在此期间所有的运动员将为奖牌而战。
9．Frank insisted that ______ although I had great difficulty in waking him up．（fall）尽管我很费力才把他弄醒，弗兰克坚持说没睡着。
10．More and more highways have been built, ______ for people to travel from one place to another, （make）
越来越多的高速公路已经建成，使得人们从一地去另一地更加容易。
41.Section B (10 marks)
Directions ：Read the following passage . Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
Toms Shoes is a shoe company run by a former reality television competitor. It uses social media far more than traditional advertising, and it takes advantage of socially recognized ideas to build a for-profit(营利的) business.
Founder Black Mycoskie, an entrepreneur(企业家) who once appeared on the show The Amazing Race got the idea to start the company during a trip to Argentina after noticing that many children didn’t have shoes. He created a company with the condition that for every pair of the shoes a person purchases, the company will donate another pair to a needy child.
Mycoskie recently visited the offices of https://www.doczj.com/doc/601014786.html,, where he told us that there was no way Toms would have survived 10 years ago. He also said he didn’t think the company would have been nearly as successful if it hadn’t hit on the idea of combining
charity with the for-profit business.
In keeping with both the company’s amazing marketing efforts and its charity focus, Toms is hoping to persuade people from all walks of life to take off their shoes this April 5. The One Day Without Shoes event comes as Toms has gotten ready to put another product on the market later this year. The company will again donate one item for each item that will be bought, but Mycoskie would yet reveal what the new product will be. With the new product, however, Mycoskie said he hoped to change the company into less of a shoe company and more of a “one for one” company.
1. What does Toms Shoes use to build its business? (No more than 5 words) (2 marks)
2. What will happen if a pair of shoes is sold by the company? (No more than 14 words)
(2 marks)
3. How many pairs of shoes at least has Toms Shoes made until now?. (No more than
8 words) (3 marks)
4. Why has the company been so successful? (No more than 10 words) (3 marks)
42.PART FOUR WRITING (45 marks)
SECTION A (10 marks)
Directions: Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using the information from the passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.
Who says people need land to grow vegetables? All you need is a roof that is strong enough and flat enough to support a garden. We are going to describe one way to build a rooftop garden that does not even require soil. Four things are needed for a small rooftop garden. One thing is a roof that can support the weight; another is grass cutting. The third thing is a sheet of plastic in which to spread the cut grass. And the last thing is a box about eight centimeters deep and made out of four pieces of wood.
Once you are sure the roof is good, cut and collect some grass. Then lay down the plastic where the garden box will go. The four-sided box can be as long and as wide as needed. Place the box on top of the sheet of plastic. Then fill it with the cut grass. Next, add water and walk on the cuttings to press them down. After about three weeks, the rooftop garden is ready for planting. Put the seeds directly into the wet grass cuttings. This garden is a good place to grow peas, tomatoes, beans, onions and lettuce. If the box is deep enough, potatoes and carrots will also grow.
It is important to keep the grass wet until the plants begin to grow. When the plants are growing, they will need watering every day, unless there is rain. And they will need some liquid fertilizer. Also, seeds and new plants must be protected from insects and birds.
Rooftop gardens are increasingly popular, and not just to grow vegetables. They keep buildings cooler in the sun, so they save energy. They can also extend the useful life of a roof. Rooftop gardens also reduce the runoff of storm water and help clean
the air. Plus they add beauty, and give birds and insects in the city a nice place to live.
43.第一节短文填词（共10题小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，根据以下要求：1）汉语提示；2）首字母提示；3）语境提示, 在每个
空格内填入一个适当的英语单词，所填单词要求意义准确.拼写正确。
Nowadays a lot of schools keep their students in school all day long.
Students have different o about it. 1.
Some of the students think they enjoy l freedom and have few 2. chances to get in touch with society. They are not able to fully (培养) 3.
their interests and （爱好）. Therefore, they have least interest in their study 4. Some others think school is the best place to get knowledge, they 5. should put their heart into their lessons. Some students (缺少) the ability to 6. control themselves. Once of school, they may lose control of themselves 7. and do something that will a their studies. 8.
P , there is no doubt that we should keep students at school. 9. But I think of necessity that schools should organize various activities 10. so that students can enjoy their school life.
44.第一节任务型读写（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下列短文，根据所读内容在短文后的表格中填入恰当的单词。注意：表格的每个空
格只填一个单词。
A “Green” Christmas spirit is upon us this year and it seems like everyone is
wondering which kind of Christmas tree serves eco-friendly the best this year.
One of the concepts that I have seen this year is whether to purchase a real
Christmas tree or an artificial tree. Which one is more “Green”? People are leaning in
the wrong direction when they assume that the artificial Christmas tree poses less of a
threat to the Earth.
The truth of the matter is, if you have to have a tree this year(because the greenest
option is no tree) the real tree is far more eco-friendly than the fake one. Why? Most of
the artificial trees are made of PVC. Beyond the fact that the creation of PVC emits
nasty gases into the atmosphere, this plastic is definitely not recyclable, which means
that you should throw away artificial trees and bury them in land-and that is something
that eco-conscious people want to steer away from.
If you want to take your sustainable Christmas tree, find a local organic Christmas tree farm. They don’t use the harmful pesticides and chemicals. You will want to start thinking and planning ahead in order to locate the best place to purchase your “Green” Christmas tree. Don’t forget to figure out what you will do with your tree after the holiday is over as well.
Here are some Earth-friendly ways to dispose of your real tree this year:
1)If you purchased the tree at an organic tree farm and you are sure that it wasn’t treated with harmful chemicals, think about dumping it into s small lake or pond. It can offer a wonderful new play land for fish.
2)Most cities gather trees on a certain day after Christmas. Be sure to call your local township and ask them if and when they do this prior to the holidays.
3)You could replant it, however you will need to make sure that you choose the right tree and have enough roots to make this option work.
Planning ahead is the key to hosting a Green Christmas this year. Map out where you will purchase your tree and where and how you will dispose of it prior to Christmas in order to achieve the most sustainable plans. You don’t have to go treeless to enjoy a Green Holiday Season…just make sure that you look into all of your options and choose the most sustainable option that is available in your area. Happy Holidays!
45.第四部分任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最适当的单词。注意：每空1个单词。
Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients to speed recovery or to cover the coming of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed by greater needs; the need to protect patients from brutal news, to uphold a promise of secrecy or to advance the public interest.
What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should doctors reject that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness? Should they at least hide the truth until after the family vacation?
Doctors face such choices often. At times, they see important reasons to lie for
the patien ts’ own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones.
Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them of risks destroys their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide.
But other studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, a great majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about serious illness, and feel cheated when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illness; help them tolerate pain better with less medicine, and even recover faster after surgery.
There is an urgent need to debate this issue openly. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception. Yet the public has every reason to know the professional deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to trust. Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, “What you do n’t know can’t hurt you.”
46.第二节：(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
A.Classroom participation
B.Differences in American university education
C.Examination system
https://www.doczj.com/doc/601014786.html,petition among students
E.Honest policy in students’ school work
F.Students’ responsibility for learning
1.
There is considerable variety in university classroom in the United States. Because of diverse teaching methods and non-standardized curricula, no two courses are the same. Undergraduate courses are considerable different from graduate courses. The classroom atmosphere in expensive, private universities may differ from that in
community colleges which are free and open to everyone.
2.
Participation in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of the student in many courses. Some professors base part of the final grade on the student’s oral participation. Although there are formal lectures during which the student has a passive role (i.e., listening and taking notes), many courses are organized around classroom discussions, student questions, and informal lectures.
3.
Many teachers believe that the responsibility for learning lies with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructor expects students to be familiar with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or give an examination. (Courses are not designed merely for students to pass exams.) The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high grades.
4.
Ideally, the teacher-student relationship at universities is characterized by trust. The honor system, put forward by the teacher and the university demands that the student be honest in all areas of school work. Thus , cheating on tests, plagiarizing (抄袭) in written work, presenting other’s ideas as original, and turning in homework completed by someone else are all prohibited.
5.
