被动语态
一、被动语态的构成
二、被动语态使用注意点
1.主动表示被动的几种情况
①不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词有：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook,lock, wash 等。
This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。
These books sell well.这些书好卖。
The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。
Meat wo n’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。
The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。
②一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。
The apples taste good.这些苹果尝起来味道不错。
The flower smells wonderful.这花闻起来很不错。
The news proved/turned out true.这消息后来证明时真的。
Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来很软。
③主语+need/want/require表示需要被……的时候，常用动名词的主动式表示被动或用不定式的被动式。The car needs repairing.=The car needs to be repaired.这车需要修理。
④be worth doing表示某事值得去做。
The Great Wall is worth visiting.长城值得一游。
2.常见没有被动语态的动词（短语）
leave,enter,reach,become,benefit,cost,equal,contain,last,lack,fit,fail,have,appear,happen,occur,belong to,take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, lose heart
The Second World War broke out in 1939. 第二次世界大战爆发于1939年。
Our class consists of 50 students.我们班由50个学生组成。
3.常用被动语态的固定句型
It is believed/said /reported/hoped/supposed that…据信/据说/据报道/人们希望/人们认为……
It must be pointed out that…必须指出……
It is generally considered that…一般认为……
It is well known that…大家都知道……
It must be admitted that…必须承认……
4.某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义
a．当nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。
如：Japanese is not difficult to learn．日语并不难学。（指日语被学）
The water is unfit to drink．这水不适合喝。（指水被喝）
The piece of music is pleasant to hear．这首音乐听起来很悦耳。（指音乐被听）
This book is easy to read．这本书读起来很容易。（指书被读）
b．当动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。如：I have a lot of work to do today．我今天有很多工作要做。（work to do指被做的工作）He has three children to look after．他有三个孩子要照看。（children to look after指孩子被照看）
注意：如果以上句型用动词不定式的被动形式，其含义有所区别。如：I have some clothes to be washed．我有些要洗的衣服。（衣服不是自己洗）
c．在there be．．．句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动或被动式，其含义没有什么区别。
如：There is a lot of homework to do（to be done）．有很多家庭作业要做。
There are some clothes to wash（to be washed）．有些衣服要洗。
5.表示感官意义的连系动词如smell，feel，taste，look，sound等在句子中常表达被动含义。
如：How nice the music sounds！这音乐听起来多悦耳！
Good medicine tastes bitter．良药苦口。
Our school looks more beautiful than before．我们学校看上去比以前更漂亮了。
6 在主动语态中,使让动词(make,have,let)和感官动词(see, look,watch,notice,listen,hear,feel,find)后必省略to,但在被动语态中必须加上to
例:在教室里我们听见他唱了这首歌
We heard him sing this song in the classroom. → He was heard to sing this song by us in the classroom.
They watched the children sing that morning．→The children were watched to sing that morning．
The engineer made the robot clean the windows of the high building.→The robot was made to clean the windows of the high building.
时态与语态混合考查
对于各种时态的被动语态形式的考查，解题时都可以分两步进行：一是根据上下文或所给时间判断时态；二是根据该动词与主语之间的关系判断语态。
①I like these English songs and they _______many times on the radio.
A. taught
B. have taught
C. are taught
D. have been taught
【解析】答案为D。句意：我喜欢这些英语歌曲，它们在收音机里已经被教过多次了。此处用现在完成时态表示结果，且应该用被动形式。
②I got caught in the rain and my suit________.
A. has ruined
B. had ruined
C. has been ruined
D. had been ruined
【解析】答案为根据句意，首先应断定是被动语态，即“衣服被毁”；再根据动作发生的时间顺序，即“先遇上雨，后衣服被毁”，故选has been ruined。如果选D的话，则表示“衣服先被毁，后遇上雨”，很明显逻辑上不对。
③If Newton lived today, he would be surprise by what _________in science and technology.
A. had discovered
B. had been discovered
C. has discovered
D. has been discovered
【解析】答案为D。理解句子的意思可知，前面的过去时是虚拟语气现象所导致，所以不影响宾语从句的时态。后面的意思显然是：迄今为止在科技上的发现。所以用现在完成时态。
④—What’s that noise?
—Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine ________.
A. was tested
B. will be tested
C. is being tested
D. has been tested
【解析】答案为C。根据上文的问话“What’s that noise?”说明回话应该是“机器正在被检测”所发出的噪声，故选C项。
⑤—I don’t suppose the police know who did it.
—Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and ______now.
A. has been questioned
B. is being questioned
C. is questioning
D. has questioned
【解析】答案为B。根据时间状语now可判断出用现在进行时，表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态。a man 是question的动作的承受者，所以要用被动语态，表示正在被审讯。
⑥He ________as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics.
