英语阅读常考1000词
force,暴力强迫enforce,实施执行reinforce,加强report,报道scope,（活动）范围spirit,精神decline,下降climate,气候地带accuse,（~sb of ）指责afford,担负的起anxiety,担心渴望atmosphere,大气气氛blame,责备bargain,讨价还价calculate,计算circle,循环confidence,信心conscious,有意识的清醒的convince,使确信（I am convinced you are right 我确信你是正确的）custom,习俗海关desperate,绝望的危急的encourage,鼓励discourage,劝阻economic,经济的economy,经济motive,动机promote,提升emotional,感情的motion,运动fail to,flat,平的一层install,安装intimate,知己a.内心的v.暗示limit,限制major,主要的no matter,不管……neutral,中立的outlet,出口销路perform,实行表演inform,通知告诉formal,
正式的normal,正常的正规的radiate,发射光线表现（Her face radiates happiness.她脸上露出了愉快的神情）authority,当局companion,伙伴concept,观念概念create,创造creature,生物dentist牙医,identify,识别使等同于identical,一致的identity,一致engage,使从事于约束（engagement约定）entitle,是某人有做某事的资格（His talent entitled him to command.他的才能使他有资格指挥。）evaluate,评价（estimate 估计）fluid,液体influence,影响fortune,运气fulfill,完成履行general,一般的将军intense,强烈的极度的interpret,解释说明翻译justice,公平adjust,调整judge,审判minor,少数的observe, 注意到观察遵守deserve,值得（This matter deserves thought.这件事值得考虑）preserve,保护保存（preservative 防腐剂）parallel,['p?r?lel]平行的类似的percept,认知stuff,原料材料东西
surroundings,环境背景transport,运输transmit,传送transform,变换改变undergo,经受忍受wander,徘徊流浪开小差wonder,想知道widespread,广泛的ambition,野心抱负approach,接近brief,短暂的摘要conquer['k??k?,征服result,结果consult,与……商量咨询顾及（Let us consult about the vocation plan.让我们商量一下假期计划吧。Consult your own wishes in this matter.考虑在此事中你自己的愿望。）insult,侮辱deliberate,深思熟虑的故意的缓慢的despair,n.&vi.绝望（of）compare,比较emergence,出现浮现（emerge v.出现暴露）emergency,紧急情况establish,建立exhaust,用尽expand,扩张（expend v.花费）fade,褪色衰弱下去frustrate[fr?s'treit],挫败破坏使落空（The rain frustrated our plans for a picnic.下雨使我们的野餐计划落空了）handy,手边的轻便的incredible,难以置信的
inherit,[in'herit]继承conference,会议infer,推断offer,提供interfere[,int?'fi?],干涉（His parents seldom interfere in his plans.他的父母很少干涉他的计划。）length,长度manufacture,生产mood,情绪necessity,必要性noble,高尚的occasion,时机场合v.引起（Jerry occasioned the quarrel by his impolite remarks.杰瑞不礼貌的话语引起了争吵。）occasional,偶尔的output,产量输出overseas,海外的pattern,样式plunge,投入practice,实践练习practical,实用的实际上的recognize,认出release,释放rescue,营救maintain,坚持remain,仍然……obtain,获得entertain,招待使快乐rural,乡村的urban,城市的similar to,相似trial,试验尝试（They succeeded in the experiment on the fifteenth trial.他们在第十五次试验时获得了成功）trail,拖拽跟踪痕迹witness,目击者absolute,绝对的
acc umulate,累计in advance,提前advanced,先进的高级的advantage,优点agent,代理商appeal,（to）吸引（This idea appealed to Marry.这主意正和玛丽心意。）application,申请point,点appoint,制定任命approximately[?'pr?ksimitli],大约barrier,障碍claim,主张climate,气候complicate,使复杂（The child’existence complicated the matter considerably（相当大的）.这孩子的存在是问题大为复杂）comprise,包含由……组成considerable,值得考虑的（重要的）相当的resume,简历重新（We resumed our seats after the intermission（中断休息）.休息过后我们重新回到了座位）consume,用尽消费毁灭（She consumed most of time in reading.她把大部分时间用在读书上/The fire consumed half of the village.大火毁了半个村）assume,假定假装contact,联系交往v.与……联系convince,使确
信（I am convinced you are right.我确信你是对的。）crew,全体船员一伙人crucial,决定性的紧要关头define,解释下定义definite, 界限明确的确切的deliver,邮递disaster,灾难（disease 疾病）disorder,使紊乱diverse,[da?'v?s]不同的economic,经济的alert,警觉的exert,行使使用（exert all your power 使出全力）facility[f?'siliti],能力熟练流畅（He has great facilities in learning language.他很有学习语言的才能。/He writes with facility.他书写流畅）faith,诚实faithful,忠诚的gap,间隙sympathy,同情慰问trace,痕迹图形跟踪描绘track,行踪小路visual,看得见的视觉的，视力的；栩栩如生的vision,视力视野worship,礼拜尊严apparatus,[,?p?'reit?s]设备器官机构brand,商标烙印civil,市民的国内的文明的clarity,清澈declare,发表声明combine,使结合connect,连接consider,考虑认为insert,插入
desert,沙漠的抛弃drown,溺死external,外部的外用的frank,率直的坦白的press,压impress, 使铭记在……上打记号pressure,压力depress,使郁闷express,表达indispensable,不可缺少的inspect,审查检查respect,尊敬prospect,眼界风景期望perspective,观点peculiar,
[pi'kju:lj?]独特的奇怪的particular,独特的likely,可能的inquire,询问调查require,需求acquire,获得取得request,n.请求请求之事result,结果consult,咨询insult,侮辱spray,喷喷雾announce,宣布pronounce,发音apparent,明显的表面的boundary,边界frontier,边界crash,粉碎破产debate,争论decrease,减少increase,增加reduce,减少include,包含conclude,推断终止决定exclude,拒绝排斥federal,联邦的firm,固定的公司forecast,预报foresee,预知grateful,感激的