Relationships between students in the classroom can be cooperative or competitive. International students should not hesitate to ask for help if it is needed. There are courses, however, where grades are calculated in relation to other student’s scores. Therefore, in classes where such a grading curve is used, students may be reluctant to share lecture notes or information for fear that their own grades will suffer.
47.第一节阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文,并按照题目要求用英语回答问题．
[1] Rising temperatures have forced many plants to climb to higher elevations（海拔）to survive, researchers reported．
[2] More than two-thirds of the plants studied along six West European mountain ranges climbed an average of 29 meters in altitude in each decade since 1905 to better conditions on higher ground, the researchers reported in the journal Science．
[3] “This is the first time it's shown that climate change has a significant effect on
a large set of forest plant species,” said Jonathan Lenoir, a forest eco logist at Agro Paris Tech in France, who led the study．“It helps us to develop our understanding of how ecosystems respond to temperature changes．”
[4] The French team's findings suggest plants at high altitudes face the same or greater impacts from rising temperatures．“Plants species move where it's the most suitable for them to grow,” Lenoir said．“If you change these good conditions, species will move to recover the same conditions．”
[5] Using database on plant species found at specific locations and elevations stretching back to 1905, the researchers showed many plants have steadily climbed higher to conditions best suited for survival and growth．
[6] Plants move higher when they disperse （分散）their seeds in the wind, which blows them to high elevations and cooler temperatures similar to their former location, Lenoir said．
[7] The researchers tracked 171 forest plant species during two periods-between 1905 and 1985, and from1986 to 2005--along the entire elevation ranging from sea level to 2,600 meters．They found that two-thirds of the plants responded to warming temperatures over that time by________________________________．
[8] Plants at higher altitudes also appear most sensitive to warmer conditions because slight temperature changes at higher altitudes have a bigger impact．
1．What is the best title of the passage? （No more than 5 words）
_______________________________________________________________________ 2．Complete the following statement with proper words．（No more than 4 words）Plants at high altitudes are quick to feel the warmer temperature because a tiny change there can on them．
_______________________________________________________________________
3．Fill in the blank in Para．7 with proper words．（No more than 4 words）
_______________________________________________________________________
4．How do plants move to higher elevations? （No more than 8 words）
_______________________________________________________________________
5.What does the word “them” （line 2, paragraph 6）probably refer to? （No more than 2words）
_______________________________________________________________________
48.短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出改正后的词。
注意：
1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Tom,
It is great to receive your email. Now I’d like tell you something which took place in my school yesterday. In the afternoon we hold a grown－up ceremony for our coming 18 years old birthday. At first we made an oath that as grown－up we should have a sense of duty for our social from now on. Then we showed our thanks for to our parents who had gone through hardships to bring us up and teachers who have been educating us patient. And our teachers also gave us cards expressed their good wishes to us. Finally, we put on wonderful performances, singing or dancing. We learned a lot from the activity. I think its very important for us. I will never remember the day in