A. regarded
B. was regarded
C. has regarded
D. had been regarded
【解析】答案为B。首先可以判断是被动语态，排除A、C选项。根据句意义“他因为在奥林匹克里获得了金牌而被认为是国家的英雄。”是“过去”发生而不是“过去的过去”所发生的事，故选B项。
⑦When he turned professional at the age of 11,Mike_____to become a world champion by his coach and parents.
A. expected
B. was expecting
C. was expected
D. would be expected
【解析】答案为C。前面的时间状语从句用的是一般过去时，所以主句也要用过去时态。（教练和父母期望Mike成为一名世界冠军，即他被期望），Mike作主语要用被动语态。
⑧At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement_______.
A. has been reached
B. had been reached
C. has reached
D. had reached
【解析】答案为B。句意：在会议结束时，一项协议被宣布已达成。达成协议表达为“reach／come to／arrive at an agreement”。而协议已被达成应该用被动语态，不知这一点容易误选D；而协议是在宣布之前已经达成，应用过去完成时态，不注意就会误选A。
⑨In a room above the store, where a party _______,some workers were busily setting the table.
A. was to be held
B. has been held
C. will be held
D. is being held
【解析】答案为A。be to do sth意为“将做某事”，表示按计划或安排做某事。a party是hold动作承受者，所以要用被动语态。再根据所提供的情景some workers were busily setting the table可判断出要用过去时态，表示过去的某个时候将要发生的事。句意：在商场楼上的房间里，一些工作正忙着摆放桌子，在那里将要举办一个聚会。
⑩—Your job ______ open for your return.
—Thanks.
A. will be kept
B. will keep
C. had kept
D. had been kept
【解析】答案为A。一般将来时表示将要发生的事。keep是延续性动词，用一般将来时表示将一直持续下去。表示在回来前工作一直被保留着。keep与your job是动宾关系，所以要用被动语态。
11.(全国卷I)His sister left home in 1998, and since.
A. had not been heard of
B. has not been heard of
C. had not heard of
D. has not heard of
【答案】B
【解析】根据下句“她妹妹从1998年到现一直没有音信（被听说过）”来判断，此处应该用现在完成时态。句意：他的姐姐1998年离家，到目前没有人听到过她的消息。主语是他的姐姐，应用被动语态，又是到目前为止，所以应选择B。
12.（北京卷）The way the guests ___ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.
A. treated
B. were treated
C. would treat
D. would be treated
【答案】B
【解析】The guests 与treat之间是被动的关系，并且动作已经发生，所以用一般过去时的被动形式。
13.（上海卷）During the period of recent terrorist activities, people _____ not to touch and unattended bag.
A. had always been warned
B. were always being warned
C. are always warning
D. always warned
【答案】B
【解析】根据时间状语可知是指过去，be always doing sth.能表示一种感情色彩,并且人们与警告之间是被动的关系，所以答案为B项。
14.（福建卷）—Why does the Lake smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water .
A. have polluted
B. is being polluted
C. has been polluted
D. have been polluted
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态，语态和主谓语一致。根据前一分句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，时态用现在完成时，动词与主语是被动关系，用被动语态。主语是large quantities of water，其中心词是quantities，是复数，谓语动词用复数，选D项。
15.（江苏卷）—Hi, Terry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?—Sorry. .
A. It’s repaired
B. It has been repaired
C. It's being repaired
D. It had been repaired
【答案】C
【解析】据题意，computer是正在被修。
16. (全国I卷)The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _______.
A. is made
B. would make
C. was to be made
D. had made
【答案】C
【解析】根据选项此题考察时态和语态。make fortune译为“发财”，make在句中需要使用被动形式，因此排除B和D，题干中led提示时间为过去，因此选择C。be to do译为“将会将要”，was to be made表示过去将来。句意：在澳洲金矿的发现使千百人相信将会发财。
17.(全国II卷15)Linda，make sure the tables ____ before the guests arrive.
A. be set
B. set
C. are set
D. are setting
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词set的用法和被动语态。Set a table摆放桌子，tables为主语，故用被动结构。make sure 后一般接宾语从句。
18.(湖南卷)This coastal area ___________a national wildlife reserve last year.
A. was named
B. named
C. is named
D. names
【答案】A
【解析】根据主语“This coastal area”与name之间的被动关系排除B、D两项。根据句中的last year判断用一般过去时，故选A项。
19.(陕西卷)It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area.