integrate,与……结合起来divide, individual,fence,栅栏defence,防御保卫offend,冒犯portion,一部分proper,合适的property,财产reputation,名声restrict,限制禁止loyal,忠诚的royal,极好的王的spot,污点地点terminal,终点的末尾的alter,改变alternate,交替的备用的alternative,concrete,具体的实际的consequent,必然的n.结果explode,爆破推翻explore,探索exploit,功绩hesitate,犹豫imagine,想象influence,影响innocent,清白的guilty,有罪的内疚的persuade,说服possess,拥有sample,样品support,支持vital,生死攸关的致命的burden,负担elect,选举select,选择collect,收集collective,集体的contribute,贡献distribute,分配区分attribute,把某事归因于……abuse,滥用prejudice,偏见avoid,避免escape,逃跑capture,俘虏捕获compete,竞争比赛effort,
努力enthusiasm,热心热情involve,使卷入使忙于（Do not involve me in your quarrel.别把我卷入你们的争吵）evolve,逐步形成（How do you evolve this very personal and original style.你是怎样逐步形成这种个性且富有独创性的风格的）imply,暗示包含reply,答复multiply乘,issue,结果成绩颁布发行物modify,变更修改occur,发生opponent,对立的反对者prefer,偏好refer,归因于（He referred all his troubles to bad luck.他把他的所有麻烦都归因于坏运气）（to）涉及publish,发行punish,惩罚rate,比率award,v.奖励reward,报酬奖励shelter,庇护所保护skim,略读in spite of,尽管temporary,暂时的vehicle,车辆ancestor祖先associate,（with）把……和……联系起来refuse,拒绝confuse,混淆使慌乱describe,描述display,展示due to,由于error,错误essential,本质的必须的fresh,新鲜的
obvious,明显的visible,可见的显著的invisible,看不见的不显眼的previous,以前的recall,召回撤销使想起relate,关联联系soil,土壤污物spoil,损坏糟蹋（The rain spoiled our picnic.这场雨把我们的野餐弄得一团糟。）stimulate,激励刺激suffer,承受tense,紧张的accompany,陪同analyze,分析conflict,冲突convenient,方便的derive,得来得到（He derives great pleasure from stamp collecting.他从集邮当中获得了很大的乐趣。）deprive,剥夺使sb.不能享受of thrive,茁壮成长兴旺dominate,支配统治（Spain once dominated the seas。西班牙曾是海上霸主）element,成分要素元素gallery,走廊阳台听众interval,间隔（The interval between the two posts measures 30 metres.两根柱子之间的距离是30米）lock,锁lack,缺乏match,火柴ideal,理想的reality,现实ignore,忽视ignorant,无
知的愚昧的independent,独立的inspire,注入使感悟鼓舞motion,运动动机promote,提升remote,遥远的偏僻的（She tought in a remote village.她曾在一个遥远的山村教书。）motive,动机numerous,许多的大群的relevant,有关的有重大意义的实质性的retreat,退却隐退straight,一直的suicide,自杀trick,诡计戏法weigh,称量tempt,诱惑冒……的风险attempt,企图contract,合同attract,吸引引诱candidate,候选人commercial,商业上的贸易的communicate,通信contain,包含coordinate,同等的respond,答复correspond,相当（于）与……一致emphasis,强调重要性enclose,围起包围focus,聚焦instinct,本能investigate,研究调查（Scientists investigate the nature.科学家研究自然。）invest,投资manner,方式mere,只不过nerve,神经过敏忧虑
勇气（I am always in a state of nerves on the eve of an examination.临考前夕我总会非常紧张。）political,政治的policy,政策reliable,可靠地resemble,类似（She was not beautiful；she didn’t resemble her mother.她长得不漂亮，不像她妈妈。）assemble,收集装配shape,sophisticate,[s?'fistikeit]老于世故的stain,玷污strain,强迫使紧张symbol,象征triumph,['trai?mf]（The football team achieved a complete triumph.球队赢得了一场完胜）upright,笔直的正直的vigorous,精力充沛的benefit,受益profit,益处利润characterize, 表示……的特性circumstance,环境chain，链条store, concentrate,集中delegate,代表委派diligent,勤奋的dispute,反对estimate,估计评价factor,因素intentional,故意的occupy,占据inject,注射reject,拒绝丢弃呕吐object,物体目标（objective客观的
subjective主观的）project,工程项目v.设计subject,n.主题科目 a.易遭受……的（to）（subjective主观的）scenery,['sin?r?]风景布景survive,幸存revive,苏醒恢复temper,脾气vary,变化accelerate,加速behave,行为表现运转concern,涉及使关心continue,持续deny,否定distance,距离insure,保险invade,侵略侵袭mature,成熟的成年人的mental,思想的monitor,监视器班长mysterious,神秘的neglect,忽略purpose,目的raw,生的refresh,使清新使恢复remove,拿走使退出restore,复原resort,热闹场所胜地scarcely,几乎不specific,特殊的专门的target,靶子目标alarm,警报approve批准赞成, certify,证明（The two witnesses must certify that this is your signature.这两位目击者必须证明这是你的签名。）certificate,执照文凭frost,霜fund,资金基金（fond 喜好）genuine,
['d?enjuin]真诚的不做作的intend,打算material,材料memory,记忆primitive,原来的基本的propose,提议计划（He proposed building a bridge across the river.他提议在河上建座桥。）ruin,毁坏shadow,阴影contrary,（on the contrary相反地）sufficient,充分的accent,口音强调actually,事实上adequate,适当的足够的anxious,焦虑的attach,贴上使附着awkward,棘手的有毛病的budget,预算capture,俘虏捕获channel,频道circulate使循环,community,社区共同体company,公司consent,vi.&n.同意赞成cooperate,合作干……cultivate,耕种培养陶冶（She cultivated her mind by reading，她通过阅读来修身养性。）depart,分离出发devote,贡献dismiss,解雇去除（She dismissed the idea of going to Paris。她打消了去巴黎的念头）distant,远的enhance,提高eventually,终于fierce,凶猛的强烈的