my life.
Yours,
Li Hua
49.短文改错（共10小题，计10分）
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每～行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：
此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。
此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写山该加的词。
此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错的不要改。）
I think it is time that we do something to help 1．_________ animals．Firstly, the fur farms should be close．2．________ Animals should not be kept in small places, and 3．________ treated cruel．They should be given the right to 4．_________
live in the wild where they are belong．Secondly, 5．_________
the general public should not sel! fur coats．If there 6．_________
is no longer a demand at the coats, factories will 7．_________ stop making it．This would save the lives of many 8．_________ animals, some of that have almost died out as a 9．_________ result of what we have done them．Please give them a chance．10．_________
50.第一节：基础写作（共1小题，满分15分）
据报道，我国许多城市的中小学生有了不同形式的新型“寒假作业”，以下是相关情况：
1. 武汉地区：给父母洗脚，让学生学会孝敬父母；
2. 长沙地区：卖报纸，让学生体验生活，学会独立；
3. 广东河源地区；学讲客家（Hakka）故事，让学生更好地传承文化。
【写作内容】
请你根据上面提供的信息写一篇英语短文，包括如下要点：
1. 各地学生假期作业的形式及其目的；
2. 你对上述假期作业的看法。
【写作要求】
只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。
【评分标准】
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。
第二节：读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）
阅读下面短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文
Immediately after a leading food expert revealed that one in every 10 meals in the country may be cooked with dirty oil, the State Food and Drug Administration on Thursday issued an emergency notice to restaurants nationwide, warning them against using recycled oil.
Food service providers will be punished if they use illegal cooking oil or oil of an unknown origin. In severe cases, their licenses could be revoked (废除), the notice said.
He Dongping, a food science professor at the Wuhan Polytechnic University, told the China Youth Daily on Thursday that people in China consume "about 2 to 3 million tons" of illegal cooking oil every year.
"And the Chinese people's annual oil consumption is about 22.5 million tons, which means a ratio of 1:10," he told the newspaper.
According to He's research; the illegal cooking oil business is extremely profitable.
The drainage oil (地沟油) is usually made from discarded kitchen waste that has been refined, the report said, adding that the oil, which contains a highly toxic (有毒的) substance, can cause cancer.
【写作内容】
1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2. 以约120个词就“地沟油”发表你的看法，内容包括：
(1) 你对地沟油所持的态度；
(2) 你认为地沟油流向餐桌的原因以及如何防止地沟油流向餐饮业。
【写作要求】
1. 作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
【评分标准】
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语句连贯。
泄露天机-2012年高考押题精粹
（英语课标版）
（30道选择题+20道非选择题）
【参考答案】
一、选择题部分（共30小题）
1．【答案】A
【解析】考查交际用语。由but后面的句子可以看出，这是在委婉的提出要求，所以用：
I hate to say it我实在不想说（但又不得不说）。
2．【答案】C
【解析】考查代词辨析。此处使用that替代不可数名词furniture，其后为定语从句，省略了作宾语的关系代词which或that。注意the one用于替代特指意义的单数名词，不能替代不可数名词。
3．【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词的用法。此处can表示理论上的推测，意为：可能，会。句意：事实证明：世界经济的发展不是输赢的游戏而是一个在游戏中都有可能成为赢家游戏。
。
4．【答案】D
【解析】后半句有个but,前面应是一个完整的句子，而不是一个分词结构，由此可以看出，只有D项符合要求，如果去掉句中的but，应该选C。
5．【答案】A
【解析】考查连词辨析。---答语的意思是：我不介意做什么，只要是老师少留点作业，爸妈多给些零花钱就可以了。
6．【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。focus 意思是：焦点，重点。句意为：为了结束贫穷，世界银行已经把工作的重点转移到向发展中国家提供技术帮助和长期的贷款。
7．【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。fresh “没经验的，不熟练的”。她对办公室工作比较生疏，在必要的时候你最好给她提供一些建议。familiar 熟悉的；similar 相似的；sensitive敏感的。
8．【答案】A
【解析】考查介词。within“在……里；在……之内”，后常接表示某个特定范围的名词。within a month“在一个月内”。
