地缘政治论文：南海地缘政治与中国国家安全
【中文摘要】地缘政治理论经历了数百年的发展,在不同时代呈现出了不同的主流理论流派。既有马汉的海权论,又有麦金德的陆权论,也有斯皮克曼的边缘地带学说。纵观近百年来地缘政治理论的发展,其在一定的地理条件下对国家间关系的研究一直是该理论研究的主题。该理论最大的现实性意义在于对国家安全战略的制定发挥着重要作用,它可以帮助国家对外政策制定者认清国家所处的安全环境,并针对该环境制定相应的政策与战略。上世纪60、70年代以来,一些东南亚国家,特别是越南、菲律宾以及马来西亚依靠国土邻近之便开始占领南海诸岛屿,并对所占岛屿周边海域进行了能源开采与开发。特别是南沙岛屿,逐渐地被周边各国分割,呈破碎状状态。这些国家之间以及中国多次因为岛屿主权的归属、领海海域的划分以及能源开发产生摩擦,甚至武装冲突。进入21世纪以后,南海争端逐渐出现了两个新的形势：一是东盟逐渐介入南海争端,东南亚国家也利用东盟整合着利益与力量,在南海争端中以一个声音说话,与中国展开了数次谈判,并在2002签订了《南海各方共同宣言》。二是美国等地区外大国逐渐介入南海地区事务,加强在该地区的军事力量,同时在南海争端中逐渐地与东南亚相关国家展开了包括军事领域在内的多项合作。论文以南海争端为研究对象,试图从地缘政治的角度来研究南海地缘政治格局的演变,从而探究其对中国国家安全的影响,并提出相应的对策。论文首先是导论,主要包括问题的提出及选题意义、国内外研
究综述、论文的逻辑思路与研究方法等内容。第一章将对地缘政治理论进行界定,在这里将对地缘政治、地缘政治格局两个概念进行界定,并对地缘政治理论的历史演进进行梳理,从而对地缘政治理论提炼出地缘政治理论基本的分析框架,即找出地理因素与政治因素两个核心变量来分析全球或地区国际关系,接下来将归纳出地缘政治中的几个基本规律。沿着这个框架下文将对南海地区地缘政治状况进行分析。第二章开始将分析南海地缘政治中的东南亚国家的因素,首先将说明南海地区的地理状况,与南海争端的起源,随后将以南海周边国家(在这里以越南、菲律宾、马来西亚为主)为分析对象,来分析各国的南海政策与互动；然后将分析当前南海地缘政治中的新形势——东盟逐渐加强对南海地区事务的干预,最后将分析南海周边国家介入南海争端的原因。第三章将研究地区外大国对南海地区势力的渗透以及干预,这里以美国为例。首先将分析美国在南海地区政策演变的历史,然后将从地缘政治视角分析美国逐渐加强对该地区干预的原因,最后将分析美国对南海地区事务的介入对南海地区安全的影响,即在多大程度上改变了原来的地区权力格局与地区安全形势。第四章将研究中国在这种地缘政治格局下维护其南海安全所应采取的对策,首先要说明南海对于中国国家安全的重要意义,然后将分析当前南海地缘政治格局对中国国家安全的挑战,最后将提出中国的对策。最后是结语部分,将在对全文内容进行总结的基础上提出对今后南海地缘政治发展的展望。
【英文摘要】Geopolitical theory has a history of hundred
years. In different periods there are quite different mainstream theories, such as the sea power theory of Alfred Mahan, land power theory of Halford John Mackinder and rimland theory of Nicholas John Spykman. Evolution of geopolitical theory illustrates that research on the international relationship in the sphere of geographical conditions is the constant focus of geopolitical theory. The greatest significance of geopolitical theory is to help foreign policy makers to make strategies and policies regarding to the national security, by which security circumstances can be probed.Since the 1960s and 1970s, some Southeast Asian countries, especially Vietnam, Philippine and Malaysia began to occupy the islands in South China Sea by the convenience of distance. Also they began to explore the energy resources in the sea area around. Spratly islands are the most controversial areas, which were divided by these countries. For several times, conflicts and even wars broke out due to the disputes of sovereignties of islands, ownership of sea area and the exploration of oil and energy. In the 21st century, there are two new trends in this issue. One is ASEAN began to involve in the South China Sea dispute. Represented by the interests of Southeast Asian countries, ASEAN mainly negotiate with China
in terms of the disputes in the South China Sea. In