manage,设法管理overnight,通宵passion,热情激情（They sang with great passion.他们满怀激情的歌唱）passive,被动的postpone,推迟progress,进步pursue,追赶追求react,重做render,使得给予（His stammer rendered him unfit for a teaching job.他的口吃是他不宜担任教职。）sense,感觉意识到treat,对待treaty,条约协定capacity,容量civilian,市民平民compel,强迫contradiction,矛盾反驳crack,敲碎curiosity,好奇心departure,出发背离devise,设计发明device,设备secure,安心的可靠地accurate,准确的精确的depend,依靠distinguish,区别plain,平的complain,抱怨explain,解释说明financial,财政的hurt,伤害injure,伤害harm,伤害destroy,毁坏ruin,毁灭instruct,指示命令告知construct,构成structure,构造isolate,隔离labor,劳动力task,工作任务
overlook,瞭望忽略overcome克服, resist,抵抗insist,坚持要求state,情况州supreme,[s?'pri:m]最高的极度的（The Pope is the supreme leader of Roman Catholic Church.教皇是罗马天主教的最高领袖。）superior,较高的volume,体积absorb,吸引account,计算考虑achieve,完成达到universal,普遍的convert,变换转换reverse,颠倒翻转apply,申请applicable,合适的applicant,申请人application,申请broad,广泛的board,板委员会cancel,取消casual,偶尔的cancer,癌症classify,分级comfort,安慰是安逸submit,使服从（We will submit ourselves to the court’s judgments.我们将听从法庭的判决。）permit,允许emit,发出complex,复杂性conduct,行为举动constant,固定的core,核demand,需求command,命令指挥comment,评论commend,委托（commend sth. in
one’s care委托某人照管某物）mental,精神的内心的recommend,推荐劝告mention,提到design,设计signal,信号significant,重要的protect,保护detect,发现（-ive 侦查用的侦探）point,点appoint,约定任命appointment,任命指定disappoint, duration,持续durable,持续的employ,雇佣excess,超过exceed,超出success,成功succeed,成功process,过程proceed,继续false,错误impose,强迫indicate,指示predict,预言opportunity,机会personal,个人的pose,姿势dispose,处理expose,使暴露suppose设想,oppose,反对compose,组成impose,强迫deposit,放置储蓄poison,毒药（prison监狱）poverty,贫穷缺乏cautious,小心的prove,证明是improve,改善record, relieve,缓和减轻（This fund is for relieving distress among the flood victims.这笔款项是为了解救洪水灾民
的困苦。）sincere,忠诚的troop,军队（The enemy troops withdrew.敌军撤退了。）upset,使心烦意乱violent,激烈的welfare,福利abundant,放弃advocate,提倡者affect,v.影响effect,n.作用effective,有效地实际上efficient,效率高的campaign,战役cause,原因引起commission,命令component,n.&a.成分组成的content,满足的使满足intention,打算crisis,危机（The economic crisis lasted for several years.经济危机持续了好几年。）critic,批评critical,批评的destination,目的地discard,抛弃discipline,纪律anticipate,预期participate,参与principal,首要的principle,原则familiar,熟悉feature,特色feasible,可行的（It was not feasible to built a bridge at that point.在那地方建桥是不可行的）indifferent,无关紧要的（It is quite indifferent to me whether you go or stay.你去或留对我都
不重要。）provide,提供recover,恢复standard,标准thorough,彻底的
morally,道德上（I am morally under
obligation to do the best I can by her.我
在道义上有责任尽量善待她。）virtually,实际上deal with,cope
with,处理doubt,怀疑execute, ['eksikju:t]实施（The government had difficulty in executing the policy.政府实
行这项政策有困难。）density,密度corporation,公司currency,货币流通(The japanese yen is one of the stronger currencies in the world.日元是世界上较坚挺的货币之一。These ideas have gained great currency.这种思想已得到了广泛传播)current,现在的通用的（This note is no longer current.这种纸币不流通。）demonstrate论证countless,无数的discount,折扣extraordinary,非凡的graduate,毕业gradually,逐渐的precious,宝贵的非常precise,准确的appreciate,感激
reluctant,不愿意的勉强的（She was reluctant to give her money away.她不愿意把钱给别人。）unwilling,不愿意sharp,尖锐的shape,形状source,根源原因strength,加强length,长度supply,提供drop,丢弃降低endure,承受evident,明白的enormous,巨大的intensive,加强的preference,偏爱produce,生产reflect,反射scale,刻度等级semester,学期shift,转换talent,天资本事threat,恐吓typical,典型的vain,徒劳的volunteer,志愿者accomplish,完成analysis,n.分析assist,援助persist,vi.坚持insist, resist,抵抗consist,（of）由……组成colony,殖民地confront,面对conventional,习用的常见的（“Good morning”is a conventional greeting.早安是一句常用的问候语。）descend,下降donate,捐献elementary,初步的eliminate,消除（Our goal is to eliminate poverty.我们的目标是消除贫困。）
Unit1 1.背离传统需要极大的勇气 1) It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. 2.汤姆过去很腼腆，但这次却非常勇敢能在大庭广众面前上台表演了。 2) Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience. 3.很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是很可取的。 3) Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age. 4.假设那幅画确实是名作，你觉得值得购买吗？ 4) Assuming (that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy/purchase it? 5.如果这些数据统计上市站得住脚的，那它将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。 5) If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating. Unit2 1.该公司否认其捐款有商业目的。 1) The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.