9．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意为：他说对于考试结果他一点也不失望，但是他脸上的表情泄露了他（的真实感受）。give away意为：出卖，泄露。
10．【答案】B
【解析】考查动词。mark 标志。9月29日天宫一号的成功发射是标志着中国在太空站建设的计划中迈出了重大的一部。signal “发信号”；sign 签署，示意；prove证明。
11．【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的失态。when 引导的是时间状语从句，一般现在是表示的是将来的动作，表示将来某个时间点正在进行的动作，用将来进行时，故选C。
12．【答案】A
从下面两个题目中任选一题，按要求作答。不少于700字。 ①在中华民族发展的历史长河中，从古至今有无数英雄人物：岳飞、林则徐、邓世昌、赵一曼、张自忠、黄继光、邓稼先……，他们为了祖国，为了正义，不畏艰险，不怕牺牲；他们也不乏儿女情长，有普通人一样的对美好生活的眷恋。中华英雄令人钦敬，是一代又 一代华夏儿女的榜样。 请以“假如我与心中的英雄生活一天”为题，写一篇记叙文。 要求：自选一位中华英雄，展开想象，叙述你和他(她)在一起的故事，写出英雄人物 的风貌和你的情感。将题目抄写在答题卡上。 ②《说起梅花》表达了作者对梅花“深入灵魂的热爱”。在你的生活中，哪一种物使 你产生了“深入灵魂的热爱”，这样的爱为什么能深入灵魂？ 请以“深入灵魂的热爱”为题作文。 要求：自选一物(植物、动物或器物。梅花除外)，可议论，可叙述，可抒情，文体不限。将题目抄写在答题卡上。 解析： 北京高考作文从2012年开始，在试题上明显偏重于与社会现实的联系。而今年的试题以二选一的形式出现，给了学生更多选择。本次命题基本秉承了关注现实、联系社会的命 题思路，更是让每一位考生有话可说。考生可以从自己的生活中取材，相信每一位考生都 能找到适合自己的文章形式。但是想要得高分的话就要求考生在立意上有更高的要求。 从命题形式上来看，都是命题作文。在审题上降低了难度。 (1)《假如我与心中的英雄生活一天》。 题目与今年世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年暨中国抗日战争胜利70周年的时代背景紧 密相连，2015年海淀一模试题中已经有过相似的题目，考生对此话题并不陌生。 试题由导语和题目组成，导语对于作文题目有着明确的提示作用。在试题中列举了林 则徐等英雄人物，限定了学生要选择的“心中的英雄”必须是真正的英雄人物。同时，试 题中明确了英雄人物“为了祖国……”，也对英雄的形象做了解释说明。考生在文章中需 要体现英雄的相应特点。
98 高考 物理 上海 (一)、(32分)每小题4分．每小题只有一个正确答案，把正确答案前面的字母填写在题后的方括号内。选对的得4分：选错的或不答的；得0分；选了两个或两个以上的，得4分．填写在方括号外的字母，不作为选出的答案。 （1）关于光电效应的下列说法中，正确的是 （A ）光电子的最大初动能随着入射光强度的增大而增大。 （B ）只要入射光的强度足够大或照射的时间足够长，就一定能产生光电效应。 （C ）任何一种金属都有一个极限频率，低于这个频率的光不能产生光电效应。 （D ）在光电效应中，光电流的强度与入射光强度无关。 （2）如图1，两个平面镜互成直角，入射光线AB 经过两次反 射后的反射光线为CD 。今以两面镜的交线为轴，将镜转动10o，两 平面镜仍保持直角，在入射光AB 保持不变的情况下，经过两次反射后，反射光线为C ′D ′，则C ′D ′与CD （A ）不相交，同向平行。 （B ）不相交，反向平行。 （C ）相交成20o角。 （D ）相交成40o角。 （3）位于载流长直导线近旁的两根平行铁轨A 和B ，与长直导线平行且在同一水平面上，在铁轨A 、B 上套有两段可以自由滑动的导体CD 和EF ，如图2所示，若用力使导体EF 向右运动，则导体CD 将 （A ）保持不动。 （B ）向右运动。 （C ）向左运动。 （D ）先向右运动，后向左运动。 （4） 一矩形线圈，绕与匀强磁场垂直的中心轴OO ′按顺时 针方向旋转。引出线的两端各与互相绝缘的半圆铜环连接，两个 半圆环分别与固定电刷A 、B 滑动接触，电刷间接有电阻R ，如图 3所示。在线圈转动的过程中，通过R 的电流 （A ）大小和方向都不断变化 （B ）大小和方向都不变 （C ）大小不断变化，方向从A B R →→。 （D ）大小不断变化，方向从A R B →→。 （5）设人造地球卫星绕地球作匀速圆周运动，卫星离地面越高，则卫星的 （A ）速度越大。 （B ）角速度越大。 （C ）向心加速度越大。 （D ）周期越长。 B D C A 图1 C E 左 右 A B D F 图2
2014年普通高等学校统一招生考试理科综合（上海卷） 物理试题解析 1.下列电磁波中，波长最长的是 (A)无线电波 (B)红外线 (C)紫外线 (D)γ射线 1．【答案】A 【考点】电磁波谱 【解析】题中电磁波按照波长由长到短的顺序，依次是：无线电波、红外线、紫外线、γ射线，故选A 。 2.核反应方程X C He Be 12 64 29 4+→+中的X 表示 (A)质子 (B)电子 (C)光子 (D)中子 2．【答案】D 【考点】核反应 【解析】核反应同时遵循质量数和电荷数守恒，根据质量数守恒，可知X 的质量数是1，电荷数是0，所以该粒子是中子，D 项正确。 3.不能用卢瑟福原子核式结构模型得出的结论是 (A)原子中心有一个很小的原子核 (B)原子核是由质子和中子组成的 (C)原子质量几乎全部集中在原子核内 (D)原子的正电荷全部集中在原子核内 3．【答案】B 【考点】α散射实验、核式结构模型 【解析】卢瑟福通过α散射实验，发现绝大多数粒子发生了偏转，少数发发生了大角度的偏转，极少数反向运动，说明原子几乎全部质量集中在核内；且和α粒子具有斥力，所以正电荷集中在核内；因为只有极少数反向运动，说明原子核很小；并不能说明原子核是由质子和中子组成的，B 项正确。 4.分子间同时存在着引力和斥力，当分子间距增加时，分子间的 (A)引力增加，斥力减小 (B)引力增加，斥力增加 (C)引力减小，斥力减小 (D)引力减小.斥力增加 4．【答案】C 【考点】分子动理论 【解析】根据分子动理论可知，物质是由大量分子组成的；组成物质的分子在永不停息的做着无规则的热运动；分子间同时存在相互作用的引力和斥力。随分子间距的增大斥力和引力均变小，只是斥力变化的更快一些，C 项正确。 5.链式反应中，重核裂变时放出的可以使裂变不断进行下去的粒子是 (A)质子(B)中子(C)β粒子(D)α粒子 5．【答案】B 【考点】核反应、裂变
历年北京高考作文题目汇总(2020-2020年) 历年北京高考作文题目汇总(2008-2018年) 北京卷高考作文题 2018年 2018北京高考作文题目： 今年北京卷的高考大作文仍然是二选一，要求考生从下面两个题目中任选一题。 1、今天，众多2000年出生的考生走进高考考场。18年过去了，祖国在不断发展，大家也成长为青年。请以“新时代新青年——谈 在祖国发展中成长”为题，写一篇议论文。 2、生态文明建设关乎中华民族的永续发展，优美生态环境是每 一个中国人的期盼。请展开想象，以“绿水青山图”为题，写一篇 记叙文，形象展现人与自然和谐相处的美好图景。 2018北京高考作文题目图片版： 2018北京高考微作文题目： 2017年 大作文题目二选一：“说纽带”、“共和国，我为你拍照”。 1.纽带是能够起联系作用的人或事。人心需要纽带凝聚，力量需要纽带汇集。当今时代，经济全球化的发展、文化的发展、历史的 传承、社会的安宁、校园的和谐都需要纽带。请以“说纽带”为题，写一篇议论文。要求：观点明确，论据充分，论证合理。
2.2049年，我们的共和国将迎来百年华诞。届时假如请你拍摄 一幅或几幅照片来显现中华民族伟大复兴的辉煌成就，你将选择怎 样的画面?请展开想象，以“共和国，我为你拍照”为题，写一篇记 叙文。要求：想象合理，有叙述，有描写，可以写宏大的画面，也 可以写小的场景，以小见大。你怎么看? 【2017年北京高考微写作题三选一】北青报记者刚刚获悉，今 年高考作文“微写作”是从下面三个题目中任选一题，按要求作答，180字左右： 1.《根河之恋》里，鄂温克人从原有的生活方式走向了新生活，《平凡的世界》里也有类似的故事。请你从中选取一个例子，叙述 情节并作简要点评。要求：符合原著内容，条理清楚。 2.请从《红楼梦》中的林黛玉、薛宝钗、史湘云、香菱中选择一人，用一种花来比喻她，并简要陈述这样比喻的理由。要求：依据 原著，自圆其说。 3.如果请你从《边城》里的翠翠、《红岩》里的江姐、《一件小事》里的人力车夫、《老人与海》里的桑地亚哥之中选择一人，依 据某个特定情境，为他(她)设计一尊雕像，你将怎样设计呢?要求： 描述雕像的体态、外貌、神情等特征，并依据原著说明设计的意图。 2016年 北京卷：“老腔”何以令人震撼、神奇的书签 从下面两个题目中任选一题，按要求作答。不少于700字。将题目抄在答题卡上。 ①《白鹿原上奏响一支老腔》记述老腔的演出每每“撼人胸腑”，令人有一种“酣畅淋漓”的感觉。某种意义上，可以说“老腔”已 超越其艺术形式本身，成为了一种象征。 请以“‘老腔’何以令人震撼”为题，写一篇议论文。 要求：从老腔的魅力说开去，不要局限于陈忠实散文的内容，观点明确，论据充分，论证合理。