A. are being built
B. were being built
C. was being built
D. is being built
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。由时间状语at present可知此处动词表示的动作正在进行，主语与所填词是被动关系；many a+名词单数做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，由此可知本题选D项。
20.(四川卷)You’ve failed to do what you to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you.
A. will expect
B. will be expected
C. expected
D. were expected
【答案】D
【解析】句中you与expect存在被动关系，首先排除C。又有have failed提示应是过去你被期盼做的事，故应为过去时，正确答案为D项。
21.(天津卷)Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _______ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.
A. are exhibiting
B. is exhibiting
C. are being exhibited
D. is being exhibited
【答案】C
【解析】因为2010年上海世博会现在还在进行着，所以像剪纸一样的天津传统民间艺术品也是“正在被展览”，所以用现在进行时态的的被动语态形式。句意：象剪纸一样的天津民间传统艺术品正在2010上海世博会的文化展览中展出。
22.（北京卷）Experiments of this kind _______ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.
A. have conducted
B. have been conducted
C. had conducted
D. had been conducted 【答案】 D
【解析】句意为“就在二战爆发前，美国和欧洲都进行过这种实验。”首先考虑语态，主语experiment与conduct构成动宾关系，谓语使用被动形式。题干中出现the second war是过去的时间点，before the second war 是过去的过去，因此使用过去完成时。选D项。
23.（上海卷）After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _____ four days later.
A. rescued
B. was rescued
C. has rescued
D. had been rescued
【答案】B
【解析】首先考虑应该用被动语态。排除AC选项。再者题干中没有过去的过去的时间概念，故排除D项。句意：在一次暴风雨中失踪以后，海军中的一员四天后得救了。
24.（四川卷）All visitors to this village _________ with kindness.
A. treat
B. are treated
C. are treating
D. had been treated
【答案】B
【解析】表示经常性或习惯性的动作，用一般现在时。来访者与招待存在着被动关系。由于没有交代过去时间，had been treated过去的过去不能用。因此选B。句意：所有到这个村子的来访者都会受到善意的接待。
25.（天津卷）In the last few years thousands of films __________ allover the word.
A. have produced
B. have been produced
C. are producing
D. are being produced
【答案】B
【解析】in the last few years在过去的几年时间里，其实是从过去算到现在，是现在完成时的标志。选B项。句意：在过去的几年时间里，全世界制作了成千上万部电影。
26.（天津卷）On the next birthday. Ann ________married for twenty years.
A. is
B. has been
C. will be
D. will have been
【答案】D
【解析】her next birthday是将来的时间，for twenty years是个时间段。将来完成时表示持续到将来某
时的动作或状态，故选D项。句意：等到下次生日的时候，Ann结婚有二十年了。
27.（湖南卷）In the near future, more advances in the robot technology ________by scientists.
A. are making
B. are made
C. will make
D. will be made
【答案】D
【解析】in the near future表明了将来的时间，more advances与make主谓关系上存在着被动，故选D。句意：在不久的将来，科学家将会在机器人技术上取得更大的进展。
28. —Why does the lake smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water ________.
A. have polluted
B. is being polluted
C. has been polluted
D. have been polluted
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态、语态主谓一致。名词被quantities of修饰作主语时，其谓语动词用复数形式；从文中湖水的气味难闻，知水已被污染，即强调的是结果和影响。综上所述选D项。
29. —I have just received another message, telling me I have won a big prize.
—Don’t jump on it. You ________.
A. should be cheated
B. are being cheated
C. are cheating
D. must have cheated
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——我刚刚收到了一条信息，说我中了大奖。——别信，骗你呢。由句子知选B项。
30. I remember having met him at my brother’s birthday party, but we then.
A. were not introduced
B. did not introduce
C. haven’t introduced
D. hadn’t been introduced 【答案】A
【解析】根据时间状语then可知动作发生在过去，再根据we和introduce之间的被动关系可知
A为正确答案。
31.—_____ the sports meet might be put off.
—Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A. I’ve been told
B. I’ve told
C. I’m told
D. I told
【答案】A
【解析】根据答语可知动作产生的影响，由此可知空格处应该是现在完成时，又因为I和tell
之间为被动关系，因此选A。
32.Tell John not to leave the house unless he that the lights ______ .
A. will make sure, turn off
B. makes sure; are turned off
C. will make sure; will turn off
D. makes sure; will be turned off
【答案】B
【解析】第一空在条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时；第二空所有的灯被关掉。
33.— Will you attend the press meeting to be held this afternoon?
—But I ______ anything about it.(2010?甘肃天水市三中高三月考)
A. wouldn't be told
B. am not told
C. haven't told
D. haven't been told
【答案】D
【解析】用现在完成时的被动语态来强调现在我还不知道此事。
34.T he vegetables didn’t taste very good. They ________too long.