Unit5 Beyond Babies不要孩子 在雅典市中心繁华的柯诺那基广场的时尚的初音岛咖啡店里，三十多岁或四十出头的希腊语专业人员沉浸在冰卡布奇诺咖啡里，过奢侈的生活。他们最喜欢谈论的话题是，当然，关系：男子不愿承诺，女性的独立，何时有孩子，或者说，逐渐是否有他们所有。“随着时间的推移，我有一个孩子的机会越来越小，37岁的行政助理美联社新闻社说。“但我不会只是因为要一个孩子而嫁给任何人。”她热爱她的工作，并从她那些紧密团结、志同道合的朋友那里得到她的社会支持，对于希腊年轻人来说，这些朋友渐渐充当了家人的角色。“如果在45岁，我仍然膝下无子，我会考虑要一个自己的孩子，”她说。但这并不意味着她个人成就取决于它。 在几十年前，Petropoulou和她的朋友们可能已经被认为是，嗯，奇怪的。希腊被称为欧洲最传统的社会，在那里东正教的对于结婚和繁衍的严格戒律当道。.强大的社会和宗教禁忌的标记是像不能怀孕的老处女一样的妇女无子，和对中年男子性偏好单一的怀疑。渐渐地，在一代人期间，由于诸多因素，包括女性接受更好的教育和就业选择以及希腊融入欧盟的主流文化，那种严格的社会限制基本上已经消失了。结果是：结婚率低于欧盟的平均水平，并在每名妇女生育平均为1.3，是世界上最低的生育率。这样的年轻希腊人，如果时间恰当拥有孩子是不错的。但他们肯定不是必不可少的。 在希腊，和世界上大部分地区，在激增的人口数下，有孩子们不再是一个想当然的事情。“在许多社会里从未有过无子女的女性和男性是合法的现象。”，研究在伦敦经济学院研究此现象的凯瑟琳哈基姆说。在像瑞士和新加坡、加拿大和韩国这类迥异国度中发生了急剧的社会变迁，年轻人把生育推迟到30好几，甚
1 While some studies have suggested that frequent use of cell phones causes increased risk of brain and mouth cancers, others have found no such links. But since cell phones are relatively new and brain cancers grow slowly, many experts are now recommending taking steps to reduce exposure. by bruce stutz 一些研究显示，经常使用手机会增加得脑部和口腔癌症的几率。有的研究却没发现两者之间有什么联系。但是，手机算是个新兴事物，而脑癌发展也缓慢，许多专家还是建议减少使用手机。 2 Does your cell phone increase your risk of brain cancer? Does it affect your skin or your sperm viability? Is it safe for pregnant women or children? Should you keep it in your bag, on your belt, in your pants or shirt pocket? Should you use a hands-free headset? Are present cell phone safety standards strict enough? 手机会增加得脑癌的几率吗？会不会影响皮肤或者精子活性？使用手机对孕妇或孩子安全吗？应该把手机放在哪，包里、衣服口袋，还是挂在腰带上？打电话的时候要用耳机吗？现在的手机安全标准够不够严？ 3 You don’t know? You’re not alone. 你不知道？这很正常。 4 With some 4 to 5 billion cell phones now in use worldwide and hundreds of studies seeking evidence of their health effects published in peer-reviewed journals over the last 10 years, there’s precious little scientific certainty over whether cell phones pose any danger to those using them. For nearly every study that reports an effect, another, just as carefully conducted, finds none. All of which leaves journalists, consumer advocates, regulatory agencies, politicians, industry spokespersons, and cell phone users able to choose and interpret the results they prefer, or ignore the ones they don’t. 如今，全世界共有40-50亿手机正在使用。过去十年里，成百上千的研究也在致力于寻找手机影响健康的证据，并在相关刊物上发表论文。但还没有确凿的证据能证明，使用手机损害健康。几乎没有研究发现手机对健康有不良影响。但这还是没影响到政治家、新闻记者、管理机构、产业发言人、消费者保护团体，还有消费者自己，选择他们喜好的结果去理解，忽略不喜欢的那些。 5 Do you, for instance, cite the studies that report adverse effects on sperm viability and motility, due to exposure to cell phone radiation or the studies that showed no —or mixed —results? 6 Do you cite the 2001 study that found increased incidence of uveal melanoma (a cancer of the eye) among frequent cell phone users, or the 2009 study by the same authors that, in reassessing their data, found no increase? 2001年的研究显示，常用手机的人患葡萄膜黑色素瘤（一种眼内癌症）几率会增大。2009年这些研究员又发表报告称，他们再分析当年的数据时，又不能确
1.alter v. 改变,改动,变更 2.burst vi./n. 突然发生,爆裂 3.dispose vi. 除掉；处置；解决；处理(of) 4.blast n. 爆炸；气流vi. 炸,炸掉 5.consume v. 消耗,耗尽 6.split v. 劈开；割裂；分裂 a.裂开的 7.spit v. 吐（唾液等）；唾弃 8.spill v. 溢出,溅出,倒出 9.slip v. 滑动,滑落；忽略 10.slide v. 滑动,滑落n. 滑动；滑面；幻灯片 11.bacteria n. 细菌 12.breed n. 种,品种v. 繁殖,产仔 13.budget n. 预算v. 编预算,作安排 14.candidate n. 候选人 15.campus n. 校园 16.liberal a. 慷慨的；丰富的；自由的 17.transform v. 转变,变革；变换 18.transmit v. 传播,播送；传递19.transplant v. 移植20.transport vt. 运输,运送n. 运输,运输工具 21.shift v. 转移；转动；转变 22.vary v. 变化,改变；使多样化23.vanish vi. 消灭,不见 24.swallow v. 吞下,咽下n. 燕子 25.suspicion n. 怀疑,疑心 26.suspicious a. 怀疑的,可疑的https://www.doczj.com/doc/5518786632.html,d a. 温暖的,暖 和的；温柔的,味淡的 28.tender a. 温柔的；脆弱的29.nuisance n. 损害,妨害, 讨厌（的人或事物） 30.insignificant a. 无意义 的,无足轻重的；无价值的 31.accelerate vt. 加速,促 进 32.absolute a. 绝对的,无 条件的；完全的 33.boundary n. 