2012年北京卷高考作文题目 “铁路巡查员”材料作文解析及例文 【原题回放】 阅读下面的材料，按要求作文。(60分) 老计一个人工作在大山深处，负责巡视铁路，防止落石、滑坡、倒树危及行车安全，每天要独自行走二十多公里，每当列车经过，老计都会庄重地向疾驰而过的列车举手致敬。此时，列车也鸣响汽笛，汽笛声在深山中久久回响…… 大山深处的独自巡视，庄重的巡礼，久久回响的汽笛……，这一个个场景带给你怎样的感受和思考？请在材料含义范围之内，自定角度，自拟题目，自选文体(诗歌除外)，写一篇不少于800字的文章。 【写作指导】 【解析1】 老计的故事简单平凡，其中却又蕴含着发人深省、动人心魄的淳朴哲理。老计作为一个平凡的火车巡逻员，每天在深山里走几十里路守护铁路，可谓辛苦，可谓坚持；这么一个简单平凡的岗位，他每有火车经过都会敬微笑、招手、敬礼，送以安全的信号；可谓心态良好，可谓敬业负责，可谓对工作、对人生、对他人生命的珍爱和珍惜。而相应的，火车并非飞驰而过，而是鸣笛以示回应和感激，也让老计的生活不那么单调和寂寞，让他的行为更有了理由和动力。那回应的声声汽笛，可谓肯定，可谓感激，可谓尊敬，可谓回报。老计的招手和汽笛的回应，让寂寞幽静的深山霎时生动美丽起来！ 【解析2】 一、北京高考作文紧贴社会生活材料来源于生活，在铁道上坚守岗位、无私奉献的巡逻员肩负着铁路安全的和铁路交通轨道畅通的使命和责任，在平凡的岗位上做出不平凡的事。 二、北京高考作文体现了雷锋精神本次作文材料充分体现了雷锋精神中的：默默无闻、无私奉献、爱岗敬业、热爱劳动、忠于革命，忠于党、钉子精神等雷锋精神的内涵在本材料中得到了充分的体现。 三、北京高考作文避开了时事新闻在过去几年的北京高考作文中与时事结合很紧密，2012年的北京高考作文贴近生活、同学们在生活中、路途中都能有所见所闻，从平凡中发现伟大，让考生需要关注一些在平凡岗位上的爱岗敬业模范。 总之，2012年北京高考作文充分体现了贴近生活、注重精神层面的内容，需要考生关注社会、关注基层、关注平凡岗位上不平凡的使命和责任。本次作文充分体现了爱岗敬业、无私奉献、从平凡中体现了不平凡的人生 【解析3】 一、准确理解材料： （一）理解材料： 第一个内容：老计在铁路上每天独自行走二十多公里巡查铁路。——责任
2014年上海高考物理试卷详细解析
2014年上海高考物理试卷 一、单项选择题 1.下列电磁波中，波长最长的是（ ） （A ） 无线电波 （B ） 红外线 （C ） 紫外线 （D ） γ射线 2.核反应方程 9412426Be He C+X +→中的X 表示 （ ） （A ）质子 （B ）电子 （C ） 光子 （D ） 中子 3.不能用卢瑟福原子核式结构模型得出的 结论是（ ） （A ）原子中心有一个很小的原子核 （B ）原子核是有质子和中子组成的 （C ）原子质量几乎全部集中在原子核内 （D ）原子的正电荷全部集中在原子核内 4.分子间同时存在着引力和斥力，当分子间 距增加时，分子间的（ ） （A ）引力增加，斥力减小 （B ） 引力增加，斥力增加 （C ）引力减小，斥力减小 （D ） 引力减小，斥力增加 5.链式反应中，重核裂变时放出的可以使裂
变不断进行下去的粒子是（） （A）质子（B）中子（C）β粒子（D）α粒子 6.在光电效应的实验中，与光的波动理论不矛盾的是（） （A）光电效应是瞬时发生的（B）所有金属都存在极限频率 （C）光电流随着入射光增强而变大（D）入射光频率越大，光电子最大初动能越大 7.质点做简谐运动，其x t-关系如图以x轴正向为速度v的正方向，该质点的v t-关系是（） 第7题图（A）（B） (C）（D） 8.在离地高为h处，沿竖直向上和向下抛出两个小球，它们的初速度大小均为v，不计空气阻力，两球落地的时间差为（） （A）2v g （B）v g （C）2h v （D）
关系是（ ） （A ） （B ） （C ） （D ） 12.如图，在磁感应强度为B 的匀强磁场中， 面积为S 的矩形刚性导线框abcd 可绕ad 边的固 定' oo 转动，磁场方向与线框平面垂直在线框中通以电流强度为I 的稳恒电流，并使线框与竖直平 面成θ角，此时bc 边受到相对于' oo 轴的安培力力矩大小为（ ） （A ）sin ISB θ （B ）cos ISB θ （C ）sin ISB θ （D ）cos ISB θ 第12题图 第13题图 13.如图，带有一白点的黑色圆盘，可绕过其中心、垂直于盘面的轴匀速转动，每秒沿顺时 针方向旋转30圈在暗室中用每秒闪光31次的频
物理试卷 一、 单项选择题（共16分，每小题2分，每小题只有一个正确选项。） 1. 下列电磁波中，波长最长的是 （A ）无线电波（B ）红外线（C ）紫外线（D ）γ射线 2.核反应方程式9 4Be+42He →126C+X 中的X 表示 （A ）质子 （B ）电子 （C ）光子 （D ）中子 3.不能．． 用卢瑟福原子核式结构模型得出的结论是 （A ）原子中心有一个很小的原子核 （B ）原子核是由质子和中子组成的 （C ）原子质量几乎全部集中在原子核内（D ）原子的正电荷全部集中在原子核内 4.分子间同时存在着引力和斥力，当分子间距增加时，分子间的 （A ）引力增加，斥力减小（B ）引力增加，斥力增加 （C ）引力减小，斥力减小（D ）引力减小，斥力增加 5.链式反应中，重核裂变时放出的可以使裂变不断进行下去的粒子是 （A ）质子 （B ）中子（C ） β粒子 （D ）α粒子 6.在光电效应的实验结果中，与光的波动理论不矛盾．．． 的是 （A ）光电效应是瞬时发生的 （B ）所有金属都存在极限频率 （C ）光电流随着入射光增强而变大（D ）入射光频率越大，光电子最大初动能越大 7.质点做简谐运动，其t x -关系如图，以x 轴正向为速度υ的正方向，该质点的t -υ关系 是 8.在离地高h 处，沿竖直方向同时向上和向下抛出两个小球，她们的初速度大小均为υ，不计空气阻力，两球落地的时间差为 （A ）g υ2（B ）g υ（C ）υh 2（D ）υh 二、单项选择题（共24分，每小题3分。每小题只有一个正确选项。） 9.如图，光滑的四分之一圆弧轨道AB 固定在竖直平面内，A 端与水平面相切，穿在轨道上的小球在拉力F 的作用下，缓慢地由A 向B 运动，F 始终沿轨道的切线方向，轨道对球的弹力为N .在运动过程中 （A ）F 增大，N 减小（B ）F 减小，N 减小（C ）F 增大，N 增大（D ）F 减小，N 增大 10.如图，竖直放置、开口向下的试管内用水银封闭一段气体，若试管自由下落，管内气体
2012年高考北京卷优秀作文 阅读下面的材料，按要求作文。(60分) 老计一个人工作在大山深处～负责巡视铁路～防止落石、滑坡、倒树危及行车安全～每天要独自行走二十多公里。每当列车经过～老计都会庄重地向疾驰而过的列车举手敬礼。此时～列车也鸣响汽笛～汽笛声在深山中久久回响…… 大山深处的独自巡视，庄重的敬礼，久久回响的汽笛……，这一个个场景带给你怎样的感受和思考,请在材料含意范围之内，自定角度，自拟题目，自选文体(诗歌除外)，写一篇不少于800字的文章。 [示例2] 由老计想到 大山深处～有一个佝偻着背却步伐稳健的身影～那是老计在独自巡视铁路…… 如果不是今天这则作文题～也许我不会知道有这样一位英雄的存在,但即使没 有这则作文题～他依旧会在大山中日复一日地行走～检查安全隐患～敬礼…… 当今浮华社会似乎让老计的行为格格不入。陈光标的暴力捐款已经成为人们茶余饭后的谈资～如此的作秀可谓与老计的孤独相差甚远。陈光标的捐款是否真的造福人类还难以下结论～他或许增加了穷人们口袋里硬币的数量～但是也会迎来人们异样的目光。而老计～也许有的人一生都不被人知晓～但他却接受着世人的敬仰: 没有镁光灯的照耀～老计依旧行走在大山中～大概镁光灯的光芒也不及老计心中“为人民服务”的光芒耀眼。没有领导的管理～老计依旧孜孜不倦地检查每一块石头是否有落下的可能～大概老计根本不需要领导～他做的是他自己认为本分的事而已。没有奖章的授予～甚至工资都是微薄的～老计却依旧为铁路事业贡献着自己的力量。 是啊～铁路不出事故～谁又可能意识到存在的重要性呢,