A. had been cooked
B. were cooked
C. had cooked
D. cooked
【答案】A
【解析】cook发生在didn’t taste very good 之前，且与主语之间有被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。
被动语态自我检测 Name _______________ I. 将下列句子改为被动语态： 1. People make paper from wood. 2. A car knocked him down yesterday. 3. The workers are painting the wall white. 4. My brother often makes me do this or that. 5. I can’t find the magazine you lent me last week. 6. We know that England is an island country. 7. He told us a long and interesting story last night. 8. Students listen to the teacher carefully in class. II. 下列句子有错吗？有的请改正： 1.The dish is tasted delicious. ____________ 2.Jack was seen take away your umbrella. ____________ 3.So far many tall buildings were built in the nearby cities. ____________ 4.This passage is well worth being read. ____________ 5.This kind of book sells well. ____________ 6.The kids are taken good care in this kindergarten. ____________ 7.The accident was happened near the park last night. ____________ 8.The task will be finished in two weeks. ____________ III. 用括号内的动词填空： 1. The window ______________ (break) when I got there. 2. These pictures must _________ (keep) well. 3. She _________ (fall) ill last night, and she _________(take) to the hospital at once. 4. Rice and wheat ____________(grow) in my hometown, too. Look! The Crops ____________(grow) fast in the fields. 5. _________ the street lights usually ______(turn) on at seven in summer evening ? 6. It __________ (say) that Mr. Li twisted his ankle badly last night. ________ the doctor __________(send) for at once ? 7. We used a teapot before the thermos(暖水瓶) __________(invent). 8. What language __________(speak) in Japan ? 9. A new bride _____________(build) this time last year. 10. The doctor said Jim must ___________(operate) on at once. 11. A lot of trees ______________(plant) along the river in the following two years. 12. A lot of tall buildings _____________(set up) since last year.
语态是表示主语和动词之间的主动关系或被动关系的动词形式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者（施动者），被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者（受动者）。本单元的语法是一般将来时态的被动语态，现就其用法归纳如下： 一、一般将来时态的被动语态的基本结构的构成： 1．一般将来时态的被动语态的肯定式为：主语+shall / will + be done。(shall 用于第一人称，will用于各种人称) 如：We shall / will be punished if we break the rule. 如果我们违反规定，我们将要受到惩罚。 The new film will be shown next Thursday. 这部新电影将在下周四上映。 2．一般将来时态的被动语态的否定式为：主语+shall / will + not + be done.（可缩写成shan’t或won’t）如： The meeting won’t be held tomo rrow. 明天不再举行会议。 The exhibition won’t be put off till next week.
展览会将不会推迟到下周。 3．一般将来时态的被动语态的一般疑问句句式：shall / will+主语+be done。（回答用yes或no）如： Won’t water be turned into ice, i f it is below freezing temperature? 如果气温在冰点之下，水难道不会变成冰吗？ ---Will the work be finished at once? ---Yes, it will. ---这项工作会立刻被完成吗？---是的，立刻就完成。 4．一般将来时态的被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词+ shall / will + 主语+ be done。如： When will these books be published? 这些书将在什么时候被出版？ 二、一般将来时态的被动语态的其他结构构成： 1．主语+be going to +be done Some old buildings are going to be put down. 一些旧的楼房将被推倒。 The problem isn’t going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.