分界线,边 界 34.brake n. 刹车,制动器v. 刹住（车） 35.catalog n. 目录（册）v. 编目 36.vague a. 模糊的,不明 确的 37.vain n. 徒劳,白费 38.extinct a. 绝灭的,熄灭 的 39.extraordinary a. 不平常 的,特别的,非凡的 40.extreme a. 极度的,极 端的n. 极端,过分 41.agent n. 代理人,代理 商；动因,原因 42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮 料,酒精 43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁,恳求 44.appreciate vt. 重视,赏 识,欣赏 45.approve v. 赞成,同意, 批准 46.stimulate vt. 刺激,激励 47.acquire vt. 取得,获得； 学到 48.accomplish vt .完成,到 达；实行 https://www.doczj.com/doc/5518786632.html,work n. 网状物；广 播网,电视网；网络 50.tide n. 潮汐；潮流 51.tidy a. 整洁的,整齐的 52.trace vt. 追踪,找到n. 痕迹,踪迹 53.torture n./vt. 拷打,折 磨 54.wander vi. 漫游,闲逛 55.wax n. 蜡 56.weave v. 织,编 57.preserve v. 保护,保存, 保持,维持 61. abuse v. 滥用,虐待；谩 骂 62. academic a. 学术的； 高等院校的；研究院的 63. academy n. （高等）专 科院校；学会 64. battery n. 电池（组） 65. barrier n. 障碍；棚栏 66. cargo n. （船、飞机等 装载的）货物 67. career n. 生涯,职业 68. vessel n. 船舶；容器, 器皿；血管 69. vertical a. 垂直的 70. oblige v. 迫使,责成；使 感激71. obscure a. 阴暗, 模糊 72. extent n. 程度,范围,大 小,限度 73. exterior n. 外部,外表 a. 外部的,外表的 74. external a. 外部的,外 表的,外面的 75. petrol n. 汽油 76. petroleum n. 石油 77. delay vt./n. 推迟,延误, 耽搁 78. decay vi. 腐烂,腐朽 79. decent a. 像样的,体面 的 80. route n. 路；路线；航 线 81. ruin v. 毁坏,破坏n. 毁灭,[pl.]废墟 82. sake n. 缘故,理由 83. satellite n. 卫星 84. scale n. 大小,规模；等 级；刻度
Text 1. Do we need extra vitamins? Many people believe that taking vitamin supplements is the best safeguard（保护、保卫）against the dangers of an incomplete diet, but this should be ①a last resort (最后手段)rather than a way out of a problem. Even if there is a genuine（真实的，真正的；诚恳的）need for extra vitamins, then sooner or later the question arises（出现；发生；站立）"which ones do I need, how much of them, and how often?" There is really no simple answer to this question. The Food Standards Committee guardians②保护者of our laws on food purity, labelling（标记，贴标签；标明）and advertising clams（保持沉默，闭嘴不言）and descriptions) suggest in their recent report to the government that we do not need any extra vitamins. They say that they are "not necessary for a healthy individual个人的；个别的； 独特的 个人，个体eating a normal diet". Whilst同时；时时，有时；当… 的时候few of us would challenge their authority on the subject of nutrition it is, perhaps, pertinent相关的，相干的；中肯的；切题的to ask the question "how many of us are healthy, and what is a normal diet? "There is an element of doubt in many minds about these two aspects方面；方向；形势；外貌and though few people are familiar熟悉的；常见的；亲近的with the wording措辞；用语；语法of the
Why We're Fat 1 So why is obesity happening? The obvious, clichéd-but-true answer is that we eat too much high-calorie food and don't burn it off with enough exercise. If only we had more willpower, the problem would go away. But it isn't that easy. 为什么会有肥胖症？一个明显、老生常谈但又真实的答案就是我们吃太多高热量食物并且没有进行足够的运动消耗它。要是我们的意志力更强大，这个问题便迎刃而解了。但是，问题并不是那么简单。 2 When warned about the dangers of overeating, we get briefly spooked and try to do better. Then we're offered a plateful of pancakes smothered in maple syrup, our appetite overpowers our reason, and before we know it, we're at it again. Just why is appetite such a powerful driver of behavior, and, more important, how can we tame it? 当我们被警告说吃得太多的时候，一时总会被吓倒并努力做好一些。然后一碟涂满槭糖浆的煎饼摆在面前，我们的食欲战胜了我们的理智，等到我们意识到它的时候，我们又重蹈覆辙了。到底为什么食欲具有如此强大的推动力？更重要的是，我们怎么才能够控制它？ 3 Within the past few years, science has linked our ravenous appetites to genes and hormones. Among the hormones that fuel these urges are ghrelin and leptin, known as the "hunger hormones." Ghrelin is produced mostly by cells in the stomach lining. Its job is to make you feel hungry by affecting the hypothalamus, which governs metabolism. Ghrelin levels rise in dieters who lose weight and then try to keep it off. It's almost as if their bodies are trying to regain the lost fat. This is one reason why it's hard to lose weight and maintain the loss. 