2012年3月30日是中国金隅男篮夺冠的日子～全北京沸腾～球员狂欢～可此时又有谁注意到了中国翻译王岚在更衣室整理着运动员们充满臭汗的衣服～又有谁知道每一场比赛他都如此～几年以来媒体从未把摄像镜头对准他一次～可他依旧如此……是不是当队员们发现自己衣服还是乱糟糟时～才会想起平日是谁帮他们收拾打理, 的确～我们身旁不乏这样默默发光发热的人。如果不是妈妈生病～你又怎么会记起每天早餐的牛奶是妈妈早起为你热好的,如果不是爸爸车坏了～你又怎么会记起每天早上爸爸为了让你多睡一会儿而驱车送你去学校,如果不是同桌没有来～你又怎么会注意平日为你解答疑思的是其貌不扬的他,如果不是今日下雨～你又怎么会怀念每天放学回来时坐在楼前的爷爷奶奶们的嘘寒问暖,如果不是……但是他们总是如此～并不在意你知不知道～他们心里满满地装着的都是别人。 大山深处～那个巡视铁路的孤独的身影依旧在向远方走去～或许老计会看到我们写的作文,那他大概也只是欣慰一笑～而后继续检查每块石头是否坚固～检查每棵树是否枯死……他心里想的也仍旧不会改变。 如果我在那列飞驰的火车上～我会选择起立～庄严地为你回个礼: 1 [示例3] 将“最美”铭记到底 繁华的喧嚣之后～我们的感动与铭记～有多久, “老计一个人工作在大山深处……行走二十多公里。每当列车经过……庄重地举手敬礼……汽笛声在深山中久久回响……” 这是一段简短的文字～却也是一幅幅鲜活而感人至深的画面。我们从老计在大山深处的独自巡视看到了他的尽职尽责,在他庄重的敬礼中看到了他对工作的热爱。而最令我深思与感慨的～是那久久回响的汽笛声。
历年北京高考作文题目 2005年北京高考作文题：以“安”为题写篇议论文。“安”字含有“安定”、“安全”、“安宁”、“安逸”以及“安于”……等意思，自行选定角度写议论文。字数：不少于800 2006年北京高考作文题：北京的符号 2007年北京高考作文题：一句诗细雨湿衣看不见，闲花落地听无声。题目自拟，除诗歌文体不限 2008年北京高考作文题 在课堂上，老师拿了一个玻璃杯，里面放了一个大石头，差不多和杯子一样大，老师问大家：杯子满了吗?一个学生回答：没满，还可以放沙子。待学生放完沙子，老师又问：满了吗?全班同学回答满了，有一个男孩却回答没有满，还可以放水。老师笑了，接着把沙子和石头倒出来，杯子是空的。这回老师是往杯子里放沙子和水，然后问大家，杯子满了吗?如果要放石头进去，该怎么放?男孩就把杯子里的沙子和水倒出来，先把石头放进去。 老师让学生们对此发表自己的看法，学生们各抒己见： 观点一“看起来到了极限，其实还有很大空间” 观点二，做事要有一定的顺序，应该先放沙子 观点三，对，分量重的事应该先做，比如大的石块应该先放进去 观点四，不一定吧，先放沙子和水也未必不可…… 学生根据材料自选角度，自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章，除诗歌外体裁不限。 2009年北京高考作文题：我有一双隐形的翅膀 2010年北京高考作文题：以仰望星空与脚踏实地为题。写一篇不少于800字的文章，除诗歌外，不限文体 2011年北京高考作文题：诚信 2012年北京高考作文题：火车巡逻员的故事 2013年北京高考作文题：爱迪生如何看手机
2014年北京高考作文题目为： 一、材料作文，写《北京的规矩》，如进人家做客应该遵循哪些规矩等; 要求： 1、自选角度，确定文意，自拟标题，文体不限。 2、不要脱离材料内容及含义的范围 3、不少于800字 4、不得套作，不得抄袭 二、一篇三选一小作文，三个题目分别是： 1学习语文的体会; 2对家长送考怎么看; 3 18岁的感觉。 2015年北京高考作文题目为： 五、本大题共两小题，共60分。 26.微写作（10分） 从下面三个三个题目中任选一题，按要求作答。不超过150字。 ①语文老师请同学们推荐名著中的章节或片段供课上研读。范围《三国演义》《巴黎圣母院》《四世同堂》和《平凡的世界》。你选择哪部著作中的哪个章节或片段？请用一句话表述推荐内容，并简要陈述理由。 ②乱涂乱贴、违禁吸烟、赛场京骂等不文明的现象，与首都形象极不相称。请针对社会上的某一种不文明现象，拟一条劝说短信。要求态度友善，语言幽默。文体不限。 ③请以“圆”为题，写一首小诗或一段抒情文字。 27.作文（50分） 从下面两个题目中任选一题，按要求作答。不少于700字。 ①在中华民族发展的历史长河中，从古至今有无数英雄人物：岳飞、林则徐、邓世昌、赵一曼、张自忠、黄继光、邓稼先……，他们为了祖国，为了正义，不畏艰险，不怕牺牲；他们也不乏儿女情长，有普通人一样的对美好生活的眷恋。中华英雄令人钦敬，是一代又一代华夏儿女的榜样。
2012年普通高等院校招生统一考试(上海卷) 物理试卷 本试卷共10页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。全卷包括六大题，第一、二大题为单项选择题，第三大题为多项选择题，第四大题为填空题，第五大题为实验题，第六大题为计算题。 一、单项选择题（共16分，每小题2分。每小题只有一个正确选项。） 1．在光电效应实验中，用单色光照时某种金属表面，有光电子逸出，则光电子的最大初动能取决于入射光的（） （A）频率（B）强度（C）照射时间（D）光子数目2．下图为红光或紫光通过双缝或单缝所呈现的图样，则（） （A）甲为紫光的干涉图样（B）乙为紫光的干涉图样 （C）丙为红光的干涉图样（D）丁为红光的干涉图样 3．与原子核内部变化有关的现象是（） （A）电离现象（B）光电效应现象 （C）天然放射现象（D）α粒子散射现象 4．根据爱因斯坦的“光子说”可知（） （A）“光子说”本质就是牛顿的“微粒说”（B）光的波长越大，光子的能量越小（C）一束单色光的能量可以连续变化（D）只有光子数很多时，光才具有粒子性 5．在轧制钢板时需要动态地监测钢板厚度，其检测装置由放 射源、探测器等构成，如图所示。该装置中探测器接收到的 是（） （A）x射线（B）α射线 （C）β射线（D）γ射线 6．已知两个共点力的合力为50N，分力F1的方向与合力F的方向成30°角，分力F2的大小为30N。则（）（A）F1的大小是唯一的（B）F2的力向是唯一的 （C）F2有两个可能的方向（D）F2可取任意方向 7．如图，低电位报警器由两个基本门电路与蜂鸣器组成，该报警器只有当输入电压过低时蜂鸣器才会发出警报。其中（） （A）甲是“与门”，乙是“非门” （B）甲是“或门”，乙是“非门” （C）甲是“与门”，乙是“或门” （D）甲是“或门”，乙是“与门” 8．如图，光滑斜面固定于水平面，滑块A、B叠放后一起冲上斜面，且始终保持相对静止，
2012年北京卷高考作文题目解析及例文 原题： 阅读下面的材料，按要求作文。(60分) 老计一个人工作在大山深处，负责巡视铁路，防止落石、滑坡、倒树危及行车安全，每天要独自行走二十多公里，每当列车经过，老计都会庄重地向疾驰而过的列车举手致敬。此时，列车也鸣响汽笛，汽笛声在深山中久久回响…… 大山深处的独自巡视，庄重的巡礼，久久回响的汽笛……，这一个个场景带给你怎样的感受和思考？请在材料含义范围之内，自定角度，自拟题目，自选文体(诗歌除外)，写一篇不少于800字的文章。 一、准确理解材料： （一）理解材料： 第一个内容：老计在铁路上每天独自行走二十多公里巡查铁路。——责任第二个内容：列车开近他身旁时，他庄重地向列车举手致敬。——自豪、强烈的自尊 第三个内容：老计行礼时，列车也鸣响汽笛，汽笛声在山谷里回荡......——受到尊敬 结论：自尊，让他心系一份责任；自尊让他看重他的工作，并感到自豪；自尊得到了他人的尊重。 （二）分析“自尊”到底是什么： 从材料中看自尊是：做好自己的工作；以自己的工作为自豪；尽管自己很卑微，也没有看不起自己，力争做高尚的自己。 仔细分析他的“自尊”包括：a努力做好分内之事;b以自己从事的事业为自豪；c没有看不起自己，努力做高尚的自己； （三）分析材料的含意： 从材料本身看，由于老计尊重自己，他也得到了别人的尊重。进一步引申可以是：一个人只有尊重自己，才有可能得到别人的尊重。尊重自己的人一定尊重自己的工作，尊重自己从事的事业，以自己和自己从事的事业为自豪，努力做高
尚的自己。材料还隐含着不管自己做什么，哪怕自己所从事的是非常卑微的工作，也要看得起自己，看得起自己的工作，并要努力做最好的自己，只有这样才可能得到别人和社会的尊重。 二、选准角度 根据这个材料的含意，可以选取的角度有： 1自尊，才能得到别人的尊重； 2别小看自己； 3没有卑微的工作，只有卑微的自己； 4做最好的自己； 三、构思 1美国石油大王哈默的成功，因为自尊； 2强烈的自尊心使徐悲鸿奋发学习； 3“耻辱戒指”和阿里巴巴的事例； 4丧权辱国的《南京条约》（反面）； 5表现祖国自尊的重大事件； 6结论：就有了自信，有了自信，就能够自强、自立！ 结构提纲： 1从材料引出论点。 2用哈默、徐悲鸿的事例论证。 3用耻辱戒指和阿里巴巴事例论证。 4用清政府和英国签订的《南京条约》和现在祖国自尊的重大事件论证。 5结论：有了自尊，就有了自信，有了自信，就能够自强、自立！。