被动语态（2） 5. 带双宾语、带复合宾语的动词以及带表语的连系动词 带双宾语的动词： A 1). give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. (给某人某物) 2).offer sb sth= offer sth to sb (向某人主动提供某物) 3).hand/ pass sb sth = hand / pass sth to sb (递给某人某物) 4).tell sb sth =tell sth to sb (告诉某人某事) 5).write sb. sth = write sth to sb (给某人写封信) 6).show sb sth = show sth. to sb (给某人看某物) 7).post sb. Sth. = post sth. to sb. (给某人邮寄某物) 8).promise sb. Sth. = promise sth. to sb. (答应某人某事) 9).sell sb. Sth. = sell sth. to sb. (卖某物给某人) 10).send sb. Sth. = send sth. to sb. (送（寄给）给他一件礼物) 11).return sb. Sth. = return sth. to sb. (还给某人某物) 12).teach them a song (教某人一首歌) 13).read sb. letter = read a letter to sb. (给他读一封信) 14).wish sb. good luck.(祝愿某人交好运) 15). bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb.把某物给某人带来 16). lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb.把某物借给某人 17). supply sb sth.=supply sth. to sb.给某人提供某物 B 1).buy sb. Sth. = buy sth. for sb. (给某人买某物) 2).draw sb. a picture = draw a picture for sb. (给某人画画) 3).make him a cake = make a cake for him (给他们做蛋糕) 4).sing him a song = sing a song for him (给他唱首歌) 5).provide sb. sth.=provide sth. for sb.给某人提供某物
模块八动词的被动语态 (1)被动语态定义：被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。 如果主语是动作的执行者(即某人做某事),便叫主动语态； 如果主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被动语态。 主动与被动的区别不是词序的区别,而是主语与谓语意义上的区别。 在英语中只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态的形式。 (2)英语中被动语态由“助动词be +动词的过去分词”构成。助动 词be有时态、人称和数的变化。被动语态后的by短语有时可 (1) 被动语态的用法： ①不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省 略by短语。 如：A man was killed in the accident.(一个人死于事故) This window was broken yesterday.(这扇窗子是昨天被打破的) ②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。 如：Rice is also grown in this place.(这个地方也种水稻) A railroad will be built here in three years.(三年之后这里
将要修建一条铁路) ③强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。 如：It was written by Lu Xun.(它(书)是鲁迅写的) A pet dog is never killed by its owner.(宠物狗是不会被主 人宰杀的) (2) 主动语态如何改写为被动语态： + 受者) + (动作的承受者) (be +过去分词) (动作的执行者) (3) 注意点： ①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。如： His teacher gave him a dictionary. →He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典 →他得到老师一本字典) 也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出 原句的间接宾语。 如：His teacher gave him a dictionary. →A dictionary was given to．． him by his teacher.(老师给他一本 字典→一本字典由老师送给了他) /His father made him a kite. →A kite was made for ．．．him by his father.(他的父亲给他做了一个风筝→一个风筝由他的父亲做给了他) ②“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to. 如：The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day. →The poor man was made to．． work 12 hours a day.(老板让这个可怜的人一天工作12小时→这个可怜人被迫一天工作12小时)
英语语法：被动语态的用法 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去 分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. 我们教室每天都被打扫。 I am asked to study hard. 我被告知要努力学习。 Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来切东西的。 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分 词 A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。 Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 恐龙蛋被放置了很久很久。 3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. 我们城市将要修建 一家新医院。 Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年会种更多的树。 4. 现在实行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动 词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自 行车。
They are planting trees over there. → Trees are being planted over there by them. 他们在那里种植的树木。 5. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书被翻译成多种文字。 Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 在很多国家有很多人造卫星被送上了太空。 6.过去实行时的被动语态构成：was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词 The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.当他的父母赶到医院的时候这个男孩正在做手术。 The new road was being made.这条新路正在修筑。 7.过去完成时的被动语态构成：had + been + 及物动词的过去分词 The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came. 在老师来之前，教室尚未打扫。 The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema.在门票被销售一空前我赶到了电影院。 8.将来完成时的被动语态构成：shall/will + have done
被动语态2 I. 主动语态转换成被动语态时应注意的一些结构： 1. 双宾语结构（主语+谓语+间宾+直宾） He gave me a pen. 1)I was given a pen. (用主动句中的间宾作主语) 2) A pen was given to me. (用主动句中的直宾作主语---注意：这种改法需要添加介词) He showed me some photos. 1) I was shown some photos. 2) Some photos were shown to me. 请仿照例子改写以下的句子： They lent me some money. She bought them some apples. Father has told us the story. 2. 宾补结构(主语+谓语+宾语+补语) 2.1 现在分词作宾补： We found him lying in bed. He was found lying in bed. I saw John watching TV in his room. John was seen watching TV in his room. 请仿照例子改写以下的句子： Someone saw David playing football at the playground. Someone found Jimmy dating with a pretty girl. 2.2 不定式作宾补： The teacher encouraged us to work hard at English. We were encouraged to work hard at English. The policeman didn’t allow the driver to park his car there. The driver wasn’t allowed to park his car there. 请仿照例子改写以下的句子： Jim’s parents asked him to clean the kitchen. The school authority requests the students to wear school uniforms. The company required the candidates to present themselves 15 minutes before the interview begins.