近几年来，科学将我们迫不及待要吃的食欲跟基因和激素联系起来。激起这些强烈的欲望的激素有胃促生长素和消瘦素，也被称作“饥饿激素”。胃促生长素主要由胃保护层的细胞产生。它的职责是影响控制新陈代谢的下丘脑，让你感到饥饿。当节食者减肥并且努力维持减肥效果，他的胃促生长素水平就会升高。就像他们的身体要试图恢复失去的脂肪。这是为什么很难减肥并维持减肥效果的原因之一。 4 Leptin turns your appetite off and is made by fat cells. Low leptin levels increase your appetite and signal your body to store more fat. High leptin levels relay the opposite signal. Many obese people have developed a resistance to the appetite-suppressing effects of leptin and never feel satisfied, no matter how much they eat. Basically, your body uses these hormones to help you stay at your weight and keep you from losing fat —which is another reason why dieting can be so difficult. 消瘦素消除你的食欲，它来自脂肪细胞。低消瘦素水平增加你的食欲并通知你的身体储存更多的脂肪。高消瘦素水平传递相反的信号。很多肥胖的人已经形成了一种对消瘦素抑制食欲效应的抵抗，不管他们吃多少也从不感到满足。从根本上说，你的身体利用这些激素帮助你保持现在的体重，不让你的脂肪流走——这是节食如此之难的另外一个原因。
高考英语阅读必看常考词与短语force enforce, reinforce, report, scope,spirit , decline, climate,lend to, accuse,afford,anxiety, atmosphere,blame,bargain, calculate,circle,confidence, conscious,convince,custom, desperate,encourage,discourage, economic,economy,motive, promote ,emotional,motion, fail to,install,flat, intimate,limit,major, no matter,neutral,outlet, perform,inform,formal, normal,radiate,authority, companion,concept,create, creature,dentist,fluid identify, identical,identity,engage, entitle, evaluate,influence, fortune,fulfill,general, intense,interpret, justice,adjust,judge,minor, observe,deserve,preserve, parallel,percept,stuff, surroundings,transport, transmit, transform,undergo,wander, wonder, widespread,ambition,approach, brief,conquer,result, consult,insult,deliberate, despair,compare,emergence, emergency,establish,exhaust, expand,fade,frustrate, handy,incredible,inherit, conference,infer,offer, interfere,length,manufacture, mood,necessity,noble, occasion,occasional,output, oversea,pattern,plunge, practice,practical,recognize, release,rescue,maintain, remain,obtain,entertain, rural,urban,similar to, trial, trail,witness,absolute, accumulate,in advance, advanced,advantage, agent,appeal,application, point,appoint,approximate, barrier,claim,climate, complicate,comprise, considerable,resume, consume,assume,contact, convict,crew,crucial, define,definite,deliver, disaster,disorder,diverse, economic,alert,exert, facility,
必修二 Unit1 IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM寻找琥珀厅Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country's best artists about ten years to make. 弗雷德里克?威廉?我,普鲁士国王,从未想像过这恩赐与俄罗斯人会令人惊喜的历史。这个礼物,琥珀屋的,赐给这个名字,因为好几吨的琥珀被用来制造它。琥珀被选有一个美丽的黄棕色的颜色就像蜂蜜。房间的设计是别致的流行的日子。这也是一种珍惜用金子来装饰和珠宝,将国家的最好的艺术家们大约10年了。 In fact, the room was not made to be a gift. It was designed for the palace of Frederick I. However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room became part of the Czar's winter palace in St Petersburg. About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors. 事实上,这个房间没有是作为礼物送人的。它是设计出用于弗雷德里克的宫殿。然而,普鲁士的下一任国王弗雷德里克威廉?我、就是琥珀属于,决定不去保持它。在1716他给了彼得最重要的东西。作为回报,沙皇送给他一群他最好的士兵。所以琥珀房成了沙皇的一部分在圣彼得堡冬宫。大约四米长,房间作为一个小接待大厅为重要的游客。 Later, Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it. In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. Almost six hundred candles lit the room, and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is now missing. 后来,凯瑟琳二世琥珀屋的搬到一座宫殿外面圣彼得堡她在她的夏天。她告