2014北京语文高考作文题 【篇一：2014年北京高考作文的详细分析与评价】 2014北京高考语文详解：传统文化内容加码 2014年全国高考将于 6月7日-9日举行。搜狐高考站将会在考后第一时间发布2014年各 地高考试题答案、高考作文题目，敬请关注相关专题。 2014年北京卷高考作文题（材料作文） 北京过去有许多“老规矩”，如“出门回家都要跟长辈打招呼”、“吃菜 不许满盘子乱挑”、“不许管闲事儿”、“笑不露齿，话不高声”、“站 有站相，坐有坐相”、“作客时不许随便动主人家的东西”、“忠厚传世，勤俭持家”等，这些从小就被要求遵守的准则，点点滴滴，影响 了一辈辈北京人。世易时移，这些老规矩渐渐被人们淡忘了。不久前，有网友陆续把一些老规矩重新整理出来贴到网上，引发了一片 热议。“老规矩”被重新提起并受到关注，这种现象引发了你哪些思考?请自选角度，自拟题目写一篇文章，文体不限，不少于700字。北京过去有许多“老规矩”，如“出门回家都要跟长辈打招呼”、“吃菜 不许满盘子乱挑”、“不许管闲事儿”、“笑不露齿，话不高声”、“站 有站相，坐有坐相”、“作客时不许随便动主人家的东西”、“忠厚传世，勤俭持家”等，这些从小就被要求遵守的准则，点点滴滴，影响 了一辈辈北京人。 世易时移，这些老规矩渐渐被人们淡忘了。不久前，有网友陆续把 一些老规矩重新整理出来贴到网上，引发了一片热议。 “老规矩”被重新提起并受到关注，这种现象引发了你哪些思考？请 自选角度，自拟题目写一篇文章，文体不限，不少于700字。 评价：可贵在提现出“文以载道” 本次大作文题目考查学生对“老规矩被重新提起并受到关注”这一现 象的认识，体现了命题人对传统文化在现实生活中所起作用的思考。本题的可贵之处体现了中国文化中“文以载道”的思想，将社会主义 核心价值观的导向隐含在题目中。学生在思考“老规矩”时，自然会 对其间涉及的核心价值观、传统文化精神有所思考，也对未来的教 学起到很好的作用。 现在的学生讲求个性、自由，对各种规矩多少有些抵触，对传统的 规矩已经遗忘。如何看待这些规矩重新被提起，则体现学生对传统 文化与当代精神的思考深度。每个学生都会受到老规矩的约束，但 不同的人对老规矩的认识却有高下。因此，本题可以突出考查学生
2019年上海市高考物理试卷 一、选择题（共40分.第1-8小题，每小题3分，第9-12小题，每小题3分.每小题只 有一个正确答案. ) 1. （3分）（2019?上海）以下运动中加速度保持不变的是（ B .匀速圆周运动 C ?竖直上抛运动 D ?加速直线运动 2. （3分）（2019?上海）原子核内部有（） A .质子 B . a粒子 C .电子 D .光电子 4. （3分）（2019?上海）泊松亮斑是光的（ A .干涉现象，说明光有波动性 B .衍射现象，说明光有波动性 C.干涉现象，说明光有粒子性 D .衍射现象，说明光有粒子性 5. （3分）（2019?上海）将相同质量，相同温度的理想气体放入相同容器，体积不同，则这 两部分气体（） A .简谐振动 3. （3 分）（2019 ?上 海） 间变化的图象应为（ 一个做简谐振动的弹簧振子, t=0时位于平衡位置，其机械能随时
A ?平均动能相同，压强相同 B?平均动能不同，压强相同 C?平均动能相同，压强不同 D?平均动能不同，压强不同 6 ? （3分）（2019?上海）以A、B为轴的圆盘，A以线速度v转动，并带动B转动，A、B之 间没有相对滑动则（） A ? A、B转动方向相同，周期不同 B ? A、B转动方向不同，周期不同 C ? A、B转动方向相同，周期相同 D ? A、B转动方向不同，周期相同 7? （3分）（2019?上海）一只甲虫沿着树枝缓慢地从A点爬到B点，此过程中树枝对甲虫 作用力大小（） A .变大 B .变小 C .保持不变 D ? ? & （3分）（2019?上海）两波源I、n在水槽中形成的波形如图所示，其中实线表示波峰，虚线表示波谷，则以下说法正确的是（）
关于2012年北京高考满分作文 清晨，可曾听到商贩的叫卖声?踏着早晨的清露，给出行的人送来一缕缕可口的清香。傍晚，可曾目视霓虹灯下忙碌的身影?踩着夜晚的喧嚣，送来一块块干净的草地。他们无私、认真、勤奋，伴随着时间的流逝，人心依旧，奉献长存。下面是为大家精心整理的文章，希望对大家有所帮助。 地势坤--君子以厚德载物 独居大山，为保安全二十年。逢车敬礼，日日独行四十里。让我们向这位高尚的灵魂予以最高的敬礼。 的确，有些人在我们凡人眼里显得很平庸，但是他们高尚的品格，却日日夜夜的支撑着我们这个世界，世界因他们而骄傲，他们理应得到大山深处列车的赞礼，君子以厚德载物! 或许我们曾经彷徨，或许我们曾经困惑，但是先贤们高尚的灵魂宛如灯塔一般照耀着我们前行的路：孔子云：“好学近乎知，力行近乎仁，知耻近乎勇。”使我们明白了什么是“三达德”。孟子云：“老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼。”使我们明白了什么是“博爱”。庄子云：“众人重利，廉士重名，贤人尚志，圣人贵精。”使我们明白了什么是“价值”。老子云：“胜人者有力，自胜者强。”使我们明白了什么是“胜利”。 我中华泱泱五千年，能人奇士数不胜数，或许有很多能工巧技早
已失传，或许有很多珍宝文物也已流失。但是先贤们的精神却从未就此断绝。老计正是继承了我中华五千年传承下来的优良传统，以君子的厚德承载了这巍巍大山，以及这巍巍大山上的每一条铁路。 这又让我想起了白芳礼老人。为了让贫困的孩子们能够安心上学，白方礼老人凭着一辆脚踏车，在十多年的时间里先后捐款35万元，资助了300多个大学生的学费与生活费。他为学生们送去的每一分钱，都是用自己的双腿一脚高一脚低那么踩出来的，是他每日不分早晚，栉风沐雨，用淌下的一滴滴汗水积攒出来的，来之不易，来之艰辛!照常理，像他这样的古稀老人不仅无须再为别人做什么，倒是完全应该接受别人的关心和照顾。可他没有，不仅丝毫没有，而是把自己仅有的能为别人闪耀的一截残烛全部点燃，并且燃烧得如此明亮，如此辉煌。 大爱无疆，厚德载物。 文化是需要积淀的，中华的摇篮中已走出了无数条铮铮铁骨。他们中很多很多都未尝轰轰烈烈过。但是他们却将自己的高尚德行贯彻始终，十年，二十年，甚至是一辈子。 平凡之中显高贵，持久之中见博大。 在中国，又有多少如同老计一般的具有厚德的灵魂在默默地付出?雷锋传人郭明义、康巴铁汉才哇、信义兄弟孙水林、孙东林……。 他们是整个中华的脊梁，他们的厚德必将承载整个世界。 向那些英雄们敬礼!
2014年北京市卷高考优秀满分作文：守成不如变革春秋战国，兵戈不息，各国诸侯攻伐兼并。弱者亡，强者胜。故诸王不爱重宝广招贤士，欲变法以强国。 后商鞅人秦，见孝公，陈治国之道，献变法之策，欲辅孝公称霸天下，一时举国震动。然兹事体大，故孝公决意廷议定夺。 翌日，鞅入廷朝王，谏曰：?方今天下纷扰，诸侯兴兵裂土，而拥城据邑者星罗环拱。秦欲王天下，必厉行改革以振疲弊之势。?王颔首曰：?愿闻其详。?鞅曰：?燔诗书，明典刑，设郡县。废豪族之特权，奖攻战之士卒，一以军功授爵。抑工商之末而重农耕之本。若此，不出三世，则秦必威震四海，席卷天下。? 王默然不语。忽一人出班高声驳斥：?商鞅之言差矣!?众人视之，乃甘龙也。龙日：?自古强国之法，莫不效仿先贤之道，谨守先王之法。而鞅空言变法，自是取祸之道耳，其言大谬也。?鞅对日：?卿言差矣。自古治世不一道，便国不古法。故汤不循古而王，夏殷不易礼而亡。反古者不可非，而循规者不足多。唯与时推移，除旧规，创新法，方为治世之道也。?甘龙一时语塞，悻悻而退。 语未毕，复有一人出班请奏，乃杜挚也。曰：?商君所言变法有利乎?利不百，不变法;功不十，不易器。古无过，循礼无邪。?又言：?臣闻缘法而治者，吏习而民安，故变法百害而无一利，望大王三思。?商鞅叹曰：?子之识见何其陋也!变法之利，惠及后世，岂囿于一时之利乎?昔李悝变法于魏，未数十载，国富兵强，雄于诸侯，此非变法之利乎?且夫秦自献公以来国势疲弱，若因循守旧，岂非自取灭亡，徒为山东诸国之鱼肉耳。?杜挚闻言，满面羞惭，不复言语。 王大喜，抚掌而起日：?子之言真治世良策也。?遂用商鞅以变法。后百余
年，秦人内立法度而务耕织，外施连横而斗诸侯。百姓守法，劲卒善战。危三晋，窥周室。南吞巴蜀，东慑六国，剑锋所指，所向披靡。及至始皇，奋先世余烈，横扫六国，一匡天下。乃使蒙恬北击匈奴，筑万里长城以为国门;南取百越、岭南之地，通千里灵渠以为河道。东封泰山，临海而叹。此皆秦之伟绩也。 于是余有叹焉。若非商君谏王除旧规，立新法，焉有后世之强寨耶?宋人王安石有官：?天变不足畏，祖宗不足法，人言不足恤。?故日，守成不如变革，信矣! ◇专组句评：文章采用故事新编方式，再现商鞅变法之朝廷论辩，通过相互提问质疑与辩析，说明了变革的意义。同时用文言文表达，使文章更符合古人古事古味。 ◇仿写点：构思新颖思辨透视
2012年高考真题—物理学科理科综合及答案解析