2002,Declaration on the conduct of parties in the South China Sea was signed by ASEAN and China. The other is the engagement of great powers like U.S outside this region. By strengthening its military power and cooperation with Southeast Asian countries, U.S indeed plays pivotal role in this region, though it is far away from this region.This thesis tries to probe the geopolitical theory in the South China Sea dispute, by doing the research on evolution of geopolitical structure in South China Sea and detect its influence on Chinese national security. Accordingly, some possible solutions will be provided.Firstly is the Introduction to this paper, which is mainly consists of purpose and valuation of the study, achievement and present situation of the study, the framework and the research methodology of this paper, and so on. The first chapter is the introduction of theory. Firstly the thesis will define two items:geopolitics and geopolitical structure, then the evolution of geopolitical theory will be introduced. Based on that, analysis skeleton will be taken out as well as two main variables:geography and politics. Also the inter-relationship of these two variables will be analyzed. In the last part of this chapter some main roles of geopolitical study will be
analyzed. The second chapter will do the research on the factors of Southeast Asian countries in the issue of geopolitics of South China Sea. In the first part of this chapter the evolution of South China Sea dispute will be introduced. Then the thesis will analyze the policies of Southeast Asian countries like Vietnam, Philippine and Malaysia. Also ASEAN’s involvement will be included. Finally the reasons for their policies will be analyzed. The third chapter will do the research on the engagement in the South China Sea of great powers from outside. Here U.S will be my research objective. Firstly the thesis will introduce the history of the engagement of U.S in this region. After that the reasons for its engagement will be analyzed in the perspective of geopolitics. Finally the influence of its engagement will be introduced. In another words, to what extent the power distribution and security environment have been changed. The fourth chapter of this thesis will do some research on China’s counter measures according to the geopolitics in South China Sea. Firstly the thesis will analyze China’s security interests regarding to the South China Sea dispute. Then the challenges and influences of geopolitics of South China Sea towards China will be introduced. Finally, the solutions will be provided. In the conclusion part of the thesis,
based on the summary of the content, the thesis will also
predict the future of South China Sea geopolitics.
【关键词】地缘政治南海争端国家安全
【英文关键词】Geopolitics South China Sea Dispute National Security
【目录】南海地缘政治与中国国家安全中文摘要
8-10ABSTRACT10-11导言12-23一、问题的提
出及选题意义12-13二、国内外研究综述13-21三、论
文的逻辑思路与研究方法21-23第一章地缘政治理论及其基
本规律23-33一、地缘政治相关概念23-25二、地缘政
治理论的发展脉络25-27三、地缘政治的双重属性
27-29四、地缘政治的基本规律29-33第二章南海地
缘政治与东南亚相关国家的南海政策33-44一、南海地区地理
概述33二、南海争端的由来与东南亚相关国家的南海政策
33-38三、东盟的南海政策以及对南海地缘政治格局的影响
38-40四、东南亚相关国家与东盟南海政策背后的动因
40-44第三章南海地缘政治与地区外大国——以美国为例
44-52一、美国南海政策的演变44-47二、美国介入南
海地区事务的原因47-50三、美国南海政策对南海地区安全的
影响50-52第四章南海地缘政治格局下维护中国国家安全的
对策52-60一、南海对于中国国家安全的重要意义
52-55二、南海地缘政治格局对中国国家安全的影响
55-57三、中国维护南海地区安全的对策57-60结语60-62参考文献62-67致谢67-68攻读硕士期间发表的论文68-69学位论文评阅及答辩情况表69