Lesson 1 1. Yesterday’s terrorism darkened, marked and forever altered the way Americans live their lives. 昨日发生的恐怖主义活动使美国人的生活暗淡无光，在他们的生活中留下了印迹，并永远地改变了他们的生活。 2. “We are going to have to learn what a lot of other countries have gone through: to manage fear at a cultural and national level,” said Charles Figley, a professor of trauma psychology at Florida State University. “We’re getting a lesson in the way fear works.” 佛罗里达州立大学创伤心理学教授查尔斯?费格里说:“我们得学一学其它许多国家曾经经历过的东西，那就是从文化上和在全国范围内来应对恐惧。”他还说:“我们正在体验恐惧是怎样起作用的。” 3. In a country long proud and even boastful of its openness—a country where an ordinary citizen can stroll through the U.S. Capitol unescorted—the terrorist attacks are likely to force Americans to a lot of that. Metal detectors now mark the front door of many government buildings, and security guards are a fixture in the lobby of most large office buildings. 美国是一个一向以开放自豪甚至洋洋得意的国家，在这里，人们可以独自在美国国会大楼中闲庭信步，而现在，恐怖袭击很有可能迫使美国人处处小心，惶惶不可终日。其实我们很大程度上已经是这样了。许多政府大楼的前门装设的金属探测器已然成为一道风景线，大部分的办公大楼里也必备保安。 4. But retaliation carries the risk of setting off a tightening spiral of violence and counterviolence not unlike the Middle East or Northern Ireland. Unlike countries that have had to learn to live with violence,”We are new at this,” said Florida’s Dr. Figley, who heads a project that has trained trauma teams in Yugoslavia.”My fear is we will overreach and make things worse rather than better by retribution, revenge, racism and marginalizing ethnic groups.” 报复有很大的危险，会引发和在中东及北爱尔兰一样的紧张的暴力和反暴力的恶性攀升。与那些不得不在暴力中学习如何生存的国家不同，“我们是新手，”曾在南斯拉夫训练过创伤急救队的项目负责人费格里博士说，“我所担心的是惩罚、报复、种族主义和排斥少数民族的举动会过于偏激，适得其反。” 5. Fear of terrorism is likely to lead Americans to tolerate more government surveillance—such as overhead video cameras at sporting events—than they have to date. “It’s very likely in the wake of today’s events that we’re going to see a greater acceptance on the public’s part—and on the court’s part—to approve certain kinds of police tactics,” said William Stuntz, a Harvard Low School professor. 对于恐怖主义的恐惧会使美国人接受比现在更多的来自政府的监控，例如在运动竞赛场上高架的摄象机。哈佛大学法学院教授威廉姆斯?斯汤资说，“经过目前前这些事件，我们将发现，无论是公众，还是法庭，都会在更大程度上接受某些警察的策略。” Lesson 5 戴维先到一步，事后他气愤地向我发难说当他告诉领班准备和谁一起吃饭时，领班的语气骤然逆转。一瞬间就从“这是个什么人？”变成“这边有请，先生。”当我们赶到时，拍照的人已经在饭店外忙个不停了。戴维开始嘲笑我是伦敦这家高级饭店里的知名人物。这时，我俩向屋内望去并同时看到了我们的偶像。
核电与核辐射 1986 年4 月26 日，切尔诺贝利核电站的一个反应堆发生爆炸，将相当于400 颗广岛原子弹的放射性尘降物散布到整个北半球。在此之前，科学家对辐射对植物和野生动物的影响 几乎一无所知。这场灾难创造了一个活生生的实验室，尤其是在这个被称为禁区的1100 平方英里的区域。 1994 年，德州理工大学生物学教授罗纳德·切瑟和罗伯特·贝克是首批获准完全进入该区域的美国科学家之一。“我们抓了一群田鼠，它们看起来和野草一样健康。我们对此非 常着迷。”贝克回忆说。当Baker 和Chesser 对田鼠的DNA 进行测序时，他们没有发现 异常的突变率。他们还注意到狼、猞猁和其他曾经稀有的物种在这片区域游荡，仿佛这里 是原子野生动物保护区。2003 年由一组联合国机构建立的切尔诺贝利论坛发表了声明一份关于灾难20 周年的报告证实了这一观点，称“环境条件对该地区的生物群落产生了积极 影响”，将其转变为“一个独特的生物多样性保护区”。 五年前，贝克和切塞尔在这片区域搜寻田鼠。Mousseau 到切尔诺贝利去数鸟，发现了与之相矛盾的证据。穆萨乌是南卡罗莱纳大学的生物学教授，他的合作者安德斯·佩普·穆 勒现在是巴黎南方大学生态、系统学和进化实验室的研究主任。他们发现该地区家燕的数 量要少得多，而那些存活下来的家燕则遭受着寿命缩短、(雄性)生育能力下降、大脑变小、肿瘤、部分白化病(一种基因突变)以及白内障发病率更高的痛苦。在过去13 年发表的60 多篇论文中，Mousseau 和Moller 指出，暴露在低水平辐射下对该区域的整个生物圈产生 了负面影响，从微生物到哺乳动物，从昆虫到鸟类。 包括贝克在内的批评人士对穆萨和穆勒持批评态度。贝克在2006 年与切塞尔合著的《美国科学家》(American Scientist)文章中指出，该区域“实际上已成为一个保护区”，穆萨和穆勒的“令人难以置信的结论只得到了间接证据的支持”。 我们所知道的关于电离辐射对健康影响的几乎所有信息都来自于一项正在进行的对原子弹幸存者的研究，该研究被称为寿命研究，简称LSS。辐射暴露的安全标准基于LSS。然而，LSS 留下了关于低剂量辐射影响的大问题没有得到解答。大多数科学家都同意，没有所谓 的“安全”辐射剂量，无论剂量有多小。小剂量是我们最不了解的。LSS 并没有告诉我们多 少低于100 毫西弗(mSv)的剂量。例如，引起基因突变需要多少辐射，这些突变是可遗传 的吗?辐射诱发的疾病(如癌症)的机制和遗传生物标记物是什么? 三重危机2011年 3月福岛第一核电站创建另一个生活摩梭实验室和穆勒可以研究低 剂量的辐射,复制他们的切尔诺贝利核事故研究和允许他们“更高的信心,影响我们看到有关辐射,而不是其他因素,“摩梭说。福岛310平方英里的隔离区比切尔诺贝利小，但在其他方面 是一样的。这两个区域都包括被遗弃的农田、森林和城市地区，在这些地区，辐射水平在 短距离内变化数量级。而且几乎可以肯定，他们进入福岛的速度比科学家进入苏联控制的 切尔诺贝利的速度还要快。简而言之，福岛事件提供了一个解决争议的机会。 福岛核事故发生后的几个月里，穆萨乌和莫勒就开始在这座正在冒烟的核电站以西受污染的山林里清点鸟类数量，但他们无法进入这个区域，亲眼看看家燕的情况。最后，在2013 年6 月，穆萨乌是首批获准完全进入福岛禁区的科学家之一。 对辐射的敏感度在生物和同一物种的个体之间有很大的差异，这是重要的原因之一，不要从蝴蝶推断到家燕或从田鼠推断到人类。蝴蝶对辐射特别敏感，Mousseau 说。2012年8 月，在线期刊《科学报告》(Scientific Report)发表了一篇论文，研究福岛核泄漏对淡草蓝 蝶的影响。冲绳县琉球大学的生物学教授大木若二(Joji Otaki)透露，在这种不雅行为发生两个月后，在福岛附近采集的蝴蝶出现了翅膀、腿和眼睛畸形的情况。Mousseau 和Moller 对切尔诺贝利和福岛昆虫的调查显示，蝴蝶作为一个群体数量急剧下降。但御宅族