2012年高考真题—物理学科（上海卷）解析版 本试卷共10页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。全卷包括六大题，第一、二大题为单项选择题，第三大题为多项选择题，第四大题为填空题，第五大题为实验题，第六大题为计算题。 考生注意： 1．答卷前，考生务必在试卷和答题卡上用蓝色或黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔填写姓名、准考证号.并将条形码贴在指定的位置上。 2．第一、第二和第三大题的作答必须用2B 铅笔涂在答题纸上相应区域内与试卷题号对应的位置，需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。第四、第五和第六大题的作答必须用蓝色或黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置（作图可用铅笔）. 3．第30、31、32、33题要求写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤。只写出最后答案，而未写出主要演算过程中，不能得分。有关物理量的数值计算问题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。 一、单项选择题（共16分，每小题2分。每小题只有一个正确选项。） 1．在光电效应实验中，用单色光照时某种金属表面，有光电子逸出，则光电子的最大初动能取决于入射光的 （ ） （A ）频率 （B ）强度 （C ）照射时间 （D ）光子数目 答案：A 解析：根据爱因斯坦的光电效应方程：2 12 h W m v ν-=，光电子的最大初动能只与入射光的频率在关，与其它无 关。而光照强度，照射时间及光子数目与逸出的光电子数量的关。 2．下图为红光或紫光通过双缝或单缝所呈现的图样，则 （ ） （A ）甲为紫光的干涉图样 （B ）乙为紫光的干涉图样 （C ）丙为红光的干涉图样 （D ）丁为红光的干涉图样 答案：B 解析：当单色光通过双缝时形成的干涉图样为等间距的，而通过单缝时的图案是中间宽两边窄的衍射图样，因此甲、乙为干涉图案；而丙、丁为衍射图案。并且红光的波长较长，干涉图样中，相邻条纹间距较大，而紫光的波长较短，干涉图样中相邻条纹间距较小，因此B 选项正确。 3．与原子核内部变化有关的现象是 （ ） （A ）电离现象 （B ）光电效应现象 （C ）天然放射现象 （D ）α粒子散射现象 答案：C 解析：电离现象是原子核外的电子脱离原子核的束缚，与原子核内部无关因此A 不对 光电效应说明光的粒子性同样也与原子核内部无关，B 不对 天然放射现象是从原子核内部放出α、β、γ三种射线，说明原子核内部的复杂结构，放出α、β后原子核就变成了新的原子核，因此C 正确 α粒子散射现象说明原子有核式结构模型，与原子核内部变化无关，D 不对
北京2011年高考优秀作文 例文一： 2011年北京高考优秀作文：留给自己一个对手 ——祝福那些使你成长的人们 中国队虽然包揽了世乒赛所有的金牌，但是，我感到的并不是喜悦，一种独孤求败的凄凉之感油然而生。高处不胜寒，中国队，太需要一个对手了。人生中，又何尝不是如此呢，一个拥有对手的人应该是幸福的，因为你的对手，会伴随你一路成长下去，直到你登上最高的山峰。 时势造英雄，英雄造英雄。英雄往往都是成双成对的出现，勾践与阖闾，曹操与刘备，毛泽东与蒋介石。他们看起来是对手，但是他们却都成就了对方，同时也成就了自己，而正是自己对手的存在，可以使你加倍努力地学习，奋斗，最终功成名就。 始皇一扫天下，我相信他所得到不是万人唯我独尊的喜悦，而是无人能敌，无战可战的寂寞与苍凉，他失去了奋斗的目标，同时也迷失了自己，最终秦朝二世而亡。刘邦虽然喜钱财，好美姬，但是项羽的存在，却使他由一个街头混混，成长为一个帝王之才，我相信刘邦将死之年，最怀念的不会是别人，而必定是他一生的对手——项羽。 幸福使人麻木，而痛苦却让人成长。往往带给你幸福的人，我们记得不甚清晰，但是给予你巨大伤痛的人，我们却刻骨铭心。一个没有对手的人生是一个不完整的人生。每当我看《康熙大帝》时，看到康熙在千叟宴上敬酒，我都感动得热泪盈眶，他敬了三碗酒，第一碗是敬孝庄皇太后，第二碗敬各位功臣，而这第三碗
酒，他这么说的：“这第三碗酒，朕要敬给朕的死敌们。螯拜、吴三桂、郑经、葛尔丹，还有那个朱三太子，他们都是英雄豪杰啊，他们造就了朕哪，他们逼着朕立下了这丰功伟业。朕恨他们，也敬他们。哎，可惜呀，他们都死了，朕寂寞呀！朕不祝他们死得安宁，祝他们来生再世再与朕为敌吧！” 这是何等的豪迈，何等的不屈啊！ 英雄自古多磨难，千凶万险终破茧。 请留给自己一个对手吧，留给自己一个奋斗的目标，让自己永远充满活力。 请祝福自己的对手吧，正是因为他们，你才得以获得今日的辉煌。 请珍惜自己的对手吧，因为你总有一天你会发现，他们在你心中的无可替代的分量。 我们不做独孤求败，我们都是有血有肉的汉子，我们会敬重我们的对手们，他们和我们共同进步，共同成长。终有一天，我们大家都会闯出一片属于自己的蓝天。 例文二： 2011年北京高考优秀作文：沉默的丰碑 静夜，月凉如水。 我走在无声的林荫大道中，大自然的一切都沉默着，连知了、蟋蟀都陷入沉睡。俯身，我捡起一片落叶，在斑驳的月影中，我看到身骑白马的刘邦款款走来，穿越时光，他来到了我的面前。 他沉默却微笑着。嘴角微微上扬的弧度，折射出那千年前，一桌暗流涌动、危机四伏的鸿门宴，面对项羽欲除之而后快的昭
北京市近十年高考作文题目汇总(2009-2019年) 2019年 从下面两个题目中任选一题，按要求作答。不少于700字。将题目抄在答题卡上。 ①“韧性”是指物体柔软坚实、不易折断的性质。中华文明历经风雨，绵延至今，体现出“韧”的精神。回顾漫长的中国历史，每逢关键时刻，这种文明的韧性体现得尤其明显。中华民族的伟大复兴，更需要激发出这种文明的韧性。 请以“文明的韧性”为题，写一篇议论文。可以从中国的历史变迁、思想文化、语言文字、文学艺术、社会生活及中国人的品格等角度，谈谈你的思考。 要求：观点明确，论据充分，论证合理。 ②色彩，指颜色；不同的色彩常被赋予不同的意义。2019年，我们隆重纪念五四运动100周年，欢庆共和国70华诞。作为在这个特殊年份参加高考的学生，你会赋予2019年哪一种色彩，来形象地表达你的感受和认识？ 请以“2019的色彩”为题，写一篇记叙文。 要求：思想健康，内容充实，感情真挚，运用记叙、描写和抒情等多种表达方式。 2018年 2018北京高考作文题目： 今年北京卷的高考大作文仍然是二选一，要求考生从下面两个题目中任选一题。 1、今天，众多2000年出生的考生走进高考考场。18年过去了，祖国在不断发展，大家也成长为青年。请以“新时代新青年——谈在祖国发展中成长”为题，写一篇议论文。 2、生态文明建设关乎中华民族的永续发展，优美生态环境是每一个中国人的期盼。请展开想象，以“绿水青山图”为题，写一篇记叙文，形象展现人与自然和谐相处的美好图景。 北京高考微作文出炉，下列7名著至少得知道一部 从下面三个题目中任选一题，按要求作答。 1、在《红岩》、《边城》、《老人与海》中，至少选择一部作品，用一组排比比喻句抒写你从中获得的教益。 2、从《红楼梦》、《呐喊》、《平凡的世界》中选择一个即可悲又可叹的人物，简述这个人
2012年普通高等院校招生统一考试上海物理试卷 一、单项选择题（共16分，每小题2分。每小题只有一个正确选项。）1．在光电效应实验中，用单色光照时某种金属表面，有光电子逸出，则光电子的最大初动能取决于入射光的（）（A）频率（B）强度（C）照射时间（D）光子数目2．下图为红光或紫光通过双缝或单缝所呈现的图样，则（）（A）甲为紫光的干涉图样（B）乙为紫光的干涉图样 （C）丙为红光的干涉图样（D）丁为红光的干涉图样3．与原子核内部变化有关的现象是（） （A）电离现象（B）光电效应现象 （C）天然放射现象（D）α粒子散射现象 4．根据爱因斯坦的“光子说”可知（）（A）“光子说”本质就是牛顿的“微粒说”（B）光的波长越大，光子的能量越小 （C）一束单色光的能量可以连续变化（D）只有光子数很多时，光才具有粒子性 5．在轧制钢板时需要动态地监测钢板厚度，其检测装置由放射源、探测器等构成，如图所示。该装置中探测器接收到的是 （） （A）x射线（B）α射线 （C）β射线（D）γ射线 6．已知两个共点力的合力为50N，分力F1的方向与合力F的方向成30°
角，分力F2的大小为30N。则（）（A）F1的大小是唯一的（B）F2的力向是唯一的 （C）F2有两个可能的方向（D）F2可取任意方向 7．如图，低电位报警器由两个基本门电路与蜂鸣器组成，该报警器只有当输入电压过低时蜂鸣器才会发出警报。其中（）（A）甲是“与门”，乙是“非门” （B）甲是“或门”，乙是“非门” （C）甲是“与门”，乙是“或门” （D）甲是“或门”，乙是“与门” 8．如图，光滑斜面固定于水平面，滑块A、B叠放后一起冲上斜面，且始终保持相对静止，A上表面水平。则在斜面上运动时，B受力的示意图为（） 二、单项选择题（共24分，每小题3分。每小题只有一个正确选项。）9．某种元素具有多种同位素，反映这些同位素的质量数A与中子数N关系的是图（）