英语被动语态用法详解(1) 一、单项选择被动语态 1．— Can we play basketball in the school gym? — No, it ______ during the summer holidays. A．is repaired B．is being repaired C．was repaired D．has been repaired 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态语态。句意：--我们可以在学校操场上打篮球吗？--不行，暑假期间操场正在被修葺。根据句意可知，这里是表示正在进行，所以要用现在进行时。主语it和动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。故选B。 2．________scores of times, but Derek still couldn’t understand how to use past participle in a concrete situation. A．Having explained B．Having been explained C．Though it was explained D．It was explained 【答案】D 【解析】 因为有连词but，前面应是完整的句子，排除A,B; Though不能和but同时使用，所以选D。 3．(江苏四校第四次考试)The flood has caused a lot of damage to that area and the figures of the missing________shortly. A．will be published B．have been published C．had been published D．are published 【答案】A 【解析】 考查时态。shortly不久，不多时，在句中作时间状语，表示将来，所以空处应该用将来时。句意为：这场洪水给那一地区造成了很大损失，失踪人数很快就会公布。 答案：A 4．(桂林部分学校高三质量检测)The wet weather will continue tomorrow，when a cold front________to arrive. A．will be expected B．is expecting C．expects D．is expected 【答案】D 【解析】 考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：预计将有一股冷锋到来，因此潮湿的天气明天将会继
被动语态注意问题 ⑴含有使役动词（make /let /have）或感官动词（hear ,see, listen to ,look at ,find ,watch, feel等）的句子，在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带to的动词不定式，但是在改成被动语态时，则一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to,也可不带to, 但在被动语态中也必须把to加上去。 例：①Mother often makes me do homework. →I am often made to do homework by mother. ⑵teach ,give ,pass ,show ,buy, tell等动词常常带有两个宾语（双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语），改为被动语态时，两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语（一般是人）前要加相应的介词to/for。例： ①She gave me a book.= She gave a pen to book. →I was given a book by her. →A book was given to me by her. ②My father bought me a MP3.= My father bought a MP3 for me. →I was bought a MP3 by my father. →A MP3 was bought for me by my father. [3]含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态。（宾补放在原来位置不变） 例：①We call him Xiao Ming. 主谓宾宾补 →Ｈe is called Xiao Ming by us. ②He found the novel very interesting. →The novel was found very interesting by him. [4] 没有被动语态的动词： 1. 没有被动语态的词，表示状态或特征的及物动词如cost, fit, have, suit等没有被动形式，另外，像happen = take place, break out(爆发)，break down(坏了)
初中英语语法：被动语态 概念：英语有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者或发出者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。 构成：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成； 助动词be有人称、数及时态的变化； 含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成 被动语态的否定式是在助动词后加否定词not；而疑问式是将助动词移到主语前面即可Stamps can be used for sending letters. 邮票能用来寄信。 He was asked to go to the meeting immediately. 他被要求立刻去参加这个会议。 This kind of bike is not made in Tianjin. 这种自行车不是天津制造的。 Is this kind of bike make in Tianjin? 这种自行车是在天津制造的吗？ 用法1.当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁或没有必要知道时，常用被动语态。 These desks are made of wood. 这些桌子是由木头做成的。 2.当需要强调动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。 Dictionaries can’t be used in the English exam. 词典不能在英语测试中使用。 3.为了使语气婉转、避免提到自己或对方、或由于修饰的需要而使用被动语态。 The homework must be handed in next Monday. 作业必须下周一交上。
被动语态的转换步骤：当主动语态变为被动语态时，通常要经过四步： 1.先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其谓语动词。 2.把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变成被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词时，应把宾格 变为主格 3.把主动句中的谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，但时态不能改变。 4.把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语（没必要说出动作的执 行者时可略去“by+宾语”），若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变成宾格。 We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。 主动语态变被动语态应注意：1.时态要一致。 I wrote a letter to my pen pal yesterday. (一般过去时) A letter was written to my pen pal yesterday (by me). They will discuss the plan at the meeting. 2.含双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动结构变为被动结构时，可将其中一个宾语变 为主语，另一个不变；如果将主动结构的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，这时一般要加个介词to或for。My parents gave me a watch. I was given a watch by my parents. A watch was given to me by my parents. His father bought him a computer last week. 3.在主动语态中，使役动词如make，let，have或感官动词如hear，watch，see后跟 不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态里必须带to。 My parents often made me babysit my little sister .
句容二中被动语态专项练习二 一、把下列句子变为被动语态（20分） 1. People speak English in many countries. 2．He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble. 3．We saw a bus running towards us at that time 4.We heard her sing at the party last Sunday. 5.You must take good care of the children. 6.He wrote a book on computers. 7.We planted millions of trees last year. 8.She told me about it just now. 9.They are preparing for the exam. 10.People may use English everywhere in the world. 二、选择填空（32分） ()1.The strange thing was used ______ wine（酒）by ancient（古代的）people. A.for drink B.to drink C.drinking D.drinked ()2.Today,too many trees are still _____ in the world. A.cutting down B.cut down C.being cut down D.cutted down ()3.English _____ in many countries,but Chinese _____ their own languages. A.is spoken,speaks B.speaks,is spoken C.is spoken,speaken D.is spoken,is spoken ()4.This kind of apple ______ in Jinzhou. A.is grown B.grow C.grew D.are grown ()5.These young trees must ______ after well. A.look B.looks after C.be looked D.looked ()6.My coat is made _____ cool（羊毛）and silk. A.to B.for C.from D.of ()7.Our teacher was seen ______ to the office a moment ago. A.go B.to go C.going D.goes ()8.The Oxford Castle（城堡）_____ by Henry·H(1154-1189).It is in very good condition now. A.built B.was built C.has been built D.is built ()9.Ice can be _____ water.