新视野大学英语第三版第二册读写课文翻译 Unit 1 Text A 一堂难忘的英语课 1 如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长，那么我儿子也许是对的。对他而言，我是一个乏味的怪物：一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲，一个还沉湎于语法规则的人，对此我儿子似乎颇为反感。 2 我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时，才开始对这个问题认真起来的。这个学生刚从欧洲旅游回来。我满怀着诚挚期待问她：“欧洲之行如何？” 3 她点了三四下头，绞尽脑汁，苦苦寻找恰当的词语，然后惊呼：“真是，哇！” 4 没了。所有希腊文明和罗马建筑的辉煌居然囊括于一个浓缩的、不完整的语句之中！我的学生以“哇！”来表示她的惊叹，我只能以摇头表达比之更强烈的忧虑。 5 关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题，有许多不同的故事。学生的确本应该能够区分诸如their/there/they're之间的不同，或区别complimentary 跟complementary之间显而易见的差异。由于这些知识缺陷，他们承受着大部分不该承受的批评和指责，因为舆论认为他们应该学得更好。 6 学生并不笨，他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了。举例来说，杂货店的指示牌会把他们引向stationary（静止处），虽然便笺本、相册、和笔记本等真正的stationery（文具用品）并没有被钉在那儿。朋友和亲人常宣称They've just ate。实际上，他们应该说They've just eaten。因此，批评学生不合乎情理。 7 对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应归咎于我们的学校。学校应对英语熟练程度制定出更高的标准。可相反，学校只教零星的语法，高级词汇更是少之又少。还有就是，学校的年轻教师显然缺乏这些重要的语言结构方面的知识，因为他们过去也没接触过。学校有责任教会年轻人进行有效的语言沟通，可他们并没把语言的基本框架——准确的语法和恰当的词汇——充分地传授给学生。
Unit 1 The Texts: Piracy in the Twenty-First Century 参考译文： 二十一世纪的盗版现象 课文一 现代社会依赖于技术创新，而技术创新须依靠知识产权来保障。越来越多的国家遵守国际条约，实行知识产权保护。但这方面做得还远远不够。我们来回顾一下过去，看看缺乏知识产权保护会导致什么样的后果，从而吸取教训。 Reading B As many Western companies once discovered to their cost, investing in Southeast Asia before the advent of secure intellectual property rights was an expensive proposition. To enter these markets, Western companies had to disclose to authorities details not only of their products, but also of the processes whereby their products were created. The result, all too often, was rapid and blatant copying of goods which were not protected against copyright abuse of this kind. 参考译文： 许多西方公司付出了惨痛的代价才发现，知识产权保障机制还未健全时，在东南亚投资无异于将钱付诸东流。要进入这些市场，西方公司不仅必须向相关当局说明他们的产品，而且还要说明他们产品的制作过程。而结果经常是本该受到知识产权保护的产品很快被无耻地抄袭。
Unit 1 Genetically modified foods -- Feed the World? If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic of genetically modified foods. For many people, the concept of genetically altered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental, health, safety and ethical questions. Particularly in countries with long agrarian traditions -- and vocal green lobbies -- the idea seems against nature. 如果你想在某次晚宴上挑起一场激烈的争论，那就提出转基因食品的话题吧。对许多人来说，高科技的转基因作物生产的概念会带来诸如环境、健康、安全和伦理等方面的各种问题。特别是在有悠久的农业生产传统和主张环保的游说集团的国家里，转基因食品的主意似乎有悖自然。 In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of our lives. A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the US last year were the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic is out of the bottle. 事实上，转基因食品已经成为我们生活重要的一部分。根据农业部的统计，美国去年所种植玉米的1／3，大豆和棉花的一半以上都是生物技术的产物。今年，美国将种植6500多万英亩的转基因作物。基因妖怪已经从瓶子里跑出来了。 Yet there are clearly some very real issues that need to be resolved. Like any new product entering the food chain, genetically modified foods must be subjected to rigorous testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is tempered by the fact that we have a rich array of foods to choose from -- and a supply that far exceeds our needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations; the issue is simpler and much more urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks? 但是，显然还有一些非常现实的问题需要解决。就像任何一种要进入食物链的新食品一样，转基因食品必须经过严格的检验。在富裕的国家里，由于有大量丰富的食品可供选择，而且供应远远超过需求，所以关于生物技术的争论相对缓和一些。在迫切想要养活其迅速增长而又吃不饱的人口的发展中国家，问题比较简单，也更加紧迫：生物技术的好处是否大于风险呢? The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world's population reached 6 billion. And by 2050, the UN estimates, it will probably near 9 billion. Almost all that growth will occur in developing countries. At the same time, the world's available cultivable land per person is declining. Arable land has