、将下列句子变为被动语态 1. They will build a road here. 2. My father is mending my bike now. 3. What did you say at the meeting? 4. We must finish our homework first. 5.Shall we water the flowers? 6. People often see her read in the open air. 7. My mother bought me a new pair of shoes. 8. Did he break the window? 9. We should take good care of the trees. 10. T he children don ' t play basketball well. 二、单项选择 1. ____________________________ Thousands of trees every day. A. are cut down B. are being cut down C. have been cut down D. had been cut down 2. _______________ Football in most middle schools in many countries. A. play B. plays C. is playing D. is played 3. He a warm welcome at the station. A. was given B. gave C. was giving D. has given 4. _______________ The room again tomorrow afternoon. A. will be cleaned B. will clean C. is cleaned D. cleans 5. _________________________ All the answers already. A. have been found out B. have found out C. are found out were found out D. 6. _________________________ A dinosaur show at the museum next week. A. are to be held B. is to be held C. are holding D. will hold 7. _________________________ The Great Wall all over the world. A. are known B. is known C. will be known D. knows 8. _________________ The bird fly away yesterday. A. let to B. is let to C. was let D. was let to 9. Water ____ into ice under 0C. A. will change B. can be changed C. should change D. must be changed
一、选择题 1．—Why didn’t you come to Jenny’s birthday party yesterday? —Because I________. A．didn’t invite B．isn’t invited C．wasn’t invited D．haven’t invited 2．My brother _____ to read by my mother when he was very young. A．teaches B．is taught C．was teaching D．was taught 3．Too much water________ every day in the world. We should save it. A．wasted B．are wasted C．is wasted D．was wasted 4．Think carefully before deciding who ________. A．invites B．is invited C．will be invited D．will invite 5．This special pen _________ for writing large size words. A．use B．uses C．is using D．is uesd 6．A new zoo in our town center next month. I think it will be a good place for the teenagers to see the animals. A．build B．will build C．will be built 7．—Zheng Yuan, why did you go on a vacation to Weifang? — You know I'm a fan of kites. The international kite festival _____there in April every year. A．is held B．was held C．will be held 8．Fenghua teaching building _______ 17 years ago. A．built B．is built C．builds D．was built 9．Mike, you can go out if your homework ________. A．finish B．finishes C．will finish D．is finished 10．—The park is the oldest one in our city. —Yes. it _______ when I was sixteen years old. A．is built B．was built C．build D．built 11．-Can he get the first prize for running? -Impossible now. He _______ so, but he has just hurt his leg. A．would expect to do B．was expected to do C．has expected doing D．is expected doing 12．Young trees ________ every year to keep the sand away from the city and make the environment better and better. A．were planted B．have planted C．will plant D．are planted 13．—I won’t go to the party unless Sue __________ , too. —You mean if Sue comes you’ll come? A．will invite B．invites C．invited D．is invited 14．This kind of iPad________ in our shop. It________very well and many young people like it. A．sells; sells B．is sold; sells C．sells; is sold D．is sold; is sold 15．In the future, more and more high-speed railways ________ in China.
英语语法被动语态归纳总结 一、单项选择被动语态 Don't worry. The hard work that you do now _____ later in life.1．was being repaidBAwill be repaid ．．was repaidDChas been repaid ．．A【答案】【解析】later in life意为在以后的生活试题解析：考查时态辨析。根据句子末尾出现的时间状语that you do nownow在句中，可以判断为将来时态，此处要注意的是不要被前文的混淆，the hard work的定语成分，与句子时态无关。故此处为将来时态。句意：不要担中充当A。心，你现在付出的努力在以后一定会有所回报。故选考点：考查时态辨析。 2 A human case of H7N9 was reported in 2014 when a woman______ to be infected with the ．bird flu virus.had been confirmedconfirmed BA．．have confirmedDCwas confirmed ．．C【答案】【解析】2014H7N9年，当时，一名女性被确诊感病毒的报告发生在试题分析：句意：一例人感染was reported in 2014Confirm可知，是过去的事情，先行染了禽流感。证实，确认，根据confirmwoman2014BD是动宾关系，即她、与词是，定语从句也用一般过去时，排除；C。是被确诊的，故选考点：考查时态与被动语态 3()The flood has caused a lot of damage to that area and the figures of 江苏四校第四次考试．the missing________shortly.have been publishedBAwill be published ．．are publishedChad been published D．．A【答案】【解析】shortly不久，不多时，在句中作时间状语，表示将来，所以空处应该用将来考查时态。时。句意为：这场洪水给那一地区造成了很大损失，失踪人数很快就会公布。A答案： The affairs of each country should be by its own people.4．settledAelected B．．containedCdeveloped D．．B【答案】． settle，【解析】考查动词。句意为：各国事务应由自己国家的人们解决。由句意可知，选Bcontain electdevelop “”。选举；。意为包含，控制。故选解决发展； Will Uncle Peterson come to my birthday party tomorrow?—5．Pity he ______ to Zimbabwe as a volunteer teacher.—has been sentwas sent BA．．would be senthad been sent DC．．B【答案】——Peterson——很【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：叔叔明天会来参加我的生日聚会吗？ZimbabweUncle Peterson被派到去做志愿教师了。由语境可知，可惜他已经被派到Zimbabwe这是发生在过去的事情，这个动作对现在产生了影响，故该空应用现在完成时Bhesend选项正确。和之间是被动关系，故该句要用被动语态。综上，态。且主语 6The singer's music video nearly 9 million times since it was posted on the Internet four ．weeks ago.has viewedBAviewed ．．has been viewedCwas viewed D．．D【答案】【解析】B. was viewedA. viewed过去式的被试题分析：考查动词时态与语态辨析。，一般过去式；D. has been viewedC. has viewed，现在完成式的被动语态。句意：，现在完成式；动语态；9百自从四个星期前这位歌手的音乐视频被放在互联网上，这个视频的访问量达到了将近music videosincehas done 是被从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时万次。形式，又因D。访问的，故要用被动语态。故选考点：考查动词时态与语态辨析。 7Later Mrs Smith decided to buy that kind of cloth because she_________ that the cloth ．_________very well.had been told; washedBAhas been told; washes ．．had been told; was washedDCwas told; was washed ．．B【答案】【解析】考查时态与感官动词。主句时态为过去时，而从句时态发生在主句之前，即过去的过去，feel, smell, look, wash等表示感官的动词不用被动语态，直接用主动语故用过去完成时。像: washed随后史密斯夫人决定买那种布，因为有人告态，结合前面时态可知，应选。句意B。诉她那种布很好洗。故选
?.被动语态 动词语态（Voice）是表示动词主语与动词所表示的动作之间关系的?种动词形式。动词语态有两种：主动语态（T he Act ive Voice）和被动语态（T he Passive Voice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执?者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。动词被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成。 ? 能?于被动语态的动词特征 1．只有及物动词才能?于被动语态。例如： T he poem was writ t en by him. 这?诗是他写的。 A new element has been discovered by t he scient ist. ?个新元素已被这位科学家发现。2．注意某些及物动词语态的正确使? （1）表示情感的动词 excit e 使…激动，int erest 使…产?兴趣，sat isfy 使…满意，delight 使…?兴，please 使…?兴，ast onish使…惊奇，puzzle 使…困惑，confuse 使…糊涂，embarrass 使…尴尬，annoy 使…不悦，amaze 使…惊异，等。 例如： T he news excit ed us. 消息使我们激动。 We were excit ed at t he news. 听到消息我们很激动。 T he int erview sat is?ed t he manager. 访谈使经理满意。 T he manager was sat is?ed wit h t he int erview. 经理对访谈很满意。 （2）表示受伤的动词hurt, injure, wound。例如： T he driver hurt himself in t he accident. T he driver was hurt in t he accident. 驾驶员在事故中受伤。 T he bullet wounded his back. He was wounded in t he back. 他背部被?弹打伤。 （3）其他动词如base 以…为基础，line 沿…排列，?ll 使…充满，separat e 使…分离，crowd 塞满，cover 覆盖，等。例如： He based his ?lm on a t rue st ory. His ?lm was based on a t rue st ory. 他的影?以?个真实故事为基础。 Green t rees line t he highway. T he highway is lined wit h green t rees. 绿树沿公路排列。 She covered t he ?oor wit h a red carpet. T he ?oor was covered wit h a red carpet. 地板上铺着红地毯。 T he st rait separat es t he island from t he mainland. T he island is separat ed from t he mainland by t he st rait. 海峡把岛和?陆隔开。 ? 不能?于被动语态的动词特征 1．不及物动词不能?作被动语态